EP4308335A1 - EXTREMES HOCHGESCHWINDIGKEITS-LASERAUFTRAGSCHWEIßVERFAHREN - Google Patents
EXTREMES HOCHGESCHWINDIGKEITS-LASERAUFTRAGSCHWEIßVERFAHRENInfo
- Publication number
- EP4308335A1 EP4308335A1 EP22713587.8A EP22713587A EP4308335A1 EP 4308335 A1 EP4308335 A1 EP 4308335A1 EP 22713587 A EP22713587 A EP 22713587A EP 4308335 A1 EP4308335 A1 EP 4308335A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- component
- particles
- laser beam
- deposition welding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a laser build-up welding method for carrying out laser build-up welding to produce a melt-metallurgical connection between an at least partially melted filler material and a surface of a component by means of laser radiation, which further enables extreme process speeds to be increased.
- the invention also relates to a corresponding laser build-up welding device and a component modified with this method or this device.
- Laser deposition welding is known in the prior art as a method for surface treatment and for the additive manufacturing of components with additional materials.
- a powdered filler material is introduced at a defined angle by means of a powder nozzle into a melt pool generated by a laser beam on a surface of a component.
- a schematic diagram in Fig. 1 shows the known method.
- a layer 2 of the filler material is produced on a component 1 in that filler material 5 in the form of powder particles is supplied to a molten bath 4 by means of a powder feeder 3 .
- the molten bath 4 is kept in the liquid state by irradiating it with a laser beam 6 .
- Additional material 5 in the form of solid powder arrives in the area of the melt pool 4 and is melted there by the laser beam 6 and the heating of the surrounding melt pool. If the component 1 is now moved in relation to the laser 6 and the powder feed 3, the material of the melt pool moves out of the area of influence of the laser 6 and solidifies as a melt-metallurgical connection between the base material and the filler material to form the layer 2. Seen in the direction of laser impact x below the melt pool 4 the power irradiated by the laser 6 also partially penetrates the surface of the component 1 . The action of the laser radiation creates a heat-affected zone 10 depending on the duration of interaction. Depending on the radiation intensity and duration of action of the laser 6, the filler material and component material are therefore mixed.
- the filler material powder can be injected laterally or coaxially into the weld pool.
- Figure 1 shows side injection.
- Process speeds ie feed speeds of the component relative to the laser beam, typically reach between 0.2 m/min and 5 m/min.
- An extreme high-speed laser build-up welding process is known from German published application DE 10 2011 100 456 A1.
- the filler metal is fed into the weld pool in a fully melted form.
- the powder particles are melted at a distance greater than zero from the melt pool and added to the melt in a liquid state.
- the filler material is supplied to the molten pool in the same physical state as the molten pool has on the surface of the component. This eliminates the time required to melt the powder particles in the melt pool. This in turn reduces the time required for layer formation, which means that the process speed can be significantly increased.
- the powdery filler material is melted by the laser beam before it reaches the melt pool created by the laser beam.
- the achievable feed rate depends on the time required to melt the particles of the supplied powder on the one hand and the time required to create a melt pool on the surface of the component on the other. In this case, it would be desirable if the component were heated as little as possible and there was little dilution on the surface of the component. A further increase in process speed would also be desirable.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for laser build-up welding at high feed speeds and build-up rates, with which a low heat input into the component and low dilution on the surface of the component is made possible.
- this object is achieved by a laser build-up welding method for carrying out a laser build-up weld, with the component being melt-metallurgically connected to partially melted filler material by means of a laser beam directed onto a surface of a component, with the filler material being fed to the laser beam as a powder jet of particles, with the particles in a beam-particle interaction zone at a distance from the surface of the component depending on the process parameters of the laser cladding process and grain fraction and Material properties of the particles absorb optical energy from the laser beam and are applied to the surface of the component, with the process parameters being set in such a way that at least a proportion of the particles along their trajectory are reached by the laser radiation the boiling temperature and the resulting vapor pressure leads to an increase in speed at least of the proportion of particles towards the surface of the component.
