EP4276872A1 - Mittelspannungsschaltvorrichtung - Google Patents

Mittelspannungsschaltvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4276872A1
EP4276872A1 EP22173047.6A EP22173047A EP4276872A1 EP 4276872 A1 EP4276872 A1 EP 4276872A1 EP 22173047 A EP22173047 A EP 22173047A EP 4276872 A1 EP4276872 A1 EP 4276872A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
movable
fixed
switching apparatus
movable contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22173047.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierluigi Invernizzi
Simone Rambaldini
Roberto TASSIS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
ABB Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Schweiz AG filed Critical ABB Schweiz AG
Priority to EP22173047.6A priority Critical patent/EP4276872A1/de
Priority to CN202310452773.2A priority patent/CN117059429A/zh
Publication of EP4276872A1 publication Critical patent/EP4276872A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H01H33/125—Load break switches comprising a separate circuit breaker
    • H01H33/126—Load break switches comprising a separate circuit breaker being operated by the distal end of a sectionalising contact arm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H01H33/122—Load break switches both breaker and sectionaliser being enclosed, e.g. in SF6-filled container
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/6606—Terminal arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H01H33/56—Gas reservoirs
    • H01H2033/566—Avoiding the use of SF6
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/14—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with bridging contact that is not electrically connected to either line contact in open position of switch
    • H01H31/16—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with bridging contact that is not electrically connected to either line contact in open position of switch with angularly-movable bridging contact or contact-carrying member

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching apparatus for medium voltage electric systems, more particularly to a load-break switch for medium voltage electric systems.
  • Load-break switches are well known in the state of the art.
  • These switching apparatuses which are generally used in secondary distribution electric grids, are capable of providing circuit-breaking functionalities (namely breaking and making a current) under specified circuit conditions (typically nominal or overload conditions) as well as providing circuit-disconnecting functionalities (namely grounding a load-side section of an electric circuit).
  • Some load-break switches have been developed, in which electric poles are immersed in pressurized dry air or other environment-friendly insulation gases, such as mixtures of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and/or fluorinated gases. Unfortunately, the experience has shown that these switching apparatuses generally do not show fully satisfactory performances, particularly in terms of arc-quenching capabilities.
  • a contact arrangement has electric contacts operating in an atmosphere filled with an environment-friendly insulating gas or air and it is designed for carrying most of the current flowing along the electric pole as well as driving possible switching manoeuvres.
  • Another contact arrangement instead, has electric contacts operating in a vacuum atmosphere and it is specifically designed for quenching the electric arcs arising when the current flowing along the electric pole is interrupted.
  • the main aim of the present invention is to provide a switching apparatus for MV electric systems that allows solving or mitigating the above-mentioned technical problems.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a switching apparatus showing high levels of reliability in operation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a switching apparatus having electric poles with high compactness and structural simplicity.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a switching apparatus that can be easily manufactured at industrial level, at competitive costs with respect to the solutions of the state of the art.
  • the present invention provides a switching apparatus, according to the following claim 1 and the related dependent claims.
  • the switching apparatus of the invention comprises one or more electric poles.
  • the switching apparatus For each electric pole, the switching apparatus comprises a first pole terminal, a second pole terminal and a ground terminal.
  • the first pole terminal can be electrically coupled to a first conductor of an electric line
  • the second pole terminal can be electrically coupled to a second conductor of said electric line
  • the ground terminal can be electrically coupled to a grounding conductor.
  • the switching apparatus For each electric pole, the switching apparatus comprises a plurality of fixed contacts spaced apart one from another. Such a plurality of fixed contacts comprises a first fixed contact electrically connected to the first pole terminal, a second fixed contact electrically connected to the second pole terminal, a third fixed contact electrically connected to the ground terminal and a fourth fixed contact, which, in operation, can be connected electrically to the second fixed contact.
  • the switching apparatus further comprises a movable contact, which is reversibly movable about a corresponding rotation axis according to opposite first and second rotation directions, so that said movable contact can be mechanically and electrically coupled to or uncoupled from one or more of the above-mentioned fixed contacts.
  • the switching apparatus further comprises a vacuum interrupter, which comprises a fixed arc contact electrically connected to the fourth fixed contact, a movable arc contact electrically connected to the first fixed contact and reversibly movable along a corresponding translation axis between a coupled position with the fixed arc contact and an uncoupled position from the fixed arc contact.
  • the vacuum interrupter additionally comprises a vacuum chamber, in which the fixed arc contact and the movable arc contact are enclosed and can couple or decouple.
  • the switching apparatus further comprises a motion transmission mechanism mechanically coupled to the movable arc contact.
  • a motion transmission mechanism is actuatable by said movable contact, when said movable contact moves about said rotation axis, in order to cause a movement of said movable arc contact along said translation axis.
  • said motion transmission mechanism comprises at least a lever member and at least a spring member.
  • Each lever member is pivoted on a fixed support at a first hinge axis and on said movable arc contact at a second hinge axis.
  • Each spring member id pivoted on a fixed support at a third hinge axis and on a corresponding lever member at a fourth hinge axis.
  • each lever member of said motion transmission mechanism comprises first and second lever arms spaced apart one from another and extending towards said movable contact. Said first and second lever arms are configured so that they are alternatively actuatable by said movable contact at different points of the motion trajectory of said movable contact.
