EP4258557A1 - Appareil de communication et procédé de communication - Google Patents

Appareil de communication et procédé de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4258557A1
EP4258557A1 EP21921892.2A EP21921892A EP4258557A1 EP 4258557 A1 EP4258557 A1 EP 4258557A1 EP 21921892 A EP21921892 A EP 21921892A EP 4258557 A1 EP4258557 A1 EP 4258557A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
port
communication apparatus
unit
orthogonal
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EP21921892.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4258557A4 (fr
Inventor
Aijun Gu
Zefeng Chen
Yong Chen
Deyi ZHENG
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4258557A1 publication Critical patent/EP4258557A1/fr
Publication of EP4258557A4 publication Critical patent/EP4258557A4/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/06—Movable joints, e.g. rotating joints
    • H01P1/062—Movable joints, e.g. rotating joints the relative movement being a rotation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/181—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides

Definitions

  • This application relates to the communication field, and more specifically, to a communication apparatus and a communication method.
  • a directional coupler is a four-port device, and is widely used in a microwave transmission system.
  • four ports of a directional coupler include a common port, a primary port, a secondary port, and an isolation port.
  • the isolation port is inside the product and is not displayed.
  • the directional coupler may be classified into a balanced directional coupler and an unbalanced directional coupler based on an energy ratio of a signal of the primary port to the common port and an energy ratio of a signal of the secondary port to the common port.
  • an energy ratio of a signal of a primary port to a common port is equal to an energy ratio of a signal of a secondary port to a common port.
  • an energy ratio of a signal of a primary port to a common port is unequal to an energy ratio of a signal of a secondary port to a common port.
  • a common coupling structure of an existing directional coupler includes a broadside coupling structure, a narrowside coupling structure, and a magic T structure. Coupling amounts of a directional coupler with the broadside coupling structure and a directional coupler with the narrowside coupling structure are usually fixed. If the coupling amount needs to be adjusted, a quantity of coupling windows, and sizes of and a distance between the coupling windows need to be changed. Adjustment of the coupling amount is complex and difficult to implement. A coupling amount of a directional coupler with the magic T structure cannot be adjusted, and the coupling amount has only one specification of 3 dB. In addition, because a coupling mount of the existing directional coupler is related to a frequency, and an operating frequency range is narrow, in the frequency range, the coupling amount fluctuates to a specific extent, and is not stable enough.
  • This application provides a communication apparatus and a communication method, applied to signal power allocation or combination.
  • a coupling amount of the communication apparatus may be adjusted, and an adjustment manner is simple and easy to implement, so that functions of both a balanced communication apparatus and an unbalanced communication apparatus are realized.
  • adjustment of the coupling amount of the communication apparatus is independent of a coupling window and is not affected by a frequency change, so that flatness of the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in a passband is improved.
  • a communication apparatus including a first orthogonal unit, a second orthogonal unit, and a rotation unit.
  • a first end of the rotation unit is connected to the first orthogonal unit, and a second end of the rotation unit is connected to the second orthogonal unit.
  • the first orthogonal unit is configured to process an input first signal and an input second signal into a third signal and a fourth signal that are orthogonal.
  • the second orthogonal unit is configured to process the third signal and the fourth signal into a fifth signal and a sixth signal that are orthogonal.
  • the rotation unit is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around a first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the third signal and the fifth signal in a first plane or a first included angle between the fourth signal and the sixth signal in a first plane.
  • the first direction is a transmission direction in which the third signal and the fourth signal are transmitted from the first end of the rotation unit to the second end of the rotation unit.
  • the first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first included angle may be adjusted by controlling the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit by the rotation unit to rotate around the first direction, and a coupling amount of the communication apparatus is controlled by adjusting the first included angle.
  • energy ratio relationships between the fifth signal and the third signal and between the sixth signal and the third signal may be adjusted by adjusting the first included angle.
  • a manner of adjusting the coupling amount is simple, and functions of both a balanced communication apparatus and an unbalanced communication apparatus are realized.
  • unit is merely an example, and the unit may also be referred to as a structure, a module, a device, or the like, provided that a same or similar function can be implemented. This is not limited in this application.
