EP4283192A1 - Verfahren und anlage zur entsorung von oliventrester - Google Patents

Verfahren und anlage zur entsorung von oliventrester Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4283192A1
EP4283192A1 EP23175741.0A EP23175741A EP4283192A1 EP 4283192 A1 EP4283192 A1 EP 4283192A1 EP 23175741 A EP23175741 A EP 23175741A EP 4283192 A1 EP4283192 A1 EP 4283192A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pomace
pyrolysis
reactor
temperature
disposal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23175741.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arduino VERZARO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Viemme Impianti Srl
Original Assignee
Viemme Impianti Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Viemme Impianti Srl filed Critical Viemme Impianti Srl
Publication of EP4283192A1 publication Critical patent/EP4283192A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/12—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/262—Agricultural waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
    • F23G2900/7013—Incinerating oil shales

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the disposal of olive pomace, a process that allows the enhancement of waste, thus fitting fully into the so-called circular economy.
  • Olive oil can be obtained by pressing or extraction of olives.
  • an oil is classified as extra virgin oil, if obtained by pressing, with an acidity not higher than 0,8%, virgin oil, if obtained by pressing with an acidity lower than 2%, lampante virgin olive oil, if obtained by pressing with an acidity of more than 2%.
  • Lampante virgin olive oil cannot be used for food purposes and its name derives from the fact that it can be used for lighting lamps (mainly used as a fuel).
  • olive oil that is refined and mixed with a virgin oil is called olive oil.
  • the pressing residue composed of kernel fragments, peel and pulp residues, is called pomace. It represents a quantitatively important fraction of the production since, in a traditional olive mill, one can obtain between 30 and 35% by weight of pomace, while in a continuous one, one can obtain between 40 and 45% by weight. From these numbers, considering that the annual production of olive oil, in Italy, is about 464,000 tons, it is easy to understand how the use of pomace obtained during this processing has a certain importance.
  • Pomace oil is particularly suitable, for example, for frying, since it is qualitatively better than seed oils used more commonly today.
  • the chemical composition of pomace oil is different from that of virgin and extra-virgin oils and sometimes, to make it edible, it must be treated in a similar way to the one used for seed oils, by modifying the degree of saturation, acidity and isomeric composition, thus making its composition more similar to that of edible olive oils.
  • Activated carbon is used as a catalyst, a carrier for catalysts, a filtering, adsorbent material, a purifier and the like.
  • the production cost of activated carbon is relatively high, and its selling price is therefore largely profitable.
  • CN 214 370 214 discloses a plant for the treatment of agricultural waste.
  • a pyrolysis furnace, a rotary kiln, a combustion furnace, a tank for condensation, a gas containing tank, a device for separating water/oil, a tank for oil and another one for water are included in the plant.
  • the heat produced by the pyrolysis is used for the other steps of the process.
  • the material that undergoes the pyrolysis must be dried until it reaches a water content of less than 10% by weight.
  • the pyrolysis reaction occurs at a temperature ranging between 100 and 350°C.
  • EP 2 236 588 discloses a process for the use of pyrolysis water, which is injected into a combustion chamber.
  • the claimed process can be used in a plant integrated with a combined cycle gasification, which can lead to the co-production of liquid fuel.
  • This patent relates to a reaction complex and the reuse of effluents from the pyrolysis (water, oil and gas) and does not give precise indications on how the pyrolysis occurs.
  • the problem underlying the invention is to propose a process for the disposal of pomace oil, which overcomes the disadvantages cited and allows a wide enhancement of the product, without creating polluting waste.
  • This aim is reached through a process for the disposal of olive pomace, characterised in that it provides a first processing step, during which the pomace undergoes pyrolysis and a second step, during which the product obtained from the previous step undergoes a treatment with steam at a temperature above 500°C.
  • the present invention also relates to a plant for accomplishing the disposal of olive pomace, comprising a pyrolysis reactor and a steam treatment reactor, characterised in that said reactors are coaxial pipe reactors.
  • the pomace is fed in a hopper 1, connected via a conduit 2 to another hopper 3 that feeds a reactor 4, which can exhibit internally content stirring devices.
  • the reactor 4 comprises advantageously the following sections: a section 5 of pre-heating, a section 6 of pyrolysis and a section 7 of combustion, fed with gas and air from a conduit 8. In this way, the thermal efficiency of the reactor 4 is maximised.
  • a fume discharge pipe 11 comes out, which converges, along with a discharge 12, into a feed 13 towards a steam generator 14 (heat recuperator) with an outlet 15 feeding a stack 16 and a turbine 17, so as to make full use of the produced heat, and an outlet 18, which is inserted into a combustion chamber 19, from which the previously mentioned discharge 12 begins.
  • a steam generator 14 heat recuperator
  • combustion chamber 19 is fed by an inlet 20 and by an inlet 21.
  • Inlet 20 receives in turn air from an inlet 22 and fuel from a tank 23.
  • Inlet 21 receives air from an inlet 24 and gas coming from an inlet 25.
  • the inlet 25 comes from a reactor 26.
  • the carbon flowing out of the discharge 9 is fed into 27 to a cooler 28, which receives water from an inlet 29, and is discharged in 30.
  • the cooler 28 also includes an outlet 31.
  • an elevator 32 With an elevator 32, the carbon is transferred in a hopper 33, from which a pipe 34 leads to the reactor 26.
  • the olive pomace comprises residues from pressing, which are fragments of kernels, peel and pulp and contains considerable amounts of water, basically vegetation water, but sometimes also water that was added in the processes which brought to the production of pomace.