- laser deposition welding is carried out, i.e. a melt-metallurgical connection of an additional material is produced with the surface of the component.
- Melting is the phase transition of a solid substance or solid mixture of substances into the liquid state.
- the phase transition is usually generated at constant pressure by supplying heat from the laser beam. If a pure substance is melted at constant pressure, the melting temperature is clearly determined. During the phase transition, the temperature remains constant, and all the heat supplied is invested in the change in the state of aggregation as the enthalpy of fusion.
- the inventors have recognized that the generation of a melt in a welding spot on the surface of the component before contact with the molten particles of the filler material is not a necessary prerequisite for the production of weld-metallurgically bonded layers.
- the place where the laser radiation and the additional material hit the surface of the component is referred to as the welding spot, i.e. the point where the build-up welding takes place.
- the powder particles are at least partially melted by the laser beam before it hits the surface of the component.
- the powder particles shadow the laser beam so that only part of the laser beam is transmitted through the powder and hits the component.
- the surface of the component only has to be preheated by the transmitted portion of radiation to such an extent that the additional energy input of the melted powder particles is sufficient to form a melt-metallurgical bond on the surface through the temperature increase as a result of the thermal contact, even with a previously solid substrate that has not yet melted.
- the highest possible temperature is a temperature up to the boiling point of the particles.
- part of the particle or part of the surface of the particle in question is heated to its boiling point. Since the heating of the surface of the particles of the filler material of at least part of the supplied powdered filler material at least partially to the boiling point of the filler material compared to the methods known from the prior art with otherwise the same conditions, such as transmittance, particle heating, etc., requires a lower laser power is required, the achievable feed rate can be further increased and the previous process limit can be overcome. With the same laser power applied, it takes longer to melt the welding spot on the surface of the component than to heat powder particles to their boiling point.
- the heat penetration depth and thus the heat-affected zone on the surface of the component can be minimized with the method according to the invention, which means that the properties of the component, for example with regard to the mechanical properties such as ductility, modulus of elasticity and / or yield stress, also change at its The surface does not change or does not change significantly as a result of the build-up weld. Due to the low heat penetration depth, there is little mixing of the filler material with the original material of the component, i.e. the two materials are mixed on the surface of the component.
- the increase in the speed of the particles according to the invention is advantageous because, in the case of particle temperatures greater than the melting temperature, particles at high speed are deformed along the surface of the component when they come into contact with the surface of the component as a result of the kinetic energy, even at high feed speeds, or to the surface of the component are pressed, so that heat transfer to the surface is improved. As a result, good heat exchange between the particles and the solid substrate surface (of the component) can be initiated. This achieves an improved metallurgical bond. Any increase in the speed of the particles in the direction of the surface of the component is therefore favorable for the laser deposition welding process, in particular in order to be able to operate this process at the highest possible feed speeds.
- the rate of increase in the proportion of particles that have reached the boiling temperature is greater than 2%. From a speed increase of 2%, the advantageous effect in the treated component becomes clearly measurable and higher feed speeds can be achieved at the same time qualitatively good laser cladding and low dilution compared to the prior art.
- the surface of a component refers to the surface that faces the laser radiation and the powder jet, with this surface only undergoing laser build-up welding where the filler material is applied to the surface.
- the term "applied to the surface of the component” refers to any type of application of a substance to another substance, in this case the component.
- the powdered filler material can be melted in a laser beam before it hits the component and blown (applied) onto it in molten form.
- a laser beam is usually focused using single-lens or multi-lens laser optics, the most important optical parameters of which are the focal length and the aperture (diameter of the free opening).
- the laser beam is bundled by the laser optics.
- the beam waist resulting from the bundling of a laser beam after the laser optics is also referred to as the beam focus. In practice, this beam focus is not a single discrete point, but forms a focus area.