  • the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit each are an orth-mode transducer (orth-mode transducer, OMT).
  • the orth-mode transducer OMT is configured to divide a signal into two orthogonally polarized signals or combine two orthogonally polarized signals into one signal. Orthogonal signals of two dividing ports of the orth-mode transducer are isolated from each other, and are still orthogonal to each other and do not affect each other after being transmitted to a common port.
  • An implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT in this application may be a conventional OMT, a wideband OMT, or an ultra-wideband OMT. The implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT is not limited in this application.
  • the first orthogonal unit includes: a first port, configured to input the first signal; a second port, configured to input the second signal; and a third port, configured to output the third signal and the fourth signal to the first end of the rotation unit.
  • the second orthogonal unit includes: a fourth port, configured to input the third signal and the fourth signal from the second end of the rotation unit; and a fifth port, configured to output the fifth signal.
  • the fifth signal is determined based on the third signal, the fourth signal, and the first included angle.
  • the first included angle is an included angle between an electric field direction of a signal transmitted from the first port to the third port on the third port and an electric field direction of a signal transmitted from the fifth port to the fourth port on the fourth port.
  • the second orthogonal unit further includes a sixth port.
  • the sixth port is configured to output the sixth signal.
  • the sixth signal is determined based on the third signal, the fourth signal, and the first included angle.
  • the communication apparatus in this application is a directional coupler.
  • the first port is a primary port of the directional coupler in this application
  • the second port is a secondary port of the directional coupler in this application
  • the third port is a common port #1 of an orthogonal unit interconnected inside the directional coupler in this application
  • the fourth port is a common port #2 of the orthogonal unit interconnected inside the directional coupler in this application
  • the fifth port is a common port #3 of the directional coupler in this application
  • the sixth port is an isolation port of the directional coupler in this application.
  • the isolation port is connected to a matched load, and is configured to cancel an output signal of the sixth port.
  • the fifth signal includes a first component and a third component.
  • the first component is a projection of the third signal in a direction of the first included angle
  • the third component is a projection of the fourth signal in the direction of the first included angle.
  • the sixth signal includes a second component and a fourth component.
  • the second component is a projection of the third signal in a direction of a second included angle
  • the fourth component is a projection of the fourth signal in the direction of the second included angle.
  • the second included angle and the first included angle are complementary to each other.
  • the rotation unit may adjust the energy ratio by adjusting the first included angle ⁇ , namely, the coupling amount.
  • a manner of adjusting the coupling amount is independent of a frequency, and the coupling amount fluctuates slightly in a passband, and has high flatness in the passband.
  • the communication apparatus in this application includes a scale of a rotation angle within which the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit may be rotated, namely, a scale of a rotation angle corresponding to the first included angle.
  • a required coupling amount may be obtained by rotating to a corresponding scale.
  • the communication apparatus in this application includes scales of different coupling amounts. Each coupling amount has a corresponding rotation angle inside the communication apparatus, and the rotation angle corresponds to the first included angle.
  • the communication apparatus only needs to be directly adjusted to a scale of the required coupling amount.
  • the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application may be adjusted by a user based on an actual requirement, may be automatically adjusted by the communication apparatus based on a preset coupling amount, or may be preset in advance before delivery.
  • a specific adjustment mode of the coupling quantity is not limited in this application.
  • another included angle generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit may be used for description.
  • actual included angles generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit are separately used for calculation.
  • an included angle between an electric field direction obtained after a signal of the sixth port enters the second orthogonal unit and an electric field direction obtained after a signal of the second port enters a first coupling body is used for calculation.
  • the another included angle may also be uniquely determined based on the first included angle. This is not limited in this application.
  • a manner of calculating the another included angle is similar to a manner of calculating the first included angle.
  • the first included angle ⁇ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 3 dB is 45 deg
  • the first included angle ⁇ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 6 dB is 30 deg.
  • conversion between the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be implemented by adjusting the first included angle.
  • functions of both the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be realized.
  • the first orthogonal unit includes an orth-mode transducer OMT, and/or the second orthogonal unit includes an orth-mode transducer OMT.
