EP4268207A1 - Système de détermination de distance, système de surveillance de contact, système de suivi de contact et procédé de détermination de distance et/ou de suivi de contact - Google Patents

Système de détermination de distance, système de surveillance de contact, système de suivi de contact et procédé de détermination de distance et/ou de suivi de contact

Info

Publication number
EP4268207A1
EP4268207A1 EP21844705.0A EP21844705A EP4268207A1 EP 4268207 A1 EP4268207 A1 EP 4268207A1 EP 21844705 A EP21844705 A EP 21844705A EP 4268207 A1 EP4268207 A1 EP 4268207A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
monitoring
distance
signal
monitoring unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21844705.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lutz Dittrich
Walter Naumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETO Magnetic GmbH
Original Assignee
ETO Magnetic GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102021112613.4A external-priority patent/DE102021112613A1/de
Application filed by ETO Magnetic GmbH filed Critical ETO Magnetic GmbH
Publication of EP4268207A1 publication Critical patent/EP4268207A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms
    • G08B21/22—Status alarms responsive to presence or absence of persons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/0202—Child monitoring systems using a transmitter-receiver system carried by the parent and the child
    • G08B21/0241—Data exchange details, e.g. data protocol
    • G08B21/0258—System arrangements wherein both parent and child units can emit and receive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/0202—Child monitoring systems using a transmitter-receiver system carried by the parent and the child
    • G08B21/0266—System arrangements wherein the object is to detect the exact distance between parent and child or surveyor and item

Definitions

  • Distance determination system distance determination system, contact monitoring system, contact tracing system and method for distance determination and/or contact tracing
  • the invention relates to a distance determination system according to claim 1, a monitoring unit according to claim 13, a contact monitoring system according to claim 14, a contact tracking system according to claim 21 and a method according to claim 27.
  • the object of the invention consists in particular in providing a generic device with advantageous properties with regard to determining a distance, preferably in combination with the lowest possible costs and/or in combination with the lowest possible energy consumption.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claims 1, 13, 14, 21 and 27, while advantageous configurations and developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
  • a distance determination system in particular a distance monitoring system, preferably a unidirectional distance monitoring system, with at least one first monitoring unit and with at least one second monitoring unit, wherein at least the first monitoring unit, preferably each monitoring unit of the distance determination system, has a transmitter unit which is intended to transmit a sound signal, in particular an ultrasonic signal and an electromagnetic signal, in particular an electromagnetic high-frequency signal, wherein at least the second monitoring unit, preferably each monitoring unit of the distance determination system, has a receiver unit which is intended to receive the sound signal and the electromagnetic signal, so that based on the Transit time difference between the sound signal received by the receiver unit and the received by the receiver unit and to the received Sc hall signal associated electromagnetic signal, a distance between the first monitoring unit and the second monitoring unit can be determined proposed.
  • the distance determination is advantageously unidirectional.
  • the distance determination is limited to sources that are arranged in a close range of a few meters to one another due to the system.
  • sources of error, sources of interference or the like can advantageously be at least essentially ruled out or at least significantly reduced.
  • a maximum number of recorded sources can be reduced as a result, as a result of which the data processing effort and/or the memory space requirements of the individual devices or an external evaluation system can advantageously be reduced.
  • a “unidirectional distance monitoring system” should be understood to mean a distance monitoring system which is based on exclusively unidirectional communication, ie in particular free of a return channel, between individual devices of the distance monitoring system, in particular between the monitoring units.
  • each monitoring unit forms an individual device of the distance determination system, which preferably functions completely independently and in particular does not use the resources of a host device, such as a smartphone or the like, or the resources of a central control device, such as a hub or the like.
  • the monitoring units are preferably designed differently from a smartphone. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable for the monitoring units to be integrated into a correspondingly modified smartphone.
  • Each monitoring unit preferably comprises at least one (integrated) transmitter unit and at least one (integrated) receiver unit.
  • At least one monitoring unit of the Distance determination system has only a receiver unit and no transmitter unit or only a transmitter unit and no receiver unit.
  • a monitoring unit it is also conceivable for a monitoring unit to be formed from two separate individual devices, with a first individual device having the transmitter unit, for example, and a second individual device which can be combined with the first individual device or has a communication connection with the first individual device and has the receiver unit.
  • the distance determination system preferably comprises more than two monitoring units.
  • the monitoring units are designed at least essentially identical to one another.
  • the transmitter unit comprises at least one sound transmitter module, preferably an ultrasonic transmitter module, which is intended to generate and emit the sound signal, in particular the ultrasonic signal.
  • the sound signal is in the form of an ultrasonic signal.
  • the ultrasound signal has one or more sound frequencies outside, preferably above, preferably just above (near ultrasound) the human auditory surface.
  • the ultrasonic signal preferably has one or more sound frequencies of more than 15 kHz.
  • the ultrasonic signal preferably has one or more sound frequencies below 1 GHz.
  • the sound signal particularly preferably has sound frequencies in the range of approximately 40 kHz.
  • the sound signal has one or more sound frequencies outside the ultrasonic range, for example one or more sound frequencies within the human auditory surface, one or more sound frequencies in the infrasonic range or one or more sound frequencies in the hypersonic range.
  • the receiver unit comprises at least one sound receiver module, preferably a Ultrasonic receiver module, which is intended to receive and characterize/analyze the sound signal, in particular the ultrasonic signal.
  • the sound receiver module is preferably provided to determine a precise reception time at which the sound signal is received.
  • the transmitter unit comprises at least one EM (electromagnetic wave) transmitter module, preferably an HF (high frequency) transmitter module, which is intended to generate and emit the electromagnetic signal, in particular the electromagnetic high-frequency signal.
  • the electromagnetic signal is in the form of an electromagnetic high-frequency signal.
  • the electromagnetic high-frequency signal has one or more frequencies within the frequency band denoted by the term “high frequency”.
  • the radio frequency signal may have one or more frequencies within the shortwave, ultrahighwave, decimetre-wave, centimeter-wave, and/or millimeter-wave ranges.
  • the electromagnetic high-frequency signal preferably has one or more frequencies higher than 9 kHz.
  • the electromagnetic high-frequency signal preferably has one or more frequencies below 0.3 THz.
  • the radio frequency electromagnetic signal has one or more frequencies in ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) bands with general allocation. In this case, the approval effort is advantageously low.
  • the usual frequency ranges from the ISM bands are in particular 434 MHz, 869 MHz and 2.4 GHz.
  • the electromagnetic signal has one or more frequencies outside the frequency band designated by the term "high frequency", for example one or more frequencies in the long wave or medium wave range, one or more frequencies in the infrared light range or one or more frequencies in the range of visible light or beyond.
  • the receiver unit comprises at least one EM receiver module, preferably an HF Receiver module, which is intended to receive and characterize/analyze the electromagnetic signal, in particular the electromagnetic high-frequency signal.
  • the EM receiver module is preferably provided to determine a precise reception time at which the electromagnetic signal is received.
  • the receiver unit is only intended to receive and/or analyze signals from other monitoring units.
  • the receiver unit is not intended to receive and/or analyze a reflected signal by the transmitter unit of the same monitoring unit.
  • a sound signal or a bundle (packet) of ultrasonic signals together with an electromagnetic signal or a bundle (packet) of electromagnetic signals form a pair of signals that belong together.
  • the transit time difference between the signals or signal bundles (signal packets) of the signal pairs that belong together is preferably determined. In particular, to determine the distance between the monitoring units, the transit time difference is multiplied by the signal speed of the sound signal. If necessary, a temporal relationship between the electromagnetic signal and the sound signal within a signal pair must be taken into account when calculating the transit time difference.
  • the sound signal and the electromagnetic signal of a signal pair are preferably transmitted at least essentially at the same time by the respective transmitter unit.
  • the transmitter unit transmits a pair of signals at regular and/or irregular intervals (e.g. every second or every ten seconds).
  • Provided should be understood to mean, in particular, specially programmed, specially designed and/or specially equipped.
  • the fact that an object is provided for a specific function is to be understood in particular to mean that the object fulfills and/or executes this specific function in at least one application and/or operating state.
  • the sound signal emitted by the transmitter unit and the electromagnetic signal emitted by the transmitter unit each include an identifier that can be clearly assigned to the respective transmitter unit, in particular a common identifier.
  • a particularly reliable distance determination can advantageously be made possible. This can advantageously ensure that the received signals come from the same source.
