EP4288275A1 - Procede de preparation de pieces composites a fort degre de consolidation - Google Patents
Procede de preparation de pieces composites a fort degre de consolidationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4288275A1 EP4288275A1 EP22708585.9A EP22708585A EP4288275A1 EP 4288275 A1 EP4288275 A1 EP 4288275A1 EP 22708585 A EP22708585 A EP 22708585A EP 4288275 A1 EP4288275 A1 EP 4288275A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- heating
- support
- impregnated
- fibrous materials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/38—Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
- B29C70/386—Automated tape laying [ATL]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
- B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
- B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
- B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
- B29B15/125—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex by dipping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/002—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/32—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
- B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
- B29K2105/0872—Prepregs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/004—Semi-crystalline
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/52—Sports equipment ; Games; Articles for amusement; Toys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
- B29L2031/7154—Barrels, drums, tuns, vats
- B29L2031/7156—Pressure vessels
Definitions
- This patent application relates to a process for preparing composite parts with a high degree of consolidation and the composite parts as such.
- thermoplastic tape or tape
- thermoplastic composite The manufacturing quality of a thermoplastic composite and its performance/cost ratio are dependent on many criteria.
- thermoplastic impregnated strips there are criteria linked to the material health of the material (quality of impregnation, system control of the dimensional parameters, etc.) as well as to its nature (type of fibres, type of resin, reinforcement rate, etc.).
- thermoplastic polymer such as international applications WO 2018/234436, WO 2018/234439 or WO 2018/234434.
- Robots come to unwind and place pre-impregnated strips in very precise places by means of a robotic system.
- the latter generally comes in the form of a robotic and multiaxial arm at the end of which is fixed a dispensing head within which the pre-impregnated strips pass.
- the head is used to guide these strips but also to cut them when the robot changes trajectory during the manufacture of the part.
- It also generally includes a gripper roller for applying pressure to the strip during its removal.
- it is equipped with one or more heating means making it possible to heat the impregnated strip in order to melt the polymer which it contains and thus making it possible to make it adhere to the strip or the support on which it is deposited.
- heating means can be used on this laying head: Laser, Light Emitting Diode or LED, Ultra Violet (UV), hot air source, infrared (IR) etc... They heat the sheet during laying and sometimes they also slightly heat the support on which the strips are deposited to facilitate adhesion and improve the quality of the deposited composite.
- UV Ultra Violet
- IR infrared
- the term “cold lower layer” is understood to mean a layer which is only superficially heated on the surface by the robot's laying head, at the time of welding and which cools very rapidly after the passage of the robot's laying head. Poor consolidation in these removal steps is generally detrimental to the final properties of the composite, particularly in terms of mechanical performance.
- the final stage of the composite production system is its consolidation. It can take place after the tape removal step (autoclave, heating press, consolidation in an oven, under vacuum, etc.). But it can also take place during the removal of the strips; it is online or in-situ consolidation.
- said method defined above is also excluding the following three systems when only three heating systems are present: a system for preheating (1) said strip of impregnated fibrous materials before depositing said strip on said support, a system for heating said web of fibrous materials impregnated on its internal face (2) at the point of contact of said web with said support and a system for heating said web of fibrous materials impregnated on its external face (3 ) at the point of contact of said strip with said support.
- said method defined above is characterized by a main heating system chosen from the following two systems: a preheating system (1) of said strip of impregnated fibrous materials before depositing said strip on said support and a system for heating said strip of fibrous materials impregnated on its internal face (2) at the point of contact of said strip with said support, in association with at least one secondary heating system chosen from among the following three: a post-heating system (4) of said strip n of fibrous materials impregnated after depositing said strip n on said support, a heating system (5) of said support, and a system for preheating strip n-1 of impregnated fibrous material (6) previously deposited before depositing said strip n of fibrous material, or two main heating systems (1) and (2) optionally associated with at least one of three secondary systems (4), (5) and (6), said support being devoid beforehand of any strip deposited or comprising at least one n-1 strip of said fibrous material impregnated with a thermoplastic polymer deposited beforehand.
- a main heating system chosen from the
- a system for heating said strip of fibrous material impregnated on its internal face (2) at the point of contact of said strip with said support therefore means that said strip of impregnated fibrous material to be deposited is heated on its internal face at the point of contact of said strip with said support.
- a system for heating said strip of fibrous materials impregnated on its external face (3) at the point of contact of said strip with said support therefore means that said strip of impregnated fibrous materials to be deposited is heated on its external face at the point of contact of said strip with said support.