  • first and second lever arms of each lever member extend towards said movable contact along different directions in such a way to intersect the motion trajectory of said movable contact at different points of said motion trajectory, depending on the configuration taken by said motion transmission mechanism.
  • the first lever arm of each lever member is actuated by said movable contact when said movable contact moves according to said first rotation direction while the second lever arm of each lever member is actuated by said movable contact when said movable contact moves according to said second rotation direction.
  • first lever arm of each lever member is actuated by said movable contact at a first point of the motion trajectory of said movable contact, when said movable contact moves according to said first rotation direction and it electrically connects the fourth fixed contact to the second fixed contact
  • second lever arm of each lever member is actuated by said movable contact at a second point of the motion trajectory of said movable contact, when said movable contact moves according to said second rotation direction and it electrically connects the first fixed contact to the second fixed contact.
  • said movable contact comprises, at a first movable contact region, at least a coupling member configured to couple mechanically to the first and second lever arms of said at least a lever member, in such a way to actuate said at least a lever member.
  • said motion transmission mechanism comprises a pair of lever members arranged in parallel one to another at opposite sides of said vacuum interrupter and a pair of second lever members arranged in parallel one to another at said opposite sides of said vacuum chamber.
  • said motion transmission mechanism is configured to take alternatively a first configuration, at said movable arc contact is in said coupled position, and a second configuration, at which said movable arc contact is in said uncoupled position.
  • said motion transmission mechanism is configured to maintain stably said first configuration or said second configuration, if the lever arms of each lever member are not actuated by said movable contact.
  • said motion transmission mechanism is configured to change configuration, if a lever arm of each lever member is actuated by said movable contact.
  • said motion transmission mechanism is configured to switch from said first configuration to said second configuration upon an actuation of the first lever arm of each lever member by said movable contact and is configured to switch from said second configuration to said first configuration upon an actuation of the second lever arm of each lever member by said movable contact.
  • a transition of said motion transmission mechanism from said first configuration to said second configuration causes a movement of said movable arc contact from said coupled position to said uncoupled position while a transition of said motion transmission mechanism from said second configuration to said first configuration causes a movement of said movable arc contact from said uncoupled position to said coupled position.
  • each movable contact region of said movable contact comprises at least a contact blade, more preferably a pair of parallel contact blades.
  • the present invention relates to a switching apparatus 1 for medium voltage electric systems.
  • MV intermediate voltage
  • MV relates to operating voltages at electric power distribution level, which are higher than 1 kV AC and 1.5 kV DC up to some tens of kV, e.g. up to 72 kV AC and 100 kV DC.
  • terminal and “contact” should be hereinafter intended, unless otherwise specified, as “electric terminal” and “electric contact”, respectively, thereby referring to electrical components suitably arranged to be electrically connected or coupled to other electrical conductors.
  • the switching apparatus 1 is particularly adapted to operate as a load-break switch. It is therefore designed for providing circuit-breaking functionalities under specified circuit conditions (nominal or overload conditions) as well as circuit-disconnecting functionalities, in particular grounding a load-side section of an electric circuit.
  • the switching apparatus 1 is of the multi-phase (e.g. three-phase) type and it comprises a plurality (e.g. three) of electric poles 2.
  • the switching apparatus 1 preferably comprises an insulating housing 4, which conveniently defines an internal volume where the electric poles 2 are accommodated.
  • the insulating housing 4 has an elongated shape (e.g. substantially cylindrical) developing along a main longitudinal axis.
  • the electric poles 2 are arranged side by side along corresponding transversal planes perpendicular the main longitudinal axis of the switching apparatus.
  • the insulating housing 4 is formed by an upper shell 41 and a lower shell 42 that are mutually joined along suitable coupling edges.
  • the insulating housing 4 For each electric pole, the insulating housing 4 comprises a first bushing 43 protruding from a top region of the upper shell 41 and a second bushing 44 protruding from a bottom region of the second shell 42 (reference is made to a normal operating positioning of the switching apparatus as shown in figure 1 ).
  • the switching apparatus of the invention may be installed in a cubicle together with other electric devices.
  • the switching apparatus may not comprise a dedicated housing as shown in the cited figures.
  • the internal volume of the switching apparatus 1 is filled with pressurized dry air or another insulating gas having a low environmental impact, such as a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and/or a fluorinated gas.
  • pressurized dry air or another insulating gas having a low environmental impact such as a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and/or a fluorinated gas.
  • the switching apparatus 1 For each electric pole 2, the switching apparatus 1 comprises a first pole terminal 11, a second pole terminal 12 and a ground terminal 13.
  • the first pole terminal 11 is configured to be electrically coupled to a first conductor of an electric line (e.g. a phase conductor electrically connected to an equivalent electric power source)
  • the second pole terminal 12 is configured to be electrically connected to a second conductor of an electric line (e.g. a phase conductor electrically connected to an equivalent electric load) while the ground terminal 13 is configured to be electrically connected to a grounding conductor.
  • the first pole terminal 11 is at least partially accommodated in the first bushing 43 while the second pole terminal 12 is at least partially accommodated in the second bushing 44.
  • the first and second pole terminals 11, 12 are arranged at opposite sides of the switching apparatus.
  • the switching apparatus 1 For each electric pole 2, the switching apparatus 1 comprises a plurality of fixed contacts, which are spaced apart one from another around the main longitudinal axis of the switching apparatus.
