EP4298398A1 - Messsystem für ein fertigungssystem zur in-situ erfassung einer eigenschaft und verfahren - Google Patents
Messsystem für ein fertigungssystem zur in-situ erfassung einer eigenschaft und verfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4298398A1 EP4298398A1 EP22707609.8A EP22707609A EP4298398A1 EP 4298398 A1 EP4298398 A1 EP 4298398A1 EP 22707609 A EP22707609 A EP 22707609A EP 4298398 A1 EP4298398 A1 EP 4298398A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- unit
- property
- camera unit
- plenoptic camera
- measuring system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/37—Process control of powder bed aspects, e.g. density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
- B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/95—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems
- H04N23/957—Light-field or plenoptic cameras or camera modules
Definitions
- the invention relates to a measuring system for a manufacturing system for the in-situ detection of a property, a manufacturing system, a method for the in-situ detection of a property, a use, a data processing system and a computer program.
- Measuring systems for manufacturing systems are known in principle. As a rule, the monitoring of the process conditions and states of
- Manufacturing processes in particular additive manufacturing processes, for example additive manufacturing processes in a powder bed, are not sufficient to record and evaluate them in detail. Due to this insufficient recording, critical process parameters that have a significant influence on the process stability and thus on the resulting production quality cannot be identified, analyzed, monitored and controlled sufficiently or not at all.
- Critical process parameters of powder bed-based additive manufacturing processes are, for example, the powder application, in particular the homogeneity, the evenness and the layer thickness, the powder particle size distribution, thermally induced component deformations, in particular superexposures, irregularities in the joining process as well as disruptive particles and/or foreign particles.
- the monitoring is insufficient with regard to those process variables that are to be detected in an interaction zone between the tool, for example the laser beam, and the workpiece as well as adjacent areas before, during and after the joining process.
- the currently available technical approaches are generally not sufficient. For example, it is possible to measure the topography of the surface with a line camera during a layer-by-layer construction process of the additive manufacturing of a component.
- a line camera mounted on a powder coater captures a two-dimensional image of the surface of the powder bed and the most recently created layer of the component located therein by moving the powder coater, whereby the depth of focus and depth resolution of this image are usually low.
- strip light projection Based on a laser light projection, a stripe pattern is projected onto a building level. By stereo-optically capturing this pattern with at least two cameras in a Scheimpflug configuration, a triangulation for three-dimensional capturing of the topography is realized.
- EP3581884A1 describes a system for monitored additive manufacturing of a component with structured light projection.
- the disadvantages of strip light projection are the comparatively high time required for the measurement, since an independent process step is required for measuring the surface, the high costs, a high level of integration effort due to the optical accessibility in the build chamber, and a large amount of space.
- Another way to measure a surface is to use the shadow measurement method.
- Shadows caused by unevenness in the surface being viewed are optically recorded. From the shape, position and area of the shadows, a calculation is made to draw conclusions about the topography of the surface.
- the disadvantages of this technology are the low and direction-dependent resolution, the lack of the possibility of layer thickness measurement, the lack of information about areas that are in shadowed zones and the indirect character of the information determination.
- Laser triangulation also has several disadvantages. With laser triangulation, the height of the surface is determined by offsetting the back reflection of a laser beam onto the sensor with a fixed emitter-sensor configuration. A disadvantage of laser triangulation is possible shadowing, which can cause insufficient resolution depending on the measurement direction. Furthermore, information losses occur with complex geometries, such as with undercuts.
- Interferometry relates to a punctiform determination of the height of the surface using an interferometer that is optically arranged in the beam path.
- a raster scan is carried out to determine the topography.
- the disadvantage is that raster scanning takes a lot of time, which results in poor profitability.
- This task is solved with a measuring system, a method, a use, a system for data processing and a
- the invention relates to the measuring system for a manufacturing system for the in-situ detection of a property, in particular a surface property of a surface.
- the surface can be a component or workpiece surface, for example.
- the surface can be a process surface, for example a powder bed surface.
- the process surface can be an element and/or substance surface of an element and/or substance in the field of view of the plenoptic camera.
- the surface can also be a combination of the aforementioned surfaces.
- the surface property can be scattered radiation, reflected radiation and/or emitted radiation.