- thermoplastic polymer or tape may be used and designate the same thing.
- the bands can be deposited according to one of the methods of the prior art described above.
- the removal can in particular be carried out with a removal head and/or a guide.
- support designates any base on which the strips n are successively deposited.
- the support When a first strip is deposited on said support, the support is bare, that is to say devoid of any material other than the material constituting said support. After deposition of a first strip, it can completely cover the total surface of the support.
- a strip deposited on said bare support or on a previous strip already deposited has an inner face and an outer face, the inner face being in contact with said support or the outer face of the previous strip already deposited.
- the next band n deposited by the method of the invention covers the band n-1 previously deposited and so on.
- the following strip n deposited by the method of the invention does not overlap and is not joined to the strip n-1 previously deposited on the support, this is the case until the other end of the support and therefore several strips on a single strip thickness partially cover the support.
- the following bands will be deposited on the first series of bands (the several bands on a single thickness of band) either in the same way or in a “cross” way above the first series.
- planar shape examples are square, rectangular planar shape.
- a 2.5 D shape means a deviation from the planar shape, locally or globally, such as a shell with a curvature for example, whose dimensions in the 3rd dimension are much smaller than the dimensions in the other two dimensions.
- the support When it is flat in shape, the support can be fixed or rotatable, in particular fixed.
- the axis of rotation is not in the plane of the support and the head for laying the strip which allows the contacting of the strip and the support is driven by a translational movement in the support plane.
- the tape laying head which allows the contact between the tape and the support is moved in 3 dimensions.
- the support can be equipped with a secondary heating system (5).
- FIG. 1 An example of a heating system (5) on a fixed plane support, without being limited thereto, is presented in FIG.
- cylindrical shape is meant a cylinder which is a ruled surface whose generatrices are parallel, that is to say a surface in space made up of parallel straight lines.
- the support When it is cylindrical, the support can be simultaneously in rotation and in translation along the axis of the cylinder while the tape laying head which allows the contact between the tape and the support is fixed.
- the support when the support is cylindrical, the support can be rotated along the axis of the cylinder, while the tape laying head which allows the contacting of the tape and the support is driven in a translational movement. parallel to the axis of the tube.
- the support can be made of any material provided that it resists the heat of the various heating means and the heat of the strip itself, as well as the pressure forces exerted during the removal of the strips.
- the support may be a thermoplastic or thermoset material or a metallic material or a ceramic material or a combination of these materials, provided that said aforementioned conditions are met.
- a method comprising a step of depositing at least one strip of fibrous material impregnated with a thermoplastic polymer on a support, by means of at least two heating systems chosen from five systems individuals allowed:
- thermoplastic polymer or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers at least one of which has a high glass transition temperature by perfectly controlling the thermal deposit of the bands by varying the heating power of the band according to the laying speed; thus making it possible to have a strip which has an equivalent temperature at any point of the composite part at the time of its removal, whatever the shape of this part and by perfectly controlling the thermal of the strips already deposited or to be deposited by adding other means of heating the part being removed.
- thermoplastic polymer or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers, at least one of which has a high glass transition temperature and having low porosity with or without post-consolidation of this part.
- thermoplastic polymer or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers, at least one of which has a high glass transition temperature by perfectly controlling the thermal deposit of the bands in the sense that only the amount of calories needed by the band is provided with limited thermal degradation of the thermoplastic polymer.
- thermoplastic polymer or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers at least one of which has a high glass transition temperature by perfectly controlling the pressure for depositing the tapes to avoid in particular the deconsolidation of these tapes by means for example of a heating pressure roller whose pressure applied to the tape is controlled.
- thermoplastic polymer or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers at least one of which has a high glass transition temperature and having very slow crystallization kinetics to optimize the adhesion between two successive folds deposited and comprising a heating device also making it possible to optimize the crystallization of the resin after deposition.
- thermoplastic polymer or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers, at least one of which has a high glass transition temperature and having a low initial viscosity to optimize adhesion between two successive folds deposited.
- thermoplastic polymer or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers at least one of which has a high glass transition temperature, which are used in fields requiring high performance, particularly mechanical, such as automotive or aeronautical structural parts, gas storage tanks (hydrogen, nitrogen, etc.), sports and leisure, transport in general, etc.
- fibrous material means an assembly of individual reinforcing fibers. After impregnation with the thermoplastic polymer (the resin), it comes in the form of a single band or ribbon.
