EP4272370A1 - Enregistrements d'un objet tangible dans une chaîne de blocs - Google Patents

Enregistrements d'un objet tangible dans une chaîne de blocs

Info

Publication number
EP4272370A1
EP4272370A1 EP20968173.3A EP20968173A EP4272370A1 EP 4272370 A1 EP4272370 A1 EP 4272370A1 EP 20968173 A EP20968173 A EP 20968173A EP 4272370 A1 EP4272370 A1 EP 4272370A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tangible object
blockchain
unique physical
ownership
tag
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20968173.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Brian STANKIEWICZ
Nicholas Brian Stankiewicz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP4272370A1 publication Critical patent/EP4272370A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/50—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60—Protecting data
    • G06F21/64—Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
    • G06F21/645—Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures using a third party
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/56—Financial cryptography, e.g. electronic payment or e-cash

Definitions

  • This invention describes a method and process for creating provenance of an object using physical tags that are associated with addresses and processes in a blockchain.
  • Blockchain systems have been proposed for a variety of application scenarios, including applications in the financial industry, healthcare, emerging markets, and so forth.
  • An early example of a blockchain was a cryptocurrency.
  • the cryptocurrency was generated when new blocks were created on the blockchain to confirm transactions of the cryptocurrency.
  • the new blocks may confirm the transfer of cryptocurrency generated in earlier blocks.
  • the blocks on the blockchain were cryptographically proofed and linked to earlier blocks and served as an immutable record of the events in a trustless decentralized peer-to-peer network.
  • a cryptocurrency e.g., bitcoin
  • Each event transferring ownership from one party to another is cryptographically proofed by including the public key of the new owner. Also, each event is digitally signed with the current owner's private key.
  • a new block in a blockchain is filled with cryptographically proofed events until the block reaches a specified size limit.
  • a hash digest of all the event identifiers within the block and the block header of the previous block are added as the first event in the block.
  • Each block of events may be secured by participants on a peer-to-peer network. Participants collect new events to create the new block, validate the events on the new block by verifying the cryptographic proofs of each event to verify the crypto currency was not spent earlier, and finally solve a mathematical puzzle based on the hash digest, previous block header and a random number.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example block diagram of a computing device including instructions to generate records of a tangible object in blockchain, consistent with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example block diagram of a computing device including instructions to generate records of a tangible object in blockchain, consistent with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for generating records of a tangible object in blockchain, consistent with the present disclosure. Particularly, FIG. 3 illustrates an example transaction between a platform operator and a trading card company (TCC).
  • TCC trading card company
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for generating records of a tangible object in blockchain, consistent with the present disclosure. More particularly, FIG. 4 illustrates an example method of assigning and paying royalties using blockchain, as described herein.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for generating records of a tangible object in blockchain, consistent with the present disclosure. Particularly, FIG. 5 illustrates an example method of a CountBase feature, consistent with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example computing device including instructions to generate records of a tangible object in blockchain, consistent with the present disclosure. More particularly, FIG. 6 illustrates an example computing device for identifying ownership of an item using the blockchain method described herein. Detailed Description
  • An object provenance would include the original manufacturer of the object, the chain of custody including the current owner of the object among other non-limiting information about the object. These provenance factors (e.g., original manufacturer, interim and current ownership) can have a significant impact on the value of the object and whether the object can be legally exchanged.
  • provenance factors e.g., original manufacturer, interim and current ownership
  • consumers have to rely on the reputation of the seller to infer the authenticity of the object and the current owner.
  • experts can scrutinize an object to determine if it is authentic by looking for typical signs of a counterfeit.
  • generating records of a tangible object in blockchain allows for a unique, and non-replicable, physical tag to be attached to any tangible object.
  • a user may register as the owner and/or manufacturer of the object.
  • ownership may be transferred using a decentralized platform. All of these ownership transactions are stored as an immutable record that allows for the authentication of the original manufacturer, and the object’s provenance.
  • the unique physical tags have a ledger of ownership, a buyer interested in purchasing a second-hand item can be certain that the seller owns the item. Furthermore, the object’s provenance will allow the buyer to confirm that the claimed manufacturer was the original owner of the object to determine that it is an authentic item.