  • the switching apparatus 1 comprises a first fixed contact 5, a second fixed contact 6, a third fixed contact 7 and a fourth fixed contact 8.
  • the first fixed contact 5 is electrically connected to the first pole terminal 11
  • the second fixed contact 6 is electrically connected to the second pole terminal 12
  • the third fixed contact 7 is electrically connected to the ground terminal 13
  • the fourth fixed contact 8 is electrically connected to a vacuum interrupter of the switching apparatus as better explained in the following.
  • the switching apparatus 1 comprises, for each electric pole 2, a movable contact 10 reversibly movable (along a given plane of rotation) about a corresponding rotation axis A1, which is substantially parallel to or coinciding with the main longitudinal axis of the switching apparatus.
  • the movable contact 10 can rotate according to a first rotation direction R1, which is conveniently oriented away from the first fixed contact 5, or according to a second rotation direction R2, which is opposite to the first rotation direction R1 and is oriented towards the first fixed contact 5 ( figure 2 ).
  • a first rotation direction R1 which is conveniently oriented away from the first fixed contact 5
  • a second rotation direction R2 which is opposite to the first rotation direction R1 and is oriented towards the first fixed contact 5 ( figure 2 ).
  • the above-mentioned first rotation direction R1 is oriented counter-clockwise while the above-mentioned second rotation direction R2 is oriented clockwise.
  • the switching apparatus 1 is capable of switching in three different operating states, namely:
  • the switching apparatus 1 may be of the "single-disconnection" type (not shown) or “double-disconnection” type (as shown in the cited figures) depending on how the current path through each electric pole is interrupted, when the switching apparatus reaches an open state.
  • the movable contact 10 is electrically coupled to the second fixed contact 6 and is electrically decoupled from the remaining fixed contacts 5, 7, 8, when the switching apparatus is in an open state.
  • the current path through each electric pole is thus interrupted only at one end of the movable contact ("single-disconnection").
  • the movable contact 10 is electrically decoupled from any fixed contact 5, 6, 7, 8, when the switching apparatus is in an open state.
  • the current path through each electric pole is thus interrupted at both ends of the movable contact ("double-disconnection").
  • the switching apparatus 1 is capable of carrying out different type of manoeuvres, each corresponding to a transition among the above-mentioned operating states.
  • the switching apparatus is capable of carrying out:
  • the switching apparatus can switch from a closed state to a grounded state by carrying out an opening manoeuvre and subsequently a disconnecting manoeuvre while the switching apparatus can switch from a grounded state to a closed state by carrying out a reconnecting manoeuvre and subsequently a closing opening manoeuvre.
  • the movable contact 10 of each electric pole is suitably driven according to the above-mentioned first rotation direction R1 or second rotation direction R2.
  • the movable contact 10 moves according to the first rotation direction R1 during an opening manoeuvre or a disconnecting manoeuvre of the switching apparatus and it moves according to the second rotation direction R2 during a closing manoeuvre or a reconnecting manoeuvre of the switching apparatus.
  • the movable contact 10 of each electric pole is reversibly movable between a first end-of-run position P A , which corresponds to a closed state of the switching apparatus ( figure 2 ), and a second end-of-run position P C , which corresponds to a grounded state of the switching apparatus ( figure 13 ).
  • the movable contact 10 passes through an intermediate position P B , which corresponds to an open state of the switching apparatus ( figure 8 ), when it moves between the first and second end-of-run positions P A , P C .
  • the movable contact 10 can be mechanically and electrically coupled to or uncoupled from one or more of the fixed contacts 5, 6, 7, 8 thereby being electrically connecting or electrically disconnecting these fixed contacts depending on the on-going manoeuvre.
  • the movable contact 10 When it is in the first end-of-run position P A (closed state of the switching apparatus), the movable contact 10 is coupled to the first fixed contact 5 and to the second fixed contact 6 and it electrically connects these fixed contacts and, consequently, the first and second pole terminals 11, 12.
  • the movable contact 10 When it is in the second end-of-run position Pc (grounded state of the switching apparatus), the movable contact 10 is coupled to the second fixed contact 6 and to the third fixed contact 7 and it electrically connects these fixed contacts 6, 7 and, consequently, the second and third pole terminals 12, 13.
  • the above-mentioned fixed contacts 5, 6, 7, 8 are formed by corresponding pieces of conductive material, which are suitably shaped according to the needs.
  • the first fixed contact 5 is formed by a blade-shaped conductive body having a contoured end coupled to the first pole terminal 11 and a blade-shaped free end for coupling to the movable contact 10.
  • the second fixed contact 6 is formed by an arc-shaped conductive body extending partially around the rotation axis A1 of the movable contact 10 and having contoured ends and protrusions for coupling to the movable contact 10.
  • the third fixed contact 7 is formed by a blade-shaped conductive body having a contoured end coupled to the third pole terminal 13 and a blade-shaped free end and a blade-shaped free end for coupling to the movable contact 10.
  • the fourth contact 8 is formed by a L-shaped conductive body having the shorter leg mechanically and electrically coupled to a vacuum interrupter of the switching apparatus and a longer arc-shaped leg slidingly couplable to the movable contact 10.
  • the movable contact 10 has a pair of movable contact regions 10A, 10B for coupling with the fixed contacts 5, 6, 7, 8 ( figures 2 , 8 , 13 ). Said contact regions are located at opposite positions relative to the rotation axis A1 of the movable contact 10 and are preferably aligned one to another along a same direction.
