EP4308809A1 - Turbine hydraulique pelton et installation - Google Patents
Turbine hydraulique pelton et installationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4308809A1 EP4308809A1 EP22708237.7A EP22708237A EP4308809A1 EP 4308809 A1 EP4308809 A1 EP 4308809A1 EP 22708237 A EP22708237 A EP 22708237A EP 4308809 A1 EP4308809 A1 EP 4308809A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- injector
- turbine
- plane
- water
- jet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/20—Controlling by varying liquid flow specially adapted for turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on bladed or like rotors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B1/00—Engines of impulse type, i.e. turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on blades or like rotors, e.g. Pelton wheels; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B1/02—Buckets; Bucket-carrying rotors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B1/00—Engines of impulse type, i.e. turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on blades or like rotors, e.g. Pelton wheels; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B1/04—Nozzles; Nozzle-carrying members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/24—Rotors for turbines
- F05B2240/241—Rotors for turbines of impulse type
- F05B2240/2411—Pelton type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a hydraulic turbine of the Pelton type suitable for driving an alternator with a determined net nominal power of 5 to 1000 kW with a maximum hydraulic pressure substantially equivalent to a maximum determined height of waterfall of between 150 m and 500m.
- Hydraulic turbines of the Pelton type are known.
- variable rate injector with a passage outlet defining a variable outlet diameter at least between a first outlet diameter to provide a first flow rate of water exiting the injector for a first hydraulic pressure corresponding to the maximum hydraulic pressure, and a second outlet diameter at least 20% greater than said first outlet diameter for a second hydraulic pressure at least 30% lower than the maximum hydraulic pressure.
- This article does not teach either a number of buckets from 19 to 33, nor buckets with half-shells each defining a cavity characterized by a maximum width (Lmax) measured perpendicular to the plane of symmetry between 1.3 and 1.
- this article of buckets whose indentation has two side edges with remote end parts distant from each other by a distance of between 1 and 1.2 times said second diameter outlet of the injector, and whose outer surface opposite the cavities has a longitudinal channel located under the central rib, said longitudinal channel having a bottom at least part of which is located between a first longitudinal plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry and passing by the points of the cavities located at the maximum depth, and a second longitudinal plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry and intersecting the central rib, said second longitudinal plane being advantageously a plane intersecting the indentation perpendicular to the plane of symmetry, or a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry tangent to the notch in the vicinity of its end closest to the bottom of the cavities.
- CAES Compressed Air Energy Storage
- a reaction turbine is, for example, a Kaplan turbine powered by a very high flow of water (for example several tons per second).
- the document FR-1018242 describes a Pelton-type turbine provided with means for guiding the water leaving the buckets after having completed its work. No reference is made to variable rate injectors with a passage outlet defining a variable outlet diameter.
- the subject of the invention is a turbine ensuring excellent efficiency of the turbine, even if the hydraulic pressure drops from 30 x 10 5 Pa to less than 15 x 10 5 Pa, or even less, such as for example at a pressure of 7 to 12 x 10 5 Pa.
- the turbine according to the invention thus makes it possible to avoid problems linked to the drop in hydraulic pressure, thus making the electrical production much more stable at maximum speed, but also making it possible to adapt the electrical production speed while ensuring an average turbine efficiency greater than 88%, or even greater than 90% and more.
- the turbine according to the invention is a hydraulic turbine of the Pelton type (1) adapted to drive an alternator (2) with a determined net nominal power of 5 to 1000 kW by at least one jet of water emerging from an injector (11 ) along a central jet axis (Ajet), said at least one water jet having a jet diameter (djet) and a variable effective hydraulic pressure (Peff) less than a maximum hydraulic pressure (PMax) equivalent to a determined waterfall height (HMax) of between 70 m and 500 m (for example between 150 m and 500 m).
- the turbine according to the invention is therefore a turbine suitable for driving a medium-power alternator, that is to say a turbine which is often supplied with water whose pressure varies significantly, for example whose pressure varies from 30 x 10 5 Pa to 10 to 12 x 10 5 Pa or whose height of fall varies from 300 m to about 100 m.
- the turbine according to the invention aims to respond to the problem of variation in hydraulic pressure or height of fall, variation disturbing the efficiency of a conventional Pelton turbine at the desired nominal power.