- unitary band or ribbon means a strip which is a semi-finished product of low thickness, uncalibrated in width and thickness, and composed of a single roving of fibers, or a thin tape composed of one or more rovings of fibers. , calibrated in thickness and width, or a tape calibrated in thickness and width and whose thickness is greater than 100 ⁇ m. These tapes can also be obtained after an optional step of longitudinal cutting, otherwise known as slitting, of an initially wider tape.
- each strip of each layer of strip adhering at least partially with a band from the lower band layer.
- all the strips deposited have the same thickness, except for the manufacturing tolerance.
- the strips deposited have a thickness less than or equal to 300 ⁇ m, more advantageously less than 250 ⁇ m.
- the tape or band has a thickness less than or equal to 150 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
- Figure 1 shows an example of different heating systems mentioned above on a support without being limited thereto.
- Said at least one heating system can be chosen from a heat transfer fluid, direct current, a heating cartridge, induction heating, a heating pressure roller, a light-emitting diode (LED), an infrared (IR), a source of UV, hot air and a laser.
- a heat transfer fluid direct current
- a heating cartridge induction heating
- a heating pressure roller a heating pressure roller
- a light-emitting diode LED
- IR infrared
- source of UV hot air and a laser.
- said at least one heating system can be chosen from " therefore means that one or more of the heating systems of the process defined above can be chosen from the energy sources defined above , defined above, i.e. heating by conduction (heat transfer fluid, heating cartridge, heating pressure roller), by induction, by radiation (light-emitting diode or IR or UV lamp or laser) or by convection (hot air) .
- conduction heat transfer fluid, heating cartridge, heating pressure roller
- induction by radiation (light-emitting diode or IR or UV lamp or laser) or by convection (hot air) .
- said heating systems present are all infrared systems.
- said heating systems present are all infrared systems with the exception of the heating system (5) of said support which can also be chosen from a heat transfer fluid, direct current, a heating cartridge and induction heating.
- the step of depositing at least one strip of fibrous material impregnated with a thermoplastic polymer on a support is carried out by means of a main heating system chosen from the following two systems: a preheating system (1) of said strip of impregnated fibrous material before depositing said strip on said support and a system for heating said strip of fibrous material impregnated on its internal face (2) at the point of contact of said strip with said support, in association with at least a secondary heating system chosen from among the following four: a heating system for said strip of fibrous materials impregnated on its outer face (3) at the point of contact of said strip with said support, a post-heating system (4) for said strip n of impregnated fibrous materials after laying said strip n on said support, a heating system (5) of said support, and a system for preheating
- the preheating system (1) of said strip of impregnated fibrous materials before depositing said strip on said support, or the heating system (2) which makes it possible to heat both the deposited strip and the strip to be deposited just before its removal on the previous one, are used one or the other in association with at least one of the heaters (3), (4), (5) or (6),
- the heating system (1) makes it possible to preheat the strip before removal and to bring the thermoplastic polymer of this strip during removal to a temperature close to its melting point if it is semi-crystalline but in any case higher than the Tm, in particular at a temperature at - beyond the end of melting of the thermoplastic polymer otherwise called melting endset and denoted Tf in dset, in particular at Tf in dset + 10°C or close to its Tg if it is amorphous but in any event greater than the Tg, in particular at a temperature Tg+100°C, in particular greater than 150C.
- the temperature Tf in dset corresponds to the temperature at which the endothermic melting peak joins the baseline (and therefore at the end of melting) as opposed to the temperature Tfonset (or Tf im as defined in standard 11357-3: 2013) which corresponds to the temperature at which the endothermic melting peak “takes off” from the baseline.
- the heating system (2) makes it possible to preheat the strip before depositing and to bring the thermoplastic polymer of this strip, being deposited and of the strip on which it is deposited, to a temperature close to its melting point.
- it is semi-crystalline but in any case higher than Tf, in particular at a temperature beyond the end of melting of the thermoplastic polymer otherwise called melting endset and denoted Tf in dset, in particular at Tf in dset + 10°C or close to its Tg if it is amorphous but in any event higher than the Tg, in particular at a temperature Tg +100°C, in particular higher than 150°C.
