EP0761021B1 - Low electric overall height antenna - Google Patents
Low electric overall height antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0761021B1 EP0761021B1 EP96907252A EP96907252A EP0761021B1 EP 0761021 B1 EP0761021 B1 EP 0761021B1 EP 96907252 A EP96907252 A EP 96907252A EP 96907252 A EP96907252 A EP 96907252A EP 0761021 B1 EP0761021 B1 EP 0761021B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- frequency range
- bridge
- conductive surface
- electrically
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
- H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
Definitions
- the invention relates to an antenna in the preamble of the claim 1 mentioned type.
- An antenna of this type can be very advantageous in radio mode on motor vehicles for mobile radio services be used. It has in particular in the GHz frequency range the advantage of a small height with the desired Directional diagram to connect.
- the invention is based on antennas of this type, as they are known from the DAS 2153 827 and DAS 2633 757 as well as European patent applications EP 0176311, EP 0177362 and EP 0163454 are known.
- the antennas described there essentially consist of one L-shaped flat part over a conductive base or are designed as U-shaped flat antennas.
- All antennas of this type are according to the current state of the art Technology monofrequency antennas i.e. they are at their basic resonance frequency operated what is physically a requirement for that is that the directional diagram when built over a conductive Surface essentially has a round characteristic.
- a mobile radio antenna on motor vehicles there is a desire for antennas that are in multiple frequency ranges can be used simultaneously.
- a cellular antenna both in the D mobile network at around 0.9 GHz and in the frequency range of the e-cellular network at approximately twice the frequency (1.8 GHz).
- the simultaneous use of one is often Antenna in the frequency-adjacent GPS navigation radio service desired.
- the object of the invention is therefore in an antenna according to the Preamble of claim 1, with the help of easy to carry out Measures to establish the function for several frequency ranges. These measures are designed to be as cost effective as possible Enable manufacturing.
- Fig. 1 L-shaped antenna with an almost rectangular first conductive Hatched area over conductive counterweight marked effect zones in another higher frequency
- Fig. 2 Antenna as Fig. 1, but with an almost circular first conductive surface and missing circle segment.
- Fig. 3 Antenna with a trapezoidal first conductive surface conductive counterweight and exemplary design of Slits 10, which have a high input impedance at their open End to suppress edge currents in another higher one Frequency range and with additional slots as capacitive Load at the open end, the slots being rectangular Cutouts are loaded inductively, so that the open Slot end at the surface edge, a high-impedance reactance in the sets another higher frequency range.
- Dashed minimal Size of the second conductive area.
- Fig. 3a Simplified equivalent circuit diagram of an inventive Antenna to explain the principle of action.
- Fig. 4 Antenna as Fig. 3 with slots 10 in the bridge 4 to Matching the self-inductance of the bridge in the different Frequency ranges.
- Fig. 5 L-shaped antenna over a conductive base with a circular sector as the first conductive surface 1 and almost quarter-wavelength slots in the wider frequency range for suppression of currents in the peripheral area of the first area.
- the different long slots cause resonances in two frequencies adjacent to each other higher frequency ranges.
- Fig. 6 circular sector antenna with the same shaped second conductive Surface and attachment of the antenna coaxial line parallel to this area.
- the basic principle of operation of the antenna according to the invention is based on it, with the help of the natural resonance of slots and recesses on the conductive surfaces of the antenna in different Frequency ranges to bring about an antenna resonance.
- this can be brought about by the fact that the Slots 10 in the first frequency range on the current distribution affect the antenna little and due to the natural resonance of the slot arrangements the current flow on the antenna is designed in this way is that also in this frequency range the antenna impedance resonance exists.
- the largest dimension of the first conductive area 1 is less than 3/8 lambda, so that is azimuthal Circular diagram e.g. even at double the frequency of the low Frequency range still largely exist.
- an inductance L 4.13 with a series radiation resistance R s increases and the capacity C 13 represents the capacitance of the inner zone 13 to the base plate and the capacitance C 12, the capacity of the current path 12 with the base plate and L 12 is the series inductance of this current path, the capacitance C 11 of the two edge zones 11 with the base plate is connected in parallel with the connection point 3 via the input impedance Z 10, which is high impedance at this frequency, at the open end of the slots 10.
- a slot forms an electrical line in a conductive surface, the wave resistance of which increases with the slot width 9.
- the resonance is mainly formed from the sum of the capacitances C 11 , C 12 , C 13 and the inductance L 12 , L 4 , 13 , the resonance of the slot line results in a complete shutdown of the relatively large ones Capacitance C 11 , whereby the antenna resonates even at the higher frequency. Accordingly, the frequency difference between the first and second resonance is greater, the larger the zone 11 in FIG. 1 is selected by the corresponding position of the slots 10, ie the closer the slots adjacent to the connection point 3 are.
- the shape of the antenna can affect the basic mode of operation can be freely chosen within wide limits.
- the one described Effect of the antenna of this kind can be brought about if the first conductive surface e.g. Rectangular shape, trapezoidal shape, Circle sector shape or circular shape with missing circle segment. Also a symmetry condition regarding the surface shape and the arrangement of the slots does not necessarily have to be observed will.
- the corresponding ones are shown in FIG. 2 for clarification Effective zones for an antenna with a circular shape and a missing one Circle segment entered.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of an advantageous embodiment of two Slots 10 for designing the current path 12 and the low-current Edge zones 11 and the inner one effective for resonance formation Zone 13 in Fig. 1.
