EP4283607B1 - Luftpulserzeugungsvorrichtung mit gleichtakt- und differenzmodusbewegung - Google Patents

Luftpulserzeugungsvorrichtung mit gleichtakt- und differenzmodusbewegung

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Publication number
EP4283607B1
EP4283607B1 EP23174714.8A EP23174714A EP4283607B1 EP 4283607 B1 EP4283607 B1 EP 4283607B1 EP 23174714 A EP23174714 A EP 23174714A EP 4283607 B1 EP4283607 B1 EP 4283607B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
pulse generating
generating device
flap
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23174714.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4283607A1 (de
EP4283607C0 (de
Inventor
Jemm Yue Liang
Jye Ren
Eldwin Jiaqiang NG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xmems Labs Inc
Original Assignee
Xmems Labs Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xmems Labs Inc filed Critical Xmems Labs Inc
Publication of EP4283607A1 publication Critical patent/EP4283607A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4283607C0 publication Critical patent/EP4283607C0/de
Publication of EP4283607B1 publication Critical patent/EP4283607B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
    • G10K15/04—Sound-producing devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
    • G10K11/025—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators horns for impedance matching
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/02—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/30—Combinations of transducers with horns, e.g. with mechanical matching means, i.e. front-loaded horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/003—Mems transducers or their use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2217/00—Details of magnetostrictive, piezoelectric, or electrostrictive transducers covered by H04R15/00 or H04R17/00 but not provided for in any of their subgroups
    • H04R2217/03—Parametric transducers where sound is generated or captured by the acoustic demodulation of amplitude modulated ultrasonic waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2231/00—Details of apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor covered by H04R31/00, not provided for in its subgroups
    • H04R2231/001—Moulding aspects of diaphragm or surround

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air-pulse generating device, and more particularly, to an air-pulse generating device with common mode and differential mode movement.
  • Document D1 EP 4 030 782 A1
  • Document D2 US 2019/141435 A1
  • Document D3 US 2016/381464 A1
  • Document D4 US 2017/230756 A1
  • Document D5 US 2017/0201192 A1
  • Document D6 US 2013/0044904 A1
  • Speaker driver and back enclosure are two major design challenges in the speaker industry. It is difficult for a conventional speaker to cover an entire audio frequency band, e.g., from 20 Hz to 20 KHz. To produce high fidelity sound with high enough sound pressure level (SPL), both the radiating/moving surface and volume/size of back enclosure for the conventional speaker are required to be sufficiently large.
  • SPL sound pressure level
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an air-pulse generating device comprising a film structure comprising a flap pair; wherein the flap pair is configured to be actuated to perform a common mode movement, so as to form an amplitude-modulated ultrasonic air pressure variation with an ultrasonic carrier frequency, as well as a differential mode movement, so as to form an opening at a rate synchronous with the ultrasonic carrier frequency; wherein the air-pulse generating device is configured to produce a plurality of air pulses according to the amplitude-modulated ultrasonic air pressure variation; and wherein the flap pair comprises a first flap and a second flap.
  • a fundamental aspect of the present invention relates to an air-pulse generating device, and more particularly, to an air-pulse generating device comprising a modulating means and a demodulating means, where the said modulating means generates an ultrasonic air pressure wave/variation (UAW) having a frequency f UC , where the amplitude of UAW is modulated according to an input audio signal S IN , which is an electrical (analog or digital) representation of a sound signal SS.
  • UAW ultrasonic air pressure wave/variation
  • AMUAW amplitude modulated ultrasonic air pressure wave/variation
  • the amplitude-modulated ultrasonic air pressure wave/variation AMUAW may be corresponding to a carrier component with the ultrasonic carrier frequency f UC and a modulation component corresponding to the input audio signal S IN .
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an air-pulse generating (APG) device 100 according to an embodiment outside the scope of the present invention.
  • the device 100 may be applied as a sound producing device which produces an acoustic sound according to an input (audio) signal S IN , but not limited thereto.