  • the unique physical tags include non-counterfeitable, unique, readable patterns. The identity of each unique physical tag, and the associated object, are stored in a decentralized, and immutable record using a decentralized platform such as the Ethereum blockchain technology. Using the blockchain technology, the object’s provenance, including the original manufacturer may be authenticated, current and past owners may be identified, and royalty requirements may be fulfilled during ownership transitions.
  • Generating records of a tangible object in blockchain allows for association of a unique physical tag to a tangible object.
  • an example method of the present disclosure begins with creation of a unique, non-replicable, physical tag that can be attached to a tangible object using different methods that include, but are not limited to a very high-bond adhesive, punch tag or other methods for attaching one object to another.
  • the unique physical tag may be embedded within the tangible object, or otherwise incorporated into a portion of the tangible object or part of the object manufacturing process itself.
  • an owner can create an immutable blockchain record of the tangible object and the object's owner.
  • Buying or selling an item that has a unique and non-replicable physical tag provides greater peace of mind for the buyer and seller.
  • the seller may set the ‘status’ of the object as ‘Open For T ransfer 1 meaning that the owner is interested in selling the tangible object. This can be proof for a buyer to see that the tangible object is available for sale and who the current owner is.
  • a smart contract may be created between the authenticated owner and buyer.
  • the buyer may place the agreed upon amount of Cryptocurrency/money into an escrow account.
  • the seller/owner may change the status to ‘Transfer Ownership To X’ where X is the buyer’s account.
  • the buyer When the buyer receives the object, the buyer will read the physical tag to initiate the transfer of cryptocurrency to the seller. Responsive to the transfer of ownership, the ownership of the object is then automatically transferred to the stated buyer and stored in the decentralized application and the cryptocurrency in the escrow account is automatically transferred to the seller’s account.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example block diagram of a computing device including instructions to generate records of a tangible object in a blockchain, consistent with the present disclosure.
  • the computing device 100 may include a processor 102, and a computer-readable storage medium 104.
  • the processor 102 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a semiconductor-based microprocessor, and/or other hardware device suitable to control operations of the computing device 100.
  • Computer-readable storage medium 104 may be an electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical storage device that contains or stores executable instructions.
  • computer-readable storage medium 104 may be, for example, Random Access Memory (RAM), an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), a storage device, an optical disc, etc.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, where the term ‘non-transitory’ does not encompass transitory propagating signals.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 104 may be encoded with a series of executable instructions 106-108.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 104 may store instructions 106 that, when executed, cause a computing device to associate a unique physical tag with a tag identifier.
  • a unique physical tag refers to or includes a physical badge that is generated using one or more chaotic processes which make the physical badge difficult, if not impossible, to recreate.
  • the unique physical tag includes a substrate having a plurality of optically readable indicia disposed at random positions and having a fixed positional relationship within the substrate.
  • the unique physical tag includes a three-dimensional material with a plurality of randomly disposed items disposed therein.
  • the unique physical tags are generated with one or more chaotic processes that make it nearly impossible to replicate and/or counterfeit.
  • the physical tag may also be a digital medium in which a random pattern is created or a random sequence of codes are created over time.
  • Every unique physical tag includes a unique, unreproducible, readable pattern, and each unique physical tag is associated with a tangible object using blockchain to maintain an immutable ledger.
  • a unique physical tag includes bubbles generated in a polymer during a reaction or an arrangement of fibers in a fabric.
  • the unique tag can be a randomly generated radio frequency pattern or a sequence of pseudorandom numerical values over time. The pattern of bubbles and/or orientation of fibers generate a type of a ‘fingerprint’ or a unique pattern incapable of replication that can be converted into a unique code.
  • Each unique physical tag may be associated with a tag identifier, such that the unique physical tag may be incorporated in a blockchain platform.
  • a tag identifier refers to or includes an alphanumeric value associated with the unique physical tag, and used to identify the unique physical tag in the blockchain platform.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 104 may store instructions 108 that, when executed, cause the computing device to associate the tangible object with the unique physical tag including the tag identifier, by generating a record of the tangible object as a block in a blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier.