- the slots 10 in their main direction as To design the boundary of the current path. Is the slot in the higher frequency lambda / 4 long, so it owns at its open End at the edge of the first surface a high input impedance, so that currents at this frequency from connection point 3 to the low-current Zones 11 are hindered in their flow. Noteworthy at the lower frequency, provided that e.g. only half the size the slots for the streams are not essential Obstacle.
- the first conductive surface 1 are included.
- you can such slots are introduced into the slots 10, which at their opposite the edge of the conductive surface 1 End with an inductive cutout from the conductive Area 1 is complete.
- the borders of these sections 14 acts inductively due to its longer length in contrast to Slot, which is a strong due to the small slot width has a capacitive effect.
- the Reactive resistance in the open end of the slot second frequency range can be designed with high resistance, so that Edge currents on the first conductive surface 1 are significantly suppressed will.
- the bridge 4 mainly acts inductively. 4 are Slits 10 are also made in the bridge 4 to be on this Way using the changed inductance in a second Frequency range in which the slots have 1/4 wavelength resonance at their open end possess the resonance frequency of the antenna also produce in this frequency range.
- the first senior Surface 1 of the antenna has the shape of a circular sector with no sector triangle at the top of the circle sector.
- the Slots 10 are largely straight in this example Sector rays, starting from the circular edge of the sector in Direction of the inner zone of the first conductive surface 1, arranged.
- Such an antenna can be very advantageous as Antenna for the D mobile network (approx. 900 MHz) and the E mobile network (approx. 1800 MHz). In this case it is Length of the slots about Lambda / 4 to choose for the frequency range of the E network; in the higher frequency range mainly the inner zone 13 of the first conductive Area 1 near the edge 5 and the bridge 4.
- a special one advantageous embodiment of this antenna covers equally the frequency of the global positioning system (GPS). This is easily achieved by using several slots with slightly unequal lengths for the Slits 10a and 10b in Fig. 5 resonate the antenna at the GPS frequency (1574 MHz) is also reached.
- GPS global positioning system
- the circle sector angle for example, 90 degrees.
- the slots are arranged symmetrically to the bisector. The shorter ones have 6 slits lying near the center line in this Example for the suppression of currents in the electric network frequency range a length of 0.25 lambda. For the longer slots in Fig. 5 was used to generate the resonance of the antenna on the GPS frequency a length of 0.23 lambda is selected.
- Such an antenna has the particular advantage of being simple Manufacturability. Will it over a conductive base plate or a mechanical support plate, so the first first conductive surface 1 and the bridge 4 from a sheet in one Operation together with the slots 10a and 10b with typical required slot widths of 0.5 ... 1.5 mm are punched out will. By bending the edge 5 at a right angle, the Antenna with the lower edge of the bridge 4 in a simple way mounted on the counterweight. After matching the Position of the slots and their dimensions such that Resonances of the antenna can arise at all three frequencies so with the help of a punch tool the antenna with large Precision and extremely inexpensive to manufacture. One is also in the choice of the sector angle with the invention Antenna relatively free.
- An antenna according to the invention can e.g. as in Fig. 6, also with mutually congruent conductive surfaces 1 and 2 can be designed.
- the outer jacket of the coaxial line runs 7 parallel to the surface 2, so that it is the electric field perpendicular to the areas 1, 2 does not bother.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antenne der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs
1 genannten Art. Eine Antenne dieser Art kann sehr vorteilhaft
im Funkbetrieb auf Kraftfahrzeugen für Mobilfunkdienste
eingesetzt werden. Sie besitzt insbesondere im GHz-Frequenzbereich
den Vorteil, eine kleine Bauhöhe mit dem gewünschten
Richtdiagramm zu verbinden.The invention relates to an antenna in the preamble of the
Die Erfindung geht aus von Antennen dieser Art, wie sie aus der DAS 2153 827 und DAS 2633 757 sowie den Europäischen Patentanmeldungen EP 0176311, EP 0177362 und EP 0163454 bekannt sind. Die dort beschriebenen Antennen bestehen im wesentlichen aus einem L-förmigen flächigen Teil über einer leitenden Grundfläche bzw. sind als U-förmige flächige Antennen ausgeführt.The invention is based on antennas of this type, as they are known from the DAS 2153 827 and DAS 2633 757 as well as European patent applications EP 0176311, EP 0177362 and EP 0163454 are known. The antennas described there essentially consist of one L-shaped flat part over a conductive base or are designed as U-shaped flat antennas.
Das Wirkungsprinzip dieser Antennen besteht darin, bei der Betriebsfrequenz eine Resonanz zu besitzen, wobei die Resonanz durch eine ausgeglichene Blindleistungsbilanz zwischen der magnetischen Blindleistung und der kapazitiven Blindleistung ausgezeichnet ist, so daß an der vorgesehenen Antennenanschlußstelle eine im wesentlichen reelle bzw. eine nicht zu stark reaktive Impedanz herrscht. Diese Resonanzwirkung ist im Ersatzschaltbild Fig. 4 der EP 0177362 für eine L-förmige Antenne beschrieben. Bei Resonanz der L-Struktur sind dabei die Blindleistungen der magnetischen Felder, welche die starken Ströme auf der und in der Umgebung der Brücke 38 in Fig. 3 bilden, ausgewogen mit der kapazitiven Blindleistung, welche die elektrischen Felder zwischen der Fläche 36 und der Grundplatte 39 bilden.The principle of operation of these antennas is that Operating frequency to have a resonance, the resonance through a balanced reactive power balance between the magnetic reactive power and capacitive reactive power is excellent, so that at the intended antenna connection point an essentially real or not too reactive one There is impedance. This resonance effect is in the Equivalent circuit Fig. 4 of EP 0177362 for an L-shaped Antenna described. When the L structure resonates, the Reactive powers of the magnetic fields, which are the strong ones Form currents on and in the vicinity of the bridge 38 in FIG. 3, balanced with the capacitive reactive power which the electric fields between the surface 36 and the base plate 39 form.