  • the identifier is preferably integrated into the sound signal also used to determine the distance and/or into the electromagnetic signal also used to determine the distance (for example by frequency, phase, pulse and/or amplitude modulation). Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable for the identifier to be appended to the sound signal and/or the electromagnetic signal in a separate signal. In particular, each identifier is assigned uniquely to a specific monitoring unit, in particular to a specific transmitter unit.
  • the identifier is read out and/or the identifier is assigned to a monitoring unit already on the monitoring unit that receives the signals with the identifier, or that the identifier is read out and/or the identifier is assigned in a downstream (external ) Analysis of the data received by the monitoring unit in a period of time takes place.
  • the sound signal and the electromagnetic signal of a signal pair each have the same identifier or different identifiers that are clearly related to one another (known to the monitoring unit or recognizable by the monitoring unit).
  • signals originating from different monitoring units always have different identifiers.
  • each monitoring unit of the distance determination system comprises a data processing unit which is at least provided for determining the distance between the first To determine monitoring unit and the second monitoring unit.
  • a "data processing unit” is to be understood in particular as a unit with a processor unit, preferably a processor and with a memory unit, preferably a memory module (ROM, RAM and/or a non-volatile memory module), and with an operating program stored in the memory unit.
  • a processor unit preferably a processor and with a memory unit, preferably a memory module (ROM, RAM and/or a non-volatile memory module), and with an operating program stored in the memory unit.
  • the receiver unit comprises the sound receiver module, in particular the ultrasonic receiver module, for receiving the sound signals, in particular the ultrasonic signals, preferably from a further monitoring unit, which is intended to at least roughly determine the direction of the received signals.
  • a particularly precise and/or particularly useful, at least roughly direction-resolved, distance determination can advantageously be made possible.
  • a pandemic or the like advantageously an infection risk can be assessed more precisely through a determined contact, especially since direct "face-to-face" contacts in airborne disease transmission paths involve a particularly high risk of infection.
  • a "rough determination of direction" should in particular be an allocation of a source direction in one of two non-overlapping 180° partial areas lying in one plane, in one of three non-overlapping 120° partial areas lying in one plane, in two of four in one coplanar and non-overlapping 90° sections, in three out of six coplanar and non-overlapping 60° sections and/or in four out of eight coplanar and non-overlapping 45° sections.
  • the rough direction determination is at least able to recognize whether a signal is coming directly from the front or from a line of sight of a Wearer of the monitoring unit comes right side or left side.
  • the rough direction determination is at least able to assign the source direction to one of three, preferably one of four, advantageously one of five, preferably one of six and particularly preferably one of eight or more non-overlapping sub-areas Make overall field of view of the receiver unit.
  • the rough direction determination preferably has a direction recognition accuracy within the field of view of the monitoring unit of at least 60°, preferably at least 45°, advantageously at least 30°, preferably at least 20° and particularly preferably at least 10°.
  • the sound receiver module in particular the ultrasound receiver module, has two or more sound receiver elements, in particular ultrasound receiver elements, at least for carrying out the at least rough direction determination.
  • the two or more sound receiver elements are provided to detect the same sound signal from a further monitoring unit.
  • a source direction of the received signal can preferably be determined from a transit time difference, from an amplitude difference and/or from a phase difference of the signal received one after the other by the two or more sound receiver elements.
  • the sound receiver module preferably has at least three sound receiver elements, in particular ultrasonic receiver elements, which are in particular linearly independent of one another.
  • a trilateration of a signal source in addition to determining the direction, a trilateration of a signal source, in particular at least an at least essentially rough trilateration of a signal source, can advantageously be made possible.
  • the possibility of determining the direction and/or trilateration is independent of whether the sound receiver elements are in different main beam directions or are different from one another listen to aligned chief rays.
  • the sound transmitter module has exactly one sound transmitter element. Alternatively, however, more than one sound transmitter element per sound transmitter module are also conceivable.
  • the use of a plurality of sound receiver elements, in particular aligned in different directions advantageously allows an enlargement of an entire reception area.
  • the sound receiver elements are arranged in the monitoring unit in such a way that they listen in different directions relative to one another, preferably in different geometric main beam directions, an even more precise direction determination can advantageously be made possible.
  • a field of view of the sound receiver module can advantageously be enlarged.
  • the sound receiver unit has a field of view of at least 90°, preferably at least 120°, advantageously at least 140°, preferably at least 160° and particularly preferably at least 180°.
  • the field of view is less than 360°, preferably less than 270°, preferably less than 210° and particularly preferably at most 180°.
  • infection risk contact monitoring in particular can be improved, especially since direct “face-to-face” contacts in airborne disease transmission pathways involve a particularly high risk of infection.
  • fields of view of 360° or almost 360° are also conceivable.
  • advantageous space monitoring can be made possible.
  • fields of view of individual sound receiver elements can overlap.
  • the sound transmitter elements can emit in main beam directions that are at least essentially parallel to one another or in main beam directions that differ from one another.
  • the receiver unit has the sound receiver module for receiving the sound signals and an EM receiver module, which is in particular configured separately from the sound receiver module, for receiving the electromagnetic signals
  • Receiver unit has one or more listening operating states and at least one measuring operating state that differs from the listening operating states, wherein in the listening operating states only the sound receiver module or only the EM receiver module is active, and wherein in the measuring operating state the sound receiver module and the EM receiver module are active or the respective currently not active receiver module is switched on at least temporarily to the respective already active receiver module or the respective receiver module active in the listening mode is deactivated and the receiver module which is inactive in the respective listening mode is activated.
  • the receiver unit consumes significantly less energy in the listening mode than in the measuring mode.
  • the respective other receiver module is in particular in a standby mode. For example, if an electromagnetic signal is detected during one of the listening operating states in which only the EM receiver module is active, the system immediately switches to the measuring operating state, which activates the sound receiver module immediately in order to detect the sound signal of a matching signal pair that follows the electromagnetic signal enable.
  • the EM receiver module is deactivated at least temporarily (eg for a predetermined time interval and/or until the associated sound signal has been detected) when switching from the listening mode to the measuring mode.
  • the EM receiver module is deactivated at least temporarily (eg for a predetermined time interval and/or until the associated sound signal has been detected) when switching from the listening mode to the measuring mode.
  • the measuring mode is only activated when a source is in the reception range of the receiver unit with the lower reception range, i.e. in most cases in the reception range of the sound receiver unit.
  • This can advantageously prevent the measurement operating state from being activated, which increases energy consumption, when a source is still so far away from the receiver unit that the sound signal required for distance measurement is not yet detectable.
  • Switching between the first eavesdropping operating state and the second eavesdropping operating state preferably takes place dynamically, depending on the given situation, in particular by a control and/or regulating unit of the monitoring unit.
  • control and/or regulation unit is to be understood in particular as a unit with at least one electronic control system.
  • Control electronics is to be understood in particular as a unit with a processor unit, preferably a processor and with a memory unit, preferably a memory module, and with an operating program stored in the memory unit.
  • the data processing unit and the open-loop and/or closed-loop control unit can be formed at least partially in one piece with one another or even as a common computing system.
  • two units are designed “partially in one piece” is to be understood in particular to mean that the units have at least one, in particular at least two, advantageously at least three common elements that are a component, in particular a functionally important component, of both units.
  • the first eavesdropping operating state or only the second eavesdropping operating state is implemented in a monitoring unit.
  • a third listening mode only the EM receiver module of the receiver unit is active and the EM receiver module is used to roughly determine the presence of another monitoring unit in a reception range of the EM receiver module.
  • the measuring mode is only activated if the electromagnetic signal received by the EM receiver module, in particular a signal strength of the received electromagnetic signal, indicates that the further monitoring unit is in a close range of the monitoring unit and thus within the reception range of the sound receiver module receiver unit is located.
  • energy consumption can advantageously be optimized.
  • a different accuracy of the distance measurement in different Distance ranges are obtained.
  • the far range includes in particular a range of all points within a reception range of the EM reception module which are at least several meters, preferably at least 5 m, preferably at least 10 m and particularly preferably 20 m away from the monitoring unit.
  • the close range includes in particular a range of all points within the reception range of the EM reception module which are at most a few meters, preferably at most 3 m, preferably at most 2 m and particularly preferably at most 1 m away from the monitoring unit.
  • the third eavesdropping mode can also be used to set up a vehicle convoy of vehicles that are equipped with the monitoring units.
  • a convoy is built up with the electromagnetic signal over greater distances (outside the range of the sound signal, especially in the long range) with a rough accuracy in the (distance) measurement and in a second step, especially when the vehicles come close enough, ie in particular within the range of the sound signals (close range), enabling precise guidance of the column participants by switching on the sound signal.