- the scattered radiation can be caused, for example, by the powder of a powder bed surface.
- the reflected radiation is caused in particular by a reflective surface, for example by a component surface or a melt pool.
- the emitted radiation is caused in particular by a temperature.
- the temperature can be caused, for example, by the processing laser and/or by a preheating unit.
- the in-situ detection of the surface property of the surface relates in particular to the detection of the surface property during the use of a manufacturing process. Alternatively, this can also be referred to as process-parallel detection of the surface properties. Parallel to the process means in particular that the surface property can be detected parallel to the main time.
- the measuring system is designed in particular for the in-situ detection of multispectral topographical properties of the surface.
- Multispectral topographic properties of the surface relate to properties that can be detected with different wavelength ranges.
- reflected light, scattered light and emitted light can be detected with the measuring system.
- the microgeometric structure of the surface can be detected with visible light and/or infrared radiation.
- discolorations in the visible wavelength spectrum, in particular in the RGB spectrum, and heat radiation can also be detected with specific wavelength ranges.
- the measurement system includes a plenoptic camera unit.
- a pie-optical camera unit is also referred to as a light field camera.
- the plenoptic camera unit has a field of view that can be aligned with the surface.
- a field of view is generally understood to mean the area in the field of view of an optical device within which events or changes can be detected and/or recorded.
- a pie-optical camera unit is described, for example, in EP2422525B1.
- the measurement system has two or more camera units.
- the two or more pie-optical camera units are preferably movable relative to one another.
- the invention is based on the finding that the measuring system essentially has no delaying influence on the production process, for example on the additive printing process, by detecting the surface property and can in particular be operated parallel to the main time.
- the measuring system can create three-dimensional thermal recordings and/or RGB recordings parallel to the production process.
- only a single camera unit is required to create the topography, so that it is not necessary to calculate the topography based on data from multiple cameras.
- the use of the plenoptic camera unit for the production system results in a large number of new approaches for evaluating the recorded data.
- the data evaluation of the in-situ acquisition enables the determination of temporal and spatial gradients, the monitoring of absolute values, for example in SPC charts, and the monitoring of a joining process as such.
- the latter includes in particular the joining behavior in the sequence of exposure vectors in an additive powder bed process. Every single melt line produced that contributes to the structure of the component is documented and analyzed.
- the preconditions in the powder bed for the production of the melt paths can be recorded. These include, among other things
- weld track as such can be measured, analyzed and interpreted spectrally, for example by means of temper colors of the joined material, and topographically, for example by means of the characteristic shape of the melt track caused by fluctuations in the melt pool, over time.
- the measurement system offers the possibility of quickly capturing the topography of the powder bed surface, especially in the case of the configuration with a plenoptic camera unit arranged on a recoater.
- the recoater is preferably a layer application unit, in particular a powder layer application unit, and/or a layer-applying and/or layer-generating element, in particular a powder layer applying and/or powder layer generating element.
- a plenoptic camera unit mounted off- or on-axis there is a further advantage in capturing the topography of the surface in different wavelength ranges as well as the video character of the recordings.
- a preferred embodiment variant of the measuring system is characterized in that the plenoptic camera unit is designed to be arranged on a production machine.
- the manufacturing machine is preferably an additive manufacturing machine. Furthermore, it is preferred that the plenoptic camera unit is arranged within the production machine. In addition, it is preferred that the plenoptic camera unit can be arranged within a build chamber of the additive manufacturing machine. In order for the plenoptic camera unit to be able to be arranged on a production machine, in particular the aforementioned construction chamber, different properties adapted to the environmental conditions are generally required.
- the plenoptic camera unit is preferably designed to be essentially dust-tight and/or temperature-resistant for arrangement in the production machine. In addition, the plenoptic camera unit is preferably designed in such a way that it withstands low and/or high ambient pressures. In addition, it is preferred that the plenoptic camera unit enables reliable detection of the surface properties with vapor, smoke and/or particles in the field of view.
- the plenoptic camera unit can be arranged in a movable manner.
- the plenoptic camera unit is preferably of such a robust design that the movement essentially does not or only slightly influence the functionality of the plenoptic camera unit.