  • the device 100 comprises a device layer 12 and a chamber definition layer 11.
  • the device layer 12 comprises walls 124L, 124R and supporting structures 123R, 123L supporting a thin film layer which is etched to flaps 101, 103, 105, and 107.
  • the device layer 12 may be fabricated by MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) fabrication process, for example, using a Si substrate of 250 ⁇ 500uM in thickness, which will be etched to form 123L/R and 124R/L.
  • a thin layer, typically 3 ⁇ 6 ⁇ M in thickness, made of silicon on insulator SOI or POLY on insulator POI layer will be etched to form flaps 101, 103, 105 and 107.
  • the chamber definition layer (which may be also viewed/named as "cap” structure) 11 comprises a pair of chamber sidewalls 110R, 110L and a chamber ceiling 117.
  • the chamber definition layer (or cap structure) 11 may be manufactured using MEMS fabrication technology.
  • a resonance chamber 115 is defined between this chamber definition layer 11 and the device layer 12.
  • the device 100 may be viewed as comprising a film structure 10 and the cap structure 11, between which the chamber 115 is formed.
  • the film structure 10 can be viewed as comprising a modulating portion 104 and a demodulating portion 102.
  • the modulating portion 104 comprising the (modulating) flaps 105 and107, is configured to be actuated to form an ultrasonic air/acoustic wave within the chamber 115, where air/acoustic wave can be viewed as a kind of air pressure variation, varying both temporally and spatially.
  • the ultrasonic air/acoustic wave or air pressure variation may be an amplitude DSB-SC (double-sideband suppress carrier) modulated air/acoustic wave with the ultrasonic carrier frequency f UC .
  • the ultrasonic carrier frequency f UC may be, for example, in the range of 160KHz to 192 KHz, which is significantly larger than the maximum frequency of human audible sound.
  • air wave and acoustic wave will be used interchangeably below.
  • the demodulating portion 102 comprising the (demodulating) flaps 101 and 103, is configured to operate synchronously with the modulating portion 104, shifting spectral components of DSB-SC modulated acoustic wave generated by the modulating portion 104 by ⁇ n ⁇ f UC , where n is positive integer, producing a plurality air pulses toward an ambient according to the ultrasonic air wave within the chamber 115, such that the baseband frequency component of the plurality air pulses (which is produced by the demodulating portion 102 according to the ultrasonic air wave within the chamber 115) would be or be corresponding/related to the input (audio) signal S IN , where the low frequency component of the plurality air pulses refers to frequency component of the plurality air pulses which is within an audible spectrum (e.g., below 20 or 30 KHz).
  • baseband may usually be referred to audible spectrum, but not limited thereto.
  • the modulating portion 104 may be actuated to form the modulated air wave according to the input audio signal S IN , and the demodulating portion 102, operate in synchronous with modulation portion 104, produces the plurality air pulses with low frequency component thereof as (or corresponding/related to) the input audio signal S IN .
  • f UC is typically much higher than the highest human audible frequency, such as f UC ⁇ 96KHz ⁇ 5 ⁇ 20KHz
  • f UC is typically much higher than the highest human audible frequency
  • f UC is typically much higher than the highest human audible frequency, such as f UC ⁇ 96KHz ⁇ 5 ⁇ 20KHz
  • natural/environmental low pass filtering effect caused by physical environment such as walls, floors, ceilings, furniture, or the high propagation loss of ultrasound, etc., and human ear system such as ear canal, eardrum, malleus, incus, stapes, etc.
  • FIG. 34 conceptually/schematically demonstrates the effect of (de)modulation operation by showing frequency spectrums of signals before and after the (de)modulation operation.
  • the modulation operation produces an amplitude modulated ultrasonic acoustic/air wave UAW with spectrum shown as W ( f ), according to the input audio signal S IN , which is an electrical (analog or digital) representation of a sound signal SS.
  • S IN /SS The spectrum of S IN /SS is represented as S ( f ) in FIG.34 .