  • the communication apparatus provided in this application can expand an operating frequency range, and can implement broadband or even ultra-wideband.
  • a communication apparatus including a first orthogonal unit, a second orthogonal unit, and a rotation unit.
  • a first end of the rotation unit is connected to the first orthogonal unit, and a second end of the rotation unit is connected to the second orthogonal unit.
  • the second orthogonal unit is configured to process an input seventh signal into an eighth signal.
  • the eighth signal is perpendicular to a first direction.
  • the first direction is a transmission direction in which the eighth signal is transmitted from the second end of the rotation unit to the first end of the rotation unit.
  • the first orthogonal unit is configured to process the eighth signal into a ninth signal and a tenth signal that are orthogonal.
  • the rotation unit is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around the first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the eighth signal and the ninth signal in a first plane.
  • the first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first included angle may be adjusted by controlling the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit by the rotation unit to rotate around the first direction, and a coupling amount of the communication apparatus is controlled by adjusting the first included angle.
  • energy ratios of the ninth signal and the tenth signal in the eighth signal may be adjusted by adjusting the first included angle.
  • a manner of adjusting the coupling amount is simple, and functions of both a balanced communication apparatus and an unbalanced communication apparatus are realized.
  • unit is merely an example, and the unit may also be referred to as a structure, a module, a device, or the like, provided that a same or similar function can be implemented. This is not limited in this application.
  • the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit each are an orth-mode transducer OMT.
  • the orth-mode transducer OMT is configured to divide a signal into two orthogonally polarized signals or combine two orthogonally polarized signals into one signal. Orthogonal signals of two dividing ports of the orth-mode transducer are isolated from each other, and are still orthogonal to each other and do not affect each other after being transmitted to a common port.
  • An implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT in this application may be a conventional orth-mode transducer OMT, a wideband orth-mode transducer OMT, or an ultra-wideband orth-mode transducer OMT. The implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT is not limited in this application.
  • the second orthogonal unit includes: a fifth port, configured to input the seventh signal; and a fourth port, configured to output the eighth signal to the second end of the rotation unit.
  • the first orthogonal unit includes: a third port, configured to input the eighth signal into the first end of the rotation unit; a second port, configured to output the ninth signal, where the ninth signal is determined based on the eighth signal and the first included angle; and a first port, configured to output the tenth signal, where the ninth signal is determined based on the eighth signal and the first included angle.
  • the communication apparatus in this application is a directional coupler.
  • the first port is a primary port of the directional coupler in this application
  • the second port is a secondary port of the directional coupler in this application
  • the third port is a common port #1 of an orthogonal unit interconnected inside the directional coupler in this application
  • the fourth port is a common port #2 of the orthogonal unit interconnected inside the directional coupler in this application
  • the fifth port is a common port #3 of the directional coupler in this application.
  • the rotation unit may adjust the energy ratio by adjusting the first included angle, namely, the coupling amount.
  • a manner of adjusting the coupling amount is independent of a frequency, and the coupling amount fluctuates slightly in a passband, and has high flatness in the passband.
  • the communication apparatus in this application includes a scale of a rotation angle within which the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit may be rotated, namely, a scale of a rotation angle corresponding to the first included angle.
  • a required coupling amount may be obtained by rotating to a corresponding scale.
  • the communication apparatus in this application includes scales of different coupling amounts. Each coupling amount has a corresponding rotation angle inside the communication apparatus, and the rotation angle corresponds to the first included angle.
  • the communication apparatus only needs to be directly adjusted to a scale of the required coupling amount.
  • the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application may be adjusted by a user based on an actual requirement, may be automatically adjusted by the communication apparatus based on a preset coupling amount, or may be preset in advance before delivery.
  • a specific adjustment mode of the coupling quantity is not limited in this application.
  • another included angle generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit may be used for description.
  • actual included angles generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit are separately used for calculation.
  • an included angle between an electric field direction obtained after a signal of the sixth port enters the second orthogonal unit and an electric field direction obtained after a signal of the second port enters a first coupling body is used for calculation.