- (1) makes it possible to preheat the strip before removal and to bring the thermoplastic polymer of this strip during removal to a temperature close to its melting point s 'it is semi-crystalline but in any case higher than Tf, in particular at a temperature beyond the end of melting of the thermoplastic polymer otherwise called melting endset and denoted Tf in dset, in particular at Tf in dset + 10°C or close to its Tg if it is amorphous but in any event higher than the Tg, in particular at a temperature Tg + 100°C, in particular higher than 150°C and (2) aims to maintain the thermoplastic polymer of said strip at a temperature close to its crystallization temperature, Te, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to standard 11357-3:2013 if it is semi-crystalline but in any case between Te - 60°C and Te + 20°C, preferably between Te - 20°C and Te + 10°C in particular at a temperature equal to Te or close to
- Te - 60°C” or “Te -20°C” means a temperature having a value of that of Te at which 60°C or 20°C are subtracted and the expression “Te + 20°C” or “Te + 10°C” means a temperature having a value of that of Te to which 20°C or 10°C are added.
- the two systems (1) and (2) can be associated if necessary with at least one secondary heating system chosen from among the systems (3), (4), (5) and (6).
- thermoplastic polymer when it is semi-crystalline can then have a crystallinity rate close to 0.
- the degree of crystallinity of a semi-crystalline polymer can be determined by DSC by determining the enthalpy of fusion and comparing the enthalpy of fusion obtained with that of the same semi-crystalline polymer having a crystallinity of 100%.
- the preheating system (1) can be an IR, light-emitting diode (LED), hot air, ultraviolet (UV), nitrogen torch (N2) or laser heating system.
- LED light-emitting diode
- UV ultraviolet
- N2 nitrogen torch
- the preheating system (1) is an IR heating system.
- the preheating system (2) can be an IR, light-emitting diode (LED), hot air, ultraviolet (UV), nitrogen torch (N2) or laser heating system.
- LED light-emitting diode
- UV ultraviolet
- N2 nitrogen torch
- the heating system (2) is an IR heating system.
- the heating system (3) makes it possible to heat the strip being deposited to a temperature close to the crystallization temperature of the resin, just after its deposit on the previous one and to help perfect the contact between the strip deposited on the above, which promotes a good quality weld between the two layers.
- the heating system (4) is a system for post-heating said strip n of impregnated fibrous materials after depositing said strip n on said support, which helps the crystallization of the resin by maintaining the strip n, after depositing and welding on the n-1 band, at a temperature close to the crystallization temperature of the resin.
- the heating system (5) of said support as well as the preheating system (6) of the strip n-1 of impregnated fibrous material previously deposited before depositing said strip n of fibrous material both promote the quality of the weld of the strip n on strip n-1 by maintaining the temperature or by heating the surface on which strip n is going to be deposited at a temperature close to the crystallization temperature of the resin.
- These two heating means (5) and (6) can also help promote the crystallization of the resin
- the heaters (3), (4), (5) and (6) aim to maintain the thermoplastic polymer of said strip at a temperature close to its crystallization temperature, Te, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to the standard 1 1357-3: 2013 if it is semi-crystalline but in any case between Te - 60 ° C and Te + 20 C, preferably between Te - 20 ° C and Te + 10 ° C in particular ® at a temperature equal to Te or close to its Tg if it is amorphous but in any event lower than the Tg, in particular at a temperature equal to Tg - 10°Q preferably Tg - 20°C
- the heaters (3), (4), (5) and (6) are necessarily used in association with at least one of the heaters (1) or (2) but are optional when the two heating systems (1) and (2) are present.
- the preheating system (3) can be an IR, light emitting diode (LED), hot air, ultra-violet (UV), nitrogen (N2) or laser torch heating system or a heating pressure roller system .
- LED light emitting diode
- UV ultra-violet
- N2 nitrogen
- laser torch heating system or a heating pressure roller system .
- the temperature of the heated pressure roller can be regulated (heating cartridges, integrated cooling system, etc.) to avoid cooling or overheating the strip in contact with it.
- the pressure applied can also be controlled by managing the mechanical tension applied when laying the strip (braking system on the creel associated with the robot or other).
- the heating system (3) is an IR heating system
- the degree of crystallinity of the thermoplastic polymer in the strip after deposition of the latter is greater than 5%, in particular greater than 10%, preferentially greater than 15%;
- the heating system (5) of the support can be carried out by a heat transfer fluid or a direct current circulating in the support or a heating cartridge.
- the temperature of the heat transfer fluid can be regulated by techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- the power of the direct current makes it possible to regulate the temperature.
- the temperature of the heating cartridge can be regulated by a conventional PID system, in particular by a temperature probe.
- the heating system (2) heats up so as to maintain the thermoplastic polymer of the strip being deposited at a temperature close to its melting point s it is semi-crystalline but in any case higher than the Tf in dset, in particular at a temperature Tf in dset + 10°C or close to its Tg if it is amorphous, in particular at a temperature Tg 100° C during removal.