  • each monitoring unit of the distance determination system has a control and/or regulating unit, which is provided for the purpose of switching the receiver unit from the listening operating state when a signal is detected by the receiver module that is active in the currently set listening operating state to switch to the measuring mode.
  • a control and/or regulating unit which is provided for the purpose of switching the receiver unit from the listening operating state when a signal is detected by the receiver module that is active in the currently set listening operating state to switch to the measuring mode.
  • the control and/or regulation unit in a listening mode in which only the EM receiver module is active, depending on a limit signal strength of the received electromagnetic signal, in particular when a predefined or specifiable limit signal strength of the received electromagnetic signal is exceeded, the automated energy saving function can advantageously be further improved. In particular, this procedure corresponds to a rough initial distance determination by the electromagnetic signal. If, on the other hand, the sound receiver module is active in the listening mode, for example, a switch is made to the measuring mode each time a sound signal is detected.
  • the transmitter unit is provided to transmit at least one piece of additional information, other than an identifier, about the associated monitoring unit and/or about an external unit to which the respective monitoring unit is assigned, together with the electromagnetic signal, a large number of be made possible by additional interaction options between monitoring units.
  • the external unit eg a vehicle
  • the external unit could eg a vehicle such as a truck, an agricultural vehicle, or an emergency vehicle (police, fire, military, etc.).
  • the additional information can, for example, be contained/coded in the electromagnetic signals sent out by the monitoring units to determine the distance, or can be transmitted via a separate further electromagnetic signal.
  • the additional information also includes at least one movement parameter of the associated monitoring unit and/or the external unit to which the respective monitoring unit is assigned
  • a coordination of movements of neighboring external units communicating by means of the monitoring units can advantageously be achieved.
  • a journey of several vehicles in a closed convoy driving in convoy/mobile march
  • this allows the distances between the vehicles within the closed convoy to be kept low, so that energy savings and/or an increase in efficiency can be achieved by reducing the overall air resistance of the individual vehicles in the convoy.
  • trucks equipped with the monitoring units can form groups on freeways or the like and drive one behind the other at a short distance (autonomously controlled).
  • the movement parameter is a speed, e.g. a driven speed of the external system to which the monitoring unit is assigned, an acceleration, e.g. initiated braking or an increase in speed of the external system to which the monitoring unit is assigned, as a change in direction, e.g. an initiated steering movement of the external system to which the monitoring unit is assigned, or the like.
  • a monitoring unit is mounted on the front and on the rear of a truck, with the front monitoring unit monitoring another one driving in front of it truck, in particular the additional monitoring unit mounted on the rear of the truck driving in front, and receives the distance and the movement parameters of the truck driving in front of it via the signals sent out by the additional monitoring unit, so that the truck can be advantageously controlled based on the data received .
  • the distance determination system in connection with the control of journeys by vehicles in a closed formation, forms a primary system that controls convoy travel or a secondary system that complementarily supports another primary system that is based on a different technology and controls convoy travel. If the distance determination system is used as a secondary system, a second technological path, which is based on a technology different from the primary system (e.g. a directly coupled radio contact between two vehicles), can advantageously be created, which advantageously reduces the probability of failure or a malfunction of the overall system monitoring the convoy journey can be reduced.
  • a technology different from the primary system e.g. a directly coupled radio contact between two vehicles
  • the monitoring unit for the distance determination system having the transmitter unit and the receiver unit, is proposed. As a result, a reliable and precise distance determination can advantageously be made possible.
  • a contact monitoring system is used at least to monitor compliance with specified distances, preferably minimum distances, for example to avoid infections and/or to avoid contact with dangerous goods, e.g. with a radiation source, etc. and/or to avoid contact with a machine. e.g. with a handling robot/industrial robot, etc., and/or maximum distances, for example, to maintain an optimal convoy distance in road traffic and/or to monitor children, objects, etc., with the distance determination system.
  • the contact monitoring system particularly when using ultrasound signals, the contact monitoring system only detects contacts in the case of direct or almost direct line of sight (the ultrasound signals do not penetrate the body and are therefore only emitted in the direction of vision), which means that contact monitoring is advantageously concentrated on contacts with a particularly high risk can be.
  • the contact monitoring system does not incorrectly detect contacts where the persons opposite or the dangerous goods are separated by a wall or pane (e.g. a Plexiglas wall, etc.), especially since the ultrasonic signals cannot penetrate the wall or pane.
  • a "protected" contact can still be registered, for example in the exemplary case with the Plexiglas wall, by detecting the almost unattenuated electromagnetic signal in the absence of a sound signal.
  • possible areas of application of the contact monitoring system include at least the following target groups: a) visitors, employees and/or residents of old people's homes and/or nursing homes, where infections can have the greatest impact; b) customers and/or staff in supermarkets and/or shops; c) children and/or teachers/educators in schools and/or kindergartens; d) visitors and/or participants in cultural and/or sporting events; e) production workers; f) Employees and/or visitors in public facilities and/or authorities g) Workers in hazardous areas.
  • each vehicle advantageously knows the identities, the distances and/or the movement parameters of the vehicle immediately in front of it Vehicle driving first further vehicle and/or the second further vehicle driving directly behind the vehicle.
  • At least the second monitoring unit preferably each monitoring unit of the distance determination system, has an alarm device or is connected to an external alarm device for data transmission, with the alarm device being provided for the purpose of alerting when the distance to the first monitoring unit falls below a specifiable minimum and/or when a Exceeding a predetermined maximum distance to the first monitoring unit to issue an alarm signal.
  • the alarm device is integrated into the monitoring unit or at least connected to the monitoring unit in terms of data transmission.
  • the alarm device is provided to output an alarm signal when a predefinable minimum distance from the first monitoring unit is exceeded and/or when a predefinable maximum distance from the first monitoring unit is undershot.
  • the alarm device is a visual signal generator (e.g. an LED), an acoustic signal generator (e.g. a loudspeaker, a buzzer or a siren) and/or a mechanical signal generator, such as a Vibration signal transmitter, includes, a particularly effective and / or particularly perceptible alarm can be made possible advantageously.
  • a signal strength output by the alarm device for example a luminosity, a volume and/or a vibration strength, becomes stronger or weaker depending on the distance determined by the contact monitoring system.
  • At least the second monitoring unit has a control and/or regulating unit, which is provided for this purpose, based on the measured minimum distance, based on the measured maximum distance and/or based on a received together with the electromagnetic signal and from a Identifier various other information about the first monitoring unit and / or via an external unit, which is assigned to the first monitoring unit to output a control signal to one of the second monitoring unit associated further external unit.
  • a control and/or regulating unit which is provided for this purpose, based on the measured minimum distance, based on the measured maximum distance and/or based on a received together with the electromagnetic signal and from a Identifier various other information about the first monitoring unit and / or via an external unit, which is assigned to the first monitoring unit to output a control signal to one of the second monitoring unit associated further external unit.
  • the monitoring unit is connected to a control unit of the further external unit in terms of data transmission technology, e.g. for the transmission of the control signal.
  • the control unit of the additional external unit performs at least part of the data evaluation itself, e.g. receives raw data from the monitoring unit.
  • the speed is at least temporarily reduced.
  • the further external unit (the vehicle driving behind Vehicle) made an at least temporary increase in speed.
  • a change in a movement parameter of the external unit is detected, a corresponding control of the further external unit (the vehicle driving behind) is initiated, which maintains the minimum distance and the maximum distance. For example, an identical change in the movement parameter of the further external unit is generated/initiated for this purpose.
  • the contact monitoring system has a grouping function, which is intended to make activation of the alarm device dependent on a received identifier, which is contained in a signal pair comprising a sound signal and an electromagnetic signal and which is unique to a further monitoring unit, which is classified with the second monitoring unit in a common group.
  • a warning behavior and/or contact monitoring limited to different groups of people or the like can advantageously be fine-tuned.
  • the alarm device is only activated if contact with a source is detected which has an identifier that is unknown to the respective monitoring unit or has an identifier that is not assigned to the common group in the monitoring unit.
  • the alarm device is not activated when the grouping function is used if contact with a source is detected which has an identifier that is known to the respective monitoring unit or has an identifier that is assigned to the common group in the monitoring unit.
  • the grouping information for executing the grouping function can be stored on the memory module of the data processing unit or the open-loop and/or closed-loop control unit or on a separate memory module.
  • the data processing unit or the Control and/or regulating unit provided for carrying out and/or executing the grouping function.
  • it is conceivable that even the implementation of the distance determination is made dependent on the grouping. Received signals with known identifiers are completely ignored.