- Laser beams are electromagnetic waves that are characterized by a combination of high intensity, often in a very narrow frequency range (monochromatic light), sharp focusing of the beam and a long coherence length. Laser beams from the infrared spectrum, for example, are used for laser deposition welding.
- additional material refers to the entirety of the material applied to the surface of the component as a powder jet.
- the additional material can thus be a single substance or a mixture of substances, which can comprise a homogeneous, inhomogeneous, spatially and/or temporally varying composition.
- a multi-material mix such as IN625 with WC is also referred to as an additional material within the meaning of the present invention.
- the additional active substance is present as particles that are transported in a powder jet (or particle jet) in the direction of the laser beam and through it onto the surface of the component, for example with the aid of a transport gas stream in which the particles are guided to the component.
- the term "grain fraction” refers to the particles with a certain size or a size distribution of the particles in a total quantity of particles. For example, can the particles thereby have sizes in a certain interval of particle sizes.
- a powder or a powdered additive material is understood to mean a very finely comminuted substance with an average particle size of less than 100 ⁇ m.
- beam-particle interaction zone refers to the spatial area above the surface of the component in which the particles absorb optical energy from the laser beam. The size of the beam-particle interaction zone depends on the process parameters, in particular on the laser beam guidance and the particle beam guidance. The process parameters designate all the conditions for the laser cladding process that can be set or are predetermined by the respective selected components.
- the process parameters determine, among other things, the jet-particle interaction zone and the number of particles that reach the boiling temperature in the jet-particle interaction zone and what proportion of the individual particles is heated to the boiling temperature, which results in the increase in velocity for the individual particles .
- the trajectory describes the trajectory of the particles on their way to the surface of the component. This trajectory can be straight or curved, depending on how the particles interact with each other (e.g. through mechanical impact) and with the laser radiation (thermal), in particular whether the particles are accelerated and how high this acceleration is.
- the process parameters to be set for this include one or more elements from the group of laser power of the laser beam, beam guidance of the laser beam, size of the focus area, relative position of a powder jet focus to the laser beam, preferably to the focus area of the laser beam, density of the particles in the powder jet, speed of the particles in the Powder jet before reaching the laser beam, preferably the focus area of the laser beam, distance between the laser focus and the surface of the component, overlap and feed rate.
- the overlap between the powder jet and the laser beam is referred to as the overlap, i.e. how many particles ultimately pass through the laser beam.
- the vapor pressure that increases the velocity is a result of the heating of a portion of the particles to the boiling point.
- material of the respective vaporizes particle, whereby an impulse in the forward direction is exerted on the surface of the component on the respective particle, which correspondingly accelerates this respective particle.
- the method according to the invention thus provides a method for laser build-up welding for high feed speeds and build-up rates, with which a low heat input into the component and a low level of dilution on the surface of the component are made possible.
- the method according to the invention also represents a self-reinforcing method with regard to the thermalization of the optical energy in the powder jet of particles (heating of the particles in the laser beam), since the targeted use of the acceleration of particles as a result of the vapor pressure when the boiling temperature is reached on the particle surface leads to this that the increased speeds of the particles lead to a dilution of the particle density in the focus area of the laser beam.
- the particles in this area with a temperature below the boiling point can absorb more optical energy from the laser beam because of the higher degree of transmission.
- This is advantageous for the process, because the more the ratio of the thermalized optical energy shifts in favor of the powder jet of particles, the smaller the penetration depth of the melt isotherms into the substrate.
- self-regulation sets in, since the accelerated particles experience reduced further heating. This is particularly advantageous with high powder densities or application rates and high feed speeds.
- the increase in speed is so great that a constriction of the powder jet in the direction of the surface of the component is between 2% and 10%, preferably between 3% and 6%, particularly preferably between 4% and 5%, compared to a width of the unilluminated powder jet effected.
- the proportion of particles that have reached the boiling point is more than 5%, preferably more than 30%, more preferably more than 50%, particularly preferably more than 80% of the particles along their trajectory through the laser radiation be heated.