- the preheating system (6) can be an IR, light-emitting diode (LED), hot air, ultraviolet (UV), nitrogen torch (N2) or laser heating system.
- LED light-emitting diode
- UV ultraviolet
- N2 nitrogen torch
- the preheating system (6) is an IR heating system
- At least one of the heating systems is chosen from among a preheating system (1), a heating system (3) and a heating system (2).
- at least one other heating system is chosen from among a post-heating system (4), a heating system (5) and a preheating system (6) and in particular the temperature of said at at least one other heating system (5) and (6) is between Te - 60°C and Te + 20°C and the temperature of said at least one other heating system (6) is less than Tf and in particular equal to Tm - 10°C.
- the degree of crystallinity of the thermoplastic polymer in the strip after depositing the latter is greater than 5%, in particular greater than 10%, preferentially greater than at 15%.
- a heating system (3) is also present, said heating system (3) being a heating pressure roller.
- two heating systems are present, one being a heating system (2) and the other a heating system (5), a laser heating system being excluded from said heating system ( 2) and in particular the temperature of said at least one other heating system (5) is between Te - 60 ° C to Te + 20 ° C, preferably between Te - 20 ° C and Te + 10 ° C in particular ® at a temperature equal to Te.
- said heating system (3) is a heated pressure roller.
- two heating systems are present, namely a heating system (3), in particular by heating pressure roller and a post-heating system (4), in particular by IR are present and in particular the temperature of said heating system (4) is between Te - 60°C and Te + 20°C, preferably between Tc - 20°C and Tc + 10°C, in particular at a temperature equal to Te,
- two heating systems are present, namely a heating system (3), in particular by heating pressure roller and a preheating system (6), in particular by IR are present and in particular the temperature of said preheating system (6) is in any event lower than Tf, in particular at a temperature equal to Tf - 10°C.
- three heating systems are present, namely a preheating system (1), in particular by IR, a preheating system (6), in particular by IR and a heating system (3 ), in particular by heating pressure roller are present and in particular the temperature of said preheating system (6) is in any case lower than the Tf, in particular at a temperature equal to Tf - 10°C.
- a heating system (2) in particular by laser
- a post-heating system (4) in particular by IR
- a preheating system (6) in particular by IR
- a heating system (5) of the support are present and in particular the temperature of said heating system (4), of said heating system (5) is comprised from Te - 60°C to Te + 20°C, preferably between Tc - 20°C and Tc + 10°C in particular at a temperature equal to Te and that of said heating system (6) is in any case lower than the Tf, in particular at a temperature equal to Tf - 10 0 C.
- heating systems are present, namely a heating system (2), in particular by laser, a post-heating system (4), in particular by IR, a preheating system ( 6), in particular by IR and a heating system (3) by heating pressure roller are present and in particular the temperature of said heating system (4) is comprised from Te - 60°C to Te + 20°C, preferably understood between Tc - 20°C and Tc + 10°C in particular at a temperature equal to Te, and that of said heating system (6) is in any case lower than the Tf, in particular at a temperature equal to Tf - 10 °C.
- non-reactive thermoplastic polymer means that the molecular weight is no longer likely to change significantly, that is to say that its molecular mass in number (Mn) changes by less than 25% when it is placed implemented and therefore corresponds to the final polyamide polymer of the thermoplastic matrix.
- Mn masses can also be determined by size exclusion chromatography or by NMR.
- said polyamide is chosen from aliphatic polyamides, cycloaliphatic polyamides and semi-aromatic polyamides (polyphthalamides).
- said aliphatic polyamide prepolymer is chosen from:
- T stands for terephthalic acid
- MXD stands for m-xylylene diamine
- MPMD stands for methylpentamethylene diamine
- BAC stands for bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane.
- said polymer is a semi-crystalline polymer.
- said at least thermoplastic polymer is selected from polyamides, aliphatic polyamides, cycloaliphatic polyamides and semi-aromatic polyamides (polyphthalamides), PEKK, PEI and a mixture of PEKK and PEI.
