EP4270637A1 - Antenna arrangement for reading uhf rfid signals - Google Patents
Antenna arrangement for reading uhf rfid signals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4270637A1 EP4270637A1 EP23169647.7A EP23169647A EP4270637A1 EP 4270637 A1 EP4270637 A1 EP 4270637A1 EP 23169647 A EP23169647 A EP 23169647A EP 4270637 A1 EP4270637 A1 EP 4270637A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rod
- antenna
- uhf rfid
- antenna arrangement
- plate element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
- H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
- H01Q19/32—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being end-fed and elongated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
- H01Q9/36—Vertical arrangement of element with top loading
Definitions
- the invention relates to an antenna arrangement for reading out UHF RFID signals, wherein the antenna arrangement has an antenna element designed as a monopole antenna and a UHF RFID reading device connected to the antenna element, and wherein the antenna element has an electrically conductive plate element and a first electrically conductive rod element arranged perpendicular to the plate element , wherein the plate element and the first rod element are galvanically separated from one another.
- a similar antenna element is in the US 10,402,601 B2 disclosed. This is designed as a cavity antenna, with the cavity having a rectangular profile.
- EP 3 132 387 B1 Another antenna arrangement is described, which is positioned on a street.
- the associated antenna element is designed as a monopole.
- a monopole antenna has an electrically conductive plate element and an electrically conductive rod element arranged perpendicular to the plate element.
- the plate element and the first rod element are galvanically isolated from one another.
- UHF RFID signals can be applied between the plate element and the rod element using a voltage source from a supply network of the UHF RFID reader.
- Fig. 1 shows such a monopole antenna from the state of the art.
- the beam characteristic (directional diagram) of such a monopole has the shape of an elliptical torus.
- antennas with a round directional pattern may only have an effective radiated power of 500 mW erp.
- Antennas with a directional pattern may have an effective radiation power of 1000 mW erp or even 2000 mW erp, depending on their 3dB opening angle.
- the object of the invention is to create an antenna arrangement of a UHF RFID reading device that can be integrated into a road surface with less effort and is characterized by a large detection range for detecting moving transponders and enables direction detection of moving transponders.
- the antenna arrangement for reading out UHF RFID signals has an antenna element designed as a monopole antenna and a UHF RFID reading device connected to the antenna element.
- the antenna element in turn has an electrically conductive plate element, a first electrically conductive rod element arranged perpendicular to the plate element and at least a second electrically conductive rod element arranged perpendicular to the plate element.
- the plate element and the rod element are galvanically separated from each other.
- the antenna element is connected to a feed network of the UHF RFID reader, this feed network having a voltage source that generates RFID signals.
- the two rod elements are arranged at a distance from one another of a quarter to a three-quarter wavelength of the UHF signals ( ⁇ /4 to 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ).
- both destructive and constructive superpositions of the electromagnetic waves emitted by both rod elements are achieved.
- a desired beam characteristic can be generated in a targeted manner.
- UHF RFID signals are emitted using the antenna arrangement according to the invention, which are picked up by the UHF RFID transponder located in the detection area.
- UHF RFID signals are emitted again, which in turn reach the antenna element of the antenna arrangement according to the invention and are detected there.
- the recorded UHF RFID signals are evaluated in an evaluation unit.
- transponders can be detected that move towards or away from the antenna element in the direction of movement. Transponders that pass the reading direction sideways, diagonally or across can also be detected. This opens up the possibility in particular of creating movement profiles of a transponder and thus objects provided with transponders.
- the wide detection range and a high detection rate create the possibility, in particular, of reading out a large number of transponders that move around the antenna element.
- the first rod element and the second rod element are arranged at a distance from one another of half a wavelength of the UHF signals ( ⁇ /2).
- the voltage source can be used to apply UHF RFID signals via the supply network between the plate element and the second rod element, the phase of which is identical to the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element.
- the feed network is designed in such a way that UHF RFID signals can be applied with the voltage source between the plate element and the second rod element, the amplitude of which is identical to the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element.
- the antenna element has a third and a fourth electrically conductive rod element, each arranged perpendicular to the plate element.
- the third rod element and the fourth rod element are arranged at a distance from one another of a quarter to a three-quarter wavelength of the UHF signals ( ⁇ /4 to 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ).
- a connecting line between the first and second bar elements and a connecting line between the third and fourth bar elements each intersect at half their distance, with both connecting lines being arranged orthogonally to one another.
- the third rod element and the fourth rod element are arranged at a distance from one another of half a wavelength of the UHF signals ( ⁇ /2).
- the feed network is designed in such a way that UHF RFID signals can be applied with the voltage source between the plate element and the third rod element as well as the plate element and the fourth rod element, which are 180° out of phase with the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element .
- the feed network is designed in such a way that UHF RFID signals can be applied with the voltage source between the plate element and the third rod element as well as the plate element and the fourth rod element, which have the same amplitude as the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element.
- a further embodiment provides that the feed network is designed in such a way that UHF RFID signals can be applied with the voltage source between the plate element and the third rod element, which are phase-shifted by +90° compared to the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element and at the same time the phase of the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the fourth rod element are phase-shifted by -90° compared to the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element.
- UHF RFID transponders can be detected in several spatial directions. Depending on the requirements, the detection direction can be changed with a high detection rate.
- An advantageous embodiment provides that at least the antenna element is integrated into a road surface of a route that is traveled by a moving object with a transponder that emits UHF RFID signals.