  • the movable contact 10 and the fixed contacts 5, 6, 7, 8 are arranged so that, in operation:
  • the movable contact 10 when it is in the first end-of-run position P A , the movable contact 10 has the first movable contact region 10A coupled to the first fixed contact 5 and the second movable contact region 10B coupled to the second fixed contact 6. As mentioned above, in this situation, the movable contact 10 electrically connects the first and second fixed contacts 5, 6 and, consequently, the first and second pole terminals 11, 12.
  • the movable contact 10 When it is in the intermediate position P B , the movable contact 10 has no contact regions coupled to fixed contacts and it is therefore electrically disconnected from these latter.
  • the movable contact 10 when it is in the second end-of-run position P C , the movable contact 10 has the first movable contact region 10A coupled to the second fixed contact 6 and the second movable contact region 10B coupled to the third fixed contact 7. As mentioned above, in this situation, the movable contact 10 electrically connects the second and third fixed contacts 6, 7 and, consequently, the second pole terminal 12 and the ground terminal 13.
  • the movable contact 10 slidingly couples (at the first movable contact region 10A) to the fourth fixed contact 8.
  • the first fixed contact 5 and the fourth fixed contact 8 are relatively positioned along the motion trajectory of the movable contact 10, so that the movable contact 10 couples to the fourth fixed contact 8 before decoupling from the first fixed contact 5, when said movable contact moves according to the first rotation direction R1, and so that the movable contact 10 couples to the first fixed contact 5 before decoupling from the fourth fixed contact 8, when said movable contact moves according to said second rotation direction R2.
  • the movable contact 10 is formed by a shaped piece of conductive material.
  • the movable contact 10 is formed by an elongated conductive body centred on the rotation axis A1 and having a first contoured end forming the first movable contact region 10A and a second contoured end (opposite to the first end 10A relative to the rotation axis A1) forming the second movable contact region 10B.
  • each movable contact region 10A, 10B of the movable contact 10 comprises at least a contact blade, more preferably a pair of parallel contact blades.
  • the switching apparatus 1 comprises an actuation assembly providing suitable actuation forces to actuate the movable contacts 10 of the electric poles.
  • such an actuation assembly comprises a motion transmission shaft 9 made of electrically insulating material, which can rotate about the rotation axis A1 and it is coupled to the movable contacts 10 of the electric poles 2.
  • the motion transmission shaft 9 thus provides rotational mechanical forces to actuate the movable contacts 10 during the manoeuvres of the switching apparatus.
  • the above-mentioned actuation assembly preferably comprises an actuator (not shown) coupled to the transmission shaft through a suitable kinematic chain.
  • the actuator may be, for example, a mechanical actuator, an electric motor or an electromagnetic actuator.
  • the actuation assembly of the switching apparatus may be realized according to solutions of known type. Therefore, in the following, it will be described only in relation to the aspects of interest of the invention, for the sake of brevity.
  • the switching apparatus 1 for each electric pole 2, the switching apparatus 1 comprises a vacuum interrupter 20.
  • the vacuum interrupter 20 comprises a fixed arc contact 21 electrically connected to the fourth fixed contact 8 (at the shorter leg of the conductive body forming this latter).
  • the fixed arc contact 21 is formed by an elongated piece of conductive material having one end coupled to the fourth fixed contact 8 and an opposite free end intended to be coupled to or decoupled from another arc contact.
  • the vacuum interrupter 20 comprises a movable arc contact 22 reversibly movable along a corresponding translation axis A, which is preferably aligned with a main longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the movable arc contact 22 can be coupled to or uncoupled from the fixed arc contact 21, thereby being electrically connected to or electrically disconnected from this latter.
  • the movable arc contact 22 is electrically connected to the first fixed contact 5.
  • the movable arc contact 22 can be slidingly coupled to the first fixed contact 5, as shown in the cited figures.
  • the movable arc contact 22 can be electrically connected to the fixed contact 5 through a conductor (e.g. a flexible conductor) or other equivalent connection means.
  • the movable arc contact 22 is formed by an elongated piece of conductive material having a first free end (e.g. having a forked shape as shown in the cited figures) slidingly coupled to the first fixed contact 5 and an opposite second free end intended to be coupled with or decoupled from the fixed contact 21.
  • a first free end e.g. having a forked shape as shown in the cited figures
  • the vacuum interrupter 20 comprises a vacuum chamber 23, in which a vacuum atmosphere is present.
  • the fixed arc contact 21 and the movable arc contact 22 are at least partially enclosed in the vacuum chamber 23, so that they have respective contact regions that can be mutually coupled or decoupled inside said vacuum chamber, therefore while being permanently immersed in a vacuum atmosphere.
  • the vacuum interrupter 20 comprises a fixed support structure 25 made of electrically insulating material to hold the vacuum chamber 23 in its operating position.
  • the switching apparatus 1 For each electric pole 2, the switching apparatus 1 comprises a motion transmission mechanism 30 operatively coupled to the movable arc contact 22 and actuatable by the movable contact 10 to cause a movement of the movable arc contact 22, when such a movable contact moves about its rotation axis A1.
  • the motion transmission mechanism 30 comprises one or more lever members 31, each pivoted on a fixed support (preferably the fixed support 25 of the vacuum interrupter) at a first hinge axis H1 and on the movable contact 22 at a second hinge axis H2.