  • the monitoring units each have a fastening device for fastening the monitoring unit to an external unit, for example to a part of the body or on the outside of a piece of clothing or on the outside of a vehicle.
  • the fastening device comprises eyelets for fastening a carrying strap, a neck strap or a carrying harness.
  • the monitoring unit is intended to be attached to an outside of a body and/or clothing.
  • the monitoring unit is attached to a person in such a way that at least the sound transmitter unit and the sound receiver unit remain uncovered by clothing or body parts.
  • the monitoring unit is attached in a chest area, in a crotch area, in an abdominal area or in a head area (e.g. on a helmet/cap) of a person. If the monitoring unit is arranged on the outside of a vehicle, the monitoring unit can also be integrated in a part, in particular an outer paneling part, of the vehicle, for example in a bumper.
  • the monitoring units each additionally have an ultra-broadband localization device, in particular for an omnidirectional determination of distance and direction to other monitoring units.
  • This can advantageously a mutual Localization of monitoring units are much more precise.
  • a localization can advantageously be expanded beyond the detection of direct face-to-face contacts.
  • protected face-to-face contacts in which, for example, a plexiglass pane or similar is arranged between the respective persons (cf. supermarket) can also be reliably recognized and classified.
  • An “ultra-wideband localization device” is to be understood in particular as a device emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves, in particular wave packets, with the emitted and/or received electromagnetic waves, in particular the emitted and/or received wave packets, having a particularly large bandwidth, preferably a bandwidth of more than 500 MHz.
  • the wave packets emitted and/or received by the ultra-wideband localization device include a multiplicity of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies, which preferably have a fixed phase relationship to one another.
  • Localization device provided to a "two-way ranging (TWR)" - localization method, a “time-difference of arrival (TDoA)” - localization method, an “angle-of-arrival (AOA)” - localization method, a “received signal strength (RSS)” localization method, a “phase-difference-of-arrival (PDoA)” localization method or a combination of at least two of the aforementioned localization methods.
  • TWR two-way ranging
  • ToA time-difference of arrival
  • AOA angle-of-arrival
  • RSS received signal strength
  • PoA phase-difference-of-arrival
  • the contact monitoring system has at least two mobile monitoring units, for example each assigned to persons, each having the transmitter unit and the receiver unit.
  • the monitoring units of the contact monitoring system are assigned to mobile “units” other than people, ie for example robots, vehicles or animals.
  • the first monitoring unit of the two mobile monitoring units be arranged on a front side of a first vehicle belonging to a column/a closed vehicle formation and that the second monitoring unit of the two mobile monitoring units be arranged on a rear side of a vehicle also belonging to the column/the closed vehicle formation. Association associated and arranged directly in front of the first vehicle in the column / the closed vehicle association lined up second vehicle.
  • an at least partially automated, preferably fully automated, coordination of movements of adjacent external units communicating by means of the monitoring units can advantageously be achieved.
  • a journey of several vehicles in the closed convoy can be advantageously controlled in this way.
  • the procession/the closed convoy has a plurality of other vehicles in addition to the first vehicle and the second vehicle.
  • a contact tracing system is proposed, at least for tracing back contacts, in particular chains of infection and/or convoy journeys, with the distance determination system or with the contact monitoring system.
  • an effective and precise subsequent tracing of contacts can advantageously be made possible if necessary, for example after subsequent confirmation of an infection or contamination of a person in a group of people.
  • a journey of several vehicles in the closed convoy/convoy can be advantageously controlled in this way.
  • each monitoring unit of the distance determination system includes a memory module which is intended to record received signals for later analysis.
  • the memory module as the memory module of Data processing unit or be designed as the memory module of the control and / or regulation unit or as a separate memory module of the monitoring unit.
  • each monitoring unit of the distance determination system is provided at least for the purpose of recording a time when a signal was received, a signal strength of a signal received, a distance from a further monitoring unit determined from received signals, a duration when a minimum distance or a maximum distance was exceeded/not reached.
  • the second monitoring unit preferably each monitoring unit, has a wireless or wired readout interface for reading out the data stored in the memory module.
  • the wireless readout interface can be designed, for example, as an NFC interface, as a Bluetooth interface or as a WLAN interface.
  • the readout interface can be designed as an inductive data interface, which is intended in particular to transmit data via an inductive energy transmission signal, for example by modulating the energy transmission signal emitted by a charging station or by modulating a load or the like picked up by the monitoring unit.
  • the wired interface can, for example, be a USB Interface, as a serial interface, as a memory card interface, etc. be designed.
  • a contact tracing system comprising at least one mobile monitoring unit, for example assigned to a person, with the transmitter unit and the receiver unit and comprising at least one stationary further monitoring unit, in particular permanently installed in an area accessible to people, for example a room in a building, is also included the transmitter unit and with the receiver unit.
  • the contact tracing system could only have mobile monitoring units.
  • the contact monitoring system could also have a memory unit.
  • stationary monitoring units it may be sufficient for the sake of simplicity to only read out the mobile monitoring units or to store the data only on the mobile monitoring units. For example, at the beginning of an event or a visit to a venue (e.g.
  • the monitoring units are issued to participants and collected again after the end of the event or when leaving the venue.
  • the memory modules of the monitoring units are read out, so that the contacts, in particular the risk contacts, of the participating persons with other participating persons can be determined afterwards (externally) if necessary.
  • a stationary monitoring unit can preferably be added to the contact tracing system in order to (additionally) carry out an evaluation of the people who were in a room/at a location in a specific period of time.
  • adding a stationary monitoring unit to the contact tracking system can be used to evaluate a movement profile of a person at a location (ie, for example, tracking the rooms in which the person stayed for how long, or to track which sources of danger within an environment the person approached when and for how long, etc.).
  • the contact tracing system has a plurality of stationary monitoring units assigned to a common space, the monitoring units being arranged in the common space in such a way that each point of the common space is always within range of the transmitter units of at least two, preferably at least three, stationary monitoring units, so that a bilateration of a position of the at least one mobile monitoring unit moving in the room is made possible (with three stationary monitoring units, a trilateration of the position of the at least one mobile monitoring unit moving in the room is then made possible), an additional position determination and/or an additional Movement profile recording of the mobile surveillance unit are made possible.
  • the stationary monitoring units are arranged in the monitored room/area in such a way that at least one of the two circle intersections is always outside of the room/area to be monitored for at least the majority of all possible distance circles of the bilateration.
  • the mobile monitoring units it is necessary for the mobile monitoring units to be arranged at approximately the same height as the stationary monitoring units (e.g. at chest height).
  • a method for distance determination, in particular for distance monitoring, preferably for unilateral distance monitoring, using the distance determination system, for contact monitoring using the contact monitoring system and/or for contact tracing using the contact tracing system is proposed.
  • the travel time difference between the sound signal, in particular the ultrasonic signal, and the electromagnetic signal, in particular electromagnetic high-frequency signal, which is preferably emitted from almost the same place as the sound signal, is determined, and if subsequently in a further method step of the method for determining the distance, a distance value between a transmission point for the two signals and a receiving point for the two signals is determined on the basis of the difference in transit time, a particularly reliable and/or precise determination of the distance, in particular between two monitoring units of the distance monitoring system, can advantageously be made possible.
  • distance values and/or contact durations determined by means of the distance determination system preferably by means of the contact tracking system, relative to at least one further monitoring unit, in particular durations of exceeding or falling below the minimum distance or the maximum distance, preferably convoy travel times, preferably depending on the area of application of the distance determination system, in particular of the contact tracking system, to calculate a resulting risk of infection or to calculate a resulting (economic) slipstream advantage.
  • a particularly advantageous application of the recorded data can be achieved.
  • reliable protection against infection can advantageously be achieved, and on the other hand, a high degree of economic efficiency of convoy journeys can advantageously be achieved.
  • the contact tracing system is intended to store data on a position of vehicles within a platoon and/or data on the identities of platoon participants.
  • the identifiers of all convoy participants are at least one lead vehicle Column, preferably to all column participants, transmitted, preferably by the monitoring units by means of the electromagnetic signal or by means of another signal independent of the distance determination.
  • the economic slipstream advantage arises for everyone behind you
  • Leading vehicle of the convoy following vehicles at suitable distances for example due to reduced energy costs, such as fuel costs, or due to reduced vehicle wear.