- at least 20% of a surface of the particles, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 40% are heated to at least their boiling point. In the case of a spherical particle and a parallel laser beam, no more than 50% of the surface can be heated to the boiling point.
- the particles can have a surface that deviates from the spherical shape, surface portions greater than 50% would also be possible, but not significantly more than 50%.
- the particles have an average particle size of >1 ⁇ m, preferably >10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably >30 ⁇ m and/or ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, preferably ⁇ 70 ⁇ m, particularly preferably ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
- the particle sizes mentioned have proven to be advantageous in terms of heating in the time available, the homogeneity of the temperature distribution within the particle, the speed at which the particle temperature between its heating in the laser beam and its impact on the welding spot on the one hand and on the other hand that caused by the individual Particles proven possible energy input on the surface of the component.
- the surface of the component in an area on which the laser deposition welding is carried out is heated by the transmitting laser beam itself to a temperature below its melting temperature, with the melted particles having a particle temperature at least at the point of impact of the particles on the surface of the component greater than the melting temperature of the component at its surface induce a temperature above the solidus temperature in the surface of the component to produce the melt-metallurgical connection.
- the laser beam is aimed at the area of the surface of the component on which the build-up weld is to be carried out. However, the powdery additional material is passed through the laser beam before it hits the component. As a result, the laser beam is partially shaded.
- the transmittance therefore indicates how much laser radiation finds its way through the powder jet.
- the transmittance of the powder jet passed through the laser beam is adjusted in such a way that the surface of the component where the additional material is applied is heated, but the heating remains below the melting temperature of the surface of the component. By heating up the welding spot, it is possible to melt the surface of the component more quickly at this point through the impact of the hot, melted powder particles. An even higher feed rate can be achieved by preheating the surface of the component using the laser radiation. Because the laser radiation does not heat the surface of the component to the melting point, the mixing of component material with filler material is kept as low as possible.
- the density of the particles in the powder jet is adjusted and the laser power and caustic of the laser beam are dimensioned and aligned to the powder jet so that the laser power impinging on the surface of the component is less than 85%, preferably less than 50%, particularly preferably less than 30%, particularly preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5% of the laser power before the laser beam comes into contact with the particles of the powder jet.
- the proportion of the laser radiation that hits can be larger in order to still ensure a low level of dilution.
- the transmittance of the laser radiation can be adjusted accordingly via the powder density.
- the optimum degree of transmission is also a function of the feed rate.
- austic also known as a focal line or focal surface, describes an area in optics in which light rays are tangents to an arc or a curved surface. The arch delimits the clearance. The intensity increases towards the arc and falls off steeply there.
- the laser beam comprises a focal area whose mean distance from the surface of the component is between 0.25 mm and 20.0 mm, preferably between 0.25 mm and 10.0 mm, more preferably between 0.25 mm and 5. 0 mm, particularly preferably between 0.8 mm and 1.2 mm.
- the focal area is the point of highest energy density. In practice, this is not a discrete point, but an area. Hence the distance counted from the center of the focus area is thus an average distance.
- the specified values for the distance have proven to be advantageous because, on the one hand, with these values, there is enough time for the particles to hit the surface of the component so that the heat introduced at certain points by the laser beam is homogenized via heat equalization processes within the particle and, on the other hand, the entire particle Temperature level has not yet decreased significantly due to heat exchange processes with the environment.
- the values for the extension of this range can vary between different parameter sets for the process parameters.
- the powder jet is fed to the focus area of the laser beam, preferably coaxially.
- the conical configuration of the powder jet can be easily achieved, for example, using a coaxial powder nozzle. It has thus proven to be advantageous if the jet of powder of the filler material is fed to the welding spot coaxially to the laser beam.
- the conical shape of the powder jet has proven to be advantageous.
- the tip of the cone should be as close as possible to the focal point of the laser beam, in particular within the limits mentioned above.
- the powder jet has a powder mass which is greater than lg/1 per total volume delivered, consisting of the delivery gas volume and the particle volume.
