EP4278033A1 - Biodegradable synthetic turf yarn - Google Patents
Biodegradable synthetic turf yarnInfo
- Publication number
- EP4278033A1 EP4278033A1 EP21819999.0A EP21819999A EP4278033A1 EP 4278033 A1 EP4278033 A1 EP 4278033A1 EP 21819999 A EP21819999 A EP 21819999A EP 4278033 A1 EP4278033 A1 EP 4278033A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- synthetic turf
- turf yarn
- yarn
- yarn according
- copolyester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004608 Heat Stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agent diagnostic Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001896 polybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004629 polybutylene adipate terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJGQBLRYBUAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1N1N=C2C=CC=CC2=N1 FJGQBLRYBUAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMRIVYANZGSGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-2h-triazin-5-one Chemical compound OC1=CN=NN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VMRIVYANZGSGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OKOBUGCCXMIKDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Irganox 1098 Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)NCCCCCCNC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 OKOBUGCCXMIKDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000386 athletic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000229 biodegradable polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004622 biodegradable polyester Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfite Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])=O GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004295 calcium sulphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010261 calcium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octadecanoyloxy)lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N drometrizole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002193 fatty amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001034 iron oxide pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004209 oxidized polyethylene wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013873 oxidized polyethylene wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012178 vegetable wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/445—Yarns or threads for use in floor fabrics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
- D01F6/84—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
- D05C—EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
- D05C17/00—Embroidered or tufted products; Base fabrics specially adapted for embroidered work; Inserts for producing surface irregularities in embroidered products
- D05C17/02—Tufted products
- D05C17/026—Tufted products characterised by the tufted pile surface
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0065—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by the pile
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/42—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by cutting films into narrow ribbons or filaments or by fibrillation of films or filaments
- D01D5/426—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by cutting films into narrow ribbons or filaments or by fibrillation of films or filaments by cutting films
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/92—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
- D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
- D06N2201/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06N2201/042—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
- D06N2201/045—Lignocellulosic fibres, e.g. jute, sisal, hemp, flax, bamboo
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/06—Properties of the materials having thermal properties
- D06N2209/067—Flame resistant, fire resistant
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/16—Properties of the materials having other properties
- D06N2209/1607—Degradability
- D06N2209/1614—Biodegradable
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
- D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/12—Physical properties biodegradable
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/20—Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles
- D10B2505/202—Artificial grass
Definitions
- the invention is directed to a biodegradable synthetic turf yarn, to a method of preparing said biodegradable synthetic turf yarn, to artificial turf comprising said biodegradable synthetic turf yarn, and to a method of preparing artificial turf.
- Artificial turf also known as synthetic turf or artificial grass
- synthetic turf is widely used in many applications including sports fields and landscaping as an alternative to (natural) grass.
- artificial turf is also used, e.g., on balconies, patios, pathways, playgrounds, etc.
- artificial turf combines playing characteristics, look and feel of natural grass, with the advantages of increased frequency of usage, extra revenue generation, safety, longer playing sessions, fewer cancelled games, and lowest cost per playing day.
- Artificial turf also offers some benefits for the environment. For example, real grass requires a lot of water whereas artificial turf does not. Additionally, real grass requires regular maintenance to keep it healthy and beautiful. Such maintenance typically involves fuel operated lawn mowers, trimmers, scarifiers, etc., that emit greenhouse gases. Further, artificial turf does not require weed killers, pesticides, fertilisers and herbicides, which may be harmful to the environment. Nonetheless, improvements can be made in order to make artificial turf more environmentally friendly.
- the materials used to prepare artificial turf can be improved.
- most of the artificial turf is still prepared from polyolefins, and more in particular polyethylene and polypropylene.
- Plastic waste has serious ecological impact. Plastic waste may be send to landfill (i.e. a disposal site for materials through burial) or may be incinerated, but both of these options still have serious implications for the environment. Another option is recycling, but recycling processes often lead to products of lower quality and economic value. Recycling of plastic products is therefore often termed ‘downcycling’. Additionally, much plastic waste is only recycled once or twice before ending up in landfill or being incinerated.
- WO-A-2007/114686 discloses a synthetic fibre for use in an artificial grass lawn that is at least partially made of a biodegradable material.
- the biodegradable material can be a starch component, optionally combined with an aliphatic polyester such as polylactic acid to influence the biodegradability over time.
- Polylactic acid is known for its relatively low flexibility and impact strength.
- KR-B-101 855 284 discloses an artificial turf structure that is prepared using polybutylene succinate-co-adipate (PBSA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) as biodegradable material.
- PBSA polybutylene succinate-co-adipate
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- biodegradable synthetic turf yarns in particular having good processability.