  • the motion transmission mechanism 30 comprises one or more spring members members 32, each pivoted on a fixed support (preferably the fixed support 25 of the vacuum interrupter) at a third hinge axis H3 and on a corresponding lever member 31 at a fourth hinge axis H4.
  • the mechanical connections between the above-illustrated components of the motion transmission mechanism 30 may be realized according to known solutions, e.g. through pins, screws, rivets, and the like.
  • hinge axes H1, H2, H3, H4 of the lever members 31 and spring members 32 are parallel to the rotation axis A1 of the movable contact 10.
  • each lever member 31 comprises first and second lever arms 311, 312 spaced apart one to another and extending towards the movable contact 10.
  • the first and second lever arms 311, 312 of each lever member 31 are configured so that they are alternatively actuatable by the movable contact 10 at different points of the motion trajectory of said movable contact.
  • the first and second lever arms 311, 312 are configured so that they can alternatively intersect the motion trajectory of the movable contact 10 depending on the configuration taken by the motion transmission mechanism 30.
  • each lever member 31 has the first and second lever arms 311, 312 configured so that the first lever arm 311 of each lever member 31 is actuated by the movable contact 10, when said movable contact moves according to the first rotation direction R1, and so that the second lever arm 312 of each lever member 31 is actuated by the movable contact 10, when said movable contact moves according to the second rotation direction R2.
  • each lever member 31 has first and second lever arms 311, 312 configured so that:
  • each lever member 31 is made of electrically insulating material.
  • each lever member 31 is preferably formed by a body of electrically insulating material with a reversed-U shaped configuration, in which the first and second lever arms 311, 312 forms the legs of said insulating body.
  • Each lever arm 311,312 has a suitable profile designed to synchronize the actuation of the lever arm 31 (and of the arc movable contact 22) by the movable contact 10 with the movements of the movable contact itself, as explained above.
  • each spring member 32 is formed by a spring coaxially arranged along a supporting body of electrically insulating material.
  • the motion transmission mechanism 30 comprises a pair of lever members 31 and a pair of spring members 32 arranged in parallel one to another at opposite sides of the vacuum interrupter 20.
  • the motion transmission mechanism 30 advantageously comprises at least a reinforcement member 33 joining the parallel lever arms 312 of the lever members 31 ( figure 15 ).
  • the movable contact 10 comprises, at the first movable contact region 10A, one or more coupling members 10C configured to couple mechanically, in an alternate manner, with the first and second lever arms 311, 312 of one or more corresponding lever members 31 in such a way to actuate these latter.
  • each coupling member 10C is formed by a coupling pin protruding perpendicularly from a corresponding contact blade of the first movable contact region 10A.
  • the movable contact 10 includes a pair of contact pins 10C, which protrude perpendicularly, along opposite directions, from the contact blades of the movable contact region 10A.
  • the motion transmission mechanism 30 is configured to take alternatively a first configuration C1 and a second configuration C2.
  • the first configuration C1 of the motion transmission mechanism 30 corresponds to a closed condition of the vacuum interrupter 20, in the sense that, when the motion transmission mechanism takes this configuration, the movable arc contact 22 is in a coupled position P3 with the fixed arc contact 21.
  • the second configuration C2 of the motion transmission mechanism 30 instead corresponds to an open condition of the vacuum interrupter 20, in the sense that, when the motion transmission mechanism takes this configuration, the movable arc contact 22 is in an uncoupled position P4 from the fixed arc contact 21.
  • the motion transmission mechanism 30 is configured to maintain stably the first configuration C1 or the second configuration C2, if the lever arms 311, 312 of each lever member 31 are not actuated by the movable contact 10.
  • the motion transmission mechanism 10 is configured to switch its configuration, upon an actuation of the lever arms 311, 312 of each lever member 31 by the movable contact 10. Any transition of configuration of the motion transmission mechanism 30 causes a corresponding movement of the arc movable contact 10 and a consequent change of condition of the vacuum interrupter 20.
  • the motion transmission mechanism 30 is configured to switch from the first configuration C1 to the second configuration C2 upon an actuation of the first lever arm 311 of each lever member 31 by the movable contact 10 at a first point of the motion trajectory of the movable contact 10, while this latter is moving according to the first rotation direction R1 and it electrically connects the fourth fixed contact 8 to the second fixed contact 6 (as it is coupled to said fixed contacts).
  • the transition of the motion transmission mechanism 30 from the first configuration C1 to the second configuration C2 causes a corresponding movement of the movable arc contact 22 from the coupled position P3 to the uncoupled position P4.
  • the motion transmission mechanism 30 is configured to switch from the second configuration C2 to the first configuration C1 upon an actuation by the movable contact 10 at a second point of the motion trajectory of the movable contact 10, while this latter is moving according to the second rotation direction R2 and it electrically connects the first fixed contact 5 to the second fixed contact 6 (since it is coupled to said fixed contacts).
  • the transition of the motion transmission mechanism 30 from the second configuration C2 to the first configuration C1 causes a corresponding movement of the movable arc contact 22 from the uncoupled position P4 to the coupled position P3.
  • Figures 3-5 show the motion transmission mechanism 30 in the first configuration C1.
  • each spring member 32 is in a first position, at which the movable arc contact 22 is in the coupled position P3 with the fixed arc contact 21.