  • the synchronous demodulation operation producing an ultrasonic pulse array UPA (comprising the plurality of pulses) with spectrum illustrated as Z(f), can be viewed as (comprising step of) shifting spectral components of the ultrasonic acoustic/air wave UAW by ⁇ n ⁇ f UC (with integer n) and spectral component of the ultrasonic air wave UAW corresponding to the sound signal SS is partially transferred to the baseband.
  • baseband component of the ultrasonic pulse array UPA is significant, compared to the amplitude modulated UAW W ( f ).
  • the ultrasonic pulse array UPA propagates toward ambient. Through the inherent low pass filtering effect of natural/physical environment and human hearing system, a resulting spectrum Y ( f ) corresponding to the sound signal SS can be reproduced.
  • the demodulating portion 102 may be actuated to form an opening 112 at the time and location which are corresponding/aligned to peak(s) of the modulated air wave.
  • the demodulating portion 102 may be actuated such that the opening 112 also reaches its peak.
  • the demodulating portion 102 may be actuated to form the opening 112 at a valve opening rate synchronous to/with the ultrasonic carrier frequency f UC .
  • the valve opening rate being synchronous to/with the ultrasonic carrier frequency f UC generally refers that the valve opening rate is the ultrasonic carrier frequency f UC times a rational number, i.e., f UC ⁇ ( N / M ), where N and M represent integers.
  • the valve opening rate (of the opening 112) may be the ultrasonic carrier frequency f UC .
  • (de)modulating portion 102/104 is also used to denote the (de)modulating flap pair.
  • the demodulating portion (or flap pair) 102 forming the opening 112 may be considered as a virtual valve, which performs an open-and-close movement and forms the opening 112 (periodically) according to specific valve/demodulation driving signals.
  • the modulating portion 104 may substantially produce a mode-2 (or 2 nd order harmonic) resonance (or standing wave) within the resonance chamber 115, as pressure profile P104 and airflow profile U104 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • a free end of the modulating flap 105/107 is disposed by the sidewall 110L/110R.
  • the modulating flaps 105 and 107 are driven to have a common mode movement and the demodulating flaps 101 and 103 are driven to have a differential-mode movement.
  • the modulating flaps 105 and 107 having the common mode movement means that the flaps 105 and 107 are simultaneously actuated/driven to move toward the same direction.
  • the demodulating flaps 101 and 103 having the differential-mode movement means that the flaps 101 and 103 are simultaneously actuated to move toward opposite directions. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the flaps 101 and 103 may be actuated to move toward opposite directions with (substantially) the same displacement/magnitude.
  • the demodulating portion 102 may substantially produce a mode-1 (or 1 st order harmonic) resonance (or standing wave) within the resonance chamber 115, as pressure profile P102 and airflow profile U102 formed by the demodulating portion 102 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 2 illustrates waveforms of demodulation-driving signals S101, S103 and a modulation-driving signal SM.
  • the modulation-driving signal SM is used to drive the modulating flaps 105 and 107.
  • the demodulation-driving signals (or valve driving signals) S101 and S103 are used to drive the demodulating flaps 101 and 103, respectively.
  • the modulation-driving signal SM can be viewed as pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signal which is modulated according to the input audio signal S IN . Furthermore, different from convention PAM signal, polarity (with respect to a constant voltage) of the signal SM toggles within one operating cycle T CY .
  • the modulation-driving signal SM comprises pulses with alternating polarities (with respect to the constant voltage) and with an envelope/amplitude of the pulses is (substantially) the same as or proportional/corresponding to an AC (alternative current) component of the input audio signal S IN .
  • the modulation-driving signal SM can be viewed as comprising a pulse amplitude modulation signal or comprising PAM-modulated pulses with alternating polarities with respect to the constant voltage.
  • a toggling rate of the modulation-driving signal SM is 2 ⁇ f UC , which means that the polarity of the pulses within the modulation-driving signal SM alternates/toggles twice in one operating cycle T CY .
  • the demodulation-driving signals S101 and S103 comprises two driving pulses of equal amplitude but with opposite polarities (with respect to a constant/average voltage).