- biodegradable synthetic turf yarns that excel in mechanical properties, such as modulus of elasticity and/or resilience.
- Objective of the invention is to address one or more of these needs in the art.
- the invention is directed to a synthetic turf yarn, comprising an aliphatic polyester and a copolyester of butanediol, terephthalic acid, and a linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of succinic acid, adipic acid, and sebacic acid.
- the defined polyesters allow to prepare synthetic turf yarn that has excellent properties.
- the material used by the inventors allows approach the properties of conventional synthetic turf yarn that is prepared from linear low density polyethylene, in particular with respect to modulus of elasticity.
- the polyester materials used in synthetic turf yarn are biodegradable. If small pieces of the material would end up in the environment, then these bacteria and fungi will consume the material leaving no (or hardly any) detrimental remnants.
- the inventors further found that the combination of an aliphatic polyester and the defined polyesters provide superior processability.
- the synthetic turf yarn of the invention comprises a copolyester of butanediol, terephthalic acid, and a linear dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of succinic acid, adipic acid, and sebacic acid.
- a copolyester of butanediol, terephthalic acid, and a linear dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of succinic acid, adipic acid, and sebacic acid are examples of these copolyesters have high flexibility, excellent impact strength, and good melt processability.
- these copolyesters exhibit good biodegradability of about one year in soil, sea water and water with activated sludge.
- Copoly (butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) is also referred to as polybutylene succinate terephthalate (or PBST).
- Copoly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) is also referred to as polybutylene adipate terephthalate (or PBAT).
- Copoly(butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate) is also referred to as polybutylene sebacate terephthalate (or PBSeT).
- the copolyester is selected from cop oly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and cop oly (butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate). More preferably, the copolyester is copoly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate).
- PBAT is commercially available as EcoflexTM from BASF, as Eastar Bio® from Eastman Chemical, as Origo-Bi® from Novamont, as EcoPond® from Kingfa, and as Ecoword® from Jinhui.
- the content of the copolyester in the synthetic turf yarn can be in the range of 30-100 % by total weight of the yarn, preferably 40-98 %, such as 50-95 %, or 60-90 %.
- the amount of copolyester also depends on the intended application of the artificial turf in which the synthetic turf yarn is to be used. In particular, the copolyester provides the synthetic turf yarn with softness and elasticity.
- the synthetic turf yarn comprises an aliphatic polyester, preferably a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, such as one or more selected from the group consisting of polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene adipate (PBA), polybutylene sebacate (PBSe), and polybutylene succinate sebacate (PBSSe).
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- PBA polybutylene adipate
- PBSe polybutylene sebacate
- PBSSe polybutylene succinate sebacate
- the content of the additional aliphatic polyester in the synthetic turf yarn can be in the range of 1-70 % by total weight of the synthetic turf yarn, preferably 2-60 %, such as 5-50 %, or 10-40 %. Also the amount of the aliphatic polyester depends on the intended application of the artificial turf in which the synthetic turf yarn is to be used. In particular, the aliphatic polyester provides the synthetic turf yarn with stiffness.
- the weight ratio between the copolyester and the aliphatic polyester in the synthetic turf yarn can suitably be 40 : 60 to 90 : 10, preferably 45 : 55 to 80 : 20, such as 50 : 50 to 70 : 30.
- the synthetic turf yarn of the invention comprises a combination of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (or copoly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)) and polybutylene succinate.
- polybutylene adipate terephthalate or copoly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)
- polybutylene succinate Such a combination was found to exhibit particularly good processability.
- the amounts and weight ratios of this specific copolyester and aliphatic polyester can then be as described above.
- the synthetic turf yarn of the invention comprises a combination of copoly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and polybutylene succinate in a weight ratio of cop oly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) to polybutylene succinate of 1.0 or lower, such as 0.8 or lower, 0.6 or lower, 0.5 or lower, 0.4 or lower, such as in the range of 0.1-0.8, in the range of 0.1-0.6, in the range of 0.1-0.5, or in the range of 0.1-0.4.
- biodegradable polymers in the synthetic turf yarn of the invention, for example, in order to finetune the degradation rate of the material in soil.
- further biodegradable polymers include poly (lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and starch polymers.
- a means of increasing the degradation rate of the material is further to include natural fibre in the synthetic turf yarn of the invention.
- suitable natural fibres include bast fibres, leaf fibres, grass fibres, straw fibres and seed fibres.
- such natural fibres may be used in amounts of up to 20 % by total weight of the yarn, preferably 0.5-15, such as 1-10 %, or 2-8 %.
- additives may be included in the synthetic turf yarn of the invention as desired.
