Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
  • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
  • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
  • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
  • B09B3/38—Stirring or kneading
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
  • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
  • B09B2101/25—Non-industrial waste, e.g. household waste

Definitions

• the invention relates to a plant for processing solid municipal waste, and it will find application in industrial systems for processing organic, household and biodegradable waste to obtain organo-calcium soil conditioners (a. k. a. improvers) of alkaline nature based on the organic material contained in the waste.
• organo-calcium soil conditioners a. k. a. improvers
• a method for processing solid household waste includes sorting and processing of organic waste into compost, done by sequentially conducting in time a preparatory stage, homogenization, dehydration - followed by separation of waste by type.
• household waste is most often contained in plastic bags, as they are strong, durable and difficult to tear. Therefore it takes a long time for the operators to open or tear the bags and release the waste to be treated and then, if necessary, to sort their contents before further processing.
• Patent publication WO 2015187096 [1] is known: it describes a method and a device for anaerobic digestion of biodegradable substances, such as municipal waste, biological and/br organic waste.
• Anaerobic digestion is mainly used for the treatment of biodegradable material or materials, such as organic matter, bio-waste, biomass, household bio-waste, food waste and/or the like, resulting in the production of biogas.
• Anaerobic digestion takes place in devices in the presence of anaerobic bacteria, heat and in an oxygen-free environment.
• Anaerobic digestion takes place in stages where anaerobic bacteria break down biodegradable materials from one form to another and finally biogas is produced.
• the said patent publication describes a device, a bioreactor in its essence, and comprises three separate sections or chambers of cylindrical shape arranged consecutively in a vertical structure.
• a feed opening is located above the uppermost first section, where the material to be processed is fed through, and openings are provided laterally to the second and third sections - control samples of the processed material are taken through these openings.
• two rows are arranged in each section: one row of stirring blades below the other, fixedly connected to a centrally located in the sections shaft driven by a motor connected to it.
• Patent publication EP 1747181 [3] (VALOROM) is known; it describes a waste treatment method, where as a result of carrying out the described preparatory operations carried out in a mixing device in which waste, quicklime and water are fed, the temperature of the municipal solid waste increases, hence the evaporation of the excess water begins - in some cases, it can be around and over 50% of the weight of the incoming stream of waste for processing. The dehydration process continues until a moisture content of up to 10-15% is reached. After the processing of the obtained mixture, the fractions are divided into types - organocalcium improver, reusable [recoverable] secondary raw materials for subsequent separation and ingredient for energy use, respectively.
• the described method is carried out in series-like arranged and connected devices, the first of which is a drum-type mixer, consisting of a horizontally oriented rotating housing lying on support rollers located on two drive shafts connected to an absorber by a conveyor belt; in turn, the absorber is connected - by another conveyor belt - to a device for separating the material by size.
• a rotating screen (sieve) is used — it separates the waste by size with the possibility of subsequent separation for their secondary use.
• the described technological chain of interconnected devices and machines has a low degree of efficiency of mixing household solid waste with quicklime and water, expressed in the "sticking" of waste and the reagent in significant in size and weight tufas (tufts), mainly due to the low speed of rotation of the mixing drum.
• the described technological chain of machines and devices also has purely technical shortcomings, such as significant in size and weight facilities, significant in length lanes designed to transport treated waste between facilities, which generally increases the technological processing time per unit volume of processed material, as well as a significant area facilities occupy in the described location.
• a disadvantage is the large amount of electricity installed and consumed by the facilities, as well as the release of dust, moisture and other hazardous chemicals during the process, which to one degree or another makes it relatively inefficient and polluting the environment.
• the purpose of the invention is to provide an installation for processing of solid household and biodegradable waste, thus allowing efficient carrying out of technological operations at increased production capacity, while providing efficient and controlled conditions for conducting exothermic reaction during mixing of solid and biodegradable household waste with a reagent (quicklime), where the joint arrangement of technological modules and working elements installed in them provides opportunities for construction of installations with different capacity, significant reduction of overall dimensions and weight of the installation as a whole, low energy costs, and it allows easy maintenance and operation.
• a reagent quicklime
• a municipal solid waste treatment plant comprises a waste feeding device consisting of a chute with an auger located therein, waste bags are fed through to a waste treatment device. It is characterized by the fact the chute, with an auger located in it, contains at least two independently rotating spiral augers installed in it in opposite directions, which tear the bags and break up the waste, feeding them for further processing to the hopper housing, whereby a vertically oriented auger is installed in the. hopper, thus ensuring the internal exchange/circulation of the already mixed input material with the reagent.
• the chute is located at an angle of more than 15 degrees to the horizontal, and the shafts of the auger spirals mounted in the chute are connected to a separate drive system for each of them or a joint one. Externally to the metal body of the chute technical means are mounted - for feeding the processed material and the reagent, as well as technical means for conducting and controlling the technological process.
• the air-tight sealed housing of the hopper together with the vertical auger perform the function of an absorber removing moisture from the incoming material by convection with a pipe system and a drying installation for air mixtures containing moisture, with at least one opening - laterally, in the conical part of the hopper lid - for supplying the air returned by the system, while the highest part of the hopper lid is provided with a suction opening for the exhaust air containing water vapor, thus creating under-pressure [negative pressure] in the hopper, preventing emissions of water vapor.
• the support element of the hopper is made in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid or cone, oriented with its narrow base to the bottom and it comprises the drive shaft of the vertical auger.