  • S101 comprises a first pulse with a first polarity (with respect to the constant/average voltage)
  • S103 comprises a second pulse with a second polarity (with respect to the constant/average voltage)
  • the first polarity is opposite to the second polarity.
  • a toggling rate of the demodulation-driving signal S101/S103 is f UC , which means that the polarities of the pulses within the demodulation-driving signal S101/S103 alternates/toggles once in one operating cycle T CY .
  • the toggling rate of the modulation-driving signal (SM) is twice of the toggling rate of the demodulation-driving signal S101/S103.
  • the slopes of S101/S103 are simplified drawing representing the energy recycling during the transitions between voltage levels. Note that, transition periods of the signals S101 and S103 overlap. Energy recycling may be realized by using characteristics of an LC oscillator, given the piezoelectric actuators of flap 101/103 are mostly capacitive loads. Details of the energy recycling concept may be referred to US patent No. 11,057,692 . Note that, piezoelectric actuator serves as an embodiment, but not limited thereto.
  • the signals S101 and S103 may also be denoted as -SV and +SV, signifying that this pair of driving signals have the same waveform but differ in polarity.
  • -SV is for S101
  • +SV is for S103, as shown in FIG. 2 , but not limited thereto.
  • S101 may be +SV and S103 may be -SV.
  • FIG. 2 demonstrates difference in toggling rate between the modulation-driving signal SM and the demodulation-driving signal ⁇ SV.
  • Relative phase delay, meaning timing alignment, between the modulation-driving signal SM and the demodulation-driving signal ⁇ SV may be adjusted according to practical requirement.
  • driving circuit for generating the signals SM and ⁇ SV may comprise a sub-circuit, which is configured to produce a (relative) delay between the modulation-driving signal SM and the demodulation-driving signal ⁇ SV.
  • the sub-circuit producing the delay are not limited. Known technology can be incorporated in the sub-circuit. As long as the sub-circuit can generate the delay to fulfill the timing alignment requirements (which will be detailed later), requirements of the present invention is satisfied, which will be within the scope of the present invention.
  • the tips of the flaps 101 and 103 are at substantially the same location (the center location between the sidewalls 111L and 111R) and experience substantially the same air pressure at that location.
  • the flaps 101 and 103 move differentially.
  • movements of the tips of the flaps 101 and 103 owns a common mode rejection behavior, similar to the common mode rejection known in the field of analog differential OP-amplifier circuit, which means that the displacement difference of the tips of the demodulating flaps 101 and 103, or
  • FIG. 3 illustrates simulated results generated from an equivalent circuit model of the device 100.
  • Curves d 101 and d 103 represents movements/displacements of the tips of the flaps 101 and 103, respectively.
  • the differential movement represented by the curve denoted by d 101 - d 103 in FIG. 3 , remains (substantially) consistent. That is, width/gap of the valve opening 112 would be consistent even when the modulation portion 104 operates.
  • modulator movement produces negligible impact on the functionality and performance of the demodulator, which is what "modulator-to-demodulator isolation" means.
  • FIG. 4 plots a simulated frequency response of an SPL (sound pressure level), measured at 1 meter away from the device 100, under the condition that S IN is a 10-tone equal amplitude test signal (within 650 ⁇ 22K Hz and with equal log scale spacing) and an equivalent circuit simulation model of the device 100 is used.
  • the demodulator-to-modulator isolation can be evidenced by the absence of extraneous spectral component at and around 96KHz (pointed by block arrow in FIG. 4 ), indicating a high degree of isolation.
  • the percentage of time valve remains open, or duty factor is a critical factor affecting the output of device 100.
  • Increasing amplitude of driving voltage S101 and S103 can increase the amplitude of the movements of the flaps 101 and 103, which will increase the maximum open width of the valve opening 112, and raising the driving voltage also raises the duty factor of valve opening.
  • duty factor of the valve opening 112 and the maximum open width/gap of the valve opening 112 can be determined by the driving voltage S101 and S103.