- a further preferred development of the measurement system is characterized in that the plenoptic camera unit is arranged on a movement unit.
- the moving unit can be a moving unit, for example, which can be moved relative to a workpiece to be machined.
- the relative movement between the traversing unit and the workpiece to be machined or the component to be produced can be achieved by a moving traversing unit and/or be realized by a moving workpiece or component in relation to a reference point of the production machine.
- the movement unit can be a robot, in particular an articulated-arm robot, preferably a robot arm.
- the plenoptic camera unit can be arranged on moving parts of the production machine.
- the movement unit can be a layer application unit, in particular a powder layer application unit, of an additive manufacturing machine.
- the movement unit can be a print head unit and/or a process unit of an additive manufacturing machine.
- it comprises at least one optical element for controlling the field of view of the pie-optical camera unit. Controlling the field of view relates to the shape and/or size of the field of view and/or the orientation of the field of view. Controlling the field of view can also mean controlling a portion of the field of view of the pie-optical camera unit.
- the at least one optical element is designed as mirror and/or deflection kinematics.
- the optical element can be, for example, a protective glass, a mirror, in particular a partially transparent mirror or a splitter mirror, a lens, a prism, a filter and/or a shutter.
- the at least one optical element is arranged to be movable.
- the movably arranged optical element is in particular rotatable and/or movable in translation.
- the plenoptic camera unit comprises at least one lens arrangement with a large number of lenses.
- the lens arrangement can also include lens groups.
- the lens arrangement is preferably in the form of a microlens arrangement.
- the microlens array has a multiplicity of microlenses and/or lens groups comprising microlenses.
- a microlens can, for example, have a diameter of 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, in particular from 100 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the lenses and/or lens groups have the same and/or different depths of field.
- a depth of field is understood to mean, in particular, a measure of the extent of the sharp area in the object space and/or field of view of the plenoptic camera unit.
- the lenses and/or lens groups have the same and/or different focal positions.
- the lenses and/or lens groups are arranged as lines, matrices and/or lens patterns.
- the lens pattern can be, for example, a checkerboard pattern, a line and/or stripe pattern, a periodic geometric pattern, one, two or more concentric circles and/or one, two or more concentric polygons.
- the plenoptic camera unit has at least one sensor unit.
- the sensor unit preferably interacts with the at least one lens arrangement.
- the sensor unit is preferably arranged behind the lens arrangement in the beam direction. A beam entering the plenoptic camera unit thus first impinges on the lens arrangement and then on the sensor unit.
- the sensor unit and the lens arrangement are preferably arranged in such a way that the beam entering the plenoptic camera unit first impinges on the lens arrangement and then on the sensor unit.
- the sensor unit is set up for the simultaneous detection of one, two or more way length ranges.
- This has the particular advantage that different surface properties can be recorded.
- a temperature can be detected by detecting infrared light.
- the detection of a light visible to a human can be used to detect a geometric topography.
- Surface properties are detected with the measuring system by detecting ultraviolet light.
- the sensor unit has two or more sensor areas for the simultaneous detection of two or more wavelength ranges. It is preferred that a first sensor area is designed for detecting a first wavelength range and a second sensor area is designed for detecting a second wavelength range that is different from the first wavelength range,
- Two or more sensor areas can be provided by providing two or more sensor surfaces on the sensor unit. In addition, two or more sensor areas can be realized by segmented areas of one, two or more of these sensor surfaces. It is preferred that the plenoptic camera unit has a higher number of sensor rods than a number of lenses.
- a further preferred embodiment variant of the measuring system comprises a beam splitting unit and/or a beam filter unit for the simultaneous detection of one, two or more wavelength ranges.
- the measuring system include a filter shutter for the simultaneous detection of one, two or more wavelength ranges.
- a further preferred development of the measuring system includes a screen unit with a rotating screen and translucent recesses. The recesses preferably have filters that transmit different wavelength ranges.
- the measuring system comprises an illumination unit for directed and/or non-directed illumination within the field of view of the plenoptic camera, in particular the surface. The undirected illumination can in particular be diffuse.
- the lighting unit for directional illumination is a laser unit, for example.
- a diffuse, undirected illumination results in a uniform illumination of the construction space with reduced shadows. Shadowing and consequently a loss of information can be avoided or reduced as a result.