• the bottom of the hopper is provided with at least one device for removing/discharging processed and homogenized solid household waste, and waste is screened (sieved) by means of a vibrating screenAs.
• the hopper housing is made in a cylindrical shape with a bottom in the shape of an inverted truncated cone.
• the support element is also cylindrical in shape; in this case the vertical auger screw is also located inside the cylindrically shaped hopper.
• An alternative embodiment of the vertical auger screw is to pair two counter-rotating helical spirals.
• Another variant embodiment of the installation is having two or more vertical auger screws 6 mounted in the mixing hopper and they are displaced relative to each other vertically.
• the described implementation of the installation allows the implementation of variant implementations, and depending on the type and composition of the processed materia! or the required production capacity, the device may contain only one module, but also variants in height or horizontally, one above/under the other or more modules may be placed, with or without vertical internal systems.
• the solid waste treatment plant is characterized by a compact design due to the simultaneous functions of mixing and absorption of the processed material, as well as the possibility of combining more than one consecutively connected modules.
• the proposed design allows efficient carrying out of operations for mixing the waste with the reagent (quicklime) and carrying out the necessary homogenization.
• the plant operates at low energy costs, as long as the stages of solid waste treatment are performed in adjacent modules, where the material is transported from one module to another through the mixing auger and by gravity.
• Waste processing is also favored by the fact a screen (sieve) or a screen system is placed at the outlet of the mixing hopper 5, which allows the necessary separation of the residue obtained after processing (for example into several fractions separated by size).
• the vertical arrangement of the modules facilitates the movement of the material from one module to another, as well as the operation of the vibrating screens 8 located in the bottom of the hopper 5.
• the modular design of the installation allows for the construction of an indefinite number of devices working simultaneously with increased production capacity and at the same time occupying a much smaller area than the devices described in the known level of technology, including consecutively connected the following: a horizontal drum mixer, conveyor belts, an absorber and a screen.
• Another advantage is having the individual modules of the installation and technological stages integrated in a single system of devices, so that the total space and volume occupied by the installation is significantly reduced. This, in turn, allows larger waste treatment systems to be designed and implemented, and located in plants or industrial areas with limited space.
• FIG.1 A diagram of the installation for processing solid waste.
• Solid waste treatment plant comprising a chute 1 with an auger 1.1 of at least two independently rotating spiral augers 1.1 - the latter tear the bags and shred the waste by feeding it for further processing to the housing of the hopper 5, wherein a vertically oriented auger 6 is placed in the hopper 5; the auger ensures the internal exchange/circulation of the already mixed input material with the reagent.
• the chute 1 is located at an angle of more than 15 ° to the horizontal, the shafts of the auger spirals 1.1 mounted in the chute 1 are connected to a separate drive system for each of them or to a joint one. Externally to the metal body of the chute 1 technical means are mounted for feeding the processed material 2 and the reagent 3, as well as technical means 4 for conducting and controlling the technological process.
• the support element of the hopper 5 is made in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid or cone, oriented with its narrow base to the bottom and it comprises the drive shaft of the vertical auger 6.
• the bottom of the hopper 5 is provided with at least one device 7 for removing/discharging processed and homogenized solid household waste, and waste is screened (sieved) by means of a vibrating screen/-s 8.
• the hopper 5 housing is made in a cylindrical shape with a bottom in the shape of an inverted truncated cone.
• the support element is also cylindrical in shape; in this case, the vertical auger screw 6 is also located inside the cylindrically shaped hopper 5.
• An alternative embodiment of the vertical auger screw 6 is to pair two counter-rotating helical spirals.
• Another variant embodiment of the installation is having two or more vertical auger screws 6 mounted in the mixing hopper 5 and they are displaced relative to each other vertically.
• the device may contain only one module, but also variants in height or horizontally, one above/under the other or more modules may be placed.
• the municipal solid waste treatment plant works as follows: in the lower part of the housing of the chute 1, through the feed opening, solid household waste to be processed is fed, while a technologically determined quantity - by means 2 and 3 for water and reagent, corresponding to the quantity of the waste - is fed at the same time.
• the drive system is activated, where the drive shafts rotate the screw augers 1.1 located on them, rotating opposite to each other, whereby the supplied solid waste and reagent are stirred, mixed and homogenized thanks to the appropriately shaped and oriented under a specific angle operational screw spirals 1.1, which form a contact surface, ensuring efficient mixing of the volume of processed waste, the reagent and the supplied process water.
• the mixing of the waste and the reagent lasts for at least a few minutes, and then the homogenized material is fed through the unloading outlet of the chute 1 into the hopper 5 to have the moisture contained in the mixture absorbed.
• the vertical augers 6 mounted in the hopper 5 create simultaneous rotational, translational, helical and directed movement of the processed material, as the thus formed rotational helical flows of the mixed materials are mixed as efficiently and effectively as possible with the reagent.
• the mixing and homogenization of the waste and the reagent in the hopper 5 through the screw 6 mounted vertically inside it lasts for at least 20 minutes, and then the mixed material is fed by a gravity manner to an adjacent second module of the same installation, where the material is again stirred in the chute 1 for at least 20 minutes; during this time the thermochemical reaction with the reagent continues, as well as dehydration of the treated material, which is then fed through the discharge outlet 1.2 of the chute 1 to the hopper 5 of the second installation module, where the material is finally dewatered to a predefined humidity according to the operator’s requirements.
• the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above; the latter should be considered illustrative only for the purposes of applying the principles of the utility model where the installations of the system are mobile and easy to install, service/maintain and repair at low operating costs.

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• 2021
  • 2021-01-02 BR BR112023013251A patent/BR112023013251A2/pt unknown
  • 2021-01-02 EP EP21912352.8A patent/EP4284562A1/de active Pending
  • 2021-01-02 WO PCT/BG2021/000001 patent/WO2022140821A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2021-01-02 CN CN202180089104.2A patent/CN116801986A/zh active Pending

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