  • At least one vehicle driving in a convoy in particular the foremost vehicle in the convoy, sends a message based on the calculation of the (economic) slipstream advantage which has arisen from at least one other vehicle in the convoy driving behind the vehicle, in particular a request for payment, is created and this is preferably transmitted to the at least one other vehicle in the column. Since the proposed method makes it known exactly who was in the convoy when, for how long and at what distance relative to other participants, the economic advantage/economic disadvantage of individual participation in the network traffic can be calculated exactly and subsequently ( e.g. economically compensated fairly by payments). This can advantageously generate a particularly high level of willingness to participate and/or to lead convoys.
  • the proposed method makes it possible and also economically attractive for convoys to form independently if appropriately equipped vehicles are available.
  • a particularly fair distribution of loads within a column can thereby be advantageously achieved.
  • the driver of the leading vehicle bears a particularly high level of responsibility and thus experiences a greater workload than the drivers of the following vehicles.
  • the driver of the lead vehicle can advantageously be rewarded for this additional effort by the unburdened drivers of the other vehicles in the column.
  • the column data it is also conceivable for the column data to be transmitted to or from a central accounting office be read out afterwards by a central billing office.
  • convoy participants who do not pay at the end will be rejected the next time they try to join a convoy (e.g. because no more cooperative signals are transmitted).
  • the distance determination system according to the invention, the monitoring unit according to the invention, the contact monitoring system according to the invention, the contact tracing system according to the invention and the method according to the invention should not be limited to the application and embodiment described above.
  • the distance determination system according to the invention, the monitoring unit according to the invention, the contact monitoring system according to the invention, the contact tracing system according to the invention and the method according to the invention can have a number of individual elements, components, method steps and units that differs from a number specified here in order to fulfill a functionality described herein.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a contact monitoring system and a contact tracking system, each with a distance determination system
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic front view of a monitoring unit of the distance determination system
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the monitoring unit
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic exploded view of
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of the contact tracing system
  • FIGS. 7a-c show a schematic exemplary sequence of an alarm process by the contact monitoring system
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of an alternative contact monitoring system and an alternative contact tracing system, each with an alternative distance determination system and
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for contact tracing using the contact tracing system within vehicle columns.
  • the contact monitoring system 40a is provided for monitoring compliance with specified minimum distances 46a (eg 1.5 m or 2 m). In the case shown as an example, the contact monitoring system 40a is provided to prevent infections. Alternatively, however, the contact monitoring system 40a could also be provided for other tasks, eg to avoid contact with dangerous goods or to avoid contact with dangerous devices/machines.
  • the contact monitoring system 40a shown in FIG. 1 also forms a contact tracking system 56a at the same time.
  • the contact tracing system 56a is provided for tracing back contacts, for example chains of infection. Alternatively it can However, contact tracking system 56a can also be provided for tracking contacts with sources of danger, for example sources of radioactive radiation.
  • the contact monitoring system 40a and the contact tracking system 56a have a distance determination system 38a.
  • the distance determination system 38a forms a unidirectional distance monitoring system.
  • the distance determination system 38a includes a first monitoring unit 10a.
  • the first monitoring unit 10a is assigned to a first person in the example in FIG. 1 .
  • the distance determination system 38a includes a second monitoring unit 12a.
  • the second monitoring unit 12a is assigned to a first person in the example in FIG. 1 .
  • the persons carry the monitoring units 10a, 12a uncovered in front of their chests.
  • the monitoring units 10a, 12a each have a transmitter unit 14a (cf. FIG. 2).
  • the transmitter unit 14a is provided for emitting a sound signal 16a.
  • the sound signal 16a is in the form of an ultrasonic signal.
  • the ultrasonic signal has a maximum range 70a.
  • the maximum range 70a is less than 10 m.
  • the transmitter unit 14a is provided for emitting an electromagnetic signal 18a.
  • the electromagnetic signal 18a is in the form of an electromagnetic high-frequency signal.
  • a maximum range of the electromagnetic high-frequency signal is far above 10 m.
  • the transmitter unit 14a is provided to emit an associated signal pair 68a consisting of the emitted sound signal 16a and the emitted electromagnetic signal 18a.
  • the monitoring units 10a, 12a each have a receiver unit 20a (cf. FIG. 2).
  • the receiver unit 20a is provided for receiving the sound signal 16a.
  • the receiver unit 20a is provided for receiving the electromagnetic signal 18a.
  • the receiver unit 20a is intended to identify a pair of signals 68a that belong together and consist of the received sound signal 16a and the received electromagnetic signal 18a.
  • a distance 22a between the first monitoring unit 10a and the second monitoring unit 12a (ie between the first person and the second person) can be determined on the basis of a propagation time difference between the signals 16a, 18a forming the identified signal pair 68a.
  • the distance 22a between the first monitoring unit 10a and the second monitoring unit 12a that can be determined by the distance determination system 38a has an accuracy of at least 5 cm.
  • the contact monitoring system 40a shown as an example in FIG. 1 comprises two mobile monitoring units 10a, 12a, each assigned to persons, which each have a transmitter unit 14a and a receiver unit 20a.
  • the contact monitoring system 40a can have any number of additional monitoring units 10a, 12a.
  • the monitoring units 10a, 12a of the contact monitoring system 40a are essentially identical to one another, apart from an identifier that is uniquely assigned to only one of the monitoring units 10a, 12a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a includes a data processing unit 24a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a includes a control and/or regulating unit 36a.
  • the data processing unit 24a also forms the open-loop and/or closed-loop control unit 36a.
  • the data processing unit 24a includes electronics and/or an operating program which is intended to determine the transit time difference between the signals 16a, 18a associated with a signal pair 68a from the signals 16a, 18a received by the receiver unit 20a.
  • the Data processing unit 24a is provided to determine the distance 22a between the transmitting monitoring unit 10a, 12a and the receiving monitoring unit 10a, 12a from the transit time difference between the sound signals 16a and electromagnetic signals 18a received by the receiver unit 20a and emitted by another monitoring unit 10a, 12a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has a memory module 58a.
  • the storage module 58a is intended to store and/or record the received signals 16a, 18a for later analysis, for example for a subsequent determination of distances 22a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a is provided to store a time of signal reception in the memory module 58a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a is intended to store a signal strength of a signal reception in the memory module 58a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a is provided to store an uncovered distance 22a from received signals 16a, 18a determined by the data processing unit 24a from a further monitoring unit 10a, 12a in the memory module 58a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a is provided to store the duration of exceeding/falling below the minimum distance 46a in the memory module 58a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a is intended to store a number of times the minimum distance 46a has been exceeded/exceeded in the memory module 58a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a is provided to store an identifier associated with a further monitoring unit 10a, 12a emitting the received signal 16a, 18a in the memory module 58a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has a readout interface 60a for reading out the data stored in the memory module 58a.
  • the readout interface 60a is designed as a wired interface.
  • the readout interface 60a is designed as a universal serial Bus (USB) interface designed.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a can have a wireless readout interface.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has a housing unit 74a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has the transmitter unit 14a.
  • the transmitter unit 14a includes a sound transmitter module 72a.
  • the sound transmitter module 72a is arranged at least for the most part within the housing unit 74a.
  • the sound transmitter module 72a is intended to emit the sound signal 16a.
  • the sound transmitter module 72a comprises at least one sound transmitter element 80a, which is intended to generate and emit the sound signal 16a.
  • a main beam direction 92a (cf. FIG. 3) of the sound transmitter module 72a is aligned perpendicularly pointing away from the front side 76a of the housing unit 74a.
  • the transmitter unit 14a includes an EM transmitter module 78a.
  • the EM transmitter module 78a is arranged at least for the most part within the housing unit 74a.
  • the EM transmitter module 78a is intended to emit the electromagnetic signal 18a.
  • the EM transmitter module 78a includes at least one EM transmitter element 82a which is intended to generate and emit the electromagnetic signal 18a.
  • a main beam direction 94a (cf. FIG. 3) of the EM transmitter module 78a is aligned perpendicularly pointing away from the front side 76a of the housing unit 74a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has the receiver unit 20a.
  • the receiver unit 20a has a sound receiver module 26a.
  • the sound receiver module 26a is provided for receiving a sound signal 16a, in particular a sound signal 16a emitted by a further monitoring unit 10a, 12a.
  • the sound receiver module 26a is arranged at least for the most part within the housing unit 74a.
  • the sound receiver module 26a has three sound receiver elements 28a, 30a, 32a.
  • the sound receiver elements 28a, 30a, 32a are arranged at least for the most part within the housing unit 74a.
  • the sound receiving elements 28a, 30a, 32a are as from each other independent, in particular linearly independent, sound sensors, in particular ultrasonic sensors.
  • the sound receiver module 26a is provided for at least a rough determination of the direction of the received sound signals 16a.