- the lighting unit for non-directional illumination is, for example, a surface or volume light source, preferably an LED, an OLED, halogen and/or neon tubes, and/or a thermal lighting element.
- a further preferred development of the measuring system comprises a control device which is arranged and designed to receive at least one camera signal from the plenoptic camera unit and to evaluate the property, in particular the surface property of the surface, for detecting it.
- the control device is preferably coupled in terms of signals to the pie-optical camera unit.
- the camera signal is in particular an output signal of the pie-optical camera unit.
- the camera signal can be an input signal for the control device.
- the control device is preferably set up to multispectrally break down the at least one camera signal into one, two or more wavelength ranges.
- the control device is set up to determine thermal and/or spatial changes as a function of time of predetermined areas within the field of view, in particular of predetermined surface areas of the surface, based on the at least one camera signal. An analysis of the time-resolved dynamic behavior is thus possible.
- control device is set up to determine thermal, spatial and/or spectral absolute values based on the at least one camera signal.
- control device is set up, based on the at least one camera signal, to determine thermal, spatial and/or spectral gradients between To determine pixels and/or predefined areas within the field of view, in particular predefined surface areas of the surface.
- control device is set up to determine isolines and/or isarithms based on the at least one camera signal.
- the control device displays the isolines and/or isarithms with a suitable display device, for example a screen.
- the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by the manufacturing system with in-situ detection of a property, in particular a surface property of a surface, preferably multispectral topographical properties of the surface, comprising a manufacturing machine, in particular for additive manufacturing, for example an additive manufacturing machine based on a powder bed method, and a measuring system according to one of the embodiment variants described above, the plenoptical camera unit being arranged to record the property, in particular the surface property.
- the measuring system is preferably coupled to the production machine, in particular mechanically and/or coupled in terms of signals.
- the plenoptic camera unit is arranged on the production machine. It is particularly preferred that the plenoptic camera unit is arranged within the production machine. In addition, it can be preferred that the plenoptic camera unit is arranged within a build chamber of the manufacturing machine, in particular the additive manufacturing machine. Furthermore, it can be preferred that the plenoptic camera unit is arranged on a movement unit.
- the movement unit can be a separate displacement unit, a separate robot, in particular a robot arm, a machine-internal layer application unit, and/or a machine-internal print head and/or process unit.
- the plenoptical camera unit is optically equipped with at least is coupled to an optical system of a processing laser.
- Additive manufacturing machines in particular, for example powder bed-based additive manufacturing machines, usually have a processing laser.
- processing lasers usually have an optical system to align the laser beam in a predefined area of the surface.
- This optical system can be used for the plenoptic camera unit for in-situ detection of the surface property of the surface.
- the use of the optical system of the processing laser is particularly preferred when the exposure area of the laser on the surface and the adjacent areas are to be captured by the plenoptical camera unit.
- the production system comprises at least one optical element for controlling the field of view of the plenoptic camera unit.
- an optical element can be provided in addition to the optical system of the processing laser, in particular if the optical system of the processing laser is not intended to be used by the plenoptical camera unit, or not at all times.
- the optical element is preferably mirror and/or deflection kinematics.
- the field of view of the plenoptic camera unit can essentially be oriented arbitrarily on the surface, so that different surface areas can be recorded with the plenoptic camera unit.
- this comprises a build-up welding unit, in particular a build-up welding head, with a material feed line, with the plenoptic camera being arranged and designed in such a way as to monitor a material emerging from the material feed line and/or a trace of melting and /or to analyze.
- the material feed line is preferably designed for powdery and/or wirelike material.
- the build-up welding unit can be the moving unit.
- the build-up welding unit is or preferably includes a laser build-up welding unit with a laser unit.
- the plenoptic The camera unit is preferably arranged and designed in such a way that it monitors and/or analyzes a melting process of the material using a laser beam from a laser unit.
- the plenoptic camera unit is coupled to an optical system of the laser unit, a mirror being used, for example, which is translucent for a laser beam and reflective for the field of view of the plenoptic camera unit.
- the build-up welding unit is preferably or comprises a welding unit, in particular a welding torch.
- the manufacturing system preferably includes an application unit that has a binder source.