- the turbine according to the invention comprises at least:
- each bucket (5) having the shape of two half-shells (50,51) symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry (6), said half-shells (50,51) defining a peripheral edge (5P) extending substantially in a plane, said half-shells (50,51) being interconnected along a central rib (52) located in the plane of symmetry (6), each bucket (5) having a free end wall (53) remote from the periphery (30) of the wheel (3), said free end wall (53) being provided with a notch (54) whose size is greater than that of the diameter of the jet (djet) of the injector, each half-shell (50,51) having a bottom (50A, 51A), while the notch ( 54) of a trough (5) defines an opening (54) of each half-shell (50,51) of the relevant trough (5);
- CT turbine circle
- DT turbine diameter
- the outlet diameter (ds) is determined by the flow continuity method, i.e.: in any water passage section in the injector, the instantaneous average water velocity in a passage section multiplied by the surface of said section is constant from one section to another.
- the outlet diameter (and therefore the passage section) will vary according to the drop height (DH), according to a general formula:
- the outlet diameter is defined on the basis of these construction characteristics, and of its passage section, variable according to the position of the needle.
- the variation of outlet diameter or of passage section can be of the continuous or discontinuous type, for example by level, for example with outlet diameters varying by jump from 2 to 5 mm, for example with outlet diameters varying between a minimum of 3 to 60 mm and a maximum varying from 9 to 120 mm
- the variation in outlet diameter varies at most between a minimum diameter and a lower maximum diameter three times the minimum diameter, in particular less than 2.5 times the minimum diameter
- the outlet diameter ds 1 for a given injector is for example determined by calibration with a maximum water pressure.
- the movement of the needle of the injector is then calibrated to determine the passage section and the outlet diameter, as a function of the flow of water passing through the injector, with the water always supplied at constant pressure. This then makes it possible to convert a diameter ds2 into a displacement of the needle with respect to its position for the outlet diameter ds l .
- the injector (11) is a variable flow rate injector with a variable passage outlet (I IP) defining an outlet diameter (ds) which varies according to the effective hydraulic pressure (Peff), said outlet diameter (ds) variable varying at least between at least a first outlet diameter (ds l) to ensure a first flow of water leaving the injector (11) for a first hydraulic pressure (PI) corresponding to the maximum hydraulic pressure (PMax), and a second outlet diameter (ds2) at least 20% greater (advantageously from 20 to 40%, for example 25% or 30%) to said first outlet diameter (ds l) for a second hydraulic pressure (P2) at least 30% (for example from 30 to 75%, or even from 40 to 70%, from 45%, from 50%, from 60 to 66%) lower than the maximum hydraulic pressure (PMax ),
- the number of buckets (5) is from 19 to 33, characterized in that the half-shells (50,51) of each bucket (5) each define a cavity (50C, 51C) characterized by a maximum width (Lmax ) measured perpendicular to the plane of symmetry (6) between 1.3 and 1.9 times said second outlet diameter (ds2) of the injector (11), a maximum length (lmax) measured parallel to the plane of symmetry (6 ) between 2.2 and 3 times said second outlet diameter (ds2) of the injector (11), and a maximum depth (Pmax) measured from the plane of the peripheral edge (5A) parallel to the plane of symmetry (6) between 0.8 and 1.2 times (in particular 1.05 to 1.15 times) said second outlet diameter (ds2) of the injector (11), characterized in that the notch (54) of each trough (5) has two lateral edges (54A, 54B) with remote end parts distant from each other by a distance (d54) of between 1 and 1.2 times (in particular 1.05 to 1 , 15
- the second longitudinal plane P2 is for example the plane P5P in which extends the perimeter of the cavities (50,51) or another plane intersecting the central rib (52) perpendicular to the plane of symmetry (6), in particular a plane intersecting the notch (54) perpendicular to the plane of symmetry (6), or a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry (6) tangent to the notch (54) in the vicinity of its end closest to the bottom of the cavities (50, 51).
- the turbine according to the invention thus opens the door, at the local level, to the storage of green, solar and/or wind energy, or even excess electricity production, in the form of potential energy by putting water under compression. in one or more tanks (e.g. pressure tanks).
- tanks e.g. pressure tanks
- the number of buckets is from 19 to 33, in particular equal to 23 or 25 or 27 or 29 or 31 or 33.
- the turbine comprises one, two or three variable-flow injectors, preferably a single variable-flow injector.
- the turbine has one or more of the following characteristics:
- variable-flow injector(s) is/are connected to a control device modifying the outlet diameter at least as a function of the effective hydraulic pressure, to ensure a water flow to successively one or more troughs (5 ) substantially equal to a predetermined water flow or included in a variable water flow range between 0.9 and 1, 1 times a predetermined water flow.