- the antenna element be integrated into a road surface in such a way that the side of the plate element facing the rod elements is aligned towards the road surface.
- UHF RFID transponders can be detected, for example, in four directions (for example four streets at an intersection).
- the rod elements have a length of approximately 8 cm ( ⁇ /4).
- the antenna element of the antenna arrangement therefore has a low height, which simplifies integration into a road surface.
- the antenna arrangement can be integrated into the road surface flush with the road surface or slightly raised above the road surface. This means, for example, that there are no restrictions on winter service or other street cleaning.
- the antenna arrangement is integrated into the road surface in such a way that the side of the plate element facing the rod elements is aligned towards the road surface.
- the relatively small lateral extent of the plate element is also advantageous for integrating the antenna arrangement into the road surface.
- the vertically arranged rod elements are designed as top loaded monopoles.
- the rod elements have electrically conductive disk elements with a round, elliptical, square or rectangular shape at their ends facing away from the plate element.
- the length of the rod elements can therefore be shortened, while the resonance frequency remains guaranteed. For example, a length of 3 cm is sufficient for the rod elements (with usual UHF RFID frequencies).
- the entire antenna arrangement is thus further flattened, which further simplifies integration into the road surface.
- the feed network is designed in such a way that three of the four rod elements (for example via switching elements of the feed network) are connected to the Plate element can be short-circuited and that the UHF RFID signals can be applied between the plate element and the remaining rod element with the voltage source.
- the three short-circuited rod elements thus serve as a reflector for the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the remaining rod element.
- a radiation characteristic and/or a radiation direction of the antenna element can be varied, in particular periodically, by the voltage source. Such a variation can be achieved in particular by varying the voltage through the voltage source.
- the detection of several transponders located around the antenna element can be improved.
- the antenna arrangement can be used very flexibly in the respective application.
- the plate element has an electrically conductive border on its plate edge, which projects beyond a plate side of the plate element facing the rod elements.
- the supply network and/or the voltage source are integrated in a housing arranged on the side of the plate element facing away from the rod elements. This results in a compact design of the UHF RFID reader.
- Fig. 1 shows an antenna element 1, known from the prior art and designed as a monopole antenna, of an antenna arrangement for detecting UHF RFID signals.
- Such an antenna element 1 has an electrically conductive plate element 2 and an electrically conductive rod element 3 arranged perpendicular to the plate element 2.
- the plate element 2 and the first rod element 3 are galvanically separated from one another.
- UHF RFID signals can be applied between the plate element 2 and the rod element 3 using a voltage source of a feed network of a UHF RFID reader of the antenna arrangement.
- a feed network usually consists of electronic components and electrical lines for distributing and influencing electrical signals.
- Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an antenna element 4 of the antenna arrangement 5 according to the invention ( Fig. 4 ) for reading UHF RFID transponders 6 ( Fig. 8a ).
- this antenna element 4 has a second electrically conductive rod element 7, which is also arranged perpendicular to the plate element 2.
- This second rod element 7 is arranged at a distance of half the wavelength of the UHF RFID signals ( ⁇ /2) emitted by the UHF RFID transponder to the first rod element 3.
- the plate element 2 lies in the xy plane.
- the first bar element 3 and the second bar element 7 are aligned parallel to one another and run along the z-axis.
- a Dining Network 8 ( Fig. 4 ) of the antenna arrangement 5 according to the invention is designed so that with a voltage source 9 ( Fig. 4 ) between the plate element 2 and the first rod element 3 and between the plate element 2 and the second rod element 7 UHF RFID signals can be applied.
- the feed network 8 is further designed so that the UHF RFID signals applied between the plate element 2 and the second rod element 7 have an identical phase and/or an identical amplitude to the UHF RFID signals applied between the plate element and the first rod element. With identical phase and amplitude, the result is in Fig. 2 Antenna element 4 shown in Fig. 3 radiation characteristics shown. This radiation characteristic has two main lobes 24, 25, which are displaced in the direction of plate element 2. This characteristic arises because the components of the electric fields are in the Y direction Both electromagnetic radiation emitted by the rod elements 3, 7 are constructively superimposed and the components of the electric fields in the X direction are destructively superimposed.
- Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the antenna arrangement 5 according to the invention.
- the antenna arrangement has a third rod element 10 and a fourth rod element 11.
- Both rod elements 10, 11 are each arranged perpendicular to the plate element and are electrically conductive.
- the third rod element 10 and the fourth rod element 11 are arranged at a distance from one another of half the wavelength of the UHF signals ( ⁇ /2).
- a connecting line between the first rod element 3 and the second rod element 7 and a connecting line between the third rod element 10 and the fourth rod element 11 each intersect at half their distance, with both connecting lines being arranged orthogonally to one another.
- the four rod elements 3, 7, 10, 11 thus form the corner points of a square, with the diagonals connecting the opposite corner points having a length of ⁇ /2.
- the feed network 8 is designed in such a way that UHF RFID signals can be applied with the voltage source 9 between the plate element 2 and the third rod element 10 as well as the plate element 2 and the fourth rod element 11, which are opposite to the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element 2 and the first rod element 3 are 180° out of phase and/or have the same amplitude. With a phase shift of 180° and the same amplitudes, the result is that in Fig. 4 Antenna element 4 shown in Fig. 5 radiation characteristics shown. This radiation characteristic has four main lobes 26, 27, 28, 29.