  • the another included angle may also be uniquely determined based on the first included angle. This is not limited in this application.
  • a manner of calculating the another included angle is similar to a manner of calculating the first included angle.
  • the first included angle ⁇ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 3 dB is 45 deg
  • the first included angle ⁇ corresponding to a communication apparatus whose coupling amount is 6 dB is 30 deg.
  • conversion between the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be implemented by adjusting the first included angle.
  • functions of both the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be realized.
  • the first orthogonal unit includes the orth-mode transducer OMT, and/or the second orthogonal unit includes the orth-mode transducer OMT.
  • the communication apparatus provided in this application can greatly expand an operating frequency range, and can implement broadband or even ultra-wideband.
  • a communication method includes: determining an energy ratio based on a preset coupling amount, where the energy ratio includes an energy ratio of an input signal of a first port of a first orthogonal unit to an output signal of a fifth port of a second orthogonal unit, or an energy ratio of an input signal of a second port of a first orthogonal body to an output signal of a fifth port of a second orthogonal body; determining, based on the energy ratio, a first included angle generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around a first direction, where the first direction is a direction in which a signal is transmitted between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit; and rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around the first direction, so that a relative rotation angle between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit is the first included angle.
  • a communication system includes: the communication apparatus in the first aspect and/or the second aspect, where the communication apparatus is configured to process a signal; a first outdoor unit, configured to receive the unprocessed signal or send a processed signal, where the first outdoor unit is connected to the first port of the first orthogonal unit of the communication apparatus; a second outdoor unit, configured to receive the unprocessed signal or send the processed signal, where the second outdoor unit is connected to the second port of the first orthogonal unit of the communication apparatus; and an antenna, configured to receive the unprocessed signal or send the processed signal, where the antenna is connected to the fifth port of the second orthogonal unit of the communication apparatus.
  • a network device configured to receive or send a signal, where the transceiver includes the communication apparatus in the first aspect and/or the second aspect, and the communication apparatus is configured to perform power combination on a to-be-sent signal before the signal is sent, or perform power allocation on the received signal after the signal is received; and a processor, configured to process the signal.
  • the directional coupler is a passive microwave device that can be used for signal power allocation or combination.
  • Four ports of the directional coupler include a common port, a primary port, a secondary port, and an isolation port.
  • a common port of a directional coupler 202 is connected to an antenna 201, a primary port is connected to a first outdoor unit (outdoor unit, ODU) 203, a secondary port is connected to a second outdoor unit 204, and an internal isolation port is connected to a matched load.
  • the directional coupler 202 combines a radio frequency signal of the first ODU 203 and a radio frequency signal of the second ODU 204 into one signal and output the signal through the common port. Then, the antenna 201 converts the radio frequency signal output through the common port into an electromagnetic wave, and radiates the electromagnetic wave to the air.
  • the antenna 201 receives an electromagnetic wave and converts the electromagnetic wave into a radio frequency signal.
  • the radio frequency signal is input through the common port of the directional coupler 202, and then is divided on the primary port and the secondary port. Two radio frequency signals obtained through division are separately output to the first ODU 203 and the second ODU 204.
  • the directional coupler may be classified into a balanced directional coupler and an unbalanced directional coupler based on an energy ratio of a signal of the primary port to the common port and an energy ratio of a signal of the secondary port to the common port.
  • an energy ratio X of a signal of a primary port to a common port is equal to an energy ratio X of a signal of a secondary port to a common port.
  • an energy ratio X of a signal of a primary port to a common port is unequal to an energy ratio X of a signal of a secondary port to a common port.
  • the energy ratio of the signal of the primary port to the common port is equal to the energy ratio of the signal of the secondary port to the common port.
  • both the energy ratio of the signal of the primary port to the common port and the energy ratio of the signal of the secondary port to the common port are 1/2.
  • corresponding energy of the signal of the secondary port to the common port is -3 dB
  • corresponding energy of the signal of the primary port to the common port is also -3 dB.
  • the balanced directional coupler is usually used in a scenario in which two ODUs operate at different frequencies, which is also referred to as a "2+0" scenario. Compared with a scenario in which only one ODU is used, a system capacity can be doubled in the scenario.