- variable flow rate injector(s) is/are suitable for modifying the central axis of the jet substantially parallel to a determined axis, in particular substantially in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the wheel.
- the central axis of the jet leaving the injector deviates from the axis of rotation of the wheel when the hydraulic pressure or fall height decreases. This modification preferably takes place so that the jet emerging from the injector is always parallel to a predetermined direction.
- the displacement of the central axis of the jet modifies, for example, the spacing of this axis relative to the axis of rotation of the wheel by a distance of between 1 mm and 50 mm. It has been noticed that even a small gap could have a non-negligible impact on performance, and/or on less cavitation or less vibration.
- the injector (11) is a variable flow rate injector with a variable passage outlet (I IP) defining (a) a variable outlet diameter (ds) as a function of the effective hydraulic pressure (Peff) and (b) a variable jet central axis substantially parallel to a given axis, said variable outlet diameter (ds) and said variable jet central axis varying at least between, on the one hand, a first outlet diameter (ds l) to ensure a first flow rate of water leaving the injector (11) for a first hydraulic pressure (PI) corresponding to the maximum hydraulic pressure (PMax), said first flow of water leaving the injector (11) along a first axis jet (djetl) located at a first distance (ddl) from the axis of rotation (4) of the wheel (3), and, on the other hand, a second outlet diameter (ds2) at least 20% (by example from 20 to 40%) greater than said first outlet diameter (ds l) for a second hydraulic pressure (P2) at least 30% (for example from 30 to
- the gap between the second distance (dd2) and the first distance (ddl) is less than 10%, advantageously less than 5% of said first distance (ddl).
- This spacing is for example 1%,
- This small gap makes it possible to partially compensate for a loss of pressure in the water supplied to the injector.
- control device adapts said second outlet diameter (ds2) by substantially following a function depending at least on the 3/4 power of the ratio of the maximum hydraulic pressure to the second hydraulic pressure.
- a control device adapts said second outlet diameter by following a curve or a set of pre-established curves to reduce the vibrations of the turbine or to reduce the effects of cavitation.
- the curve or curves are in particular established by tests varying the outlet diameter (ds2) and/or the position of the injector, for variable drop heights or water pressure, these tests then measuring the turbine efficiency, the vibrations at the level of the rotating shaft of the turbine (for example measured by a temperature sensor to measure heating), and/or the effects of any cavitation (for example in the form of a noise sensor). Other vibration and/or cavitation sensors are possible.
- the turbine comprises or is associated with a vibration sensor and/or a cavitation sensor, and with a control device adapting said second outlet diameter by following a curve or a set of curves pre-established on the basis of vibrations of the turbine or cavitation of the turbine for at least one series of different water flow rates and for at least one series of different water pressures, said control device adapting the outlet diameter (ds2) and/or the position of the injector, to reduce or avoid any cavitation and/or to reduce vibrations, while ensuring a turbine efficiency greater than 88%, in particular greater than 90%.
- Another object of the invention is a hydraulic turbine of the Pelton type (1) adapted to drive an alternator (2) with a nominal net power determined from 5 to 1000 kW by at least one jet of water emerging from an injector along a central jet axis (Ajet), said at least one water jet having a jet diameter (djet) and a variable effective hydraulic pressure (Peff) lower than a maximum hydraulic pressure (PMax) equivalent to a waterfall height (HMax) determined between 150m and 500m, said turbine comprising at least:
- each bucket (5) having the shape of two half-shells (50,51) symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry (6), said half-shells (50,51) defining a peripheral edge (5P) extending substantially in a plane, said half-shells (50,51) being interconnected along a central rib (52) located in the plane of symmetry (6), each bucket (5) having a free end wall (53) remote from the periphery (30) of the wheel (3), said free end wall (53) being provided with a notch (54) whose size is greater than that of the diameter of the jet (djet) of the injector, each half-shell (50,51) having a bottom (50A, 51A), while the notch (54) of a bucket (5) defines an opening (54) of each half-shell (50, 51) of the considered trough (5);
- CT turbine circle
- DT turbine diameter
- the central axis of the jet leaving the injector deviates from the axis of rotation of the wheel when the hydraulic pressure or the height of fall decreases.
- This modification preferably takes place so that the jet emerging from the injector is always parallel to a predetermined direction.