Alle Antennen dieser Art sind nach dem gegenwärtigen Stand der Technik monofrequente Antennen d.h., sie werden bei ihrer Grundresonanzfrequenz betrieben, was physikalisch eine Voraussetzung dafür ist, daß das Richtdiagramm bei Aufbau über einer leitenden Fläche im wesentlichen eine Rundcharakteristik besitzt. Insbesondere beim Einsatz als Mobilfunkantenne auf Kraftfahrzeugen besteht jedoch der Wunsch nach Antennen, welche in mehreren Frequenzbereichen gleichzeitig einsetzbar sind. Als wichtiges Beispiel gilt die Verwendung einer Mobilfunkantenne sowohl im D-Mobilfunknetz bei ca. 0,9 GHz als auch im Frequenzbereich des E-Mobilfunknetzes bei etwa doppelter Frequenz (1,8 GHz). Zusätzlich ist vielfach die gleichzeitige Verwendung einer Antenne im frequenzbenachbarten GPS-Navigationsfunkdienst erwünscht.All antennas of this type are according to the current state of the art Technology monofrequency antennas i.e. they are at their basic resonance frequency operated what is physically a requirement for that is that the directional diagram when built over a conductive Surface essentially has a round characteristic. Especially when used as a mobile radio antenna on motor vehicles However, there is a desire for antennas that are in multiple frequency ranges can be used simultaneously. As an important example is the use of a cellular antenna both in the D mobile network at around 0.9 GHz and in the frequency range of the e-cellular network at approximately twice the frequency (1.8 GHz). In addition, the simultaneous use of one is often Antenna in the frequency-adjacent GPS navigation radio service desired.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, bei einer Antenne nach dem
Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, mit Hilfe einfach durchzuführender
Maßnahmen, die Funktion für mehrere Frequenzbereiche herzustellen.
Diese Maßnahmen sollen eine möglichst kostengünstige
Herstellung ermöglichen.The object of the invention is therefore in an antenna according to the
Preamble of
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Antenne mit den
Merkmalen im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by an antenna with the
Features solved in the characterizing part of
Ausführungsbeispiele des Erfindungsgegenstandes werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen beschrieben. Es zeigt:Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are as follows described with reference to the drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1: L-förmige Antenne mit nahezu rechteckiger erster leitender
Fläche über leitendem Gegengewicht mit schraffiert
gekennzeichneten Wirkungszonen in einem weiteren höherfrequenten
Frequenzbereich: 11 = Randzonen mit kleinen Strömen; 13 = für
Resonanzbildung wirksame innere Zone; 3 = Strombahn zwischen
Ankopplungspunkt 3 und leitender Brücke 4.Fig. 1: L-shaped antenna with an almost rectangular first conductive
Hatched area over conductive counterweight
marked effect zones in another higher frequency
Frequency range: 11 = marginal zones with small currents; 13 = for
Resonance effective inner zone; 3 = current path between
Fig. 2: Antenne wie Fig. 1, jedoch mit nahezu kreisförmiger erster leitender Fläche und fehlendem Kreissegment.Fig. 2: Antenna as Fig. 1, but with an almost circular first conductive surface and missing circle segment.
Fig. 3: Antenne mit trapezförmiger erster leitender Fläche über
leitendem Gegengewicht und beispielhafter Ausgestaltung von
Schlitzen 10, welche mit hoher Eingangsimpedanz an deren offenem
Ende zur Unterdrückung von Kantenströmen in einem weiteren höheren
Frequenzbereich und mit zusätzlichen Schlitzen als kapazitive
Last am offenen Ende, wobei die Schlitze durch rechteckige
Ausschnitte induktiv belastet sind, so daß sich am offenen
Schlitzende am Flächenrand, ein hochohmiger Blindwiderstand im
weiteren höheren Frequenzbereich einstellt. Gestrichelt: minimale
Größe der zweiten leitenden Fläche.Fig. 3: Antenna with a trapezoidal first conductive surface
conductive counterweight and exemplary design of
Fig. 3a: Stark vereinfachtes Ersatzschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Antenne zur Erläuterung des Wirkungsprinzips.Fig. 3a: Simplified equivalent circuit diagram of an inventive Antenna to explain the principle of action.