  • the sound receiver elements 28a, 30a, 32a are provided for carrying out the at least rough direction determination.
  • the sound receiver elements 28a, 30a, 32a are arranged in the monitoring unit 10a, 12a, in particular within the housing unit 74a, in such a way that they listen in different directions relative to one another.
  • a first sound receiver element 28a is arranged on the front side 76a of the monitoring unit 10a, 12a.
  • a main reception direction 96a (cf. FIG. 3) of the first sound receiver element 28a is aligned perpendicularly pointing away from a front side 76a of the housing unit 74a.
  • a second sound receiver element 30a is arranged on a right-hand side 84a (seen in plan view of the front side 76a) of the monitoring unit 10a, 12a.
  • the right side 84a of the monitoring unit 10a, 12a is at an angle 88a (see FIG. 3) to the front 76a of the monitoring unit 10a, 12a.
  • the angle 88a is less than 90°.
  • the angle 88a is more than 25°.
  • the angle 88a is approximately 60°.
  • a main reception direction 98a (cf. FIG. 3) of the second sound receiver element 30a is aligned perpendicularly pointing away from the right-hand side 84a of the housing unit 74a.
  • the main reception direction 98a of the second sound receiver element 30a is angled at the angle 88a to the main reception direction 96a of the first sound receiver element 28a.
  • a third sound receiver element 32a is arranged on a left-hand side 86a (seen in plan view of the front side 76a) of the monitoring unit 10a, 12a.
  • the left side 86a of the monitoring unit 10a, 12a is arranged at an angle 90a (see FIG. 3) to the front side 76a of the monitoring unit 10a, 12a.
  • the angles 88a, 90a of the right side 84a and the left side 86a are of the same size, but have a different sense of rotation.
  • a main reception direction 100a (see FIG.
  • the third Sound receiver element 32a is oriented perpendicularly away from left side 86a of housing unit 74a.
  • the main reception direction 100a of the third sound receiver element 32a is angled at the angle 90a to the main reception direction 96a of the first sound receiver element 28a.
  • Receiver unit 20a includes an EM receiver module 34a.
  • the EM receiver module 34a is provided for receiving an electromagnetic signal 18a, in particular an electromagnetic signal 18a emitted by a further monitoring unit 10a, 12a.
  • the EM receiver module 34a is arranged at least for the most part within the housing unit 74a.
  • the EM receiver module 34a has an EM receiver element 102a in the example shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the EM receiver element 102a is arranged at least for the most part within the housing unit 74a.
  • the receiver unit 20a has a first listening mode. In the first listening mode, only the receiver module 26a, 34a of the receiver modules 26a, 34a of the receiver unit 20a is active, the energy consumption of which is lower. In the first listening mode, the EM receiver module 34a is active (provided its power consumption is less than that of the sound receiver module 26a). In the first listening mode, the sound receiver module 26a is inactive and is preferably in a standby mode.
  • the receiver unit 20a has a second listening mode. In the second listening mode, only the receiver module 26a, 34a of the receiver modules 26a, 34a of the receiver unit 20a is active, the reception range of which is lower.
  • the sound receiver module 26a is active (provided that its reception range is less than that of the EM receiver module 34a).
  • the EM receiver module 34a is inactive and is preferably in a standby mode.
  • Other eavesdropping operating states are conceivable.
  • the receiver unit 20a is in a measurement mode.
  • the measurement mode is different from the listening mode.
  • the sound receiver module 26a and the EM receiver module 34a are active.
  • the control and/or regulating unit 36a of the monitoring unit 10a, 12a is provided to switch the receiver unit 20a from the respective listening operating state to the measuring operating state when a signal 16a, 18a is detected by the receiver module 26a, 34a that is active in the currently set listening operating state .
  • control and/or regulation unit 36a is provided to, in a listening mode in which only EM receiver module 34a is active, for example in the first listening mode, depending on a limit signal strength determined during the first Listening mode received electromagnetic signals 18a, the receiver unit 20a switch from the listening mode to the measuring mode. As long as the field strengths of the electromagnetic signals 18a received during the first listening mode are below the limit field strength, the control and/or regulating unit 36a does not switch from the listening mode to the measuring mode. However, as soon as the field strength of at least one electromagnetic signal 18a received during the first listening mode is above the limit field strength, a Switching from the listening mode to the measuring mode by the control and/or regulation unit 36a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has a fastening device 54a.
  • the fastening device 54a is provided for fastening the monitoring unit 10a, 12a to a part of the body or to the outside of a piece of clothing.
  • the fastening device 54a is provided as an eyelet for receiving a strap, for example a collar.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has an ultra-wideband localization device 156a.
  • the ultra wideband locator 156a includes an ultra wideband transmitter and an ultra wideband receiver.
  • the ultra-wideband localization device 156a operates in a frequency range between 100 MHz and 6 GHz with a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz, preferably at least 1 GHz, preferably at least 2 GHz, more preferably at least 4 GHz and particularly preferably at least 5.5 GHz, and/ or in a frequency range between 6 GHz and 8.5 GHz with a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz, preferably at least 1 GHz, preferably at least 1.5 GHz, more preferably at least 2 GHz and particularly preferably at least 2.5 GHz.
  • interference in particular mutual interference, from other radio sources, such as LoRa, 5G or WLAN (in particular 802.11 p), can advantageously be avoided.
  • a particularly high spatial resolution can advantageously be achieved, in particular due to the high bandwidth of the frequency range between 6 GHz and 8.5 GHz.
  • no radio licenses are advantageously required for these frequency ranges, particularly if a transmission power is in a range of -41.3 dbm/MHz.
  • the transmission power of the ultra wideband sensor is preferably -41.3 dbm/MHz or below.
  • the frequency band between 100 MHz and 6 GHz and/or the frequency band between 6 GHz and 8.5 GHz is provided at least for a distance measurement and/or at least for a direction measurement.
  • the ultra-wideband locator 156a is particular intended to carry out contact monitoring/distance monitoring to other monitoring units 10a, 12a which are outside of fields of view 104a, 106a, 108a and/or outside of ranges of the sound receiver elements 28a, 30a, 32a and/or which are located after contact has been established by means of the sound signals 16a from the fields of view 104a, 106a, 108a and/or from the ranges of the sound receiver elements 28a, 30a, 32a and/or which are in a closer environment but have not yet been seen directly by the sound receiver elements 28a, 30a, 32a.
  • the ultra-wideband localization device 156a can be used to obtain precise position information of the further monitoring unit 12a, i.e. a precise position determination in relation to a person to whom the further monitoring unit 12a is assigned, while using the transit time difference between the sound signal 16a and the electromagnetic Signal 18a-based distance determination method is determined whether and / or how long a visual contact or a face-to-face contact with the person who is assigned to the further monitoring unit 12a existed.
  • the ultra-wideband localization device 156a alone is unable to determine whether a boundary, such as a plexiglass pane (in a supermarket or the like), is placed between two people who are face-to-face.
  • a combination of the distance determination method using the ultrasonic signal 16a (the ultrasonic signal 16a is completely shielded by the Plexiglas pane) with the ultra-wideband signal (a UWB -Signal is not shielded by the Plexiglas pane) using localization method particularly advantageous.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic plan view of one of the monitoring units 10a, 12a.
  • FIG. 3 shows the main beam directions 92a, 94a of the transmitter elements 80a, 82a, the main reception directions 96a, 98a, 100a of the receiver elements 28a, 30a, 32a, 102a and exemplary fields of view 104a, 106a, 108a of the sound receiver elements 28a, 30a, 32a .
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic exploded view of one of the monitoring units 10a, 12a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a shown as an example in FIG. 4 is intended for use in the contact monitoring system 40a and for use in the contact tracking system 56a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has an alarm device 42a.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a can be connected to an external alarm device 44a, e.g. a smartphone or a pager, etc.
  • the alarm device 42a, 44a is provided to output an alarm signal when the (predeterminable or predetermined) minimum distance 46a from another monitoring unit 10a is not reached.
  • the alarm device 42a of the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has an optical signal transmitter 48a.
  • the optical signal generator 48a is in the form of a light-emitting diode.
  • the alarm device 42a of the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has an acoustic signal transmitter 50a.
  • the acoustic signal generator 50a is designed as a sound converter that emits frequencies that can be heard by humans.
  • the alarm device 42a of the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has a mechanical signal transmitter 52a.
  • the mechanical signal generator 52a is designed as a vibration signal generator.
  • the contact monitoring system 40a has a grouping function.