  • the amount of water contained in pomace is what discourages its use today as fuel, since it would require a deep drying in order to obtain an acceptable and uninterrupted combustion. In general, pyrolysis is also deterred by the amount of water.
  • the pomace to be disposed of presents a composition (percentages by weight) of the following type: water 13.70%, carbon 22.40%, volatile substances 74.20%, ash 3.40%: there is an appreciable amount of carbon, as shown.
  • the amount of water contained in the pomace is higher than that considered maximum (10%) from CN 214 370 214 .
  • Pomace is fed, in a known way, to the hopper 1, possibly after undergoing some preliminary treatment, of a known type.
  • pomace is fed, passing through conduit 2, to hopper 3, from which, preferably in a continuous way for reasons of operational uniformity, for example with a water screw, pomace is fed to reactor 4.
  • the reactor 4 is designed as a coaxial tube reactor, preferably made of AISI 321 steel, possibly rotating. Tube 5, where the pomace mass enters, has a pre-heating function: upstream of the first step of pyrolysis, the material undergoes a preliminary heating step.
  • the pomace temperature is raised, due to thermal exchange with gas combustion fumes, to a suitable temperature for a preliminary heating (or pre-heating), which allows to prepare the material for the following step and dry it, overcoming the drawback of its high humidity.
  • a preliminary heating or pre-heating
  • the step from the external tube alone is sufficient to prevent a preliminary drying step, contemplated by the previous technique, as CN 214 370 214 , while still managing to obtain carbon, in a way that is far from predictable.
  • the material intended for the reaction Exiting from tube 5, for example, through suitably reinforced holes on its side walls, the material intended for the reaction enters tube 6, preferably moving in the opposite direction in comparison to the one followed in tube 5, so as to take advantage of the heat provided, where the temperature is raised above 400°C, preferably at about 500°C, bearing in mind that the pyrolytic removal of substances contained in the biomass occurs, in an exothermic way, from 260-280°C.
  • the material is held in absence of air and thus a pyrolysis or distillation reaction occurs, resulting in the production of solid carbon, which is discharged in 9, tar and other liquid substances and a gas, which are discharged in 10.
  • the gas discharged in 10 is added to other gas and air in 8 and feeds the combustion section 7 of the reactor 6, making an energy recovery and appreciably reducing the consumption of gas which is necessary for the pyrolysis.
  • the heat is provided from section 7 to tubes 5, 6 -made preferably in Incoloy DS, to withstand the corrosive condition encountered-via indirect thermal exchange, through the casing of tube 6, with the fumes coming from the same chamber 7.
  • the fumes are, then, preferably conveyed towards the heat recuperator 14, for the production of steam.
  • pomace can be used advantageously as a material intended for pyrolysis and activation, by using a combination between a tubular reactor and a pyrolysis temperature above 400°C, preferably 500°C.
  • the carbon exiting from discharge 9 is fed at 27 into a cooler 28, where thermal exchange occurs via a water source heat exchanger, fed from pipe 29.
  • the carbon is brought to a temperature below 200°C, preferably at a temperature ranging between room temperature and 100°C, most preferably at a temperature of about 50°C, for safety reasons.
  • the carbon now cooled down comes out from pipe 30, while steam comes out from pipe 31.
  • Discharge 30 feeds an elevator 32 which, in turn, feeds a hopper 33 that sends the cooled carbon, for example via a water screw, to reactor 26, heated by the combustion chamber 19.
  • the reactor can be composed of two axial tubes, one, internal, for preliminary heating and one, internal, for the actual reaction.
  • carbon is mixed with water and left to react at a temperature above 500°C.
  • the temperature ranges from a minimum of 500 to a maximum of 1,200°C, more preferably, the temperature is within a range of 700 to 1,000°C, 900°C being the most preferred temperature, a temperature at which optimum yield is obtained.
  • the water gas endothermic reaction occurs: C + H 2 O ---> CO + H 2
  • Activated carbon comes out from pipe 35, is sent to cooler 36, where it is cooled again with a water heat exchanger; exiting the cooler 36 through pipe 37, it is delivered in the appropriate tank 38, from which it can then be sent to use, in the most appropriate ways, possibly after selection of the product via micron screening (so as to collect the most suitable particle size), qualitative packaging and quantitative packaging, so as to be ready for shipment to markets of interest.
  • Exhaust fumes in 12 come out from the combustion chamber 19, which merge with those coming from 11 and fed together to the steam generator 14.
  • From the generator 14, exhaust fumes are sent through the pipe 15 to the furnace 16, which feeds also a turbine 17.
  • steam comes out from pipe 18 which feeds the reactor 26.
  • the combustion in chamber 19, in addition to gas produced during the activation in reactor 26, is also sustained by top-up gas, coming from tank 23 through pipe 20, while pipe 22 feeds the necessary air.
  • the fumes from this step are also then directed to a heat recuperator, to produce steam, which also brings an additional value for all the further processing it allows.
  • the gas produced in the pyrolysis reaction and/or in the reaction with steam is used in the combustion used for maintaining the reaction temperature, thus substantially reducing the need to add fresh fuel, such as illuminating gas, diesel oil or other.
  • the process of disposal according to the present invention transforms a waste product, even very abundant, such as pomace oil, into a valuable product, of massive industrial use, such as activated carbon, at an overall relatively modest energy consumption, partially sustained by the waste itself and with a surprisingly favourable yield, not adversely affected by the water contained within the waste itself.
  • a waste product even very abundant, such as pomace oil
  • a valuable product of massive industrial use, such as activated carbon