  • curve labeled as V(d2)-V(d3) represent difference in displacement of flaps 101 and 103, i.e., d 101 - d 103
  • curve labeled as V(opening) represent a degree of opening of the virtual valve 112.
  • V(opening) > 0 when
  • V(ep_vlv) being nicely shaped may refer that pulses illustrated by V(ep_vlv) are highly asymmetric, unlike V(p_vlv) which is highly symmetric.
  • Asymmetricity of output pressure pulses would demonstrate low frequency component (i.e., frequency component in audible band) of air pulses generated by the air pulse generating device, or APG device for brief, which is a desirable feature for the APG device.
  • FIG. 6 A zoomed-out view of FIG. 5 is illustrated in FIG. 6 , showing the asymmetricity of V(ep_vlv) corresponding to the envelope of the baseband sound signal of 1.68KHz.
  • the opening (112) is opened/formed or in an opened status when difference in displacement of flaps 101 and 103 is larger than a threshold, e.g.,
  • a threshold e.g.,
  • resonance frequency f R_V of demodulating flaps 101/103 is suggested to be sufficiently deviated from the ultrasonic carrier frequency f UC , which is another design factor.
  • flap 101/103 will start to resonate with the AM ultrasonic standing wave, converting portion of the ultrasound energy into common mode deformation of flap 101/103, where max( f SOUND ) may represent maximum frequency of the input audio signal S IN .
  • max( f SOUND ) may represent maximum frequency of the input audio signal S IN .
  • Such common mode deformation of flaps 101/103 will cause the volume atop the flaps 101/103 to change, result in fluctuation of pressure inside chamber 115 at the vicinity of valve opening 112, over the affected frequency range, leading to depressed SPL output.
  • f R_V either significantly lower than f UC as in f R_V ⁇ ( f UC - 20KHz) ⁇ 0.9 or significantly high than f UC as in f R_V ⁇ ( f UC + 20KHz) ⁇ 1.1.
  • 20KHz is used here because it is well accepted as highest human audible frequency. In applications such as HD-/Hi-Res Audio, 30KHz or even 40KHz may be adopted as max( f SOUND ), and the formula above should be modified accordingly.
  • the convolution of W ( f ) with R ( f ), or the synchronous demodulation operation involves/comprises step of shifting W ( f ) (or the spectral components of UAW) by ⁇ n ⁇ f UC (with integer n ) .
  • r ( t )/ w ( t )/ z ( t ) and R ( f )/ W ( f )/ Z ( f ) form Fourier transform pair.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an APG device 200 according to an embodiment outside the scope of the present invention.
  • the device 200 is similar to the device 100, and thus same notations are used.
  • the device 200 further comprises an enclosing structure (enclosure) 14.
  • a chamber 125 is formed between the enclosing structure 14 and the cap structure 11. Note that vents 113L/R are formed within the ceiling 117 located at ⁇ UC /4 from the sidewalls 111L/R, respectively, on the nodes of the ultrasonic standing pressure wave P104, as indicated by lines 135/137.
  • vents 113L/R in FIG. 7 The purpose of vents 113L/R in FIG. 7 is to allow the airflow generated during the demodulation operation (as indicated by the two dashed 2-way pointed-curves between 112 and 113L/R) to be vented from chamber 115, such that the difference between the average pressure inside the chamber 115 and outside in the ambient is minimized and the function of chamber 125 is to disrupt the spectral components carried by the airflow into chamber 125, preventing these airflow from forming additional audible sound signal.
  • vents 113L/R By locating vents 113L/R on the nodes of the standing pressure wave, the spectral components surrounding f UC are prevented from exiting chamber 115, allowing demodulation to form UPA (ultrasonic pulse array) and produce the desired APPS (air pressure pulse speaker) effect.
  • UPA ultrasonic pulse array
  • APPS air pressure pulse speaker
  • APG device having APPS effect generally refers that, the baseband frequency component (especially frequency component in audible band) embedded within the air pulses output by the APG device at the ultrasonic carrier frequency is not only observable but also of significant intensity.