- the feed network can be designed in such a way that three of the four rod elements 3, 7, 10, 11 can be short-circuited with the plate element 2 and the UHF RFID signals are transmitted with the voltage source 9 between the plate element 2 and the remaining rod element 3, 7, 10, 11 can be created.
- a resulting radiation characteristic of the antenna element 4 is in Fig. 6 shown.
- Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the antenna arrangement 5 according to the invention.
- the vertically arranged rod elements 3, 7, 10, 11 are designed here as top loaded monopoles.
- the rod elements 3, 7, 10, 11 have electrically conductive disk elements 12, 13, 14, 15 with a round shape at their ends facing away from the plate element 2.
- the invention is not limited to this.
- the electrically conductive disk elements 12, 13, 14, 15 can also have an elliptical, square or rectangular shape.
- the plate element 2 has an electrically conductive border 16 on its plate edge, which projects beyond a plate side of the plate element 2 facing the rod elements 3, 7, 10, 11.
- a height of the border 16 extends at least up to the height of the ends of the rod elements 3, 7, 10, 11 facing away from the plate element 2.
- the border 16 can also extend beyond the ends of the rod elements 3, 7, 10, 11 facing away from the plate element 2.
- the supply network 8 and the voltage source 9 are integrated in a housing 21, which is arranged on the plate side of the plate element 2 facing away from the rod elements 3, 7, 10, 11.
- the antenna element 4 can be covered with an electrically non-conductive cover 17, so that the rod elements 3, 7, 10, 11 are protected from mechanical influences.
- a cover can be, for example, a radome cover.
- the antenna arrangement 5 is in a driving surface 18 ( Fig. 8a ) a route that is covered by moving objects 19 ( Fig. 8a ) is driven on, can be integrated. At least the antenna element 4 is laid in the driving surface 18, the antenna element 4 preferably being integrated into the driving surface 18 in such a way that the plate side of the plate element 2 facing the rod elements 3, 7, 10, 11 is aligned in the direction of the driving surface surface.
- the supply network 8 and the voltage source 9 can also be integrated in the driving surface 18. However, this is not mandatory.
- the supply network 8 and/or the voltage source 9 can also be positioned next to the road surface 18, with these then being connected via appropriate lines.
- Fig. 8a and Fig. 8b show schematically the antenna arrangement 5 integrated in the road surface 18 of the route.
- the objects 19 move along a direction of movement 20 on the road surface 18 of the route.
- each object is Equipped with two UHF RFID transponders.
- the objects can also have just one UHF RFID transponder or more than two UHF RFID transponders.
- outgoing UHF RFID signals 22 are emitted by the antenna arrangement 5 and aligned with the route ( Fig. 8a ). These outgoing UHF RFID signals 22 pass through at least one of the UHF RFID transponders 6 located on the objects 19 and interact with an antenna device of these UHF RFID transponders 6. As a result, UHF RFID signals are transmitted from active or passive UHF RFID chips of the UHF connected to the antenna device RFID transponder 6 generated, which in turn are emitted by the antenna device of the UHF RFID transponder 6 as outgoing UHF RFID signals 23 ( Fig. 8b ).
- the invention is not limited to the fact that the first rod element 3 and the second rod element 7 are arranged at a distance from one another of half a wavelength of the UHF signals ( ⁇ /2).
- the first rod element 3 and the second rod element 7 as well as the third rod element 10 and the fourth rod element 11 are arranged at a distance of a quarter to a three-quarter wavelength of the UHF signals ( ⁇ /4 to 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ) from one another.
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenanordnung zum Auslesen von UHF RFID Signalen, wobei die Antennenanordnung ein als Monopolantenne ausgebildetes Antennenelement und ein mit dem Antennenelement verbundenes UHF RFID Lesegerät aufweist und wobei das Antennenelement ein elektrisch leitfähiges Plattenelement und ein erstes zum Plattenelement senkrecht angeordnetes und elektrisch leitfähiges Stabelement aufweist, wobei das Plattenelement und das erste Stabelement galvanisch voneinander getrennt sind. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Antennenanordnung eines UHF RFID Lesegerätes zu schaffen, die mit einem geringeren Aufwand in einen Straßenbelag integrierbar ist und sich durch einen großen Erfassungsbereich zur Erfassung bewegter Transponder auszeichnet sowie eine Richtungserfassung bewegter Transponder ermöglicht. Dies Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass das Antennenelement (4) zumindest ein zweites senkrecht zum Plattenelement (2) angeordnetes und elektrisch leitfähiges Stabelement (7) aufweist und dass das Plattenelement (2) und das zweite Stabelement (7) galvanisch voneinander getrennt sind und dass das erste Stabelement (3) und das zweite Stabelement (7) mit einem Abstand von einer viertel bis einer dreiviertel Wellenlänge der UHF Signale (λ/4 bis ¾ λ) zueinander angeordnet sind. (Fig. 2)The invention relates to an antenna arrangement for reading out UHF RFID signals, wherein the antenna arrangement has an antenna element designed as a monopole antenna and a UHF RFID reading device connected to the antenna element, and wherein the antenna element has an electrically conductive plate element and a first electrically conductive rod element arranged perpendicular to the plate element , wherein the plate element and the first rod element are galvanically separated from one another. The object of the invention is to create an antenna arrangement of a UHF RFID reading device that can be integrated into a road surface with less effort and is characterized by a large detection range for detecting moving transponders and enables direction detection of moving transponders. This object is achieved in that the antenna element (4) has at least a second and electrically conductive rod element (7) arranged perpendicular to the plate element (2) and in that the plate element (2) and the second rod element (7) are galvanically separated from one another and that the first rod element (3) and the second rod element (7) are arranged at a distance of a quarter to a three-quarter wavelength of the UHF signals (λ/4 to ¾ λ) from one another. (Fig. 2)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenanordnung zum Auslesen von UHF RFID Signalen, wobei die Antennenanordnung ein als Monopolantenne ausgebildetes Antennenelement und ein mit dem Antennenelement verbundenes UHF RFID Lesegerät aufweist und wobei das Antennenelement ein elektrisch leitfähiges Plattenelement und ein erstes zum Plattenelement senkrecht angeordnetes und elektrisch leitfähiges Stabelement aufweist, wobei das Plattenelement und das erste Stabelement galvanisch voneinander getrennt sind.The invention relates to an antenna arrangement for reading out UHF RFID signals, wherein the antenna arrangement has an antenna element designed as a monopole antenna and a UHF RFID reading device connected to the antenna element, and wherein the antenna element has an electrically conductive plate element and a first electrically conductive rod element arranged perpendicular to the plate element , wherein the plate element and the first rod element are galvanically separated from one another.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist aus