  • each lever member 31 is not aligned with the hinge axes H3, H4 of each spring member 32.
  • the lever members 31 and the spring members 32 are relatively positioned one to another, so that the motion transmission mechanism 30 does not exert any force on the movable arc contact 22.
  • each lever member 31 rotates about the first hinge axis H1 (according to a clockwise direction with reference to the observation plane of figures 3-7 ).
  • each spring member 32 moves away from the above-mentioned first position and it travels towards a second position, at which the movable arc contact 22 is in the uncoupled position P4 from the fixed arc contact 21 ( figures 6-7 ).
  • Each spring member 32 stores elastic energy due to such a motion of the fourth hinge axis H4 and it exerts a force on movable arc contact 22, which is directed to maintain the movable arc contact 22 coupled to the fixed arc contact 21.
  • Each lever member 31 exerts a force on the movable arc contact 22, which is directed to decouple the movable arc contact 22 from the fixed arc contact 21.
  • the movable arc contact 22 thus moves away from the fixed arc contact 21 notwithstanding the vacuum attraction force generated by the vacuum atmosphere in the vacuum chamber and the force exerted by each spring member 32.
  • each spring member 32 While it is travelling towards the above-mentioned second position, the fourth hinge axis H4 of each spring member 32 passes through an intermediate deadlock position, in which the first hinge axis H1 is aligned with the hinge axes H3 and H4 of each spring member 32.
  • each lever member 31 stops actuating the movable arc contact 22 and each spring member 32 releases, at least partially, the stored elastic energy.
  • each spring member 32 exerts a force on movable arc contact 22, which is directed to decouple the movable arc contact 22 from the fixed arc contact 21.
  • the movable contact 10 decouples from the first lever arm 311 and stops actuating each lever member 31.
  • the movable arc contact 22 continues to move away from the fixed arc contact 21 due to the force exerted by each spring member 32 and notwithstanding the vacuum attraction force.
  • each lever member 31 reaches the above-mentioned second position ( figure 7 ) and the movable arc contact 22 reaches the uncoupled position P4 from the fixed arc contact 21, which is stably maintained due to the force exerted on the movable arc contact 22 by each spring member 32, which opposes to the vacuum attraction force.
  • FIGs 9-11 show the motion transmission mechanism 30 in the second configuration C2.
  • each spring member 32 is in a second position, at which the movable arc contact 22 is in the uncoupled position P4 with the fixed arc contact 21.
  • each lever member 31 is not aligned with the hinge axes H3, H4 of each spring member 32.
  • the lever members 31 and the spring members 32 are relatively positioned one to another, so that the motion transmission mechanism 30 exerts a force on the movable arc contact 22, which is directed to maintain this latter uncoupled from the fixed arc contact 21.
  • each lever member 31 rotates about the first hinge axis H1 (according to a counter-clockwise direction with reference to the observation plane of figures 9-12 ).
  • each spring member 32 moves away from the above-mentioned second position and it travels towards the above-mentioned first position.
  • Each spring member 32 stores elastic energy due to such a motion of the fourth hinge axis H4 and it exerts a force on movable arc contact 22, which is directed to maintain the movable arc contact 22 uncoupled from the fixed arc contact 21.
  • Each lever member 31 exerts a force on the movable arc contact 22, which is directed to couple the movable arc contact 22 to the fixed arc contact 21.
  • the movable arc contact 22 thus moves towards the fixed arc contact 21 notwithstanding the force exerted by each spring member 32.
  • each spring member 32 While it is travelling towards the above-mentioned first position, the fourth hinge axis H4 of each spring member 32 passes through the above-mentioned intermediate deadlock position. In the meanwhile, the movable arc contact 22 continues to move towards the fixed arc contact 21 due to the force exerted by each lever member 31 ( figure 12 ).
  • each lever member 31 stops actuating the movable arc contact 22 and each spring member 32 releases, at least partially, the stored elastic energy.
  • each spring member 32 exerts a force on movable arc contact 22, which is directed to couple the movable arc contact 22 to the fixed arc contact 21.
  • the movable contact 10 decouples from the first lever arm 311 and stops actuating each lever member 31.
  • the movable arc contact 22 continues to move towards the fixed arc contact 21 due to the vacuum attraction force and the force exerted by each spring member 32.
  • the first hinge axis H1 of each lever member 31 reaches the above-mentioned first position ( figure 3 ) and the movable arc contact 22 reaches the coupled position P3 with the fixed arc contact 21, which is stably maintained due to the force exerted on the movable arc contact 22 by each spring member 32 and by the vacuum attraction force.
  • each electric pole 2 is in the operating condition illustrated in figure 2 .
  • each electric pole 2 has:
  • the first lever arm 311 of each lever member 31 is positioned along the motion trajectory of the movable contact 10.
  • a current can flow through the electric pole between the first and second pole terminals 11, 12 passing through the first fixed contact 5, the movable contact 10 and the second fixed contact 6. No currents can flow through the vacuum interrupter 20 as the fourth fixed contact 8 is electrically disconnected from the second fixed contact 6.
  • each electric pole 2 is in the condition shown in figure 8 .
  • each electric pole 2 has:
  • the second lever arm 312 of each lever member 31 is positioned along the motion trajectory of the movable contact 10.
  • each electric pole 2 is in the condition illustrated in figure 13 .