  • the energy ratio of the signal of the primary port to the common port is unequal to the energy ratio of the signal of the secondary port to the common port. For example, when the energy ratio of the signal of the secondary port to the common port is 1/4, corresponding energy of the signal of the secondary port to the common port is - 6 dB; and when the energy ratio of the signal of the primary port to the common port is 3/4, corresponding energy of the signal of the primary port to the common port is -1.3 dB.
  • the unbalanced directional coupler is usually used in a scenario in which one ODU operates and the other ODU serves as a backup, which is also referred to as a "1+1" hot standby (hot standby, HSB) scenario. In this scenario, if the operating ODU is faulty, the operating ODD can be switched to the standby ODU, to ensure normal operation of the system.
  • a common coupling structure of the directional coupler includes a broadside coupling structure, a narrowside coupling structure, and a magic T structure.
  • a coupling amount is mainly adjusted by adjusting a quantity of coupling windows, and sizes of and a distance between the coupling windows.
  • each coupling window couples a part of energy of the common port to the secondary port and the isolation port.
  • the distance between the coupling windows is adjusted, so that energy of the coupling windows is superimposed at the secondary port and cancelled at the isolation port.
  • a part of energy is coupled to the secondary port for output, and energy of an uncoupled part is output from the primary port.
  • coupling amounts of a coupler with the broadside coupling structure and a coupler with the narrowside coupling structure can be adjusted theoretically, adjusting the coupling amounts of the couplers by adjusting a quantity of coupling windows, and sizes of and a distance between the coupling windows is complex in an actual operation, and is difficult to implement.
  • a coupling amount of a coupler with the Magic T structure is fixed and non-adjustable, and can only implement balanced coupling of 3 dB, but cannot implement unbalanced coupling.
  • coupling amounts corresponding to the broadside coupling structure and the narrowside coupling structure are related to a frequency, in an operating frequency range, the coupling amount fluctuates to a specific extent, and is not stable enough.
  • operating frequency ranges of the broadside coupling structure and the narrowside coupling structure are narrow.
  • embodiments of this application provide a communication apparatus that may be used for signal power allocation or combination.
  • a coupling amount of the communication apparatus can be adjusted, and adjustment of the coupling amount does not relate to a coupling window, and is not affected by a frequency change.
  • Flatness of the coupling amount of the communication apparatus is higher in a passband, and an operating frequency range of the communication apparatus may reach broadband or even ultra-wideband.
  • This application mainly resolves a narrow bandwidth of an existing directional coupler, in-band ripple, and realization of functions of both a balanced coupler and an unbalanced coupler.
  • FIG. 5 shows a communication apparatus 500 that is used for coupling and whose coupling amount is adjustable according to this application.
  • the communication apparatus 500 mainly includes a first orthogonal unit 510, a rotation unit 520, and a second orthogonal unit 530.
  • a first end 521 of the rotation unit is connected to the first orthogonal unit 510, and a second end 522 of the rotation unit is connected to the second orthogonal unit 530.
  • the first orthogonal unit 510 is configured to process an input first signal and an input second signal into a third signal and a fourth signal that are orthogonal.
  • the second orthogonal unit 530 is configured to process the third signal and the fourth signal into a fifth signal and a sixth signal that are orthogonal.
  • the rotation unit 520 is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit 510 and/or the second orthogonal unit 530 around a first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the third signal and the fifth signal in a first plane or a first included angle between the fourth signal and the sixth signal in a first plane.
  • the first direction is a transmission direction in which the third signal and the fourth signal are transmitted from the first end 521 of the rotation unit 520 to the second end 522 of the rotation unit.
  • the first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • orthogonal unit and the rotation unit are merely used as examples, and the unit may alternatively be referred to as an orthogonal structure, an orthogonal module, an orthogonal device, a rotation structure, a rotation module, a rotation device, or the like, provided that same or similar capabilities can be implemented.
  • a specific name is not limited herein in this application.
  • the rotation unit may be a cylinder.
  • the communication apparatus in this application includes a scale of a rotation angle within which the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit may be rotated, namely, a scale of a rotation angle corresponding to the first included angle.