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
EP23175741.0A 2022-05-26 2023-05-26 Verfahren und anlage zur entsorung von oliventrester Pending EP4283192A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102022000011075A IT202200011075A1 (it) 2022-05-26 2022-05-26 Processo per lo smaltimento della sansa d'oliva

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EP4283192A1 true EP4283192A1 (de) 2023-11-29

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IT (1) IT202200011075A1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2236588A1 (de) 2009-04-02 2010-10-06 General Electric Company Verfahren zur Verwendung von Pyrolysewasser
WO2014012556A1 (en) * 2012-07-17 2014-01-23 Pyroneer A/S Apparatus and methods for gasification
US20200200383A1 (en) * 2018-11-24 2020-06-25 Serge Borys Non-polluting Biomass Waste Processor, Components and Processes for a Use by a Municipality, Industrial, Forestry and/or Agricultural Facility
CN214370214U (zh) 2021-01-31 2021-10-08 天津绿展环保科技有限公司 一种废弃物协同利用、处理生产线

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2236588A1 (de) 2009-04-02 2010-10-06 General Electric Company Verfahren zur Verwendung von Pyrolysewasser
WO2014012556A1 (en) * 2012-07-17 2014-01-23 Pyroneer A/S Apparatus and methods for gasification
US20200200383A1 (en) * 2018-11-24 2020-06-25 Serge Borys Non-polluting Biomass Waste Processor, Components and Processes for a Use by a Municipality, Industrial, Forestry and/or Agricultural Facility
CN214370214U (zh) 2021-01-31 2021-10-08 天津绿展环保科技有限公司 一种废弃物协同利用、处理生产线

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