- Said fibrous material comprises continuous fibers selected from carbon fibers, glass, silicon carbide, based on basalt or basalt, silica, natural fibers in particular flax or hemp, lignin, bamboo, sisal, silk, or cellulose, in particular viscose, or amorphous thermoplastic fibers with a glass transition temperature Tg higher than the Tg of said polymer or of said mixture of polymers when the latter is amorphous or higher than the Tm of said polymer or of said mixture of polymers when the latter is semi-crystalline, or semi-crystalline thermoplastic fibers with a melting point Tf greater than the Tg of said polymer or of said mixture of polymers when the latter is amorphous or greater than the Tm of said polymer or of said mixture of polymers when the latter is semi-crystalline, or a mixture of two or more of said fibers, preferably a mixture of carbon, glass or ca silicon rbide, especially carbon fibers.
- the fibers that can enter into the composition of the fibrous materials can have different linear basis weights or title or titration or “tex” and/or be in different numbers in the rovings.
- the most conventionally used wicks are composed of 600 to 4800 tex for glass fibers and 3000 (3K), 6000 (6K), 12000 (12K), 24000 (24K), 48000 (48K), 50,000 ( 50K) or 400,000 (400K) fibers for carbon fibers.
- Carbon fibers generally have a diameter close to 7-8 ⁇ m and glass fibers a diameter of approximately 13, 15, 17 or 20 ⁇ m for example.
- the present invention relates to the use of the method as defined above, for the manufacture of three-dimensional composite parts, by automatic laying of said strips by means of a robot.
- said composite part with a high degree of consolidation is characterized in that the average molecular mass of the amorphous or semi-crystalline polymer is between 11,000 and 12,000 g/mol and the degree of crystallinity of said polymer is up to 25%. Said composite part may then subsequently require solid phase polycondensation (SSP).
- SSP solid phase polycondensation
- said composite part with a high degree of consolidation is characterized in that the polymer is semi-crystalline and has an average molecular mass of between 15,000 and 25,000 g/mol and the degree of crystallinity of said polymer is between from 15 to 35%.
- FIG. 2 presents the various possible heating systems (4) and (6) joined together on a cylindrical and rotating support optionally presenting a heating system (5).
- FIG. 3 presents the different heating systems (2) by laser and (3) heating pressure roller on a cylindrical and rotating support having a heating system (5) (heating mandrel).
- FIG. 4 presents a composite part obtained according to example 2 of the invention.
- FIG. 5 presents a composite part obtained according to comparative example 3.
- FIG. 6 presents the micrograph of a strip deposited with a consolidation roller.
- FIG. 7 shows the micrograph of a strip deposited without a consolidation roller.
- Example 1 Preparation of strips of fibrous material.
- the strips of fibrous material were prepared according to WO2018/234436: example 2 (strip of fibrous material (Zoltek carbon fiber, 50K) monolayer impregnated with MPMDT/10T) and example 3 for the porosity rate.
- the fiber content by volume of the strip of impregnated fibrous material obtained is
- the Te of this polymer is equal to 210°C.
- Example 2 Preparation of common parts strips of example 1 on a heating medium with a system of is a heated pressure roller and a system of i is a by laser as described in fiaure 3.
- (3) is a heating pressure roller heating system. It consists of a metal cylinder mounted on rollers to allow its free rotation, all mounted on the robotic removal head. It incorporates a heating system using heating cartridges integrated inside the metal roller and whose temperature is controlled by thermocouples integrated into the heating cartridges.
- the power is transmitted to the wireless cartridges by a so-called brushless system, allowing free rotation/revolution of the metal cylinder around its axis while being able to heat it without risk of breaking the power connector wires.
- the pressure exerted by the pressure roller on the strip being deposited is exerted by the robotic head and measured using pressure sensors.
- (5) is a metal mandrel on which the tapes are placed to manufacture the tube by filament winding.
- Its heating system is identical to that of system (3), except that the heating cartridges are longer and more numerous to heat the entire mandrel 4m in length evenly.
- the rotation of the chuck is ensured by a brushless motor included in the mechanical support system of the chuck, allowing the chuck to rotate on itself on its longitudinal axis of revolution at an imposed speed, a speed which determines the manufacturing speed of the composite part. This speed is adapted to that of the depositing robot so that the latter deposits the tape at the appropriate speed.
- (2) is a LASER heating system. This is mounted on the head of the robot, the same head that maintains the heating pressure roller and from which the taps are guided during removal. Its power is regulated via a temperature measurement by thermal camera pointed at the strip being deposited; the heating power increases if the band is too cold compared to the temperature set point requested by the operator. Conversely, it decreases if it is greater than this setpoint.