Ein ähnliches Antennenelement ist in der
In
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Antennenanordnung eines UHF RFID Lesegerätes zu schaffen, die mit einem geringeren Aufwand in einen Fahrbelag integrierbar ist und sich durch einen großen Erfassungsbereich zur Erfassung bewegter Transponder auszeichnet sowie eine Richtungserfassung bewegter Transponder ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to create an antenna arrangement of a UHF RFID reading device that can be integrated into a road surface with less effort and is characterized by a large detection range for detecting moving transponders and enables direction detection of moving transponders.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Antennenanordnung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 17.This task is achieved with an antenna arrangement with the features of
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Antennenanordnung zum Auslesen von UHF RFID Signalen ein als Monopolantenne ausgebildetes Antennenelement und ein mit dem Antennenelement verbundenes UHF RFID Lesegerät auf. Das Antennenelement wiederum weist ein elektrisch leitfähiges Plattenelement, ein erstes zum Plattenelement senkrecht angeordnetes, elektrisch leitfähiges Stabelement und zumindest ein zweites senkrecht zum Plattenelement angeordnetes, elektrisch leitfähiges Stabelement auf. Das Plattenelement und die Stabelement sind galvanisch voneinander getrennt. Das Antennenelement ist mit einem Speisenetzwerk des UHF RFID Lesegerätes verbunden, wobei dieses Speisenetzwerk eine RFID Signale erzeugende Spannungsquelle aufweist. Weiterhin sind die beiden Stabelemente mit einem Abstand von einer viertel bis einer dreiviertel Wellenlänge der UHF Signale (λ/4 bis ¾ λ) zueinander angeordnet. Durch die Beabstandung der beiden Stabelemente mit einer Wellenlänge der UHF Signale im Bereich λ/4 bis ¾ λ werden sowohl destruktive, als auch konstruktive Überlagerungen der von beiden Stabelementen ausgesandten elektromagnetischen Wellen erreicht. Je nach Amplitude und Phasenverschiebung der Speisung beider Stabelemente kann damit gezielt eine gewünschte Strahlcharakteristik erzeugt werden.According to the invention, the antenna arrangement for reading out UHF RFID signals has an antenna element designed as a monopole antenna and a UHF RFID reading device connected to the antenna element. The antenna element in turn has an electrically conductive plate element, a first electrically conductive rod element arranged perpendicular to the plate element and at least a second electrically conductive rod element arranged perpendicular to the plate element. The plate element and the rod element are galvanically separated from each other. The antenna element is connected to a feed network of the UHF RFID reader, this feed network having a voltage source that generates RFID signals. Furthermore, the two rod elements are arranged at a distance from one another of a quarter to a three-quarter wavelength of the UHF signals (λ/4 to ¾ λ). By spacing the two rod elements with a wavelength of the UHF signals in the range λ/4 to ¾ λ, both destructive and constructive superpositions of the electromagnetic waves emitted by both rod elements are achieved. Depending on the amplitude and phase shift By feeding both rod elements, a desired beam characteristic can be generated in a targeted manner.
Zum Auslesen eines UHF RFID Transponders werden mit der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung gerichtete UHF RFID Signale emittiert, die von dem im Erfassungsbereich befindlichen UHF RFID Transponder aufgenommen werden. Durch Wechselwirkung dieser UHF RFID Signale mit dem Transponder werden von diesem UHF RFID Signale wieder emittiert, welche wiederum zum Antennenelement der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung gelangen und dort erfasst werden. Die erfassten UHF RFID Signale werden in einer Auswerteeinheit ausgewertet. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung sind Transponder erfassbar, die sich in Bewegungsrichtung auf das Antennenelement zubewegen oder entfernen. Ebenso sind Transponder erfassbar, die die Leserichtung seitlich, diagonal oder quer passieren. Damit wird insbesondere die Möglichkeit eröffnet, Bewegungsprofile eines Transponders und damit mit Transpondern versehene Objekte zu erstellen. Durch den weiträumigen Erfassungsbereich und eine hohe Erfassungsrate wird insbesondere die Möglichkeit geschaffen, eine Vielzahl an Transpondern, die sich um das Antennenelement herum bewegen, auszulesen.To read a UHF RFID transponder, directed UHF RFID signals are emitted using the antenna arrangement according to the invention, which are picked up by the UHF RFID transponder located in the detection area. As a result of the interaction of these UHF RFID signals with the transponder, UHF RFID signals are emitted again, which in turn reach the antenna element of the antenna arrangement according to the invention and are detected there. The recorded UHF RFID signals are evaluated in an evaluation unit. With the antenna arrangement according to the invention, transponders can be detected that move towards or away from the antenna element in the direction of movement. Transponders that pass the reading direction sideways, diagonally or across can also be detected. This opens up the possibility in particular of creating movement profiles of a transponder and thus objects provided with transponders. The wide detection range and a high detection rate create the possibility, in particular, of reading out a large number of transponders that move around the antenna element.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführung sind das erste Stabelement und das zweite Stabelement mit einem Abstand von einer halben Wellenlänge der UHF Signale (λ/2) zueinander angeordnet.In an advantageous embodiment, the first rod element and the second rod element are arranged at a distance from one another of half a wavelength of the UHF signals (λ/2).