Fig. 4: Antenne wie Fig. 3 mit Schlitzen 10 in der Brücke 4 zur
Abstimmung der Eigeninduktivität der Brücke in den verschiedenen
Frequenzbereichen.Fig. 4: Antenna as Fig. 3 with
Fig. 5: L-förmige Antenne über leitendem Grund mit einem Kreissektor
als erster leitender Fläche 1 und nahezu Viertelwellenlängen-Schlitze
im weiteren Frequenzbereich zur Unterdrückung
von Strömen im Randgebiet der ersten Fläche. Die unterschiedlich
langen Schlitze bewirken Resonanzen in zwei zueinander frequenzbenachbarten
höheren Frequenzbereichen.Fig. 5: L-shaped antenna over a conductive base with a circular sector
as the first
Fig. 6: Kreissektorantenne mit ebenso geformter zweiter leitenden Fläche und Anbringung der Antennenkoaxialleitung parallel zu dieser Fläche.Fig. 6: circular sector antenna with the same shaped second conductive Surface and attachment of the antenna coaxial line parallel to this area.
Das Grundwirkungsprinzip der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne beruht
darauf, mit Hilfe der Eigenresonanz von Schlitzen und Aussparungen
auf den leitenden Flächen der Antenne in unterschiedlichen
Frequenzbereichen jeweils eine Antennenresonanz herbeizuführen.
Auf einfachste Weise kann dies dadurch bewirkt werden, daß die
Schlitze 10 im ersten Frequenzbereich die Stromverteilung auf
der Antenne nur wenig beeinflussen und infolge der Eigenresonanz
der Schlitzanordnungen der Stromfluß auf der Antenne derart gestaltet
ist, daß ebenfalls in diesem Frequenzbereich bezüglich
der Antennenimpedanz Resonanz besteht.The basic principle of operation of the antenna according to the invention is based
on it, with the help of the natural resonance of slots and recesses
on the conductive surfaces of the antenna in different
Frequency ranges to bring about an antenna resonance.
In the simplest way, this can be brought about by the fact that the
In der Fig. 1 ist das Wirkungsprinzip der Antenne nach der Erfindung
dargestellt. Im ersten, also niederen Frequenzbereich,
wirkt die gesamte erste leitende Fläche 1 und ist durch die
Schlitze 10 gemäß dem Anspruch 1 nur wenig in ihrer Wirkung
beeinträchtigt, so daß die Antenne in diesem Bereich wirkt wie
die Antennen, die gemäß dem Stande der Technik beschrieben sind.
Um in einem weiteren höheren Frequenzbereich ebenfalls eine
gewünschte Resonanz zu erreichen, werden gemäß dem Kennzeichen
des Anspruchs 1 in der Umgebung der Randzonen 11 Schlitze 10
eingebracht, welche insbesondere die hochwirksamen Randströme im
höherfrequenten Bereich unterdrücken. Somit bildet sich gemäß
der Erfindung zwischen dem Anschlußpunkt 3 und der Brücke 4 eine
Strombahn 12 aus, auf der die Antennenströme fließen. Bei geeignetem
Verlauf und geeigneter Dimensionierung der Schlitze 10
wird über diese Strombahn 12 die innere Zone 13, welche sich in
der Nähe der Brücke 4 befindet, zur Resonanzbildung angeregt.
Aufgrund der Kleinheit der inneren Zone 13 im Vergleich zur gesamten
ersten leitenden Fläche 1 stellt sich zusätzlich zur ersten
Resonanzfrequenz eine höhere Resonanzfrequenz für den weiteren
Frequenzbereich ein. Ist die größte Abmessung der ersten
leitenden Fläche 1 kleiner als 3/8 Lambda, so ist das azimutale
Runddiagramm z.B. auch bei der doppelten Frequenz des niedrigen
Frequenzbereichs noch weitgehend gegeben.1 is the principle of operation of the antenna according to the invention
shown. In the first, i.e. lower frequency range,
acts the entire first
Um das Wirkungsprinzip der Antenne besser zu erläutern, wird das
stark vereinfachte Ersatzschaltbild in Fig. 3a betrachtet, welches
jedoch die einzelnen Wirkelemente nur ganz grob angenähert
wiedergibt. Eine grobe Vereinfachung der Darstellung besteht
darin, daß verteilt wirkende Blindelemente zum besseren
Verständnis als konzentrierte Elemente dargestellt sind und somit
nicht als frequenzunabhängig betrachtet werden können.
Dennoch läßt sich anhand dieses vereinfachten Ersatzschaltbildes
die grundsätzliche Wirkungsweise der Antenne im höheren
Frequenzbereich erläutern. Schreibt man der mit der Grundplatte
verbundenen Brücke 4 und der inneren Zone 13 eine Induktivität
L4,13 mit einem Serienstrahlungwiderstand Rs zu und repräsentiert
die Kapazität C13 die Kapazität der inneren Zone 13 mit
der Grundplatte und die Kapazität C12 die Kapazität der
Strombahn 12 mit der Grundplatte und ist L12 die Serieninduktivität
dieser Strombahn, so ist die Kapazität C11 der beiden
Randzonen 11 mit der Grundplatte über die bei dieser
Frequenz hochohmigen Eingangsimpedanz Z 10 am offenen Ende der
Schlitze 10 dem Anschlußpunkt 3 parallelgeschaltet. Durch
Einfügung der Schlitzimpedanz Z 10 und deren Darstellung als
hochohmiger Parallelresonanzkreis ist erkennbar, daß sich das
erfindungsgemäße Resonanzverhalten bei mehreren Frequenzen
einstellt. Ein Schlitz bildet in einer leitenden Fläche eine
elektrische Leitung, deren Wellenwiderstand mit der Schlitzbreite
9 ansteigt. Tendenzweise ist die Wirkungsfrequenzbandbreite
der Schlitzresonanz im Hinblick auf die Beeinflussung
der Antennenströme umso größer, je größer die Schlitzbreite ist.