- suitable additives include fillers, antioxidants, compatibilisers, flame retardants, colouring agents, heat stabilisers, processing aids, antioxidants, UV stabilisers, UV absorbers, and pigments.
- Such additives may be present in amounts up to 10 % by total weight of the yarn, such as 0.01-10 %, 0.05-8 %, or 0.1-5 %. If additives are used, it is preferred to use additives that are environmentally friendly, and more preferably biodegradable.
- Suitable fillers include talc, mica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate, magnesium carbonate, clay, alumina, silica, calcium sulphate, carbon fibres, glass fibres, metal fibres, silica sand, carbon black, titanium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, zeolite, molybdenum, diatomaceous earth, sericite, calcium hydroxide, calcium sulphite, sodium sulphate, bentonite and graphite.
- Such fillers may be used in combination with the copolyester to increase hardness of the resulting synthetic turf yarn.
- Fillers may be present in an amount of 5 % or less by total weight of the yarn, preferably 3 % or less, such as 2 % or less, or 1 % or less. High amounts of filler can negatively affect properties such as wear resistance, roughness, resilience and/or stiffness.
- pigments include inorganic pigments that are suitably coloured to provide an aesthetic appeal including various shades of green, white (TiO2, rutile), iron oxide pigments, and any other colour.
- antioxidants include: hindered phenols, phosphites and phosphonites, thio compounds, various siloxanes, alkylated diphenylamines, and other hindered amine antidegradants or stabilisers.
- Antioxidants can be used in amounts of 0.1 to 5 % by total weight of the yarn.
- processing aids include metal salts of carboxylic acids, fatty acids, fatty amides, polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, polymers of ethylene oxide, copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, vegetable waxes, petroleum waxes, non-ionic surfactants, and poly siloxanes. Processing aids can suitably be used in amounts of 0.05-5 % by total weight of the yarn.
- UV stabilisers and UV absorbers examples include hindered amine light stabilisers, benzophenone, benzotriazole, hydroxyphenyl triazine, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, Uvinol 3000, Tinuvin P, Irganox 1098, Uvinol 3008, Lavinix, BHT, Tinuvin 320, Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076, and Irgafos 168.
- hindered amine light stabilisers benzophenone, benzotriazole, hydroxyphenyl triazine, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, Uvinol 3000, Tinuvin P, Irganox 1098, Uvinol 3008, Lavinix, BHT, Tinuvin 320, Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076, and Irgafos 168.
- the thickness of the synthetic turf yarn can be 0.05 to 0.80 mm, such as 0.06-0.70, preferably 0.08 to 0.60 mm, or 0.10 to 0.50 mm.
- the width of the synthetic turf yarn can be 0.5-15 mm, such as 0.7-12 mm, preferably 0.8 to 10 mm, 1.0 to 8.0 mm, 1.2 to 5.0 mm, or 1.5 to 3 mm.
- the synthetic turf yarn of the invention suitably has good flexibility and/or resilience.
- the tenacity (i.e. ratio of the breaking strength to the linear density of the unstrained specimen, expressed in centinewtons per tex) of the synthetic turf yarn, as measured at break according to BS EN 13864:2004 is preferably in the range of 1-50 cN/tex, preferably 3-30 cN/tex, more preferably 5-20 cN/tex.
- the tenacity can be finetuned by inclusion of the aliphatic polyester. Higher content of aliphatic polyester will lead to higher tenacity values.
- a further parameter that can be used to adapt the properties of the material is the amount of applied stretching. This can range, for instance, from 2-9 %, preferably 3-8 %, such as 4-7 %.
- the invention is directed to a method of preparing a synthetic turf yarn according to the invention, comprising extruding a composition comprising an aliphatic polyester and a copolyester of butanediol, terephthalic acid and a linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of succinic acid, adipic acid, and sebacic acid.
- the composition may comprise or may consist of the combination of aliphatic polyester and copolyester.
- Synthetic turf yarn of the invention can be prepared from tapes or from filaments. Both preparation processes involve extrusion.
- the polymer composition is extruded into a film which is subsequently cut into fibres or tapes.
- the film may be prepared by any conventional film formation process including extrusion procedures, such as cast film or blown film extrusion, lamination processes or any combination thereof.
- the film may be a monolayer or multilayer film, e.g. a coextruded multilayer film. In the case of a multilayer film, preferably, the film layers may comprise the same or different polymer composition.
- the tapes into which the films are cut can have a thickness of up to 200 pm, such as 10-150 pm, 25-125 pm, or 50-100 pm.