  • each electric pole 2 has:
  • the second lever arm 312 of each lever member 31 is positioned along the motion trajectory of the movable contact 10.
  • the switching apparatus 1 carries out an opening manoeuvre, when it switches from the closed state to the open state.
  • each movable contact 10 moves, according to the first rotation direction R1, between the first end-of-run position P A and the intermediate position P B .
  • Each movable contact 10 thus moves away from the corresponding first fixed contact 5.
  • the first movable contact region 10A of the movable contact 10 couples to the fourth fixed contact 8 while still being slidingly coupled to the first fixed contact 5 ( figures 3-4 ).
  • the second movable contact region 10B of the movable contact 10 remains slidingly coupled to the second fixed contact 6.
  • the movable contact 10 thus electrically connects both the first fixed contact 5 and the fourth fixed contact 8 with the second fixed contact 6.
  • a current can flow between the first and second pole terminals 11, 12 passing through the first fixed contact 5 and the vacuum interrupter 20 in parallel. Obviously, most of the current will flow along the first fixed contact 5 as the current path passing through this electric contact has a lower equivalent resistance with respect to the current path passing through the vacuum interrupter.
  • the movable contact 10 does not interact with the motion transmission mechanism 30 yet.
  • the movable contact 10 decouples from the first fixed contact 5 while remaining slidingly coupled to the fourth fixed contact 8 and the second fixed contact 6 ( figure 5 ).
  • the movable contact 10 thus electrically disconnects the first fixed contact 5 from the second fixed contact 6 while maintaining the fourth fixed contact 8 electrically connected with the second fixed contact 6.
  • a current flowing along the electric pole is fully deviated through the vacuum interrupter 20 as no current can flow through the first fixed contact 5.
  • the formation of electric arcs at the contact region 10A of the movable contact 10 is thus prevented.
  • the movable contact 10 While it is slidingly coupled to the fourth fixed contact 8 and to the second fixed contact 6, the movable contact 10 (namely the coupling members 10C thereof) couples to and actuates the first lever arm 311 of each lever member 31 ( figure 6 ).
  • each first lever arm 311 by the movable contact 10 causes a transition of the motion transmission mechanism from the first configuration C1 to the second configuration C2 and a consequent movement of the movable arc contact 22 from the coupled position P3 with the fixed arc contact 21 to the uncoupled position P4 from the fixed arc contact 21.
  • the separation of the electric contacts 21, 22 causes the rising of electric arcs between said electric contacts.
  • the electric contacts 21, 22 are immersed in a vacuum atmosphere, such electric arcs can be quenched efficiently, thereby quickly leading to the interruption of the current flowing along the electric pole.
  • the movable contact 10 maintains the fourth fixed contact 8 electrically connected to the second fixed contact 6, thereby preventing the formation of electric arcs at the contact regions 10A, 10B of the movable contact 10.
  • the movable contact 10 Upon a further movement towards the intermediate position P B , according to the first rotation direction R1, the movable contact 10 decouples from the motion transmission mechanism 30, which remains in the second configuration C2, and from the second and fourth fixed contacts 6 and 8, which thus result electrically disconnected ( figure 7 ).
  • the movable contact 10 then reaches the intermediate position P B , which corresponds to an open state of the switching apparatus ( figure 8 ).
  • the switching apparatus 1 carries out a closing manoeuvre, when it switches from the open state to the close state.
  • the switching apparatus Before carrying out a closing manoeuvre, the switching apparatus may have carried out a reconnecting manoeuvre in order to switch in an open state.
  • each movable contact 10 moves, according to the second rotation direction R2, between the intermediate position P B and the first end-of-run position P A .
  • Each movable contact 10 thus moves towards the corresponding first fixed contact 5.
  • the movable contact 10 couples to the fourth fixed contact 8 (at the first movable contact region 10A) and to the second fixed contact 6 (at the second movable contact region 10B), thereby electrically connecting the fourth fixed contact 8 with the second fixed contact 6 ( figure 9 ).
  • the movable contact 10 does not interact with the motion transmission mechanism 30 yet.
  • the movable contact 10 couples to the first fixed contact 5 (at the movable contact region 10A) while being still slidingly coupled to the fourth fixed contact 8 and to the second fixed contact 6 ( figure 10 ).
  • both the first fixed contact 5 and the fourth fixed contact 8 are electrically connected with the second fixed contact 6.
  • the movable contact 10 Upon a further movement according to the second rotation direction R2, the movable contact 10 decouples from the fourth fixed contact 8 and it remains slidingly coupled to the first fixed contact 5 and to the second fixed contact 6 ( figure 11 ).
  • the movable contact 10 thus electrically disconnects the fourth fixed contact 8 from the second fixed contact 6 and it maintains the first fixed contact 5 and the second fixed contact 6 electrically connected.
  • the vacuum interrupter 20 does not have to carry a possible short circuit current or an overload current or, more simply, a nominal current during the "making current" process.
  • the vacuum chamber 23 can be realized with a more compact design, which allows obtaining a size and cost reduction for the overall switching apparatus. While it is slidingly coupled to the first fixed contact 5 and to the second fixed contact 6, the movable contact 10 (namely the coupling members 10C thereof) couples to and actuates the second lever arm 312 of each lever member 31 ( figure 12 ).