Während bei der ersten, niedrigen Frequenz die Resonanz in der
Hauptsache aus der Summe der Kapazitäten C11, C12, C13 und der
Induktivität L12, L4,13 gebildet ist, ergibt sich bei Resonanz
der Schlitzleitung eine vollkommene Abschaltung der relativ
großen Kapazität C11, wodurch die Antenne auch bei der höheren
Frequenz eine Resonanz besitzt. Demnach ist der Frequenzunterschied
zwischen erster und zweiter Resonanz umso größer, je
größer die Zone 11 in Fig.1 durch entsprechende Lage der
Schlitze 10 gewählt ist, d.h. je näher die zum Anschlußpunkt 3
benachbarten Schlitze beieinander liegen.In order to better explain the principle of operation of the antenna, the greatly simplified equivalent circuit diagram in FIG. 3a is considered, which, however, only gives a rough approximation of the individual active elements. A rough simplification of the representation consists in the fact that distributed-acting dummy elements are shown as concentrated elements for better understanding and can therefore not be regarded as frequency-independent. Nevertheless, the basic mode of operation of the antenna in the higher frequency range can be explained on the basis of this simplified equivalent circuit diagram. Writes to the connected to the
Die Form der Antenne kann bezüglich der grundsätzlichen Wirkungsweise in weiten Grenzen frei gewählt werden. Die beschriebene Wirkung der Antenne dieser Art kann herbeigeführt werden, wenn die erste leitende Fläche z.B. Rechteckform, Trapezform, Kreissektorform bzw. Kreisform mit fehlendem Kreissegment besitzt. Auch eine Symmetriebedingung bezüglich der Flächenform und der Anordnung der Schlitze muß nicht zwingend eingehalten werden. Zur Verdeutlichung sind in Fig. 2 die entsprechenden Wirkungszonen für eine Antenne mit Kreisform und fehlendem Kreissegment eingetragen.The shape of the antenna can affect the basic mode of operation can be freely chosen within wide limits. The one described Effect of the antenna of this kind can be brought about if the first conductive surface e.g. Rectangular shape, trapezoidal shape, Circle sector shape or circular shape with missing circle segment. Also a symmetry condition regarding the surface shape and the arrangement of the slots does not necessarily have to be observed will. The corresponding ones are shown in FIG. 2 for clarification Effective zones for an antenna with a circular shape and a missing one Circle segment entered.
Fig. 3 zeigt beispielhaft eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung zweier
Schlitze 10 zur Gestaltung der Strombahn 12 sowie der stromarmen
Randzonen 11 und der für die Resonanzbildung wirksamen inneren
Zone 13 in Fig. 1. Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, zur Gestaltung
der Strombahn 12, die Schlitze 10 in ihrer Hauptrichtung als
Berandung der Strombahn zu gestalten. Ist der Schlitz bei der
höheren Frequenz Lambda/4 lang, so besitzt er an seinem offenen
Ende am Rand der ersten Fläche eine hohe Eingangsimpedanz, so
daß Ströme bei dieser Frequenz vom Anschlußpunkt 3 zu den stromarmen
Zonen 11 in ihrem Fluß behindert werden. Bei der nennenswert
niedrigeren Frequenz, sofern diese z.B. nur halb so groß
ist, stellen die Schlitze für die Ströme kein wesentliches
Hindernis dar. Ihre Wirkung auf die Resonanzfrequenz im ersten
Frequenzbereich kann auf bekannte Weise in die Dimensionierung
der ersten leitenden Fläche 1 einbezogen werden. Zusätzlich können
zu den Schlitzen 10 solche Schlitze eingebracht werden, welche
an ihrem dem Rand der leitenden Fläche 1 entgegengesetztem
Ende mit einem induktiv wirkenden Ausschnitt aus der leitenden
Fläche 1 abgeschlossen ist. Die Berandung dieser Ausschnitte 14
wirkt aufgrund ihrer größeren Länge induktiv im Gegensatz zum
Schlitz, welcher aufgrund der kleinen Schlitzbreite eine stark
kapazitive Wirkung hat. Bei geeigneter Ausführung kann dabei der
am offenen Ende des Schlitzes entstehende Blindwiderstand im
zweiten Frequenzbereich hochohmig gestaltet werden, so daß
Randströme auf der ersten leitenden Fläche 1 wesentlich unterdrückt
werden. Diese Anordnung bewirkt, daß die in Fig. 1 mit 11
gekennzeichneten Zonen nur wenig zur Kapazität der ersten leitenden
Fläche 1 gegenüber der als elektrisches Gegengewicht wirkenden
elektrisch leitenden Fläche 2 beitragen. Die
Verkleinerung der wirksamen Kapazität bewirkt somit im zweiten
Frequenzbereich eine Resonanz, wobei die für die Resonanzbildung
wirksame innere Zone 13 (siehe Fig. 1) über die Strombahn 12
zwischen Ankopplungspunkt 3 und leitender Brücke 4 in Fig. 1 angeregt
wird.3 shows an example of an advantageous embodiment of two
Die Brücke 4 wirkt in der Hauptsache induktiv. In Fig. 4 sind
Schlitze 10 ebenfalls in die Brücke 4 eingebracht, um auf diese
Weise mit Hilfe der veränderten Induktivität in einem zweiten
Frequenzbereich, in dem die Schlitze an ihrem offenen Ende 1/4-Wellenlängen-Resonanz
besitzen, die Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne
auch in diesem Frequenzbereich herstellen.The
In Fig. 5 ist eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung einer
Antenne nach der Erfindung dargestellt. Die erste leitende
Fläche 1 der Antenne besitzt hier die Form eines Kreissektors
mit fehlendem Sektordreieck an der Spitze des Kreissektors. Die
Schlitze 10 sind bei diesem Beispiel auf weitgehend geradlinigen
Sektorstrahlen, ausgehend vom kreisförmigen Rand des Sektors in
Richtung der inneren Zone der ersten leitenden Fläche 1, angeordnet.