  • the blockchain is managed by one or more devices on a decentralized network. Because the blockchain technology is decentralized it is nearly impossible to modify the records and a user can confirm the records independently.
  • the unique physical tag is physically attached to a tangible object such as to an art piece, a handbag or even embedded in collector cards.
  • a tangible object such as to an art piece, a handbag or even embedded in collector cards.
  • the unique physical tag may be associated with the tangible object and the ownership of the tangible object may be established. For instance, a block may be generated in the blockchain, identifying the owner of the tangible object.
  • ownership may be transferred using blockchain.
  • the owner of the tangible object wishes to sell the object
  • the owner may provide the unique physical tag to a buyer, and the buyer may verify the identity of the associated object.
  • the buyer may also verify the address of the owner and the object’s transfer state.
  • a transfer state refers to or includes a type of possession associated with the tangible object at a particular point in time.
  • Non-limiting examples of a transfer state which may be applied to an object in blockchain include ‘Closed’, ‘InTransfer’, and ’OpenToTransfer’.
  • the authenticity of the ownership state of the tangible object may be verified using blockchain. For instance, if the address of the owner does not match the address of the seller, then a buyer may conclude that the seller of the object is not the owner. Moreover, because ownership is recorded as a block in a blockchain, the history of ownership (e.g., ownership chain) may be verified using the blockchain ledger, as a user may also view the ownership ledger and dates of transfer. Yet further, the authenticity of the tangible object may also be verified using blockchain. For instance, if the tangible object is alleged to be manufactured by Manufacturer A, and the original owner (e.g., the first block in the block chain) does not correspond with Manufacturer A, then the buyer may question the authenticity of the tangible object. Conversely, if the tangible object is alleged to be manufactured by Manufacturer A, and the original owner (e.g., the first block in the block chain) corresponds with Manufacturer A, then the buyer may verify that the tangible object was legitimately manufactured by Manufacturer A.
  • the original owner e.g., the first block in the block chain
  • the ownership of the unique physical tag and the associated tangible object may be maintained in a decentralized blockchain database.
  • This database maintains an immutable record of who currently owns the unique physical tag and the associated item and who has previously owned the unique physical tag.
  • the blockchain platform remains as an effective source of validating authenticity of an object even if a manufacturer goes out of business or is otherwise obsolete.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 104 may store instructions that, when executed, cause the computing device 100 to, in response to a request to transfer ownership of the tangible object, create on the blockchain, a smart contract specifying terms for transferring ownership of the tangible object.
  • a smart contract refers to or includes a computer program or a transaction protocol which is intended to automatically execute, control or document legally relevant events and actions according to the terms of a contract or an agreement.
  • a "smart contract” may refer to or include a general purpose computation that takes place on a blockchain or distributed ledger.
  • the US National Institute of Standards and Technology describes a "smart contract" as a "collection of code and data (sometimes referred to as functions and state) that is deployed using cryptographically signed transactions on the blockchain network”.
  • Smart contracts provide a safe and transparent way of transferring the ownership of the object and funds from one person to another.
  • a smart contract also provides a ‘future proof’ method for some of the technologies such as transfer of royalties. Because these contracts are in the blockchain, the royalties will continue to be paid and the ownership data will still continue even if the manufacturer of the unique physical tag and/or the manufacturer of the tangible object no longer exists.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 104 may store instructions that, when executed, cause the computing device 100 to process the unique physical tag and use the tag identifier associated with the unique physical tag, display on a user interface, information about the associated object.
  • Information about the associated object may include, but is not limited to an ownership ledger for the tangible object.
  • the ownership ledger may include a date and source of manufacture of the tangible object and a chain of ownership from the date of manufacture of the tangible object.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 104 may store instructions that, when executed, cause the computing device 100 to process the unique physical tag.
  • to process the unique physical tag refers to or includes capturing a two-dimensional image of the unique physical tag, capturing a three-dimensional image of the unique physical tag, and/or capturing information on the unique physical tag using radio frequency identification (RFID), near-field communication, and other communication protocols.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • the computing device may locate the tag identifier associated with the unique physical tag, and display on a user interface, information about the associated object.