  • the grouping function is intended to make activation of the alarm device 42a, 44a dependent on a received identifier, which is contained in the signal pair 68a comprising the sound signal 16a and the electromagnetic signal 18a and which is unique to a further monitoring unit 10a, 12a, the with the second Monitoring unit 12a is grouped into a common group, is assigned.
  • the monitoring unit 10a, 12a has a battery 128a.
  • the battery 128a can be designed as an accumulator.
  • the battery 128a is provided to supply the monitoring unit 10a, 12a with electrical energy.
  • the battery 128a is provided to supply the receiver unit 20a, the transmitter unit 14a, the data processing unit 24a, the memory module 58a and/or the alarm device 42a with electrical energy.
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the contact tracing system 56a, which comprises a mobile monitoring unit 12a assigned to a person and a plurality of stationary additional monitoring units 10'a, 10′′a permanently installed in a room 62a accessible to the person.
  • the mobile monitoring unit 12a registers and saves every contact with every permanently installed monitoring unit 10'a. As a result, entry into the room 62a by the person with the mobile monitoring unit 12a can be recorded.
  • the stationary monitoring units 10'a, 10"a are arranged in the room 62a in such a way that each point in the room 62a is always within range of the transmitter units 14a, in particular the sound transmitter modules 72a, and/or the receiver units 20a, in particular the sound receiver modules 26a at least two of the stationary monitoring units 10'a, 10′′a. This enables bilatation of a position of the mobile monitoring unit 12a moving in the space 62a. As a result, a movement profile of the person can be recorded with the mobile monitoring unit 12a in the room 62a.
  • the stationary monitoring units 10'a, 10′′a have a simpler design than the mobile monitoring units 12a, for example no receiver unit 20a and/or no memory module 58a, since determining the distance on the mobile side has priority in this case.
  • the mobile surveillance unit 12a and the stationary monitoring units 10'a, 10′′a also have at least essentially identical functionalities.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for a (unilateral) distance determination using the distance determination system 38a.
  • the monitoring units 10a, 12a are activated (for example, in the case of an issue to visitors of an event location). After activation, the monitoring units 10a, 12a emit signal pairs 68a. When they are sent, the signal pairs 68a are provided with the identifier of the respective monitoring unit 10a, 12a. After activation, the monitoring units 10a, 12a can be in the first listening mode. After activation, at least the receiver module 26a, 34a that is more economical in terms of energy listens for corresponding signals 16a, 18a.
  • the listening mode can also be dispensed with, so that both receiver modules 26a, 34a are always listening for signals 16a, 18a.
  • a signal 16a, 18a emitted by a further monitoring unit 10a, 12a is detected by the receiver module 26a, 34a that is more economical in terms of energy.
  • the listening mode is deactivated and the measuring mode is activated, so that both receiver modules 26a, 34a are now listening for the signals 16a, 18a.
  • signals 16a, 18a forming signal pairs 68a which are emitted from the same location, in particular from the further monitoring unit 10a, 12a, are detected.
  • a transit time difference between the signal of the signal pair 68a representing a sound signal 16a and the signal of the signal pair 68a representing an electromagnetic signal 18a is determined.
  • the received signals 16a, 18a and/or the evaluated data are stored in the memory module 58a.
  • the alarm device 42a, 44a is activated as a function of the determined distance value.
  • the alarm device 42a, 44a is then activated in method step 120a if the determined distance value is less than the minimum distance 46a. If at a point in time signal pairs 68a can no longer be reliably determined, in at least one further method step 126a the measuring operating state is deactivated and the first listening operating state or the second listening operating state is activated. A selection between the first eavesdropping operating state and the second eavesdropping operating state is made here based on the frequency and/or number of electromagnetic signals 18a which are detected at the current time without the respectively associated sound signal 16a. In at least one further method step 122a, the memory module 58a is read out (for example after the monitoring units 10a, 12a have been collected by the visitors when they leave the event location). In at least one further method step 124a, contact tracking is carried out using the data read out from the monitoring units 10a, 12a.
  • FIGS. 7a to 7c show an example of an alarm process of the contact monitoring system 40a using the distance determination system 38a.
  • the two monitoring units 10a, 12a represented by circles are at a distance 22a from one another, which is greater than the minimum distance 46a. In this case there is no alarm.
  • the second monitoring unit 12a has approached the first monitoring unit 10a to such an extent that the minimum distance 46a is not reached.
  • the first monitoring unit 10a continuously emits sound signals 16a and electromagnetic signals 18a.
  • the electromagnetic signal 18a spreads out much faster than that Sound signal 16a (shown only schematically in FIGS. 7a to 7c).
  • FIG. 7a the two monitoring units 10a, 12a represented by circles are at a distance 22a from one another, which is greater than the minimum distance 46a. In this case there is no alarm.
  • the second monitoring unit 12a has approached the first monitoring unit 10a to such an extent that the minimum distance 46a is not reached.
  • the first monitoring unit 10a continuously emits sound signals 16a and electromagnetic signals 18
  • the electromagnetic signal 18a has already passed the second monitoring unit 12a and was detected by the receiver unit 20a of the second monitoring unit 12a. If necessary, the reception of the electromagnetic signal 18a led to a switching of the second monitoring unit 12a from the listening mode to the measuring mode. The time at which the electromagnetic signal 18a was received is recorded internally in the second monitoring unit 12a. If the receiver unit 20a subsequently also receives the sound signal 16a, the time of receipt is recorded again and after confirmation that the two signals 16a, 18a originate from the first monitoring unit 10a, the distance value is determined. In FIG. 7c, both signals 16a, 18a have passed the second monitoring unit 12a and have been registered by its receiver unit 20a.
  • the second monitoring unit 12a registers that the determined distance value is less than the minimum distance 46a and triggers an alarm for the second monitoring unit 12a.
  • the first monitoring unit 10a also registers the same situation based on the signals 16a, 18a (not shown) emitted by the second monitoring unit 12a and also triggers an alarm.
  • a carrier of the second monitoring unit 12a or also a carrier of the first monitoring unit 10a perceives the alarm and can take countermeasures, ie increase the distance 22a again.
  • the wearers of the monitoring units 10a, 12a can use the silence of the alarm signal to determine when the respectively required minimum distance 46a has been maintained again.
  • FIG. 1 Another exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the following descriptions and the drawings are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments Description of the other embodiments, in particular Figures 1 to 7c, can be referenced.
  • the letter a follows the reference number of the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 to 7c.
  • the letter a has been replaced by the letter b.
  • the alternative contact monitoring system 40b is intended for use in road traffic 136b.
  • the alternative contact monitoring system 40b is provided for monitoring convoy journeys, e.g. in road traffic 136b.
  • the alternative contact monitoring system 40b is designed as a column distance monitoring system.
  • the alternative contact monitoring system 40b is provided for monitoring compliance with specified minimum distances 46b and/or specified maximum distances 132b.
  • the alternative contact monitoring system 40b is provided for monitoring compliance with an optimal column spacing in road traffic 136b.
  • the alternative contact monitoring system 40b has an alternative distance determination system 38b.
  • the alternative distance determination system 38b is provided for determining and/or monitoring distances 22b from vehicles 138b, 146b in a column 140b.
  • the alternative distance determination system 38b is designed as a column distance determination system.
  • the alternative distance determination system 38b has monitoring units 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b.
  • the monitoring units 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b are designed as mobile monitoring units 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b.
  • the monitoring units 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b are each assigned to an external unit 130b, 134b.
  • the monitoring units 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b are each attached to the external unit 130b, 134b.
  • the external units 130b, 134b are designed as vehicles 138b, 146b, in particular as trucks.
  • a first Monitoring unit 10b of mobile monitoring units 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b is arranged on a front side 142b of a first vehicle 138b belonging to column 140b.
  • a second monitoring unit 12b of the mobile monitoring units 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b is arranged on a rear side 144b of a second vehicle 146b which also belongs to the column 140b and is queued up directly in front of the first vehicle 138b in the column 140b.
  • the monitoring units 10b, 12b each have a transmitter unit 14b (not shown in detail in FIG. 8).
  • the transmitter unit 14b is provided for emitting a sound signal 16b and an electromagnetic signal 18b (each not explicitly shown in FIG. 8).
  • the transmitter unit 14b is provided for the purpose, at least together with the electromagnetic signal 18b, of at least one piece of additional information, different from an identifier, about the associated monitoring unit 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b and/or about the external unit 130b, 134b, to which the respective monitoring unit 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b is assigned.
  • the additional information includes at least one movement parameter of the emitting monitoring unit 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b and/or the external unit 130b, 134b, to which the respective emitting monitoring unit 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b is assigned.