- the displacement of the central axis of the jet modifies, for example, the spacing of this axis relative to the axis of rotation of the wheel by a distance of between 1 mm and 50 mm.
- the injector (11) is a variable-flow injector with a variable passage outlet (I IP) defining (a) a variable outlet diameter (ds) as a function of the effective hydraulic pressure (Peff) and (b) a central variable jet axis substantially parallel to a given axis, said variable outlet diameter (ds) and said central variable jet axis varying at least between, on the one hand, a first outlet diameter (ds l) to ensure a first flow of water leaving the injector (11) for a first hydraulic pressure (PI) corresponding to the maximum hydraulic pressure (PMax), said first flow of water leaving the injector (11) along a first jet axis (djetl) located at a first distance (ddl) from the axis of rotation (4) of the wheel (3), and, on the other hand, a second outlet diameter (ds2) at least 20% ( for example from 20 to 40%) greater than said first outlet diameter (ds l) for a second hydraulic pressure (P2) at least 30% (for example d
- the gap between the second distance (dd2) and the first distance (ddl) is less than 10%, advantageously less than 5% of said first distance (ddl).
- This spacing is for example 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of the first distance. This small gap makes it possible to partially compensate for a loss of pressure in the water supplied to the injector.
- This turbine having a variable (dd) injector constitutes the second object of the invention and advantageously has one or more of the characteristics of the turbine described as the first object according to the invention.
- Another subject of the invention is an installation for the production of electrical energy comprising at least one basin or reservoir for storing water with a maximum hydraulic pressure of between 15 x 10 5 Pa and 50 x 10 5 Pa or with a height maximum drop between 150m and 500m, at least one turbine according to the first object of the invention or according to the second object according to the invention, at least one alternator, at least one kinematic device connecting the shaft of the turbine to a drive shaft of the alternator, and at least one pipe for bringing the water from the basin or reservoir to the injector(s) of the turbine.
- the installation is thus, for example, suitable for operating between a given maximum pressure or a given maximum drop height, and a minimum pressure equal to less than 50%, or even less than 30% of the maximum pressure or a minimum drop height equal less than 50% or even less than 30% of the maximum fall height.
- said installation further comprises a collection basin for collecting water from a storage basin or reservoir after its action on the wheel of the turbine, and a pumping device for bringing water back from the basin. collection to the storage basin or to the pressurized water tank.
- the tanks intended to contain water under pressure are for example cylindrical tanks, for example with a diameter of 1 m to 3 m, in particular in the form of a series of cylindrical tanks connected to each other, advantageously two by two or more. , so that water from a cistern is able to flow by gravity into the volume of another cistern.
- each tank comprises at least one zone filled with gas (in particular air), and advantageously a system ensuring that each tank during its emptying operation of water includes an area containing a minimum of water.
- gas in particular air
- these areas of gas or air form buffer zones for the pressure during of water filling operation in the cisterns, while the minimum water zones of the cisterns form zones favoring a passage of gas (air or oxygen from the air) into / out of the water present in the zones , during water transfer operation to the injector(s).
- These zones of minimum water content also form a protection system for the injectors, since they thus prevent the transfer of any deposits to the injectors, which could cause problems of clogging of the latter or these.
- said installation is also associated with a device for supplying electric current from photovoltaic panels and/or wind turbines.
- Another subject of the invention is a process for producing electrical energy, and advantageously also for storing potential energy for the production of electrical energy, in which an installation according to the invention is used (with a turbine according to the first object according to the invention or a turbine according to the second object according to the invention) to convert the potential energy of the water contained in the basin or storage tank (in particular in tanks containing pressurized water) into electrical energy.
- This process makes it possible to ensure production close to the desired nominal power, despite significant pressure variations for the water supplied to the injector or injectors.
- Still another object according to the invention is an injector-bucket wheel assembly for a turbine according to the first object according to the invention or for a turbine according to the second object according to the invention.