  • the computing device 100 may process a unique physical tag (such as by capturing an image, RFID, or other unique physical tag), deterministically convert the captured unique physical tag to a numeric code (such as through a hash function), and use the numeric code to query the blockchain to identify information concerning the item.
  • the identified information may be displayed on a user interface of the computing device 100.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 104 may store instructions that, when executed, cause the computing device 100 to add a block to the blockchain indicating that the unique physical tag is damaged, invalid, or lost, and associate the tangible object with a second unique physical tag.
  • the second unique physical tag includes a second tag identifier and is generated to include a record of the tangible object as a block in the blockchain that is uniquely associated with the second tag identifier.
  • a plurality of unique physical tags may be placed on or in a tangible object.
  • one unique physical tag may be placed on the packaging which allows the buyer to confirm that the product was manufactured by a particular company before purchasing the product.
  • a second unique physical tag may be affixed to the product inside the packaging.
  • the status of the tangible object may be set to ‘Open’.
  • the consumer may scan the unique physical tag, such as with a mobile application, and set the status to ‘Accept Ownership’.
  • the consumer Responsive to selecting ‘Accept Ownership’ for the tangible object, the consumer is registered as the owner of the tangible object and a new block may be generated in the blockchain, recording the consumer (e.g., new owner) as the owner of the tangible object.
  • the ‘outer’ tag and the ‘inner’ tag can be associated in the decentralized application such that by scanning the ‘outer’ tag the buyer can confirm that the status of the ‘inner’ tag is set to ‘Open’ and not assigned to someone else furthermore, the buyer can confirm that the original owner is the expected manufacturer to ensure that the item is authentic.
  • unique physical tags may be associated with prescription medications, medical assays, and other healthcare articles, thereby serving as a method of verifying the authenticity of such healthcare articles.
  • prescription medications consumers rely on the trust of their pharmacist to use authentic medication when filling a prescription.
  • a CountBase feature refers to or includes a system in which a plurality of items in a same package inherit the same first block in a blockchain such that each of the plurality of items may be verified.
  • the CountBase feature may be used to track a plurality of lots of pills shipped to a pharmacy.
  • the original CountBase item (a shipment of pills) would have N sub-objects (individual pills in the shipment).
  • the company ‘Medlnc’ produces products that are sent to pharmacies in bottles containing 1000 pills.
  • the bottle may include a unique physical tag on it and the pharmacist will transfer, say 100 pills to that object.
  • the CountBase feature may then remove 100 pills from the ‘source’ bottle and create a new ‘object’ with 100 pills.
  • the ownership chain may then be inherited by the current bottle. The patient can scan their bottle and confirm that the original owner was Medlnc.
  • the tangible object may include a plurality of vaccines, such as a plurality of doses of a vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
  • the medium 104 further includes instructions that when executed cause the computing device 100 associate the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses with the unique physical tag including the tag identifier, by generating a record of the SARS-CoV- 2 vaccine doses as an element in the blockchain that is uniquely associated with the tag identifier, including a date, time, lot number, and manufacturer of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses.
  • the tangible object may include a plurality of doses of a therapeutic.
  • the tangible object may include a plurality of doses of a therapeutic for SARS-CoV-2.
  • the medium 104 further includes instructions that when executed cause the computing device to associate the SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic doses with the unique physical tag including the tag identifier, by generating a record of the SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic doses as a block in the blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier, including a date, time, lot number, and manufacturer of the SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic doses.
  • the tangible object may include a plurality of antibody assays for SARS-CoV-2.
  • the medium 104 includes instructions that when executed cause the computing device 100 to associate the SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays with the unique physical tag including the tag identifier, by generating a record of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays as a block in the blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier, including a date, time, lot number, and manufacturer of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to such applications.
  • the unique physical tags and associated ownership ledger may be used to track ownership of healthcare articles for any healthcare application.
  • the tangible object may include a plurality of vaccines, therapeutics, or assays for diagnosis or treatment of a human or animal subject.
  • the medium 104 includes instructions that when executed cause the computing device 100 to associate the vaccines, therapeutics, or assays with the unique physical tag including the tag identifier, by generating a record of the vaccines, therapeutics, or assays as a block in the blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier.