- the shielding gas is not included in the balance.
- the specified minimum amount of powder material advantageously limits the transmittance of the laser beam onto the component.
- the powder jet is fed to the laser beam by means of a coaxial nozzle as a conical powder jet, by means of a multi-jet nozzle or by means of a rectangular nozzle.
- the filler material is applied to the surface of the component at a feed rate along the surface of the component between 5 m/min and 1000 m/min, preferably more than 10 m/min, more preferably more than 21 m/min. even more preferably more than 50 m/min, particularly preferably more than 100 m/min, very particularly preferably more than 130 m/min, extremely preferably more than 150 m/min.
- the filler material comprises a nickel-based alloy, a cobalt-based alloy, an iron-based alloy, a titanium-based alloy, a copper-based alloy, an aluminum-based alloy, an iron-based material and/or ceramic or a mixture of the above alloys or consists of.
- the process parameters are selected in such a way that, when using these process parameters with an inactive powder jet and the laser beam with 35% laser power, preferably 50% laser power, particularly preferably 85% laser power, according to the process parameters there is no melting of the surface of the component in the area of the incident laser beam occurs.
- the inactive powder jet refers to a process management in which no powder jet is applied to the surface of the component. In this way, the laser beam can reach the surface of the component with full transmission without shadowing. If this laser beam is directed onto the surface of the component with 50% of its laser power compared to the actual laser deposition welding process, the surface of the component must not melt under these conditions.
- this parameter is determined for successful laser cladding and high application speeds and application rates with simultaneous low heat input into the component and low dilution on the surface of the component can be achieved with the checked parameter set.
- the invention also relates to a laser build-up welding device for producing a melt-metallurgical connection between an at least partially melted filler material and a surface of a component with at least one laser, from which a laser beam directed onto the surface of the component is emitted, and with at least one powder nozzle for generating a Powder jet from the filler material, with the laser beam and powder nozzle being designed and arranged in such a way that the powder jet of particles is fed to the laser beam and the particles in a beam-particle interaction zone at a distance from the surface of the component depending on process parameters in the laser deposition welding process and of grain fraction and material properties of the particles absorb optical energy from the laser beam to be applied to the surface of the component, with the process parameters of Laser deposition welding device are set so that at least a portion of the particles along their trajectory reached by the laser radiation boiling temperature and there is a speed increase at least the portion of the particles in the direction of the surface of the component as a result of a resulting vapor pressure.
- the invention also relates to a component with a surface to which an additional material is applied by melt metallurgy using the laser deposition welding method according to the invention.
- the component according to the invention differs from components according to the prior art, for example, by a particularly small mixing zone between the material of the component and the applied filler material.
- the component to which the additional material is to be applied can be any component that consists of a material that is fundamentally suitable for laser deposition welding. At least the surface of the component to which the filler material is applied must be made of this material. The person skilled in the art knows, for example, suitable materials for this.
- the component can have any suitable geometric shape, provided the surface is designed in such a way that the laser beam and/or the powder jet is able to reach the area of the surface of the component to which the filler material is to be applied.
- Fig.l a schematic representation of a laser deposition welding process after
- Fig.3 a schematic representation of a particle in the beam-particle
- FIG. 2 shows a laser deposition welding method 200 according to the invention for carrying out laser deposition welding, which uses a laser beam 6 directed onto a surface la of a component 1 to melt-metallurgically connect the component 1 with partially melted additional material.
- the filler material is fed here as a powder jet 5 of particles 5a to the laser beam 6, with the particles 5a being in a beam-particle interaction zone at a distance A from the surface la of the component 1, depending on the process parameters P of the laser deposition welding process 200 and on the grain fraction and Material properties of the particles 5a absorb optical energy from the laser beam 6 and are applied to the surface of the component 1 la.
- the powder jet 5 which has a powder mass that can be greater than 1 g/l per conveyed total volume consisting of conveying gas volume and particle volume, is fed coaxially to the focus area 7 of the laser beam 6.