  • a required coupling amount may be obtained by rotating to a corresponding scale.
  • the communication apparatus in this application includes scales of different coupling amounts. Each coupling amount has a corresponding rotation angle inside the communication apparatus, and the rotation angle corresponds to the first included angle.
  • the communication apparatus only needs to be directly adjusted to a scale of the required coupling amount.
  • a communication apparatus 600 that is used for coupling and whose coupling amount is adjustable according to an embodiment of this application mainly includes: a first orthogonal unit 610, a second orthogonal unit 620, and a rotation unit 630.
  • the first orthogonal unit 610 includes a first port 611, a second port 612, a first body 613, and a third port 614.
  • the second orthogonal unit 620 includes a fourth port 621, a second body 622, and a fifth port 623.
  • the first body 613 is connected to the first port 611, the second port 612, and the third port 614.
  • the second body 622 is connected to the fourth port 621, the fifth port 623, and the sixth port 624.
  • the third port 614 is connected to the fourth port 621.
  • the first orthogonal unit 610 and/or the second orthogonal unit 620 can rotate along an axis on which the third port 614 and the fourth port 621 are connected.
  • the communication apparatus 600 further includes the sixth port 624.
  • the third port may correspond to a first end of the rotation unit, and the fourth port may correspond to a second end of the rotation unit.
  • the first orthogonal unit is an OMT 1
  • the second orthogonal unit is an OMT 2
  • the rotation unit is a circular waveguide
  • the first port is a primary port of the communication apparatus in this application
  • the second port is a secondary port of the communication apparatus in this application
  • the third port is a common port #1 of the OMT 1 interconnected inside the communication apparatus in this application
  • the fourth port is a common port #2 of an OMT interconnected inside the communication apparatus in this application
  • the fifth port is a common port #3 of the communication apparatus in this application
  • the sixth port is an isolation port of the communication apparatus in this application.
  • the isolation port is connected to a matched load.
  • the common port #1 and the common port #2 are located inside the communication apparatus.
  • a power combination scenario is used as an example to describe functions of the parts of the communication apparatus 600.
  • the first orthogonal unit 610 includes: the first port 611, configured to input a first signal; the second port 612, configured to input a second signal; the first body 613, configured to perform first processing on the first signal and the second signal to obtain a third signal and a fourth signal respectively, where the third signal is orthogonal to the fourth signal; and the third port 614, configured to output the third signal and the fourth signal.
  • the second orthogonal unit 620 includes: the fourth port 621, configured to input the third signal and the fourth signal; the second body 622, configured to: perform second processing on the third signal to generate a first component and a second component, and configured to perform third processing on the fourth signal to generate a third component and a fourth component, where the first component is orthogonal to the second component, the third component is orthogonal to the fourth component, the first component and the third component have a same direction, and the second component and the fourth component have a same direction; and the fifth port 623, configured to output a fifth signal, where the fifth signal includes a first component and a third component.
  • the rotation unit 630 is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit 610 and/or the second orthogonal unit 620 around a first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the third signal and the fifth signal in a first plane or a first included angle between the fourth signal and a sixth signal in a first plane.
  • the first direction is a transmission direction in which the third signal and the fourth signal are transmitted from the first end (namely, the third port 614) of the rotation unit to the second end (namely, the fourth port 621) of the rotation unit.
  • the first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first component and the second component are components of the third signal in the first plane.
  • the first component is a projection of the third signal in a direction of the first included angle.
  • the second component is a projection of the third signal in a direction of a second included angle.
  • the second included angle and the first included angle are complementary to each other.
  • the third component and the fourth component are components of the fourth signal in the first plane.
  • the third component is a projection of the fourth signal in the direction of the first included angle.
  • the fourth component is a projection of the fourth signal in the direction of the second included angle.
  • the communication apparatus 600 further includes the sixth port 624.
  • the sixth port 624 is configured to output a sixth signal.
  • the sixth signal includes a second component and a fourth component.
  • a plane on which orthogonal signals obtained by performing the first processing, the second processing, and the third processing are located is perpendicular to a signal transmission direction (namely, the first direction) between two orthogonal units.