- the incident LASER wave sent by the LASER arrives in the area to be heated (tape being deposited and interface tape being deposited/tape already deposited) with an angle theta (0); it is possible to orient the LASER to modify this angle and thus promote heating at the interface or more in favor of one or the other of the two surfaces to be brought into contact. Presentation of temperature measurement systems:
- the heated mandrel and heated pressure roll temperatures are measured by the thermocouples built into these systems.
- the temperature of the tape being deposited as well as that already deposited are indicated by thermal cameras.
- the temperature of the tape being deposited is measured in a zone located just before contact with the pressure roller, ie at the very moment of contact with the layer of tapes already deposited.
- variable parameters are:
- the temperature of the deposited tape giving optimized results is 280°C, the major part of the heating power being provided by the laser to which it is necessary add the calories transmitted by the heated pressure roller (on the tape being deposited) and by the heating mandrel which heats the layer already deposited.
- (5) is a metal mandrel on which the tapes are placed to manufacture the tube by filament winding. It incorporates a heating system using heating cartridges integrated inside the metal cylinder and whose temperature is controlled by thermocouples integrated into the heating cartridges.
- the power is transmitted to the wireless cartridges by a so-called brushless system, allowing free rotation/revolution of the metal cylinder around its axis while being able to heat it without risk of breaking the power connector wires.
- the heating cartridges are large enough and numerous enough to evenly heat the entire 4m long chuck.
- the rotation of the mandrel is provided by a brushless motor included in the mechanical support system of the mandrel, allowing the mandrel to rotate on itself on its longitudinal axis of revolution at an imposed speed, a speed which determines the manufacturing speed of the composite part. This speed is adapted to that of the depositing robot so that the latter deposits the tape at the appropriate speed.
- (2) is a LASER heating system. This is mounted on the head of the robot, the same head that holds the heating pressure roller and from which the taps are guided during removal. Its power is regulated via a temperature measurement by thermal camera pointed at the strip being deposited; the heating power increases if the belt is too cold compared to the temperature setpoint requested by the operator. Conversely, it decreases if it is greater than this setpoint.
- the incident LASER wave sent by the LASER arrives in the zone to be heated (tape being deposited and interface tape being deposited/tape already deposited) with an angle theta (0); it is possible to orient the LASER to modify this angle and thus promote heating at the interface or more in favor of one or the other of the two surfaces to be brought into contact.
- the heated chuck temperature is measured by the thermocouples built into this system.
- the temperature of the tape being deposited as well as that already deposited are indicated by thermal cameras.
- the temperature of the tape being deposited is measured in a zone located just before contact with the pressure roller, ie at the very moment of contact with the layer of tapes already deposited.
- variable parameters are:
- the temperature of the applied tape giving optimized results is 300°C, most of the heating power being supplied by the laser to which must be added the calories transmitted by the heating pressure roller (on the tape being applied ) but subtract the calories absorbed by the unheated pressure roller.
- Example 4 comparison of mechanical properties? of the part of example 2 and that of example 3.
- thermoplastic matrix The density of the thermoplastic matrix
- the measurement of the fiber content is determined according to ISO 1172:1999 or by thermometric analysis (ATG) as determined for example in the document B. Benzler, Ap additionslabor, Mettler Toledo, Giesen, UserCom 1/2001.
- Me air ⁇ a mass of the measured sample in air.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2101119A FR3119561A1 (fr) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Procede de preparation de pieces composites a fort degre de consolidation |
| PCT/FR2022/050204 WO2022167757A1 (fr) | 2021-02-05 | 2022-02-03 | Procede de preparation de pieces composites a fort degre de consolidation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4288275A1 true EP4288275A1 (fr) | 2023-12-13 |
Family
ID=76034699
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22708585.9A Pending EP4288275A1 (fr) | 2021-02-05 | 2022-02-03 | Procede de preparation de pieces composites a fort degre de consolidation |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240092040A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4288275A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2024505983A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20230137999A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN116829340A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3119561A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022167757A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7820978B2 (ja) * | 2022-01-13 | 2026-02-26 | 津田駒工業株式会社 | 自動繊維束配置装置 |