Eine Ausführung sieht vor, dass mit der Spannungsquelle über das Speisenetzwerk zwischen dem Plattenelement und dem zweiten Stabelement UHF RFID Signale anlegbar sind, deren Phase identisch mit den zwischen Plattenelement und erstem Stabelement anliegenden UHF RFID Signalen sind.One embodiment provides that the voltage source can be used to apply UHF RFID signals via the supply network between the plate element and the second rod element, the phase of which is identical to the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist das Speisenetzwerk derart ausgeführt ist, dass mit der Spannungsquelle zwischen dem Plattenelement und dem zweiten Stabelement UHF RFID Signale anlegbar sind, deren Amplitude identisch mit den zwischen Plattenelement und erstem Stabelement anliegenden UHF RFID Signalen sind.In a further embodiment, the feed network is designed in such a way that UHF RFID signals can be applied with the voltage source between the plate element and the second rod element, the amplitude of which is identical to the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element.
Bei einer Speisung beider Stabelemente mit UHF RFID Signalen gleicher Phase und gleicher Amplitude wird eine Strahlcharakteristik erreicht, welche zwei Hauptkeulen aufweist, die gegenüber eines elliptischen Torus' einer einfachen Monopolantenne deutlich nach unten (in Richtung Plattenelement) verlagert sind und weiterhin eine gerichtetere Abstrahlcharakteristik erzeugt wird. Gegenüber dem Stand der Technik ist hierzu keine mehrere Meter großer, elektrisch leitfähiger Reflektor notwendig. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung ist ein (elektrisch leitfähiges) Plattenelement mit einem Durchmesser kleiner 0,5 m ausreichend.When both rod elements are fed with UHF RFID signals of the same phase and amplitude, a beam characteristic is achieved which has two main lobes, which are significantly shifted downwards (towards the plate element) compared to an elliptical torus of a simple monopole antenna and a more directed radiation characteristic is also generated . Compared to the state of the art, there is no one several meters tall, electrically conductive reflector required. In the antenna arrangement according to the invention, an (electrically conductive) plate element with a diameter of less than 0.5 m is sufficient.
Durch die gerichtete Abstrahlcharakteristik können gemäß EN 302 208-1 - V3.3.1 höhere abgestrahlte Leistungen genutzt werden. Dies ermöglicht einen breiteren Erfassungsbereich, robustere Erfassungsraten und höhere Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten.Due to the directional radiation characteristics, higher radiated powers can be used in accordance with EN 302 208-1 - V3.3.1. This enables a wider detection range, more robust detection rates and higher vehicle speeds.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführung sieht vor, dass das Antennenelement ein drittes und ein viertes jeweils senkrecht zum Plattenelement angeordnetes und elektrisch leitfähiges Stabelement aufweist. Das dritte Stabelement und das vierte Stabelement sind mit einem Abstand von einer viertel bis einer dreiviertel Wellenlänge der UHF Signale (λ/4 bis ¾ λ) zueinander angeordnet. Eine Verbindungslinie zwischen ersten und zweiten Stabelement und eine Verbindungslinie zwischen dritten und vierten Stabelement schneiden sich jeweils auf ihrer halben Strecke, wobei beide Verbindungslinien orthogonal zueinander angeordnet sind.An advantageous embodiment provides that the antenna element has a third and a fourth electrically conductive rod element, each arranged perpendicular to the plate element. The third rod element and the fourth rod element are arranged at a distance from one another of a quarter to a three-quarter wavelength of the UHF signals (λ/4 to ¾ λ). A connecting line between the first and second bar elements and a connecting line between the third and fourth bar elements each intersect at half their distance, with both connecting lines being arranged orthogonally to one another.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführung sind das dritte Stabelement und das vierte Stabelement mit einem Abstand von einer halben Wellenlänge der UHF Signale (λ/2) zueinander angeordnet.In an advantageous embodiment, the third rod element and the fourth rod element are arranged at a distance from one another of half a wavelength of the UHF signals (λ/2).
In einer Ausgestaltung ist das Speisenetzwerk derart ausgeführt, dass mit der Spannungsquelle zwischen dem Plattenelement und dem dritten Stabelement sowie dem Plattenelement und dem vierten Stabelement UHF RFID Signale anlegbar sind, die gegenüber den zwischen Plattenelement und erstem Stabelement anliegenden UHF RFID Signalen um 180° phasenverschoben sind.In one embodiment, the feed network is designed in such a way that UHF RFID signals can be applied with the voltage source between the plate element and the third rod element as well as the plate element and the fourth rod element, which are 180° out of phase with the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element .