  • the monitoring units 10b, 12b each have a receiver unit 20b (not shown in detail in FIG. 8).
  • the receiver units 20b are intended to receive the sound signal 16b, the electromagnetic signal 18b and the additional information.
  • the first monitoring unit 10b which is arranged on the front side 142b of the first vehicle 138b belonging to the column 140b, emits a sound signal 16b and an electromagnetic signal 18b forward (in the direction of the second vehicle 146b).
  • the first monitoring unit 10b which is arranged on the front side 142b of the first vehicle 138b belonging to the column 140b, transmits additional information about the first vehicle 138b, in particular about the state of movement of the first vehicle 138b, at least forward (at least in the direction of the second vehicle 146b) off.
  • the second Monitoring unit 12b which is arranged on the rear 144b of the second vehicle 146b associated with the column 140b, emits a sound signal 16b and an electromagnetic signal 18b to the rear (in the direction of the first vehicle 138b).
  • the second monitoring unit 12b which is arranged on the rear 144b of the second vehicle 146b belonging to the column 140b, sends additional information about the second vehicle 146b, in particular about the movement status of the second vehicle 146b, at least to the rear (at least in the direction of the first vehicle 138b) off.
  • the second monitoring unit 12b which is arranged on the rear 144b of the second vehicle 146b belonging to the column 140b, receives the signals 16b, 18b and information (movement parameters) transmitted by the first monitoring unit 10b.
  • the first monitoring unit 10b which is arranged on the front side 142b of the first vehicle 138b belonging to the column 140b, receives the signals 16b, 18b and information (movement parameters) transmitted by the second monitoring unit 12b. Based on the received signals 16b, 18b, the respective monitoring unit 10b, 12b determines the distance 22b between the vehicles 138b, 146b. Based on the information received (movement parameters), the respective monitoring unit 10b, 12b determines changes in driving operating states of the respective other vehicles 138b, 146b.
  • the optimal column spacing includes a range between the minimum spacing 46b and the maximum spacing 132b.
  • the distance range encompassed by the optimal column distance is selected in such a way that it is large enough for vehicle 138b traveling behind to react quickly enough to changes in the driving operating state of vehicle 146b traveling in front (e.g. abrupt Braking) can react and that at the same time a total air resistance of the two vehicles 138b, 146b can be reduced as much as possible.
  • an alarm device 42b (not shown in detail in FIG. 8), which is assigned to one or both vehicles 138b, 146b, for example, can output an alarm signal. If the minimum distance 46b between the vehicles 138b, 146b is not reached, the alarm device 42b can output an alarm signal.
  • the monitoring units 10b, 12b each have a control and/or regulation unit 36b (not shown in detail in FIG. 8), which is provided based on the measured minimum distance 46b, based on the measured maximum distance 132b and/or based to output a control signal to the vehicle 138b, 146b assigned to the receiving monitoring unit 10b, 12b on the basis of further information (movement parameters) received together with the electromagnetic signal 18b and different from an identifier of the respective other monitoring unit 10b, 12b.
  • the vehicles 138b, 146b with the monitoring units 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b are designed as at least partially autonomous vehicles 138b, 146b, preferably as fully autonomous vehicles 138b, 146b.
  • Vehicles 138b, 146b which are at least partially autonomous, preferably fully autonomous, are set up to transmit the control signals generated based on the measurement results of monitoring units 10b, 10'b, 12b, 12'b to (partially autonomous or fully autonomous) controllers of vehicles 138b, 146b , for example in steering movements or speed and/or acceleration adjustments.
  • the contact monitoring system 40b forms an alternative contact tracking system 56b for tracking convoy journeys.
  • the alternative contact tracing system 56b is configured as a convoy ride tracing system. It is conceivable that the monitoring units 10b, 12b used in road traffic 136b are automatic or have remote-controllable cleaning devices (not shown), which are provided at least to remove dirt (e.g. dust, water or ice) from transmitter units 14b and/or receiver units 20b of monitoring units 10b, 12b, so that advantageously reliable transmission/reception, in particular the sound signals 16b, can be guaranteed.
  • dirt e.g. dust, water or ice
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for contact tracing using the contact tracing system 56b within vehicle platoons 140b, in which economic balancing is carried out between individual vehicles 138b, 146b in the platoon 140b.
  • distances 22b between vehicles 138b, 146b of column 140b are determined by monitoring units 10b, 12b arranged on vehicles 138b, 146b.
  • the distances 22b are stored on the memory modules 58b of the monitoring units 10b, 12b together with the periods in which a respective vehicle 138b, 146b was part of the column 140b (convoy travel times) and with the respective positions of the vehicles 138b, 146b within the column 140b .
  • the determined and stored distance values and/or contact durations are used to calculate an economic slipstream advantage/economic slipstream disadvantage resulting from this for each vehicle 138b , 146b used.
  • the positions of the respective vehicles 138b, 146b, the distances 46b of the respective vehicles 138b, 146b to other vehicles 138b, 146b of the convoy 140b, the convoy driving times of the respective vehicles 138b, 146b and/or the speeds of the respective vehicles 138b, 146b considered.
  • the calculation can take place online while the column 140b is in existence or afterwards when at least one of the monitoring units 10b, 12b is read out.
  • Method step 152b is performed by at least one vehicle 138b, 146b traveling in a column 140b, in particular by the foremost vehicle 146b of column 140b or by an external (readout) system based on the calculation of the (economic) slipstream advantage which at least one behind the vehicle 146b driving further vehicle 138b of the platoon 140b, in particular which is created for all vehicles 146b, 138b driving behind a lead vehicle (not shown) of the platoon (140b), based message.
  • the message can include an invoice, a payment request, or the like.
  • the message is transmitted to the respective further vehicle 138b of the column 140b.
  • the message can also be transmitted to a location associated with vehicle 138b, for example an associated freight forwarder.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de détermination de distance (38a-b), notamment un système de surveillance de distance, de préférence un système de surveillance de distance unidirectionnel, comprenant au moins une première unité de surveillance (10a-b) et au moins une deuxième unité de surveillance (12a-b), au moins la première unité de surveillance (12a-b) présentant une unité d'émission (14a-b) qui est prévue pour émettre un signal sonore (16a-b), notamment un signal ultrasonore, et un signal électromagnétique (18a-b), notamment un signal haute fréquence électromagnétique, au moins la deuxième unité de surveillance (12a-b) présentant une unité de réception (20a-b) qui est prévue pour recevoir le signal sonore (16a-b) et le signal électromagnétique (18a-b) de manière à ce que la différence de temps de propagation entre le signal sonore (16a-b) reçu par l'unité de réception (20a-b) et le signal électromagnétique (18a-b) reçu par l'unité de réception (20a-b) et appartenant au signal sonore (16a-b) reçu permette de déterminer une distance (22a-b) entre la première unité de surveillance (10a-b) et la deuxième unité de surveillance (12a-b).
EP21844705.0A 2020-12-23 2021-12-22 Système de détermination de distance, système de surveillance de contact, système de suivi de contact et procédé de détermination de distance et/ou de suivi de contact Pending EP4268207A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020134920 2020-12-23
DE102021112613.4A DE102021112613A1 (de) 2020-12-23 2021-05-14 Abstandsermittlungssystem, Kontaktüberwachungssystem, Kontaktnachverfolgungssystem und Verfahren zur Abstandsermittlung und/oder zur Kontaktnachverfolgung
PCT/EP2021/087318 WO2022136560A1 (fr) 2020-12-23 2021-12-22 Système de détermination de distance, système de surveillance de contact, système de suivi de contact et procédé de détermination de distance et/ou de suivi de contact

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EP4268207A1 true EP4268207A1 (fr) 2023-11-01

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EP21844705.0A Pending EP4268207A1 (fr) 2020-12-23 2021-12-22 Système de détermination de distance, système de surveillance de contact, système de suivi de contact et procédé de détermination de distance et/ou de suivi de contact

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2692363A1 (fr) * 1992-06-16 1993-12-17 Thomson Csf Procédé et dispositif de mesure de distances par émission d'ondes radioélectriques et ultrasonores.
ES2150370B1 (es) * 1998-07-06 2001-06-01 Boudet Jorge Luis Falco Tecnica de medida de distancias y localizacion y consecuente utilizacion para dar servicios.
KR101882845B1 (ko) * 2015-08-17 2018-07-30 울산대학교 산학협력단 위치측정 시스템
TWM602639U (zh) * 2020-07-07 2020-10-11 正修學校財團法人正修科技大學 室內防疫社交距離偵測與警告裝置

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