- Said wheel (3) has a periphery (30) of diameter (D) greater than 300mm, advantageously less than 1000mm, for example from 400mm to 750mm, such as in particular 450mm, 500mm, 550mm and 600mm, said wheel (3 ) being mounted or able to be mounted on a central shaft defining the axis of rotation (4); in which a series of buckets (5) mounted in a regular manner along the periphery (30) of the wheel (3), each bucket (5) having the shape of two half-shells (50,51) symmetrical with to a plane of symmetry (6), said half-shells (50,51) defining a peripheral edge (5P) extending substantially in a plane, said half-shells (50,51) being interconnected along a central rib (52) located in the plane of symmetry (6), each
- Said wheel is essentially characterized in that the number of buckets (5) is from 19 to 33, characterized in that the half-shells (50,51) of each bucket (5) each define a cavity (50C, 51C) characterized by a maximum width (Lmax) measured perpendicular to the plane of symmetry (6) of between 1.3 and 1.9 times said second outlet diameter (ds2) of the injector (11), a maximum length (lmax) measured parallel to the plane of symmetry (6) between 2.2 and 3 times said second outlet diameter (ds2) of the injector (11), and a maximum depth (Pmax) measured from the plane of the peripheral edge (5A) parallel to the plane of symmetry (6) between 0.8 and 1.2 times said second outlet diameter (ds2) of the injector (11), characterized in that the notch (54) of each bucket (5) has two lateral edges (54A, 54B) with remote end parts separated from each other by a distance (d54) of between 1 and 1.2 times said d second outlet diameter (ds2) of the injector
- the number of buckets is 27 or 29 or 31 or 33.
- figure 1 is a schematic view of a Pelton turbine wheel of the known type (CLASSIC PELTON), associated with an injector, while figure Ibis is a perspective view of a bucket of a turbine known ;
- Figure 2 is a view of a pelton turbine according to the invention
- FIG. 3 is a view of the turbine according to Figure 2, with a variable flow rate injector mounted for displacement;
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a modified needle injector
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are sectional views, on a larger scale, of the injector with the needle respectively in a first position controlling a first jet with a first diameter centered along a first axis, and in a second position controlling a second jet with a diameter larger than said first diameter and centered along a second axis parallel to said first axis but farther from the axis of rotation of the wheel;
- Figures 7 and 8 are sectional views respectively of Figures 5 and 6, along lines VII-VII and VIII-VIII;
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a second way of making the modified needle
- FIG. 10 is a front view of a bucket of a wheel according to the invention.
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the trough of Figure 10 along line XI-XI;
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view of the trough of Figure 10 along the line XII-XII,
- FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the trough of Figure 10 along the line XIII-XIII;
- FIG. 16 and 17 show respectively on the front face the point of impact of a jet (J) with a first diameter on a bucket (5), said jet passing through a notch (54) of another bucket, before the rotation of the wheel only causes said jet to strike said other bucket, and in the transverse plane said point of impact of said jet;
- FIG. 18 is a schematic view of an installation according to the invention.
- Figure 19 is a detail view of two or three tanks connected together.
- Figure 1 shows a wheel of a known Pelton turbine.
- a Pelton turbine must therefore always be dimensioned for a given drop height, since the variations in efficiency can be very significant in the event of a variation in the drop height.
- the turbine according to the invention is a turbine of the type described above, but the modifications made of which make it possible to ensure a substantially constant turbine efficiency h (for example of approximately 90%), even if the water pressure at the admission varies significantly, for example even if the height of fall varies from 400m to 200m, or even less.
- the turbine according to the invention is thus characterized in that: - the injector (11) is a variable-flow injector with a variable passage outlet (I IP) defining a variable outlet diameter (ds) as a function of the pressure effective hydraulic pressure (Peff), said variable outlet diameter (ds) varying at least between at least a first outlet diameter (ds l) to ensure a first flow of water leaving the injector (11) for a first hydraulic pressure (PI) corresponding to the maximum hydraulic pressure (PMax), and a second outlet diameter (ds2) at least 20% greater than said first outlet diameter (ds l) for a second hydraulic pressure (P2) at least 30% lower than the maximum hydraulic pressure (PMax).
- I IP variable passage outlet
- FIG. 1 The variation in the position of the needle (11 A) makes it possible to modify the flow of water leaving through the passage outlet (I IP) and thus the diameter of the jet (J) leaving the injector (11).
- Figures 2bis and 2ter show the passage outlet in two different positions of the needle (11 A). In Figure 2ter, the needle (11 A) is more retracted into the body of the injector (11), so as to increase the passage surface (I IP) and the flow of water leaving the injector (11 ). The diameter (ds) is obtained from the water flow continuity equation.
- the movement of the needle (11A) relative to the body of the injector is for example controlled by a hydraulic cylinder (110) whose rod (110A) is connected to the needle (11A).
- the edge (52P) of the rib (52) is located above the plane (P5P) of the periphery (5P) of the cavities (50C, 51C), the latter being located below said plane (P5P).