- this includes a print head for a binder jetting method.
- the printhead is preferably the moving unit.
- the print head preferably has dispensing units, in particular nozzles, for dispensing a binder,
- the plenoptic camera unit is preferably arranged on the print head.
- the plenoptical camera unit is preferably arranged in such a way that it monitors a binder application, in particular a droplet fall, an entry and/or a wetting of a powder layer and/or the delivery units, in particular a blockage of the delivery units.
- the plenoptic camera unit arranged on the print head preferably interacts with one, two or more optical elements, in particular mirrors.
- the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by the method for in-situ detection of a property, in particular a surface property of a surface, preferably multispectral topographical properties of the surface, comprising the steps of: controlling a plenoptical camera unit for plenoptical detection of the property, in particular the Surface property, and/or control of a measuring system according to one of the embodiment variants described above, generation of a camera signal characterizing the property, in particular the surface property, on the basis of the plenoptical detection, and evaluation of the camera signal.
- the method is preferably at least in part a computer-implemented method.
- the method preferably includes the step: providing a manufacturing system according to one of the embodiment variants described above.
- the evaluation of the camera signal can include or be, for example, the multispectral decomposition of the camera signal into one, two or more wavelength ranges.
- the evaluation can be the determination of thermal and/or spatial changes as a function of time in predetermined surface areas of the surface.
- thermal, spatial and/or spectral absolute values can be determined.
- the evaluation can include the determination of thermal, spatial and/or spectral gradients between pixels and/or predefined surface areas of the surface.
- isolines and/or isarithms can be determined.
- the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by using a plenoptic camera unit for in-situ recording of a surface property of a surface, preferably of multispectral topographical properties of the surface.
- the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a system for data processing, comprising means for carrying out the steps of the method described above.
- the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a computer program product, comprising instructions which, when the computer program is executed by a computer, cause the latter to execute the method described above.
- FIG. 1 a schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a measuring system
- FIG. 2 a further schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a measuring system
- FIG. 3 a further schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a measuring system
- FIG. 4 a further schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a measuring system
- FIG. 5 a further schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a measuring system
- FIG. 6 a further schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a measuring system
- FIG. 1 another schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a measuring system
- FIG. 8 a schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a manufacturing system
- FIG. 9 a further schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a manufacturing system
- FIG. 10 a schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a plenoptic camera unit.
- FIG. 11 a schematic method.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a measuring system 1 for a manufacturing system 100 for in-situ detection of a surface property of a surface 82, which is also designed for in-situ detection of multispectral topographical properties of the surface 82.
- the surface 82 shown in FIG. 1 is a process surface, namely a powder bed surface. A section of the powder bed surface located above the component 80 is exposed after production with a laser, so that a further component layer is produced. The state after exposure is shown in FIG. There, the surface 82 is a combination of a process surface and a component surface.
- the measurement system 1 includes a pie-optical camera unit 2 with a field of view 4 that can be aligned with the surface 82 .
- the surface 82 is a powder surface under which a component 80 is located.
- the pie-optical camera unit 2 is arranged on the production machine 102 inside the construction chamber 104 .
- the measuring system 1 shown in FIG. 2 comprises a camera arrangement 5 which, in addition to the plenoptic camera unit 2 described above, has a further, second pieoptic camera unit 8 with a second field of view 8 .
- the measuring system 1 can also have three or more pie-optical camera units 2, 8.
- the arrow next to the pie-optical camera units 2, 6 shows that the pie-optical camera units 2, 8 are movably arranged.
- the pie-optical camera units provided with the reference symbols 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d are intended in particular to represent alternative positions for pie-optical camera units.
- the pie-optical camera units 2, 8 can thus be arranged in the positions 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d.
- the displacement unit 16 and the articulated robot 20 usually represent alternative solutions, but they can also be combined in one Manufacturing machine are used.
- the displacement unit 16 and/or the articulated-arm robot 20 can be arranged inside the construction chamber 104 and/or outside of the construction chamber 104 .
- the traversing unit 18 can be a traversing unit specially provided for the plenoptic camera units 2, 6 or a print head unit and/or
- the displacement unit 16 can be moved in the direction of movement 18.