Eine solche Antenne läßt sich sehr vorteilhaft als
Antenne für das D-Mobilfunknetz (ca. 900 MHz) und das E-Mobilfunknetz
(ca. 1800 MHz) einsetzen. In diesem Fall ist die
Länge der Schlitze etwa Lambda/4 zu wählen für den Frequenzbereich
des E-Netzes; im höheren Frequenzbereich wirken dabei in
der Hauptsache nur die innere Zone 13 der ersten leitenden
Fläche 1 in der Nähe der Kante 5 und die Brücke 4. Eine besonders
vorteilhafte Ausführungsform dieser Antenne deckt gleichermaßen
die Frequenz des Global-Positioning-Systems (GPS) ab. Dies
wird auf einfache Weise dadurch erreicht, daß durch Verwendung
mehrerer Schlitze mit geringfügig ungleichen Längen für die
Schlitze 10a und 10b in Fig. 5 eine Resonanz der Antenne bei der
GPS-Frequenz (1574 MHz) ebenfalls erreicht wird. Bei einer praktischen
Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Antenne beträgt
der Kreissektorwinkel beispielhaft 90 Grad. Die Schlitze sind
symmetrisch zur Winkelhalbierenden angeordnet. Die kürzeren,
nahe der Mittellinie 6 liegenden Schlitze haben in diesem
Beispiel zur Unterdrückung von Strömen im E-Netzfrequenzbereich
eine Länge von 0,25 Lambda. Für die längeren Schlitze in Fig. 5
wurde zur Erzeugung der Resonanz der Antenne auf der GPS-Frequenz
eine Länge von 0,23 Lambda gewählt.5 is a particularly advantageous embodiment of a
Antenna according to the invention shown. The first
Eine solche Antenne hat den besonderen Vorteil der einfachen
Herstellbarkeit. Wird sie über einer leitenden Grundplatte oder
einer mechanischen Trägerplatte verwendet, so können die erste
erste leitende Fläche 1 und die Brücke 4 aus einem Blech in einem
Arbeitsgang gemeinsam mit den Schlitzen 10a und 10b mit typisch
erforderlichen Schlitzbreiten von 0,5...1,5 mm ausgestanzt
werden. Durch Biegen der Kante 5 im rechten Winkel wird die
Antenne mit der unteren Kante der Brücke 4 auf einfache Weise
auf dem Gegengewicht montiert. Nach gefundenem Abgleich der
Position der Schlitze und ihrer Abmessungen derart, daß
Resonanzen der Antenne bei allen drei Frequenzen entstehen, kann
so mit Hilfe eines Stanzwerkzeugs die Antenne mit großer
Präzision und außerordentlich kostengünstig hergestellt werden.
Auch in der Wahl des Sektorwinkels ist man bei der erfindungsgemäßen
Antenne relativ frei. Es zeigt sich, daß bei vorgegebener,
nach dem Stande der Technik gewählter Trapez- oder
Rechteck-Form für die erste leitende Fläche 1, nach Maßgabe der
vorliegenden Erfindung stets Schlitze 10 derart eingebracht werden
können, um die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe der Erzeugung von
Mehrfachresonanzen zu lösen. Eine ähnlich einfache Herstellung
einer Antenne nach der Erfindung kann in gedruckter
Leiterplattentechnik erfolgen, wobei auch kompliziertere
Schlitzformen kostengünstig realisiert werden können.Such an antenna has the particular advantage of being simple
Manufacturability. Will it over a conductive base plate or
a mechanical support plate, so the first
first
Eine erfindungsgemäße Antenne kann z.B. wie in Fig. 6, auch mit
zueinander kongruenten leitenden Flächen 1 und 2 gestaltet werden.
In diesem Fall verläuft der Außenmantel der Koaxialleitung
7 parallel zur Fläche 2, so daß er das elektrische Feld senkrecht
zu den Flächen 1, 2 nicht stört.An antenna according to the invention can e.g. as in Fig. 6, also with
mutually congruent
Claims (15)
- An antenna with electrically low overall height, preferably for frequencies in the GHz range, comprising a first electrically-conductive surface (1) which, in a first frequency range, is no larger than 3/8 Lambda in any of its dimensions, and a second electrically-conductive surface (2) which functions as an electrical counterweight of at least the same size, and which is arranged essentially opposite and parallel to the first electrically-conductive surface (1) and at a certain distance (A) therefrom; and a conductive bridge (4) which forms a high frequency, low resistance connection between an edge (5) of the first conductive surface (1) and the second conductive surface (2) across a width (B) and the first electrically-conductive surface (1) is connected in a connection point (3) so as to conduct high frequencies to the inner conductor (7) of a coaxial cable via a conductor (15) at the antenna connection point, the outer conductor (8) of which is connected to the second electrically-conductive surface (2) and the dimensions of the antenna and the connection point (3) are selected so that the antenna is in resonance in the first frequency range, characterised in that in order to generate resonance in at least one further frequency range, slits (10) of a suitable width (9) and shape are formed in at least one of the two conducting surfaces and/or in the conductive bridge (4) and their edges are selected in such a way that they each conform to the flow of current in the electrically-conductive surfaces (1, 2) and the bridge (4) in the first and in each subsequent frequency range, in a frequency-selective manner, so that in each case the antenna is close to a resonance in the first and in each subsequent frequency range.