- a turbine according to the invention has, for example, compared to the wheel (3) of the turbine of FIG. 1, a reduced wheel diameter, a turbine diameter reduced by 10 to 20%, an increased number of buckets, buckets of larger dimension, a jet diameter which can be increased from simple to double compared to the jet diameter of the turbine of FIG.
- the turbine of Figure 2 has a number of buckets (which are identical to each other) equal to 30. Advantageously this number would have been odd, for example 29, 31 or 33.
- the turbine of Figure 2 is adapted to be driven at 1000 rpm, with a constant electrical power of 200kW, with an efficiency of 90%, and this for a height of fall that can vary from 400m to 200m.
- the diameter of the jet djet is for example 51.8 mm.
- the injector (11) is a variable rate injector.
- the turbine comprises 1 to 3 variable flow rate injectors.
- variable-flow injector or the variable-flow injectors is/are each connected to a control device modifying the outlet diameter at least as a function of the effective hydraulic pressure, to ensure a flow of water successively towards a or troughs (5) substantially equal to a predetermined water flow or included in a range of variable water flow between 0.9 and 1.1 times a predetermined water flow.
- the outlet diameter of an injector is for example modified by a cylinder (110) whose rod (110A) modifies the position of the needle (11 A), and thus the open surface for the passage of water through the injector. ( 11). The more the needle is moved inwards of the injector, the more the surface is important.
- the needle (11A) has a bulbous shape with a tip emerging from the injector chamber.
- the cylinder (110) is controlled by a control unit receiving one or more information from sensors, including a pressure sensor determining the pressure of the water supplied to the injector or injectors. This cylinder (110) allows movement of the needle in the X direction.
- the injector (11) is mounted on a movable support (120) relative to the turbine body (10), so as to modify the position from the central axis (Ajet) of the jet.
- the mobile support (120) is in particular capable of following a translation movement in a direction (Y) perpendicular to the central axis (Ajet) of the jet (J) and in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (4) of the wheel (3).
- This translation movement of the mobile support (120) is for example controlled by a cylinder (121), the hydraulic fluid pressure brought into the chamber of the cylinder (121) being modified so that the spacing of the axis of the jet with respect to to the axis of rotation (4) is increased during the drop in pressure of the water supplied to the injector (11).
- the position of the central axis of the jet can be modified while ensuring that this axis remains substantially parallel to a determined axis, this thus ensuring a variable engine torque depending on the pressure of the water or the height of the fall.
- the injector (11) is a variable rate injector with a variable passage outlet (I IP) defining (a) an outlet diameter (ds) variable in function of the effective hydraulic pressure (Peff) and (b) a central variable jet axis substantially parallel to a given axis, said variable outlet diameter (ds) and said central variable jet axis varying at least between on the one hand, a first outlet diameter (ds l) to ensure a first flow of water leaving the injector (11) for a first hydraulic pressure (PI) corresponding to the maximum hydraulic pressure (PMax), said first flow of water leaving of the injector (1) along a first jet axis (djetl) located at a first distance (ddl) from
- the spacing D between the second distance (dd2) and the first distance (ddl) is less than 10%, advantageously less than 5% of said first distance (ddl).
- the spacing is advantageously less than 10%, preferably less than 5%.
- the displacement of the central axis (Ajet) of the jet (J) is less than 50 mm, for example from 10 to 30 mm maximum.
- this spacing corresponds to the movement Y of the movable support relative to the turbine body (10).
- the device for monitoring or controlling the outlet opening of the injector is in particular suitable for modifying said second outlet diameter (ds2) by substantially following a function depending on the power 3 ⁇ 4 of the ratio of the maximum hydraulic pressure to the second hydraulic pressure.
- Figures 4 to 9 are views of an injector capable of modifying the outgoing flow by modifying the passage surface (I IP), but also the position of the central axis (Ajet) of the jet (J).
- the injector includes a body (11) defining a substantially conical interior chamber (11C).
- the needle (11A) comprises at least (a) a substantially frustoconical first part (11E) ensuring, when this part (11E) is adjacent to the open end of the injector (11), a substantially circular passage (I IP) ( circular crown) or annular then generating a jet (J) along a central axis substantially corresponding to the axis of symmetry (Ai l) of the frustoconical chamber of the injector (11) in the vicinity of its opening (I IP ), and (b) a second part (11F) not centered with respect to the axis of symmetry (Ai l).