| FR3148637A1 (fr) | 2023-05-10 | 2024-11-15 | Arkema France | Structure monocouche ou multicouche pour le transport, le stockage ou la distribution de gaz comprime |
| TWI892299B (zh) * | 2023-11-09 | 2025-08-01 | 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 | 熱塑性纖維複合材料的感應銲接方法及硬殼式中空結構體的製造方法 |
| US12552112B2 (en) * | 2024-02-08 | 2026-02-17 | General Electric Company | Automated fiber placement assembly |
Family Cites Families (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4640861A (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1987-02-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic material |
| US4681911A (en) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-21 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Reinforced composites |
| US5160561A (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1992-11-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for winding a plurality of lengths of thermoplastic resin impregnated yarns using a heated guide eye |
| USH1261H (en) * | 1992-05-15 | 1993-12-07 | Gibson Baylor D | On-line consolidation of filament wound thermoplastic parts |
| US6230775B1 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2001-05-15 | Electric Boat Corporation | High temperature wet filament winding arrangement |
| FR2858626B1 (fr) | 2003-08-05 | 2005-10-07 | Atofina | Polyamides semi aromatiques souple a faible reprise en humidite |
| CN101570063B (zh) * | 2009-05-13 | 2011-08-10 | 沈阳航空工业学院 | 含酚酞侧基的聚芳醚酮或聚芳醚砜树脂基复合材料的缠绕成型方法 |
| FR2950833A1 (fr) * | 2009-10-01 | 2011-04-08 | Airbus Operations Sas | Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication automatisee de preformes seches circulaires |
| US8900391B2 (en) * | 2011-06-26 | 2014-12-02 | The Boeing Company | Automated resin and fiber deposition for resin infusion |
| FR2997089B1 (fr) * | 2012-10-23 | 2015-11-13 | Arkema France | Materiau composite thermoplastique a base de polyamide semi-cristallin et procede de fabrication |
| US9527237B2 (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2016-12-27 | Orbital Atk, Inc. | Induction heating compaction system |
| CN103009637B (zh) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-11-05 | 西安交通大学 | 一种防止纤维铺放头中输送系统过热的红外加热装置 |
| WO2015145407A1 (fr) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | Composite Cluster Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de composite d'espace libre |
| CN105666842A (zh) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-06-15 | 余姚中国塑料城塑料研究院有限公司 | 一种高温热塑性复合材料制品的加工方法 |
| EP3219474B1 (fr) * | 2016-03-16 | 2019-05-08 | Airbus Operations GmbH | Procédé et dispositif a poser des bandes pour fabriquer en 3d un composant composite renforcé par fibres |
| CN105904739B (zh) * | 2016-04-12 | 2018-07-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种快速自动铺放热塑性复合材料构件的装置及方法 |
| FR3067968B1 (fr) | 2017-06-22 | 2020-11-06 | Arkema France | Materiau fibreux impregne de polymere thermoplastique |
| FR3067962B1 (fr) | 2017-06-22 | 2020-11-06 | Arkema France | Procede de fabrication d'un materiau fibreux impregne de polymere thermoplastique |
| FR3067961B1 (fr) | 2017-06-22 | 2020-11-06 | Arkema France | Procede de fabrication d'un materiau fibreux impregne de polymere thermoplastique |
| CN111491985A (zh) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-08-04 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | 热塑性复合材料及其制备方法、由其制成的复合结构以及制备复合结构的方法 |
| US10751954B2 (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2020-08-25 | Spirit Aerosystems, Inc. | Automated fiber placement and in-situ fiber impregnation system and method |
| CN108819292B (zh) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-09-04 | 长春理工大学 | 热塑性复合材料自动铺放装置及方法 |
| CN109760337A (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-05-17 | 西安交通大学 | 一种电加热式热塑性复合材料纤维铺放成型装置及方法 |
| JP7247596B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-18 | 2023-03-29 | 富士フイルムビジネスイノベーション株式会社 | 造形装置 |
| FR3093947B1 (fr) * | 2019-03-21 | 2021-04-09 | Centre Techn Ind Mecanique | Méthode et installation de fabrication de pièce de révolution en matériau composite |
-
2021
- 2021-02-05 FR FR2101119A patent/FR3119561A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-02-03 EP EP22708585.9A patent/EP4288275A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-02-03 CN CN202280013492.0A patent/CN116829340A/zh active Pending
- 2022-02-03 JP JP2023547228A patent/JP2024505983A/ja active Pending
- 2022-02-03 WO PCT/FR2022/050204 patent/WO2022167757A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-02-03 US US18/273,544 patent/US20240092040A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-03 KR KR1020237029724A patent/KR20230137999A/ko active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2024505983A (ja) | 2024-02-08 |
| US20240092040A1 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
| FR3119561A1 (fr) | 2022-08-12 |
| WO2022167757A1 (fr) | 2022-08-11 |
| KR20230137999A (ko) | 2023-10-05 |
| CN116829340A (zh) | 2023-09-29 |
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