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist das Speisenetzwerk derart ausgeführt, dass mit der Spannungsquelle zwischen dem Plattenelement und dem dritten Stabelement sowie dem Plattenelement und dem vierten Stabelement UHF RFID Signale anlegbar sind, die amplitudengleich zu den zwischen Plattenelement und erstem Stabelement anliegenden UHF RFID Signalen sind.In a further embodiment, the feed network is designed in such a way that UHF RFID signals can be applied with the voltage source between the plate element and the third rod element as well as the plate element and the fourth rod element, which have the same amplitude as the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element.
Eine weitere Ausführung sieht vor, dass das Speisenetzwerk derart ausgeführt ist, dass mit der Spannungsquelle zwischen dem Plattenelement und dem dritten Stabelement UHF RFID Signale anlegbar sind, die gegenüber den zwischen Plattenelement und erstem Stabelement anliegenden UHF RFID Signalen um +90° phasenverschoben sind und gleichzeitig die Phase zwischen Plattenelement und viertem Stabelement anliegenden UHF RFID Signalen gegenüber den zwischen Plattenelement und erstem Stabelement anliegenden UHF RFID Signalen um -90° phasenverschoben sind.A further embodiment provides that the feed network is designed in such a way that UHF RFID signals can be applied with the voltage source between the plate element and the third rod element, which are phase-shifted by +90° compared to the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element and at the same time the phase of the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the fourth rod element are phase-shifted by -90° compared to the UHF RFID signals present between the plate element and the first rod element.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung und Ansteuerung der weiteren Stabelemente können UHF RFID Transponder in mehreren Raumrichtungen erfasst werden. Je nach Anforderungen lässt sich die Erfassungsrichtung mit einer hohen Erfassungsrate ändern.Due to the arrangement and control of the further rod elements according to the invention, UHF RFID transponders can be detected in several spatial directions. Depending on the requirements, the detection direction can be changed with a high detection rate.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführung sieht vor, dass zumindest das Antennenelement in einen Fahrbelag einer Fahrstrecke, die von einem sich bewegenden Objekt mit einem UHF RFID Signalen emittierenden Transponder befahren wird, integriert ist.An advantageous embodiment provides that at least the antenna element is integrated into a road surface of a route that is traveled by a moving object with a transponder that emits UHF RFID signals.
Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Antennenelement derart in einen Fahrbelag integriert ist, dass die den Stabelementen zugewandte Seite des Plattenelementes in Richtung Straßenoberfläche ausgerichtet ist.It is proposed that the antenna element be integrated into a road surface in such a way that the side of the plate element facing the rod elements is aligned towards the road surface.
Mit einer derartigen Antennenanordnung können UHF RFID Transponder beispielsweise in vier Richtungen (beispielsweise vier Straßen einer Kreuzung) erfasst werden. Bei üblichen Frequenzen der UHF RFID Signale haben die Stabelemente eine Länge von etwa 8 cm (λ/4). Das Antennenelement der Antennenanordnung weist damit eine geringe Höhe auf, was die Integration in einen Straßenbelag einer Straße vereinfacht. Die Antennenanordnung kann dabei bündig mit der Straßenoberfläche oder leicht erhaben über der Straßenoberfläche in den Straßenbelag integriert werden. Somit ergeben sich beispielsweise auch keine Einschränkungen beim Winterdienst oder anderweitigen Straßenreinigungen. Die Integration der Antennenanordnung in den Straßenbelag erfolgt so, dass die den Stabelementen zugewandte Seite des Plattenelementes in Richtung Straßenoberfläche ausgerichtet ist. Auch die verhältnismäßig geringe laterale Ausdehnung des Plattenelementes ist vorteilhaft für die Integration der Antennenanordnung im Straßenbelag.With such an antenna arrangement, UHF RFID transponders can be detected, for example, in four directions (for example four streets at an intersection). At common frequencies of UHF RFID signals, the rod elements have a length of approximately 8 cm (λ/4). The antenna element of the antenna arrangement therefore has a low height, which simplifies integration into a road surface. The antenna arrangement can be integrated into the road surface flush with the road surface or slightly raised above the road surface. This means, for example, that there are no restrictions on winter service or other street cleaning. The antenna arrangement is integrated into the road surface in such a way that the side of the plate element facing the rod elements is aligned towards the road surface. The relatively small lateral extent of the plate element is also advantageous for integrating the antenna arrangement into the road surface.