- Said second part (11F) has a cross-section (perpendicular to the central axis (Ai l) of the inner chamber (11C) of the injector (11) which is variable, but adapted so that when the second part (11F) extends at the level of the open end of the injector (11), the passage surface (I IP) is defined between an outer circle defined by the circle of the cross section of the inner chamber (11C) in the vicinity of its opening (I IP), and an inner circle off-center relative to the outer circle, and relative to the axis (Ai l).
- the inner circle is defined by the cross section of the second part (11F) of the needle (11A) at the level of the opening (I IP).
- the displacement of the needle (11 A) relative to the body of the injector (11) is for example operated by a jack or by a system allowing axial displacement (in the direction of the axis (Ai l) and/or a displacement of rotation (RR) of the needle (11 A) around the central axis (Ai l) of the body of the injector (11).
- the first part (11E) extends at the level of the opening (I IP), so as to define an annular opening.
- the jet (J) leaves the injector to define a jet axis (Ajet) located substantially along the axis (Ai l) of the inner chamber of the injector (11).
- the part (11F) of the needle (11) is located at the level of the passage (I IP), thus defining a passage surface defined between two off-center circles, so that the axis of the jet ( Ajet) is offset from the central axis of the injector chamber (11).
- Figure 9 is a perspective view of the needle (11A) of Figure 4. In the form shown, the free end of the second part (11F) of the needle (11) is slightly rounded.
- Figure 16 shows a first bucket (5) of the wheel (3) on which the jet (J) of the injector acts.
- This first bucket (5) is located behind another bucket (5'), so that the jet (J) crosses the notch (54) of this other bucket (5') before touching the first bucket (5) in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation (4) of the wheel (3) and perpendicular to the edge (52P) of the central rib (52), this central rib (52) then dividing the jet (J) into two substantially equal parts towards the bottom of the cavities (50C, 51C) before the water is ejected via the side walls without touching the outer surface (5SE) of said other trough (5') (outer surface facing the first trough (5).
- FIG. 17 shows from the side the path of a jet (J) leaving an injector (11).
- the jet (J) crosses at least the notch (54) of a bucket (5') before touching the bucket (5) located at the rear to produce a motor torque at the wheel (3) in direction (R).
- the jet (J) will touch the trough (5) located at the rear less and less and the trough (5') located in front of the rear trough (5) more and more.
- the bucket (5') will take the position of the trough (5), while the trough (5") will take the position of the trough (5').
- FIG. 18 schematically represents an electrical energy production installation according to the invention.
- This installation comprises at least one basin or reservoirs (60,61,6 Ibis) for storing water with a maximum hydraulic pressure of between 15 x 10 5 Pa and 50 x 10 5 Pa (according to a variant the installation is associated to a water supply with a maximum drop height of between 150m and 500m), at least one turbine (1) according to the invention, at least one alternator (2), at least one kinematic device (66) connecting the shaft from the turbine (1) to a drive shaft of the alternator (2), and at least one pipe (67 with a valve 67A) to bring the water from the basin or reservoir(s) (60,61,6 Ibis) to the injector(s) (11) of the turbine (1).
- the installation further comprises a collection basin (68) for collecting water from a storage basin or tank(s) (60,61,6 Ibis) after its action on the wheel (3) of the turbine , and a pumping device (69 with a pipe 69A) for bringing water from the collection basin (68) to the storage basin or to the pressurized water tank(s) (60,61, 61bis).
- the installation is advantageously associated with a device (70) for supplying electric current from photovoltaic panels and/or wind turbines (other sources are possible.
- the energy sources are preferably green or renewable energies), said supply device (70) being advantageously associated with an inverter to then supply current to the pump (69) to bring water back into the reservoirs (60,61,6 Ibis) and put this water under pressure.
- the green or renewable electrical energy supply device is advantageously suitable for supplying during the day at least a quantity of energy corresponding to the energy stored in the reservoirs, and intended to supply one or more users. This or these users are thus supplied during the day by the supply device (70) and at night by the installation according to the invention.
- the reservoirs or cisterns When water is pressurized, for example at a maximum pressure of 30 to 40 x 10 5 Pa, the reservoirs or cisterns (60.61.6 Ibis) advantageously have the form of pipes or tubes with a diameter of 1 m 3 m, closed at their opposite ends by a cover.
- the pipes or tubes advantageously made of steel resistant to oxidation or corrosion and/or provided with one or more protective layers, are advantageously placed substantially horizontally, one above the other.
- a pipe (72) connects two adjacent tanks.