- An antenna according to claim 1, characterised in that in order to generate resonance in at least one further, higher-frequency, frequency range, slits (10) of a suitable width (9) and each with an open end facing the edge of the surface are formed at least in one of the two electrically-conductive surfaces, their shape in the surface and their lengths being selected so that they only slightly influence the current flow on the surfaces in the first frequency range, so that the effective area for resonance generation is essentially given as the entire conductive surface, but determine the flow of current on these surfaces in each subsequent frequency range in such a way that a conducting path (12) with strong currents is set up between the connection point (3) and the conductive bridge (4), the edge areas (11) of the conducting surface on both sides of this flow of current only conducting small currents so that the effective inner area (13) for resonance generation set up near the conducting bridge and this area, corresponding to the higher frequency, is smaller than the conducting surface, so that the antenna also resonates in this frequency range.
- An antenna according to claims 1 to 2, characterised in that in order to generate resonance in at least one further frequency range, at least one slit (10) of a suitable width (9) and with an open end facing the edge of the surface is formed in the conductive bridge (4), its shape in the surface and its length up to its closed end being selected in each case so that it only slightly influences the current flow on the surfaces in the first frequency range, the effective inductive effect of the bridge for resonance generation thus being given by the total width of the bridge, the flow of currents on this bridge in each subsequent frequency range however being determined in such a way that the effective width of the bridge, corresponding to the further frequency, is smaller than the geometric width B, so that the antenna also resonates in this frequency range.
- An antenna according to claims 1 to 3,
characterised in that in the case of a large frequency ratio between a second and the first frequency range, the slits (10) are arranged, with a constant slit width (9), so they have an electrical length of approximately 1/4 Lambda in the second frequency range, so that they have a large reactance at the open end on the edge of the conducting surface. - An antenna according to claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that a narrow slit width (9) is selected to effect a geometrical reduction in the necessary slit length and the closed end of the slit is formed by the edge of a recessed surface (14) which is large in comparison with the surface of the slit, so that the slit has a large reactance in the second frequency range at its open end, this reactance being as small as possible in the first frequency range. - An antenna according to claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that the first electrically-conductive surface (1) is rectangular, and the connection point (3) is substantially disposed on the central vertex (16) of the edge (5), which forms the first conductive surface (1) with the bridge (4). - An antenna according to claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that the first electrically-conductive surface (1) is shaped as a circle with a missing segment and the connection point (3) is substantially disposed on the central vertex (16) of the substantially straight edge (5) which is formed by the missing segment of the circle and which forms the first conductive surface (1) with the bridge (4). - An antenna according to claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that the first electrically-conductive surface (1) is shaped as a sector of a circle with a missing sector triangle at the point of the circle sector, the connection point (3) being substantially disposed on the bisector (6) of the circle sector, the opening angle of the circle sector being less than 180 degrees. - An antenna according to claims 1 to 8,
characterised in that at least two slits (10) on the first electrically-conductive surface (1) lead from the edge substantially in a straight line towards the conducting bridge (4), symmetrically about the line of symmetry, and in the direction of the effective inner area (13) for the further frequency range. - An antenna according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that slits, in the form of sector radii, run in a substantially straight line from the edge of the first electrically-conductive surface (1) in the direction of the effective inner area (13).
- An antenna according to claims 1 to 10,
characterised in that slits of varying length are arranged on the first and/or second conducting surface (1, 2) for the development of further resonances for further frequency ranges. - An antenna according to claim 11, characterised in that a plurality of slits, running symmetrically about the line of symmetry in a substantially straight line, are provided so that effective inner areas are set up for resonance generation in the D net, E net and for the satellite-supported navigation system GPS.