  • the actuation of the second lever arm 312 of each lever member 31 by the movable contact 10 causes a transition of the motion transmission mechanism 30 from the second configuration C2 to the first configuration C1 and a consequent movement of the movable arc contact 22 from the uncoupled position P4 from the fixed arc contact 21 to the coupled position P3 with the fixed arc contact 21.
  • the movable contact 10 maintains the first fixed contact 5 electrically connected to the second fixed contact 6.
  • the movable contact 10 then reaches the first end-of-run position P A , which corresponds to a closed state of the switching apparatus ( figures 2-3 ).
  • the switching apparatus 1 carries out a disconnecting manoeuvre, when it switches from an open state to a grounded state.
  • the switching apparatus Before carrying out a disconnecting manoeuvre, the switching apparatus has to carry out an opening manoeuvre as described above in order to switch in an open state.
  • each movable contact 10 moves, according to the first rotation direction R1, between the intermediate position P B and the second end-of-run position Pc.
  • the movable contact 10 electrically connects the second fixed contact 6 with the third fixed contact 7 and, consequently, the second pole terminal 12 with the ground terminal 13.
  • the second pole terminal 12 results therefore put at a ground voltage.
  • the movable contact 10 does not interact with the motion transmission mechanism 30, which remains in the second configuration C2, when the switching apparatus carries out a disconnecting manoeuvre.
  • the switching apparatus 1 carries out a reconnecting manoeuvre, when it switches from a grounded state to an open state.
  • each movable contact 10 moves, according to the second rotation direction R2, between the second end-of-run position Pc and the intermediate position P B .
  • the first movable contact region 10A decouples from the second fixed contact 6 while the second movable contact region 10B decouples from the third fixed contact 7.
  • the movable contact 10 thus electrically disconnects the third fixed contact 7 from the second fixed contact 6.
  • the movable contact 10 does not electrically connect the second pole terminal 12 with the ground terminal 13 anymore.
  • the second pole terminal 12 is therefore at a floating voltage.
  • the movable contact 10 does not interact with the motion transmission mechanism 30, which remains in the second configuration C2, when the switching apparatus carries out a reconnecting manoeuvre.
  • the switching apparatus provides remarkable advantages with respect to the known apparatuses of the state of the art.
  • the switching apparatus of the invention includes, for each electric pole, a bistable motion transmission mechanism 30, which allows the movable contact 10 to drive the separation of the movable arc contact 22 from the fixed arc contact 21 depending on the position reached during an opening manoeuvre of the switching apparatus.
  • lever arms 311, 312 of each lever member 31 of the motion transmission mechanism 30 are actuatable at different points of the motion trajectory of the movable contact 10. This solution improves the synchronization between the movement of the movable arc contact 22 and the movement of the movable contact 10.
  • the circumstance that the motion transmission mechanism 30 can stably take two different configurations further improves synchronization between the movements of the movable arc contact 22 and the movable contact 10, during the opening and closing manoeuvres of the switching apparatus.
  • the movable contact 10 reaches the first fixed contact 5 before decoupling from the fourth fixed contact 8.
  • the vacuum interrupter 20 has not to carry a possible short circuit current or an overload current or, more simply, a nominal current. This solution is quite advantageous as it allows designing a more compact vacuum chamber 23, which allows obtaining a size and cost reduction for the overall switching apparatus.
  • the switching apparatus of the invention has electric poles with a very compact, simple and robust structure with relevant benefits in terms of size optimization.
  • the switching apparatus ensures high-level performances in terms of dielectric insulation and arc-quenching capabilities during the current breaking process and, at the same time, it is characterised by high levels of reliability for the intended applications.
  • the switching apparatus, according to the invention is of relatively easy and cheap industrial production and installation on the field.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP22173047.6A 2022-05-12 2022-05-12 Mittelspannungsschaltvorrichtung Pending EP4276872A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22173047.6A EP4276872A1 (de) 2022-05-12 2022-05-12 Mittelspannungsschaltvorrichtung
CN202310452773.2A CN117059429A (zh) 2022-05-12 2023-04-25 中压开关装置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22173047.6A EP4276872A1 (de) 2022-05-12 2022-05-12 Mittelspannungsschaltvorrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4276872A1 true EP4276872A1 (de) 2023-11-15

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EP (1) EP4276872A1 (de)
CN (1) CN117059429A (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2954450A (en) * 1958-11-24 1960-09-27 S & C Electric Co Interrupter switch operating mechanism
CN1148255A (zh) * 1995-10-13 1997-04-23 费尔腾和古伊勒奥梅能源股份公司 电流断路器
US20120187090A1 (en) * 2011-01-25 2012-07-26 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Medium-Voltage Switchgear Device Comprising a Vacuum Cartridge
WO2014001029A1 (de) * 2012-06-25 2014-01-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dreistellungslasttrennschalter für mittelspannungs-schaltanlagen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2954450A (en) * 1958-11-24 1960-09-27 S & C Electric Co Interrupter switch operating mechanism
CN1148255A (zh) * 1995-10-13 1997-04-23 费尔腾和古伊勒奥梅能源股份公司 电流断路器
US20120187090A1 (en) * 2011-01-25 2012-07-26 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Medium-Voltage Switchgear Device Comprising a Vacuum Cartridge
WO2014001029A1 (de) * 2012-06-25 2014-01-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dreistellungslasttrennschalter für mittelspannungs-schaltanlagen

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