  • the record in the blockchain may include, but is not limited to, a date, time, lot number, and manufacturer of the vaccines, therapeutics, or assays.
  • a unique physical tag including a tag identifier may be associated with the sub-lot, by generating a record of the sub-lot as a block in a blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example block diagram of a computing device 200 including instructions to generate records of a tangible object in blockchain, consistent with the present disclosure.
  • the computing device 200 may include a processor 210, and a computer-readable storage medium 214.
  • the computing device 200 may be the same as, or different than, the computing device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the processor 210 may be the same as or different than the processor 102
  • the computer-readable medium 104 may be the same as or different than the computer-readable medium 214.
  • the processor 210 may be a CPU, a semiconductor-based microprocessor, and/or other hardware device suitable to control operations of the computing device 200.
  • Computer-readable storage medium 214 may be an electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical storage device that contains or stores executable instructions.
  • computer-readable storage medium 214 may be, for example, RAM, an EEPROM, a storage device, an optical disc, etc.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be a non- transitory storage medium, where the term ‘non-transitory’ does not encompass transitory propagating signals.
  • the computer- readable storage medium 214 may be encoded with a series of executable instructions 216-220.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 214 may store instructions 216 that, when executed, cause the computing device 200 to capture a three-dimensional image of a unique physical tag fixed to or embedded in a tangible object.
  • the unique physical tag may in some examples include a three-dimensional substrate having a plurality of optically readable indicia disposed at random positions and having a fixed positional relationship within the three-dimensional substrate. The three-dimensional image may capture the positional relationship of each optically readable indicia within the substrate.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 214 may store instructions 218 that, when executed, cause the computing device 200 to identify a tag identifier associated with the unique physical tag, based on the captured three-dimensional image.
  • the ownership of the unique physical tag and the associated tangible object may be maintained in a decentralized blockchain database.
  • Each tag is also associated with a tag identifier, which may be used to identify the blockchain associated with the tangible object.
  • an appropriate endpoint device such as a smartphone or portable computing device with image capture capabilities
  • the computer-readable storage medium 214 may store instructions 220 that, when executed, cause the computing device to display on a user interface, an ownership chain associated with the tangible object and stored in a blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier.
  • computer-readable storage medium 214 may store instructions that, when executed, cause the computing device 200 to receive input identifying a user of the computing device as a current owner of the tangible object.
  • the computing device 200 may verify the user as the current owner of the tangible object as indicated in the blockchain, and responsive to input from the user to transfer ownership of the tangible object, the computing device 200 may change a status of the tangible object in the blockchain indicating that the tangible object is open for transfer.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart of an example method 301 for generating records of a tangible object in blockchain, consistent with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example transaction between a platform operator and a trading card company (TCC).
  • TCC trading card company
  • the platform operator refers to or includes an entity that sells unique physical tags and associates a blockchain with the unique physical tag, as illustrated and described with regards to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.
  • the method begins with the trading card company purchasing open tags using a Cryptocurrency smart contract, from the platform operator.
  • a ‘tag’ refers to a unique physical tag.
  • a tag e.g., unique physical tag
  • unique physical tags may be purchased at 322.
  • the Cryptocurrency for each unique physical tag is placed into an escrow at 324, and when the trading card company accepts ownership of the unique physical tags, the Cryptocurrency is placed into an account of the platform operator at 326.
  • the platform operator assigns the ownership of the unique physical tags to the Cryptocurrency user, and ships the unique physical tags to the trading card company.
  • the trading card company digitally reads the tags (e.g., processes the tags) and accept ownership of the tags at 330 (as described with regards to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2).
  • a smart contract condition is triggered (e.g., the acceptance of the tags), and Cryptocurrency is transferred to the platform operator at 332.
  • the tags could be decommissioned (e.g., labeled as inactive and unavailable for purchase or transfer) and the Cryptocurrency is returned to the trading card company with a portion going to the platform operator at 334.