- An antenna according to claims 1 to 12,
characterised in that the second conductive surface (2) is a substantially horizontal conductive surface of a motor vehicle body. - An antenna according to claims 1 and 2,
characterised in that the first and second conductive surface are substantially congruent to one another and the outer jacket of the coaxial cable (7) is parallel to the second conductive surface (2) so that it does not disturb the electrical field vertical to the surfaces (1, 2). - An antenna according to claim 14, characterised in that it is disposed on a non-conductive surface of a motor vehicle body.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19510236A DE19510236A1 (en) | 1995-03-21 | 1995-03-21 | Flat antenna with low overall height |
| DE19510236 | 1995-03-21 | ||
| PCT/DE1996/000472 WO1996029757A1 (en) | 1995-03-21 | 1996-03-19 | Low electric overall height |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0761021A1 EP0761021A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
| EP0761021B1 true EP0761021B1 (en) | 1998-07-22 |
Family
ID=7757285
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96907252A Expired - Lifetime EP0761021B1 (en) | 1995-03-21 | 1996-03-19 | Low electric overall height antenna |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5850198A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0761021B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19510236A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2120811T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996029757A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6043786A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 2000-03-28 | Motorola, Inc. | Multi-band slot antenna structure and method |
| DE19817573A1 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-10-21 | Heinz Lindenmeier | Antenna for multiple radio services |
| US6127983A (en) * | 1998-10-08 | 2000-10-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Wideband antenna for towed low-profile submarine buoy |
| GB2345194B (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2003-08-06 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Dual band antenna for a handset |
| DE29823087U1 (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2000-05-04 | reel Reinheimer Elektronik GmbH, 35435 Wettenberg | Broadband, linearly polarized multi-range antenna, especially for mobile use in vehicles |
| AU7999500A (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-23 | Arc Wireless Solutions, Inc. | Compact dual narrow band microstrip antenna |
| WO2001045200A1 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2001-06-21 | Rangestar Wireless, Inc. | Orthogonal slot antenna assembly |
| JP2002076757A (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-15 | Hitachi Ltd | Radio terminal using slot antenna |
| SE524825C2 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2004-10-12 | Smarteq Wireless Ab | Antenna coupling device cooperating with an internal first antenna arranged in a communication device |
| US6441792B1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2002-08-27 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc. | Low-profile, multi-antenna module, and method of integration into a vehicle |
| US6433756B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2002-08-13 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc. | Method of providing increased low-angle radiation sensitivity in an antenna and an antenna having increased low-angle radiation sensitivity |
| US6545647B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2003-04-08 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Antenna system for communicating simultaneously with a satellite and a terrestrial system |
| US6739028B2 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2004-05-25 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Molded high impedance surface and a method of making same |
| US6670921B2 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2003-12-30 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Low-cost HDMI-D packaging technique for integrating an efficient reconfigurable antenna array with RF MEMS switches and a high impedance surface |
| US20070211403A1 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2007-09-13 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Molded high impedance surface |
| DE102006039357B4 (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2018-06-28 | Heinz Lindenmeier | Antenna diversity system for radio reception for vehicles |
| DE102007017478A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-16 | Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. | Receiving system with a circuit arrangement for the suppression of switching interference in antenna diversity |
| EP2037593A3 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2016-10-12 | Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH | Antenna diversity array for relatively broadband radio reception in automobiles |
| DE102007039914A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-05 | Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. | Antenna diversity system with two antennas for radio reception in vehicles |
| DE102008003532A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. | Antenna for satellite reception |
| PT2209221T (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2018-12-27 | Fuba Automotive Electronics Gmbh | Receiver for summating phased antenna signals |
| DE102009011542A1 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-09 | Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier | Antenna for receiving circularly in a direction of rotation of the polarization of broadcast satellite radio signals |
| DE102009023514A1 (en) * | 2009-05-30 | 2010-12-02 | Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier | Antenna for circular polarization with a conductive base |
| CN107093790B (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2020-05-12 | 元太科技工业股份有限公司 | Slot antenna device |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3736591A (en) * | 1970-10-30 | 1973-05-29 | Motorola Inc | Receiving antenna for miniature radio receiver |
| US4070676A (en) * | 1975-10-06 | 1978-01-24 | Ball Corporation | Multiple resonance radio frequency microstrip antenna structure |
| US4067016A (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1978-01-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Dual notched/diagonally fed electric microstrip dipole antennas |
| US4191959A (en) * | 1978-07-17 | 1980-03-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Microstrip antenna with circular polarization |
| JPS60244103A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-12-04 | Nec Corp | Antenna |
| JPH061848B2 (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1994-01-05 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | antenna |
| JPS6187434A (en) * | 1984-10-04 | 1986-05-02 | Nec Corp | Portable radio equipment |
| CA1263745A (en) * | 1985-12-03 | 1989-12-05 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corporation | Shorted microstrip antenna |
| US4692769A (en) * | 1986-04-14 | 1987-09-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Dual band slotted microstrip antenna |
| US4835541A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1989-05-30 | Ball Corporation | Near-isotropic low-profile microstrip radiator especially suited for use as a mobile vehicle antenna |
| US5355142A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1994-10-11 | Ball Corporation | Microstrip antenna structure suitable for use in mobile radio communications and method for making same |
| DE4302905C1 (en) * | 1993-02-02 | 1994-03-17 | Kathrein Werke Kg | Directional antenna, pref. symmetrical dipole type - is formed by cutting and/or stamping out sections of reflector wall and bending remaining bridging piece |
| DE69409447T2 (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1998-11-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Antenna for mobile radio |
| US5627550A (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 1997-05-06 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | Wideband double C-patch antenna including gap-coupled parasitic elements |
-
1995
- 1995-03-21 DE DE19510236A patent/DE19510236A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-03-19 EP EP96907252A patent/EP0761021B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-19 DE DE59600359T patent/DE59600359D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-19 US US08/718,536 patent/US5850198A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-19 ES ES96907252T patent/ES2120811T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-19 WO PCT/DE1996/000472 patent/WO1996029757A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59600359D1 (en) | 1998-08-27 |
| EP0761021A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
| ES2120811T3 (en) | 1998-11-01 |
| DE19510236A1 (en) | 1996-09-26 |
| US5850198A (en) | 1998-12-15 |
| WO1996029757A1 (en) | 1996-09-26 |
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