- the displacement unit 18 can also be moved orthogonally to the direction of movement 18, so that any direction of movement, for example at an angle. are realizable. It is preferred that the displacement unit 18 can be moved in all spatial directions.
- the articulated-arm robot 20 as a movement unit has a further plenoptic camera unit 12 at one end.
- a layer application unit 22 is movably arranged within the build chamber 104 .
- the layer application unit 22 is a movement unit.
- the layer application unit 22 can be moved in the movement direction 24 .
- the layer application unit 22 can also be moved in a direction oriented perpendicularly and/or obliquely, in particular when using a round construction plane, to the direction of movement 24.
- the measuring system 1 shown in Figure 5 comprises the plenoptic camera unit 2 and a plurality of optical elements 26, 28 , 30, 32 for controlling the field of view 4 of the plenoptical camera unit 2.
- the field of view 4 of the plenoptical camera unit 2 is directed onto optical elements 26, 28 designed as mirrors.
- the field of view 4 is passed on by the optical elements 26, 28 in the direction of the optical elements 30, 32, so that fields of view 34, 38 directed onto the surface 82 arise.
- This embodiment variant has the advantage that the field of view 4 can be controlled by means of the optical elements 28, 28, 30, 32 and thus the movement of the plenoptic camera unit 2 can be reduced.
- the field of view 4 can be specifically adapted, as can be seen from the field of view 38, for example.
- FIG. 6 shows that the plenoptical camera units 2, 8 are optically coupled to an optical system 44, 48 of a processing laser 40. Of the Laser beam 42 of the processing laser 40 passes the optical deflection element 44 and is deflected by the optical deflection element 46 towards the optical elements 26 ⁇ 32 and then strikes the surface 82.
- the optical deflection elements 44, 46 are also used for the fields of view of the plenoptic camera units 2, 6 used, so that they also impinge on the component surface 82.
- the optical deflection elements 44, 46 are designed as splitter mirrors.
- the optical deflection elements 44, 46 are designed to transmit the laser beam 42 and to reflect the beams emitted by the pie-optical camera units.
- the optical elements 26, 28 are also arranged to be movable, in this case rotatable.
- FIG. 6 can also be implemented without using the optical system of the processing laser 40 by providing the optical elements 48, 50 as separate optical elements for the measuring system 1 and having the functionality described above.
- FIG. 7 shows a further variant of the measuring system 1, two light sources 52, 56 being provided in order to illuminate the surface 82.
- the light source 52 has directed light beams 54 .
- the light source 56 has diffuse, undirected light beams 58.
- the measuring system 1 can have one, two or more light sources 52, 56 of the same and/or different design.
- the arrangement of the light sources 52, 56 inside and/or outside of the build chamber 104 is arbitrary. For example, these can have the positions 2a-d shown in FIG.
- the light sources 52, 56 can also be ring-shaped, with such a light source preferably being able to be arranged around a laser beam and/or a laser unit.
- Figure 8 shows a manufacturing system 100 with a manufacturing machine 102 and a build chamber 104.
- the manufacturing machine 102 includes a
- Laser deposition welding head 106 with a laser source 108 and a material feed 112 for feeding material into a process area.
- the process area is within the field of view 4 of the plenoptic camera unit 2 of the measuring system 1, so that the process area can be monitored.
- the plenoptic camera unit 4 can be arranged in the position 2e.
- the field of view of the plenoptic camera unit 4 is deflected into the process area via a splitter mirror 110, so that the area surrounding the laser beam 42 can be monitored.
- FIG. 9 shows a production system 100 for carrying out a binder jetting method.
- the manufacturing system 100 includes a printhead 114 having binder nozzles 116 for dispensing a binder in droplet form.
- the component 80 is a green ring which is essentially located within the powder bed 81 .
- the droplet fall of the binder, the wetting of the powder particles or the powder layer and the binder nozzles 116 can be monitored with the plenoptic camera unit 4 .
- the plenoptic camera unit 4 can also be arranged at position 2f or at position 2g. A plenoptic camera unit 4 located at position 2f interacts with the optical elements 118, 120 to monitor the process.
- FIG. 10 shows an exemplary embodiment of a plenoptic camera unit 2 .
- the plenoptic camera unit 2 has a main lens 60 .