- the tapes can have a width of up to 2.0 cm, such as 0.1-1.8 cm, 0.2-1.5 cm, 0.4-1.2 cm, or 0.5-1.0 cm.
- the polymer composition is extruded in an extruder that is equipped with a specific turf yarn die that typically has multiple single holes for individual filaments distributed over a circular or rectangular spin plate.
- the shape of the holes corresponds to the desired yarn cross-section profile, including for example, rectangular, dog-bone, and V-shaped.
- Multiple individual filaments may be wrapped or twisted together into a synthetic turf yarn.
- the yarn may consist of a single filament.
- the filaments can have a thickness of 10-1000 pm, such as 50-800 pm, 100-700 pm, or 200-500 pm.
- the filaments can have a width of up to 3 mm, such as 0.1-2.5 mm, 0.2-2 mm, or 0.5-1.5 mm.
- composition can be extruded into a film which is subsequently cut into fibres or tapes, or composition can be extruded into filaments (and optionally multiple filaments may be weaved), to produce a synthetic turf yarn.
- the method suitably comprises a step of blending the different components into a composition prior to the extrusion step. If necessary, blending may be accompanied by exposure to ultrasound in order to increase the homogeneity of the blend.
- the invention is directed to artificial turf comprising the synthetic turf yarn according to the invention.
- the artificial turf can optionally comprise infill material. It is preferred that such infill material comprises or is a natural material, a biodegradable material, or any combination thereof.
- Natural infill material includes, e.g., silica (sand), cork, coconut fibre, rice husks, walnut shells, olive stones, and combinations thereof.
- Biodegradable infill material is, for example, commercially available as GreenFill from EdelGrass.
- the artificial turf of the invention can be prepared by inserting tufts of synthetic turf yarn according to the invention in an artificial turf backing. Accordingly, tufts are formed by clusters of yarn or fibre drawn through a fabric of the backing and projecting from the surface in the form of loops or cut yarn. The tufts of yarn are typically held in place in the backing by an adhesive, commonly referred to as a back coat, that is normally applied to the backside of the backing to enhance locking or anchoring of tufts to the backing. Suitable material for the back coat includes, for instance, carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex.
- SBR carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber
- the artificial turf as described herein is particularly suitable for landscapes, such as commercial, recreational, and residential landscapes, parks, sports fields, such as sports fields for contact sports, ball sports, and athletics, playgrounds, and gardens.
- the two polymers were melt blended in different ratios on a twin screw extruder (24 mm Collin Laboratory extruder) and directly small tapes were produced. Dimensions of the unstretched tapes were around 10-13 mm width and a thickness of 400-500 pm. The unstretched tapes were then (in-line) heated in an oven and stretched 3-6 times to obtain increased mechanical properties.
- the end tapes were between 2-4 mm width and a thickness of 150-200 pm.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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EP20211326 | 2020-12-02 | ||
PCT/NL2021/050732 WO2022119444A1 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | Biodegradable synthetic turf yarn |
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US (1) | US20240011201A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP4278033A1 (zh) |
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JP3659379B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-28 | 2005-06-15 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | 人工芝用原糸およびそれを用いた人工芝 |
NL1031515C2 (nl) | 2006-04-05 | 2007-10-08 | Ten Cate Thiolon Bv | Kunststofvezel in het bijzonder een kunststofvezel voor toepassing in een kunstgrasveld, alsmede een kunstgrasveld voorzien van een dergelijke kunststofvezel. |
US20120107527A1 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-03 | Basf Se | Use of polymer blends for producing slit film tapes |
US9855682B2 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2018-01-02 | Columbia Insurance Company | Methods of recycling synthetic turf, methods of using reclaimed synthetic turf, and products comprising same |
EP2920244B1 (de) * | 2012-11-15 | 2017-01-11 | Basf Se | Biologisch abbaubare polyestermischung |
NL2014875B1 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-01-31 | Ten Cate Thiolon Bv | Artificial Turf System. |
NL2017214B1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-31 | Synbra Tech B V | Artificial turf suitable for sports fields |
NL2018864B1 (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-14 | Synbra Tech B V | Artificial turf suitable for sports fields |
KR101855284B1 (ko) | 2017-10-17 | 2018-05-04 | 주식회사 미도플러스 | 생분해성 소재를 이용한 인조잔디 구조체 |
EP3480361A1 (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-08 | Polytex Sportbeläge Produktions-GmbH | Artificial turf fiber with a non-circular cladding |
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- 2021-12-02 US US18/255,834 patent/US20240011201A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-02 WO PCT/NL2021/050732 patent/WO2022119444A1/en active Application Filing
- 2021-12-02 CN CN202180092501.5A patent/CN117222784A/zh active Pending
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