- the water from the collection basin (68) is brought back into the upper cistern (61a) by the pumping device (69).
- This pumping device (69) is advantageously supplied with electrical energy by the photovoltaic panels (70), possibly with the interposition of an inverter or other control devices.
- This pumping device (69) is suitable for pressurizing water to send it to the tanks (60,61,6 Ibis) still containing pressurized gas (this pressure corresponds to the pressure still present in the tanks when they are substantially empty).
- the gas putting the water under pressure in the tank(s) (60,61,6 Ibis) is air, nitrogen or any other gas whose dissolution in water is very low. From this point of view, C02 is not advantageous, given its great dissolution in water. In addition, in the event of a gas leak in a closed enclosure, the excess C02 can be a source of health problems.
- the supply of water to the cisterns makes it possible to increase the pressure of the air contained in the cisterns.
- the water pump can thus inject water into the cisterns
- Pressure tanks are equipped with a safety device to prevent accidental overpressure in one or more tanks.
- a pipe (67) extends between the lower tank (60) and the injector (11).
- This pipe (67) has one end extending above the bottom of the lower tank (60), this to ensure that a minimum volume of water is always present in the lower tank (60).
- a valve system (67A) makes it possible to supply the injector with water or not. It is the injector(s) that regulate(s) the flow of water and give the power to the turbine.
- Such an installation thus makes it possible to store electrical energy in the form of potential energy, for example during the day, while allowing it to be used when needed, with the least possible loss during its transformation into energy. electricity, for example at night.
- the transformation also takes place with great stability.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing electrical energy, and advantageously also for storing potential energy for the production of electrical energy, in which an installation according to the invention is used, for example as described above. -before.
- the potential energy of the water contained in the basin or storage tank (60,61, 61 bis) is converted into electrical energy.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE20210023A BE1029196B1 (fr) | 2021-03-15 | 2021-03-15 | Turbine hydraulique Pelton et installation |
| PCT/IB2022/051925 WO2022195393A1 (fr) | 2021-03-15 | 2022-03-04 | Turbine hydraulique pelton et installation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4308809A1 true EP4308809A1 (fr) | 2024-01-24 |
Family
ID=75477815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22708237.7A Pending EP4308809A1 (fr) | 2021-03-15 | 2022-03-04 | Turbine hydraulique pelton et installation |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12092068B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4308809A1 (fr) |
| BE (1) | BE1029196B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3210779A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022195393A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT526789B1 (de) * | 2023-02-21 | 2024-07-15 | Global Hydro Energy Gmbh | Pelton-Turbine mit System zum Ausrichten des Wasserstrahls |
| BE1032812B1 (fr) | 2024-07-30 | 2026-03-02 | Rutten New Energy System Sa | Unité de stockage d'énergie |
| WO2026069028A1 (fr) | 2024-09-25 | 2026-04-02 | Rutten - New Energy System Sa | Système d'alimentation électrique d'urgence |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2140230A (en) * | 1937-01-01 | 1938-12-13 | Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon Ltd | Water turbine |
| FR1018242A (fr) * | 1949-07-22 | 1952-12-30 | English Electric Co Ltd | Perfectionnements aux turbines hydrauliques |
| GB667129A (en) | 1949-07-22 | 1952-02-27 | English Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to hydraulic turbines |
| AT394092B (de) * | 1988-11-18 | 1992-01-27 | Efg Turbinen Und Kraftwerksanl | Peltonbecher |
| FI125547B (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2015-11-30 | Heikki Antero Pohjola | A method and arrangement for maintaining the pressure of a fluid flow in a system at a predetermined, almost constant level |
| ES2750001T3 (es) | 2015-12-22 | 2020-03-24 | Renestor M Gmbh | Sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de energía |
-
2021
- 2021-03-15 BE BE20210023A patent/BE1029196B1/fr active IP Right Grant
-
2022
- 2022-03-04 CA CA3210779A patent/CA3210779A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-03-04 WO PCT/IB2022/051925 patent/WO2022195393A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-03-04 EP EP22708237.7A patent/EP4308809A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-09-15 US US18/468,040 patent/US12092068B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE1029196B1 (fr) | 2022-10-17 |
| US12092068B2 (en) | 2024-09-17 |
| US20240003328A1 (en) | 2024-01-04 |
| WO2022195393A1 (fr) | 2022-09-22 |
| CA3210779A1 (fr) | 2022-09-22 |
| BE1029196A1 (fr) | 2022-10-10 |
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