  • the spectrum of the electrical input signal S IN will be reproduced acoustically within baseband of audible spectrum (low frequency compared to carrier frequency) via producing the plurality of air pulses by the APG device, which is suitable for being used in sound producing application.
  • the intensity of baseband produced through APPS effect is related to the amount of, or degree of, asymmetricity of air pulses produced by the APG device, where asymmetricity will be discussed later.
  • the supporting structures 123L and 123R of the device 100 or 200 have parallel and straight walls (with respect to X-axis), where space/channel between 123L and 123R functions as an sound outlet.
  • Simulation results using FEM finite element method show that, when the frequency rises above 350 KHz, lateral standing waves, along the X direction, start to be formed between the walls of 123L/123R, and the output starts to self-nullify.
  • Such lateral-resonance induced self-nullifying phenomenon cause the energy transfer ratio over the height of the walls of 123L-123R (in Z direction) to degrade.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a portion of an APG device 300 according to an embodiment outside the scope of the present invention. Similar to the device 100, the device 300 comprises the flaps 101 and 103, anchored on the supporting structure 123L" and 123R", respectively, and configured to form the opening 112 to produces a plurality of air pulses via an outlet 320 toward an ambient.
  • the walls of the supporting structure 123L" and 123R" of the device 300 are oblique and has a non-right angle ⁇ with respect to X-Axis or X direction, such that the outlet 320 with horn-shape is formed.
  • the non-right angle ⁇ may be designed according to practical requirement. In an embodiment, the non-right angle ⁇ may be 54.7°, but not limited thereto.
  • the horn-shaped outlet generally refers to an outlet with an outlet dimension or a tunnel dimension which is gradually widened from the film structure toward an ambient.
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are simulated by using FEM. By comparing FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 , the device 100 produces energy transfer ratio that starts to roll-off above 170KHz, with a few jumps and dips as the frequency rises above 170KHz; while the device 300 produces energy transfer ratio that retains a rising trend roughly above120KHz, with a much smoother frequency response for frequency above 170 KHz.
  • frequency response of energy transfer ratio (above 170 KHz) of the device 300 is much smoother than which of the device 100, which is benefit for the APG device operating at ultrasonic pulse rate (i.e., the ultrasonic carrier frequency f UC ) and its high order harmonic (e.g., n ⁇ f UC ).
  • the device 300 produces a roughly 5 times energy transfer ratio higher than which produced by the device 100. Hence, it can be validated from FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 that horn-shaped outlet brings better energy transfer ratio for APG device.
  • one electrode of the actuator 101A/103A may receive both the common mode modulation-driving signal SM and differential mode demodulation-driving signal S101(-SV)/S103(+SV); while the other electrode is properly biased.
  • the bottom electrodes receive the common mode modulation-driving signal SM and differential mode demodulation-driving signal S101(-SV)/S103(+SV); while the top electrode are biased.
  • the chamber 631 may be viewed as a semi-occluded compression chamber, where an air pressure within the compression chamber 631 may be compressed or rarefied in response to the common-mode modulation-driving signal SM, and the ultrasonic air pressure variation/wave may be generated and directly fed into the passageway 632 via an orifice 613.
  • the passageway 632 serves as a waveguide, where the shape and dimension thereof should be optimized to allow the pressure variation/pulse generated in zone/chamber 631 to propagate outward efficiently.
  • the outlet 633 is configured to minimize reflection/deflections and maximize the acoustic energy coupling to ambient. To achieve that, a tunnel dimension (e.g., a width in X direction) of the outlet 633 is gradually widened toward the ambient and the outlet 633 may have a horn-shape.
  • FIG. 32 illustrates waveforms of two set of (de)modulation-driving signals, A and B, intended for the cells E11 and E12.
  • the set A comprises demodulation-driving signal ⁇ SV and modulation-driving signal SM; while the set B comprises demodulation-driving signal ⁇ SV' and modulation-driving signal SM'.