- the powder jet 5 is fed to the laser beam 6 here by means of a coaxial nozzle as a conical powder jet.
- the powder can also be fed in by means of a multi-jet nozzle or by means of a rectangular nozzle.
- the process parameters P are set in such a way that at least a proportion of the particles 5a along their trajectory reaches the boiling temperature S through the laser radiation 6 and the resulting vapor pressure leads to an increase in speed at least of the proportion of the particles 5a in the direction of the surface la of the component 1, where the proportion of particles 5a that have reached the boiling point S can be greater than 2%.
- Such process parameters P to be set can be one or more elements from the group laser power of the laser beam 6, beam guidance of the laser beam 6, size of the focus area 7, relative position of a powder jet focus to the laser beam, preferably to the focus area 7 of the laser beam 6, density of the particles 5a in the powder jet 5, Include speed of the particles 5a in the powder jet 5 before reaching the laser beam 6, preferably the focus area 7 of the laser beam, distance between the laser focus and surface la of the component 1, overlap and feed rate.
- the described increase in the speed of the particles can be so great that a constriction of the powder jet 5 in the direction of the surface of the component is between 2% and 10%, preferably between 3% and 6%, particularly preferably between 4% and 5%, compared to a width of the unilluminated powder jet 5 is effected.
- the proportion of particles 5a that are heated along their trajectory by the laser radiation and that have reached the boiling point S can, according to the invention, be more than 5%, preferably more than 30%, more preferably more than 50%, particularly preferably more than 80% of the particles amount to 5a.
- the surface of the component 1 in an area on which the laser deposition welding is carried out can be heated by the transmitting laser beam 6 itself to a temperature below its melting temperature, with the melted particles 5a with a particle temperature PT greater than the melting point of the component 1 on its surface la induce a temperature above the solidus temperature in the surface la of the component 1 to produce the melt-metallurgical connection.
- the density of the particles 5a in the powder jet 5 can be set in such a way and the laser power and caustic of the laser beam 6 can be dimensioned and aligned with the powder jet 5 in such a way that the laser power impinging on the surface la of the component 1 is less than 85%, preferably less than 50% %, particularly preferably less than 30%, particularly preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5% of the laser power before contact of the laser beam 6 with the particles 5a of the powder jet 5 is.
- the laser beam 6 can include a focal area 7 whose mean distance A from the surface la of the component 1 is between 0.25 mm and 20.0 mm, preferably between 0.25 mm and 10.0 mm, more preferably between 0.25 mm and 5.0 mm, more preferably between 0.8 mm and 1.2 mm.
- the filler material can be applied to the surface la of the component 1 at a feed rate along the surface la of the component 1 between 5 m/min and 1000 m/min, preferably more than 10 m/min, more preferably more than 21 m/min , even more preferably more than 50 m/min, particularly preferably more than 100 m/min, very particularly preferably more than 130 m/min, extremely preferably more than 150 m/min.
- the process parameters P of the laser deposition welding method 200 shown here can be selected according to the invention so that when these process parameters P are used with an inactive powder jet 5 and the laser beam 6 with 35% laser power, preferably 50% laser power, particularly preferably 85% laser power, according to the process parameters P no melting the surface la of the component 1 occurs in the area of the impinging laser beam.
- FIG. 3 shows a particle 5a from the proportion of particles 5a which have reached the boiling temperature S along their trajectory due to the laser radiation 6 and which is located within the beam-particle interaction zone according to FIG.
- a surface of the particle 5a is heated to about 40% of its boiling temperature S.
- the remaining part of the particle 5a has a particle temperature PT lower than the boiling temperature.
- the particle 5a here has an average particle size of >1 ⁇ m, preferably >10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably >30 ⁇ m and/or ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, preferably ⁇ 70 ⁇ m, particularly preferably ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
- the particle 5a of the filler material includes or consists, for example, of a nickel-based alloy, a cobalt-based alloy, an iron-based alloy, a titanium-based alloy, a copper-based alloy, an aluminum-based alloy, an iron-based material and/or ceramic or a mixture of the foregoing alloys.