- the plenoptic camera unit 2 has a virtual image plane 62 , a microlens arrangement 64 and a sensor unit 66 .
- the plenoptic camera unit 2 is coupled to a control device 68 .
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic method for in-situ detection of a surface property of a surface, preferably multispectral topographical properties of the surface.
- a plenoptical camera unit 2, 6 for the plenoptical detection of the surface 82 is controlled.
- a measuring system 1 described above is preferably controlled.
- a camera signal characterizing the surface property is generated on the basis of the plenoptical detection, in step 204 the camera signal is evaluated.
- plenoptic camera unit 8 field of view 10
- optical element 24 direction of movement 26 optical element 28 optical element 30 optical element 32 optical element
- processing lasers 42 laser beam 44 optical deflection element 46 optical deflection element 48 optical element 50 optical element
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021104440.5A DE102021104440A1 (de) | 2021-02-24 | 2021-02-24 | Messsystem für ein Fertigungssystem zur in-situ Erfassung einer Eigenschaft und Verfahren |
| PCT/DE2022/100141 WO2022179663A1 (de) | 2021-02-24 | 2022-02-22 | Messsystem für ein fertigungssystem zur in-situ erfassung einer eigenschaft und verfahren |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4298398A1 true EP4298398A1 (de) | 2024-01-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22707609.8A Pending EP4298398A1 (de) | 2021-02-24 | 2022-02-22 | Messsystem für ein fertigungssystem zur in-situ erfassung einer eigenschaft und verfahren |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4298398A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021104440A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022179663A1 (de) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022122283A1 (de) * | 2022-09-02 | 2024-03-07 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verfahren zur additiven Herstellung eines Bauteils, Steuerungssystem zum Steuern eines Verfahrens zur additiven Herstellung eines Bauteils und Herstellungssystem |
| DE102023121469A1 (de) * | 2023-08-10 | 2025-02-13 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Verfahren zum prüfen eines bauteils für eine strömungsmaschine |
| DE102023208610A1 (de) * | 2023-09-06 | 2025-03-06 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Prüfanordnung zur optischen Prüfung eines Bauteils sowie Verfahren zum Prüfen eines Bauteils |
| DE102023130787A1 (de) * | 2023-11-07 | 2025-05-08 | TRUMPF Laser- und Systemtechnik SE | Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Pulvermaterialschicht einer Fertigungsvorrichtung, sowie eine Fertigungsvorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2244484B1 (de) | 2009-04-22 | 2012-03-28 | Raytrix GmbH | Digitales Bildgebungsverfahren zum Synthetisieren eines Bildes unter Verwendung der mit einer plenoptischen Kamera aufgezeichneten Daten |
| WO2016036364A1 (en) | 2014-09-03 | 2016-03-10 | Apple Inc. | Plenoptic cameras in manufacturing systems |
| DE102015201823B4 (de) | 2015-02-03 | 2020-11-05 | Dioptic Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur automatisierten Klassifizierung der Güte von Werkstücken |
| EP3159081B1 (de) | 2015-10-21 | 2023-12-06 | Nikon SLM Solutions AG | Anordnung zum auftragen von pulver mit zwei kameras |
| DE102016200369A1 (de) | 2016-01-14 | 2017-07-20 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Einrichtung zur optischen Prüfung der Oberfläche eines Objekts |
| US11115573B2 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2021-09-07 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of Nasa | Hyperspectral plenoptic camera |
| US10417779B2 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2019-09-17 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of Nasa | Methods and systems for processing plenoptic images |
| EP3581884B1 (de) | 2018-06-15 | 2025-08-27 | Hexagon Technology Center GmbH | Additive fertigung mit optischer prozessüberwachung |
| EP3698947A1 (de) | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Überwachung und prozessregelung einer additiven fertigung eines werkstücks |
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2021
- 2021-02-24 DE DE102021104440.5A patent/DE102021104440A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-02-22 EP EP22707609.8A patent/EP4298398A1/de active Pending
- 2022-02-22 WO PCT/DE2022/100141 patent/WO2022179663A1/de not_active Ceased
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| DE102021104440A1 (de) | 2022-08-25 |
| WO2022179663A1 (de) | 2022-09-01 |
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