  • the trading card company associates a tangible object with each respective tag purchased. Once the tangible object is associated with the respective tag, reading the unique physical tag generates a hash code that is necessary to perform a lookup to identify the tag identifier and claim an open transfer. As discussed herein, each unique physical tag may have a status, and those with an open status may be transferred between parties.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart of an example method 403 for generating records of a tangible object in blockchain, consistent with the present disclosure. More particularly, FIG. 4 illustrates an example method of assigning and paying royalties using blockchain, as described herein.
  • the method 403 includes assigning a royalty model to an object such that all future transfers pay a royalty to the artist.
  • a smart contract may be created at a time of a transfer of a tangible object using blockchain.
  • the smart contract may specify a particular royalty rate that is to be paid to a party, such as an artist and/or an originator of the tangible object when one or more future transactions are executed.
  • a new block is created in the blockchain, with the royalty rate carried through in the smart contract of each transaction.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of an example method 505 for generating records of a tangible object in blockchain, consistent with the present disclosure. Particularly, FIG. 5 illustrates an example method of a CountBase feature, consistent with the present disclosure.
  • the method 505 begins at 546 where a company produces a product that is to be distributed in subparts. For instance, example company ‘Medlnc’ produces products that are sent to pharmacies in bottles containing 1000 pills. Each bottle including 1000 pills (or other example volume) includes a unique physical tag and associated blockchain, as described herein.
  • the particular bottle for the customer may also include a unique physical tag on it and the pharmacist may transfer a number of pills (such as 100 pills) to the particular bottle for the customer at 548.
  • the number of pills are removed from the source bottle and a new object is created with the number of pills for the particular bottle for the customer at 550. That is, a new block for a blockchain associated with the particular bottle for the customer is created at 550.
  • the tangible object may include a plurality of vaccines, such as a plurality of doses of a vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
  • the medium 104 further includes instructions that when executed cause the computing device 100 associate the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses with the unique physical tag including the tag identifier, by generating a record of the SARS-CoV- 2 vaccine doses as a block in the blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier, including a date, time, lot number, and manufacturer of the SARS-CoV- 2 vaccine doses.
  • the tangible object may include a plurality of doses of a therapeutic.
  • the tangible object may include a plurality of doses of a therapeutic for SARS-CoV-2.
  • the medium 104 further includes instructions that when executed cause the computing device to associate the SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic doses with the unique physical tag including the tag identifier, by generating a record of the SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic doses as a block in the blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier, including a date, time, lot number, and manufacturer of the SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic doses.
  • the tangible object may include a plurality of antibody assays for SARS-CoV-2.
  • the medium 104 includes instructions that when executed cause the computing device 100 to associate the SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays with the unique physical tag including the tag identifier, by generating a record of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays as a block in the blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier, including a date, time, lot number, and manufacturer of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to such applications.
  • the unique physical tags and associated ownership ledger may be used to track ownership of healthcare articles for any healthcare application.
  • the tangible object may include a plurality of vaccines, therapeutics, or assays for diagnosis or treatment of a human or animal subject.
  • the medium 104 includes instructions that when executed cause the computing device 100 to associate the vaccines, therapeutics, or assays with the unique physical tag including the tag identifier, by generating a record of the vaccines, therapeutics, or assays as a block in the blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier.
  • the record in the blockchain may include, but is not limited to, a date, time, lot number, and manufacturer of the vaccines, therapeutics, or assays.
  • a unique physical tag including a tag identifier may be associated with the sub-lot, by generating a record of the sub-lot as a block in a blockchain uniquely associated with the tag identifier.
  • the unique physical tag and associated blockchain may be used to identify an owner of a lost item.
  • the computing device 600 may include a processor 610, and a computer-readable storage medium 614.
  • the computing device 600 may be the same as, or different than, the computing device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the processor 610 may be the same as or different than the processor 102
  • the computer-readable medium 614 may be the same as or different than the computer-readable medium 104.
  • the processor 610 may be a CPU, a semiconductor-based microprocessor, and/or other hardware device suitable to control operations of the computing device 600.
  • Computer-readable storage medium 614 may be an electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical storage device that contains or stores executable instructions.