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführung sind die senkrecht angeordneten Stabelemente als top loaded Monopole ausgeführt. Eine Ausgestaltung sieht dabei vor, dass die Stabelemente an ihren zum Plattenelement abgewandten Enden elektrisch leitfähige Scheibenelemente mit einer runden, elliptischen, quadratischen oder rechteckigen Form aufweisen. Die Länge der Stabelemente ist damit verkürzbar, wobei die Resonanzfrequenz gewährleistet bleibt. Beispielsweise ist dann für die Stabelemente eine Länge von 3 cm ausreichend (bei üblichen UHF RFID Frequenzen). Somit wird die gesamte Antennenanordnung weiter abgeflacht, was die Integration in den Straßenbelag der Straße weiter vereinfacht.In a further advantageous embodiment, the vertically arranged rod elements are designed as top loaded monopoles. One embodiment provides that the rod elements have electrically conductive disk elements with a round, elliptical, square or rectangular shape at their ends facing away from the plate element. The length of the rod elements can therefore be shortened, while the resonance frequency remains guaranteed. For example, a length of 3 cm is sufficient for the rod elements (with usual UHF RFID frequencies). The entire antenna arrangement is thus further flattened, which further simplifies integration into the road surface.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist das Speisenetzwerk derart ausgeführt, dass drei der vier Stabelemente (beispielsweise über Schaltelemente des Speisenetzwerks) mit dem Plattenelement kurzschließbar sind und dass mit der Spannungsquelle die UHF RFID Signale zwischen dem Plattenelement und dem verbleibenden Stabelement anlegbar sind. Somit dienen die drei kurzgeschlossenen Stabelemente als Reflektor für die von dem verbleibenden Stabelement emittierten elektromagnetischen Strahlung. Das hat den Vorteil, dass z.B. für eine Anwendung auf einer Autobahn oder Schnellstraße mit gesonderten Spuren die Abstrahlcharakteristik (Abstrahlkeule) in Richtung der ankommenden Fahrzeuge ausgerichtet werden kann und somit längere Erfassungszonen und damit auch höhere Erfassungsgeschwindigkeiten möglich sind.In an advantageous embodiment, the feed network is designed in such a way that three of the four rod elements (for example via switching elements of the feed network) are connected to the Plate element can be short-circuited and that the UHF RFID signals can be applied between the plate element and the remaining rod element with the voltage source. The three short-circuited rod elements thus serve as a reflector for the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the remaining rod element. This has the advantage that, for example for an application on a motorway or expressway with separate lanes, the radiation characteristic (beam) can be aligned in the direction of the incoming vehicles, thus making longer detection zones and thus higher detection speeds possible.
Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass durch die Spannungsquelle eine Abstrahlcharakteristik und/oder eine Abstrahlrichtung des Antennenelementes, insbesondere periodisch, variierbar ist. Eine derartige Variation ist insbesondere durch eine Variation der Spannung durch die Spannungsquelle erreichbar. Durch eine veränderbare Abstrahlcharakteristik des Antennenelementes kann die Erfassung mehrerer um das Antennenelement befindlichen Transpondern verbessert werden. Weiterhin ist die Antennenanordnung damit hoch flexibel im jeweiligen Anwendungsfall einsetzbar.It is proposed that a radiation characteristic and/or a radiation direction of the antenna element can be varied, in particular periodically, by the voltage source. Such a variation can be achieved in particular by varying the voltage through the voltage source. By changing the radiation characteristics of the antenna element, the detection of several transponders located around the antenna element can be improved. Furthermore, the antenna arrangement can be used very flexibly in the respective application.
Eine Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass das Plattenelement an seinem Plattenrand eine elektrisch leitfähige Umrandung aufweist, welche eine den Stabelementen zugewandte Plattenseite des Plattenelementes überragt.One embodiment provides that the plate element has an electrically conductive border on its plate edge, which projects beyond a plate side of the plate element facing the rod elements.
Vorteilhafterweise sind das Speisenetzwerk und/oder die Spannungsquelle in einem auf der den Stabelementen abgewandten Seite des Plattenelementes angeordneten Gehäuse integriert. Somit wird eine kompakte Bauform des UHF RFID Lesegerätes erreicht.Advantageously, the supply network and/or the voltage source are integrated in a housing arranged on the side of the plate element facing away from the rod elements. This results in a compact design of the UHF RFID reader.
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- Monopolantenne aus dem Stand der Technik
- Fig. 2
- eine Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung
- Fig. 3
- Abstrahlcharakteristik der Antennenanordnung gemäß
Fig. 2 - Fig. 4
- eine weitere Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung
- Fig. 5
- Abstrahlcharakteristik der Antennenanordnung gemäß
Fig. 4 - Fig. 6
- Abstrahlcharakteristik der Antennenanordnung gemäß
Fig. 4 bei drei kurzgeschlossenen Stabelementen - Fig. 7
- eine weitere Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung mit top loaded Monopolen
- Fig. 8a,
- eine Seitenansicht einer Fahrstrecke mit zu erfassenden Objekten mit einer im
- Fig. 8b
- Fahrbelag integrierten Antennanordnung
- Fig. 1
- Monopole antenna from the prior art
- Fig. 2
- an embodiment of the antenna arrangement according to the invention
- Fig. 3
- Radiation characteristics of the antenna arrangement according to
Fig. 2 - Fig. 4
- a further embodiment of the antenna arrangement according to the invention
- Fig. 5
- Radiation characteristics of the antenna arrangement according to
Fig. 4 - Fig. 6
- Radiation characteristics of the antenna arrangement according to
Fig. 4 with three short-circuited bar elements - Fig. 7
- a further embodiment of the antenna arrangement according to the invention with top loaded monopoles