  • the demodulation-driving signal +SV'/-SV' of the signal set B is a delayed version of the demodulation-driving signal +SV/-SV of the signal set A.
  • the modulation-driving signal SM' of the set B may be viewed as an inverse of or a polarity inversion version of the modulation-driving signal SM of the set A.
  • the modulation-driving signal SM of the set A has a pulse with negative polarity with respect to a voltage level (shown as dashed line in FIG. 32 ) within a time period T 22
  • the modulation-driving signal SM' of the set B would have a pulse with positive polarity with respect to the voltage level (shown as dashed line in FIG. 32 ) within the time period T 22 .
  • the device E00 may produce pulse array with pulse/sampling rate as 2 ⁇ f UC and f UC is operating frequency for each cell.
  • FIG. 33 is a top view of an APG device F00 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device F00 comprises cells F11, F12, F21 and F22, arranged in a 2 ⁇ 2 array.
  • the cell in the device F00 may be one of the APG devices of the present invention.
  • Two of the cells F11, F12, F21 and F22 may receive the signal set A, and the other two cells may receive the signal set B.
  • the air-pulse generating device of the present invention comprises a modulating means and a demodulating means.
  • the modulating means which may be realized by applying the modulation-driving signal to the flap pair (102 or 104), is to produce amplitude modulated ultrasonic acoustic/air wave with ultrasonic carrier frequency according to a sound signal.
  • the demodulating means which may be realized by applying the pair of demodulation-driving signals +SV and -SV to the flap pair (102) or by driving the flap pair (102) to form the opening (112) periodically, to perform the synchronous demodulation operation of shifting spectral components of the ultrasonic acoustic/air wave UAW by ⁇ n ⁇ f UC .
  • spectral component of the ultrasonic air wave corresponding to the sound signal is shifted to audible baseband and the sound signal is reproduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Invalid Beds And Related Equipment (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung, gekennzeichnet durch:
    eine Folienstruktur (10) mit einem Klappenpaar (102);
    worin das Klappenpaar (102) ausgestaltet ist, betätigt zu werden, um eine gemeinsame Bewegungsart auszuführen, um eine amplitudenmodulierte Ultraschall-Luftdruckänderung mit einer Ultraschall-Trägerfrequenz (fUC) zu erzeugen;
    wobei das Klappenpaar (102) betätigt wird, um eine Differenzmodusbewegung auszuführen, um eine Öffnung (112) mit einer Geschwindigkeit zu bilden, die mit der Ultraschall-Trägerfrequenz (fUC) synchron ist;
    worin die Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung ausgestaltet ist, mehrere Luftimpulse entsprechend der amplitudenmodulierten Ultraschall-Luftdruckänderung zu erzeugen;
    worin das Klappenpaar eine erste Klappe und eine zweite Klappe umfasst.
  2. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die amplitudenmodulierte Ultraschall-Luftdruckänderung (P104) innerhalb einer ersten Kammer ausgebildet wird;
    worin die erste Klappe und die zweite Klappe als symmetrisches Paar ausgebildet sind.
  3. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Arbeitszyklusfaktor zum Bilden der Öffnung (112) in einem Bereich zwischen 45% und 70% liegt.
  4. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Verhältnis einer Resonanzfrequenz (fR_V) des Klappenpaares (102) zu einer Ventilantriebsfrequenz (fD_V) größer als 1 ist.
  5. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Resonanzfrequenz (fR_V) des Klappenpaares (102) größer ist als die Ultraschall-Trägerfrequenz (fUC) plus einer maximalen Frequenz eines Eingangsaudiosignals oder kleiner ist als die Ultraschall-Trägerfrequenz (fUC) minus einer maximalen Frequenz des Eingangsaudiosignals.
  6. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Klappe (101) durch ein Demodulations-Ansteuersignal (±SV) angesteuert wird;
    worin eine Lautstärke des von der Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung erzeugten Tons über eine Amplitude des Demodulations-Ansteuersignals (±SV) gesteuert wird.