- FIG. 4 shows a laser deposition welding device 100 according to the invention for producing a melt-metallurgical connection between an at least partially melted filler material and a surface la of a component 1 with at least one laser 110, from which a laser beam 6 directed onto the surface la of the component 1 is emitted, and with at least one powder nozzle 120 for generating a powder jet 5 from the filler material, laser beam 6 and powder nozzle 120 being configured and arranged such that powder jet 5 made up of particles 5a is fed to laser beam 6 and particles 5a are in a jet-particle interaction zone in absorb optical energy from the laser beam 6 at a distance A from the surface la of the component 1 as a function of process parameters P in the laser deposition welding process 200 and of grain fraction and material properties of the particles 5a in order to be applied to the surface la of the component 1.
- the process parameters P of the laser deposition welding device 100 can be set in such a way that at least a portion of the particles 5a along their trajectory reaches the boiling temperature S through the laser radiation 6 and, as a result of a resulting vapor pressure, the speed of at least the portion of the particles 5a increases in the direction of the surface 1a of the Component 1 comes, whereby the component 1 is obtained with a surface la, on which an additional material is applied by means of a laser deposition welding process.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 with regard to the reference numerals that are not shown here. It is also pointed out that the arrangement of laser 110 and powder nozzle 120 shown here is only to be understood as demonstrative and should not imply a specific arrangement/configuration.
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021106316.7A DE102021106316A1 (de) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Extremes Hochgeschwindigkeits-Laserauftragschweißverfahren |
| PCT/EP2022/055800 WO2022194604A1 (de) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-03-08 | EXTREMES HOCHGESCHWINDIGKEITS-LASERAUFTRAGSCHWEIßVERFAHREN |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4308335A1 true EP4308335A1 (de) | 2024-01-24 |
Family
ID=80979078
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22713587.8A Pending EP4308335A1 (de) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-03-08 | EXTREMES HOCHGESCHWINDIGKEITS-LASERAUFTRAGSCHWEIßVERFAHREN |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240157444A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4308335A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2024512442A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20230154322A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021106316A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022194604A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117031873B (zh) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-01-05 | 上海传芯半导体有限公司 | 修复方法及修复装置 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4958058A (en) | 1989-02-08 | 1990-09-18 | General Electric Company | Transverse flow laser spray nozzle |
| US5043548A (en) * | 1989-02-08 | 1991-08-27 | General Electric Company | Axial flow laser plasma spraying |
| US5612099A (en) | 1995-05-23 | 1997-03-18 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Method and apparatus for coating a substrate |
| DE10154093B4 (de) * | 2001-11-02 | 2006-02-02 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung durch einen Pulverwerkstoff mit Hilfe eines Laserstrahls und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE102011100456B4 (de) | 2011-05-04 | 2015-05-07 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Extremes Hochgeschwindigkeitslaserauftragsschweißverfahren |
| DE102017201261A1 (de) * | 2017-01-26 | 2018-07-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Auftragschweißvorrichtung mit magnetischer Beeinflussung und Verfahren zum Auftragschweißen |
-
2021
- 2021-03-16 DE DE102021106316.7A patent/DE102021106316A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-03-08 KR KR1020237034537A patent/KR20230154322A/ko active Pending
- 2022-03-08 WO PCT/EP2022/055800 patent/WO2022194604A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-03-08 JP JP2023556508A patent/JP2024512442A/ja active Pending
- 2022-03-08 US US18/550,654 patent/US20240157444A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-08 EP EP22713587.8A patent/EP4308335A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2024512442A (ja) | 2024-03-19 |
| DE102021106316A1 (de) | 2022-09-22 |
| KR20230154322A (ko) | 2023-11-07 |
| US20240157444A1 (en) | 2024-05-16 |
| WO2022194604A1 (de) | 2022-09-22 |
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