- Fig. 8a,
- a side view of a route with objects to be detected with an im
- Fig. 8b
- Antenna arrangement integrated into the driving surface
Ein Speisenetzwerk 8 (
Das Speisenetzwerk 8 ist so ausgeführt, dass mit der Spannungsquelle 9 zwischen dem Plattenelement 2 und dem dritten Stabelement 10 sowie dem Plattenelement 2 und dem vierten Stabelement 11 UHF RFID Signale anlegbar sind, die gegenüber den zwischen Plattenelement 2 und erstem Stabelement 3 anliegenden UHF RFID Signalen um 180° phasenverschoben und/oder amplitudengleich sind. Bei einer Phasenverschiebung um 180° und jeweils gleichen Amplituden ergibt sich für das in
Das Speisenetzwerk kann in einer weiteren Ausführung derart ausgeführt sein, dass drei der vier Stabelemente 3, 7, 10, 11 mit dem Plattenelement 2 kurzschließbar sind und mit der Spannungsquelle 9 die UHF RFID Signale zwischen dem Plattenelement 2 und dem verbleibenden Stabelement 3, 7, 10, 11 anlegbar sind. Eine dabei entstehende Abstrahlcharakteristik des Antennenelementes 4 ist in
Eine zu
Weiterhin weist das Plattenelement 2 an seinem Plattenrand eine elektrisch leitfähige Umrandung 16 auf, welche eine den Stabelementen 3, 7, 10, 11 zugewandte Plattenseite des Plattenelementes 2 überragt. Eine Höhe der Umrandung 16 reicht zumindest bis zur Höhe der dem Plattenelement 2 abgewandten Enden der Stabelemente 3, 7, 10, 11. Die Umrandung 16 kann allerdings auch über die zum Plattenelement 2 abgewandten Enden der Stabelemente 3, 7, 10, 11 hinausreichen. In der gezeigten Ausführung sind das Speisenetzwerk 8 und die Spannungsquelle 9 in einem Gehäuse 21 integriert, welches auf der den Stabelementen 3, 7, 10, 11 abgewandten Plattenseite des Plattenelementes 2 angeordnet ist. Optional ist das Antennenelement 4 mit einer elektrisch nicht leitfähigen Abdeckung 17 abdeckbar, sodass die Stabelemente 3, 7, 10, 11 vor mechanischen Einflüssen geschützt sind. Eine derartige Abdeckung kann beispielsweise ein Radom-Deckel sein.Furthermore, the
Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung 5 ist in einen Fahrbelag 18 (
Zum Auslesen der UHF RFID Transponder werden von der Antennenanordnung 5 auf die Fahrstrecke ausgerichtete ausgehende UHF RFID Signale 22 ausgesendet (
Die Erfindung ist nicht darauf beschränkt, dass das erste Stabelement 3 und das zweite Stabelement 7 mit einem Abstand von einer halben Wellenlänge der UHF Signale (λ/2) zueinander angeordnet sind. In weiteren Ausführungen sind das erste Stabelement 3 und das zweite Stabelement 7 sowie das dritte Stabelement 10 und das vierte Stabelement 11 mit einem Abstand von einer viertel bis einer dreiviertel Wellenlänge der UHF Signale (λ/4 bis ¾ λ) zueinander angeordnet.The invention is not limited to the fact that the
- 11
- AntennenelementAntenna element
- 22
- PlattenelementPlate element
- 33
- StabelementBar element
- 44
- AntennenelementAntenna element
- 55
- AntennenanordnungAntenna arrangement
- 66
- UHF RFID TransponderUHF RFID transponder
- 77
- StabelementBar element
- 88th
- SpeisenetzwerkDining Network
- 99
- Spannungsquellevoltage source
- 1010
- StabelementBar element
- 1111
- StabelementBar element
- 1212
- ScheibenelementDisc element
- 1313
- ScheibenelementDisc element
- 1414
- ScheibenelementDisc element
- 1515
- ScheibenelementDisc element
- 1616
- elektrisch leitfähige Umrandungelectrically conductive border
- 1717
- Abdeckungcover
- 1818
- FahrbelagDriving surface
- 1919
- Objektobject
- 2020
- BewegungsrichtungDirection of movement
- 2121
- GehäuseHousing
- 2222
- ausgehende UHF RFID Signaleoutgoing UHF RFID signals
- 2323
- eingehende UHF RFID Signaleincoming UHF RFID signals
- 2424
- Hauptkeule der AbstrahlcharakteristikMain lobe of the radiation pattern
- 2525
- Hauptkeule der AbstrahlcharakteristikMain lobe of the radiation pattern
- 2626
- Hauptkeule der AbstrahlcharakteristikMain lobe of the radiation pattern
- 2727
- Hauptkeule der AbstrahlcharakteristikMain lobe of the radiation pattern
- 2828
- Hauptkeule der AbstrahlcharakteristikMain lobe of the radiation pattern
- 2929
- Hauptkeule der AbstrahlcharakteristikMain lobe of the radiation pattern
Claims (17)
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Citations (7)
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US20060152413A1 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2006-07-13 | Hiroyuki Uno | Antenna assembly |
WO2015004186A1 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | Universite Catholique De Louvain | Steerable antenna and method for controlling said steerable antenna |
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US9917365B1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-13 | Boise State University | Reconfigurable antennas for millimeter-wave systems that support multiple beams |
EP3132387B1 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2018-06-13 | Licensys Australasia Pty Ltd | Vehicle identification and/or monitoring system |
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-
2022
- 2022-04-26 DE DE102022110042.1A patent/DE102022110042A1/en active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-04-25 EP EP23169647.7A patent/EP4270637A1/en active Pending
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US20060152413A1 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2006-07-13 | Hiroyuki Uno | Antenna assembly |
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EP2830157B1 (en) | 2013-07-25 | 2017-03-29 | KATHREIN Sachsen GmbH | Ground antenna |
EP3132387B1 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2018-06-13 | Licensys Australasia Pty Ltd | Vehicle identification and/or monitoring system |
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