  7. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese ferner umfasst:
    eine Kappenstruktur (11);
    worin eine erste Kammer (115) zwischen der Folienstruktur und der Kappenstruktur ausgebildet ist;
    wobei die Folienstruktur (10) betätigt wird, um die Gleichtaktbewegung auszuführen, um die amplitudenmodulierte Ultraschall-Luftdruckänderung mit der Ultraschall-Trägerfrequenz (fUC) innerhalb der ersten Kammer zu erzeugen;
    wobei die Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung die mehreren Luftimpulse gemäß der amplitudenmodulierten Ultraschall-Luftdruckänderung innerhalb der ersten Kammer (115) erzeugt.
  8. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kappenstruktur (11) eine erste Seitenwand (110L) und eine zweite Seitenwand (110R) umfasst;
    worin der Abstand (W115) zwischen der ersten Seitenwand (110L) und der zweiten Seitenwand (110R) einer Wellenlänge entspricht, die der Ultraschall-Trägerfrequenz (fUC) entspricht.
  9. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kappenstruktur (11) eine erste Seitenwand (110L) und eine zweite Seitenwand (110R) umfasst;
    worin das Klappenpaar die Öffnung (112) an einer mittleren Stelle zwischen der ersten Seitenwand (110L) und der zweiten Seitenwand (110R) bildet.
  10. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kappenstruktur (11) eine Seitenwand (110L/110R) umfasst;
    worin die Öffnung (112) an einer Stelle ausgebildet ist, die eine halbe Wellenlänge von der Seitenwand (110L/110R) entfernt ist;
    worin die halbe Wellenlänge der Ultraschall-Trägerfrequenz (fUC) entspricht.
  11. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7-10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kappenstruktur (11) eine Seitenwand (111L/R) und eine Decke (117) umfasst;
    worin eine Entlüftungsöffnung (113L/R) an der Decke (117) ausgebildet ist;
    worin die Entlüftungsöffnung (113L/R) einen Viertelwellenlängenabstand von der Seitenwand aufweist;
    worin die Viertelwellenlänge der Ultraschall-Trägerfrequenz (fUC) entspricht.
  12. Luftimpulserzeugungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7-10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kappenstruktur (11) eine Decke (117) umfasst;
    worin eine erste Entlüftungsöffnung (113L) und eine zweite Entlüftungsöffnung (113R) an der Decke (117) ausgebildet sind;
    worin der Abstand zwischen der ersten Entlüftungsöffnung (113L) und der zweiten Entlüftungsöffnung (113R) einer halben Wellenlänge entspricht, die der Ultraschall-Trägerfrequenz (fUC) entspricht.
EP23174714.8A 2022-05-28 2023-05-23 Luftpulserzeugungsvorrichtung mit gleichtakt- und differenzmodusbewegung Active EP4283607B1 (de)

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US202263347013P 2022-05-30 2022-05-30
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US202263353610P 2022-06-19 2022-06-19
US202263354433P 2022-06-22 2022-06-22
US202263428085P 2022-11-27 2022-11-27
US202263433740P 2022-12-19 2022-12-19
US202263434474P 2022-12-22 2022-12-22
US202263435275P 2022-12-25 2022-12-25
US202263436103P 2022-12-29 2022-12-29
US202363447835P 2023-02-23 2023-02-23
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EP23174735.3A Active EP4283608B1 (de) 2022-05-28 2023-05-23 Luftpulserzeugungsvorrichtung zur erzeugung asymmetrischer luftpulse
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EP4283607A1 (de) 2023-11-29
KR20230165895A (ko) 2023-12-05
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EP4283607C0 (de) 2025-10-01
EP4283609B1 (de) 2025-12-10
JP7647003B2 (ja) 2025-03-18
KR102798531B1 (ko) 2025-04-18
EP4283608A1 (de) 2023-11-29
TWI869858B (zh) 2025-01-11
EP4283610B1 (de) 2025-08-27
EP4283609A1 (de) 2023-11-29
EP4283610A1 (de) 2023-11-29
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EP4283608C0 (de) 2025-11-05
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