  • computer-readable storage medium 614 may be, for example, RAM, an EEPROM, a storage device, an optical disc, etc.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be a non- transitory storage medium, where the term ‘non-transitory’ does not encompass transitory propagating signals.
  • the computer- readable storage medium 614 may be encoded with a series of executable instructions 654-660.
  • computer-readable storage medium 614 may store instructions 654 that, when executed, cause computing device 600 to identify a unique physical tag fixed to or embedded in a tangible object. For instance, computing device 600 may process the unique physical tag, such as by capturing an image of the unique physical tag, by RFID, NFC, or other identification means. [0063] Computer-readable storage medium 614 may store instructions 656 that, when executed, cause computing device 600 to display on a user interface communicatively coupled to the computing device, an ownership chain associated with the tangible object and stored in a blockchain. In some examples, computing device 600 may be a portable computing device such as a mobile phone, tablet computer, or notebook computer among other non-limiting examples.
  • a hash code is generated that is necessary to perform a lookup to identify the tag identifier and blockchain associated with the unique physical tag. Responsive to identification of the blockchain associated with the unique physical tag, the ownership chain recorded in the blockchain may be displayed on a user interface of the computing device 600 or communicatively coupled to the computing device 600.
  • Computer-readable storage medium 614 may store instructions 658 that, when executed, cause computing device 600 to identify from the ownership chain, contact information for a current owner of the tangible object. For instance, a name, phone number, mailing address, email address, and/or other contact information may be provided for the owner of the tangible object and previous owners in the ownership chain.
  • the computing device 600 may provide an option to directly contact the current owner of the tangible object.
  • the ability to create new blockchains and associate them with tangible objects as described herein may be provided by a blockchain platform.
  • a platform operator refers to or includes a company that hosts the blockchain platform and makes it available for public and/or private use.
  • the platform operator may provide to users, an application which may be operable on mobile computing devices, which allows users to access the blockchain platform on their mobile computing devices.
  • a user may scan unique physical tags, identify ownership of a tangible object, transfer ownership of tangible objects, find tangible objects that are open for transfer (e.g., sale), identify a number of similar tangible objects on the blockchain platform (e.g., determine how ‘rare’ the object is), and transfer royalties to an entity, among other non-limiting functions.
  • the blockchain platform may also allow users to, through the blockchain platform, identify and contact an owner of a tangible object that may be lost.

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Abstract

La génération d'enregistrements d'un objet tangible dans une chaîne de blocs peut être effectuée par un support de stockage non transitoire lisible par ordinateur comprenant des instructions. Les instructions, lorsqu'elles sont exécutées, amènent un dispositif informatique à associer une étiquette physique unique à un identifiant d'étiquette. L'étiquette physique unique comprend un substrat ayant une pluralité d'indices lisibles optiquement disposés à des positions aléatoires et ayant une relation de position fixe à l'intérieur du substrat. Les instructions, lorsqu'elles sont exécutées, amènent le dispositif informatique à associer l'objet tangible à l'étiquette physique unique comprenant l'identifiant d'étiquette, en générant un enregistrement de l'objet tangible sous la forme d'un bloc dans une chaîne de blocs associée de manière unique à l'identifiant d'étiquette, la chaîne de blocs étant gérée par un ou plusieurs dispositifs sur un réseau décentralisé.
EP20968173.3A 2020-12-31 2020-12-31 Enregistrements d'un objet tangible dans une chaîne de blocs Pending EP4272370A1 (fr)

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PCT/US2020/067711 WO2022146444A1 (fr) 2020-12-31 2020-12-31 Enregistrements d'un objet tangible dans une chaîne de blocs

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10402792B2 (en) * 2015-08-13 2019-09-03 The Toronto-Dominion Bank Systems and method for tracking enterprise events using hybrid public-private blockchain ledgers
US20180130034A1 (en) * 2016-11-07 2018-05-10 LedgerDomain, LLC Extended blockchains for event tracking and management
EP3640923A1 (fr) * 2016-12-21 2020-04-22 Merck Patent GmbH Dispositif de lecture permettant de lire une marque comprenant une fonction physique non clonable
AU2018303801B2 (en) * 2017-07-20 2024-01-18 Laava Id Pty Ltd Secure tags

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