  • the first included angle is 0 deg.
  • directions of orthogonal signals obtained by performing the first processing by the first orthogonal unit, performing the second processing by the second orthogonal unit, and performing the third processing by the third orthogonal unit are the same.
  • a power allocation scenario is used as an example to describe the functions of the parts of the communication apparatus 600.
  • the second orthogonal unit 620 includes: the fifth port 623, configured to input a seventh signal; the second body 622, configured to perform fourth processing on the seventh signal to obtain an eighth signal, where the eighth signal obtained through the fourth processing is perpendicular to the first direction, and the first direction is a direction of propagating the seventh signal from the fourth port to the third port; and the fourth port 621, configured to output an eighth signal obtained through the fourth processing.
  • the first orthogonal unit 610 includes: the third port 614, configured to input the eighth signal obtained through the fourth processing; the first body 613, configured to perform fifth processing on the eighth signal to obtain a ninth signal and a tenth signal, where the ninth signal is orthogonal to the tenth signal; the second port 612, configured to output the ninth signal; and the first port, configured to output the tenth signal.
  • the rotation unit 630 is configured to rotate the first orthogonal unit 610 and/or the second orthogonal unit 620 around the first direction, to adjust a first included angle between the ninth signal and the eighth signal in the first plane.
  • the first direction is a transmission direction in which the eighth signal is transmitted from the second end (namely, the fourth port 621) of the rotation unit to the first end (namely, the third port 614) of the rotation unit.
  • the first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the ninth signal and the tenth signal are components of the eighth signal in the first plane.
  • the ninth signal is a projection of the eighth signal in a direction of the first included angle.
  • the tenth signal is a projection of the eighth signal in a direction of a second included angle.
  • the second included angle and the first included angle are complementary to each other.
  • the first signal and the second signal may be radio frequency signals respectively input from a first ODU and a second ODU
  • the fourth signal may be a radio frequency signal converted from an electromagnetic wave by an antenna connected to the fifth port.
  • the sixth port is connected to a matched load, and is configured to process the sixth signal, so that no signal is output from the sixth port.
  • the first coupling body may be connected to the first port, the second port, and the third port in another manner.
  • the first port and the second port may be installed on another surface of the first coupling body.
  • the second coupling body may be connected to the fourth port, the fifth port, and the sixth port in another manner.
  • the fifth port and the sixth port may be installed on another surface of the second coupling body.
  • the first body may also be referred to as the first coupling body, a first orthogonal mode coupling body, a first orthogonal mode coupling core, or the like, provided that a same or similar function can be implemented. This is not limited in this application.
  • a plane on which orthogonal signals obtained by performing the fourth processing and the fifth processing are located is perpendicular to a signal transmission direction (namely, the first direction) between two orthogonal units. In an initial state, the first included angle is 0 deg. In this case, directions of orthogonal signals obtained by performing the fourth processing by the second orthogonal unit and performing the fifth processing by the first orthogonal unit are the same.
  • the first orthogonal unit is an orth-mode transducer (orth-mode transducer, OMT), and/or the second orthogonal unit is an orth-mode transducer OMT.
  • the orth-mode transducer OMT is configured to divide a signal into two orthogonally polarized signals or combine two orthogonally polarized signals into one signal. Orthogonal signals of two dividing ports of the orth-mode transducer are isolated from each other, and are still orthogonal to each other and do not affect each other after being transmitted to a common port.
  • An implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT in this application may be a conventional OMT, a wideband OMT, or an ultra-wideband OMT. The implementation of the orth-mode transducer OMT is not limited in this application.
  • the orth-mode transducer OMT may include a narrowband OMT, the wideband OMT, and the ultra-wideband OMT depending on an operating frequency band range.
  • a relative bandwidth of the narrowband OMT is usually less than 10%
  • a relative bandwidth of the wideband OMT is usually greater than 20%
  • a relative bandwidth of the ultra-wideband OMT is usually greater than 35%.
  • the relative bandwidth is a ratio of a signal bandwidth to a center frequency.
  • two orthogonal units are internally connected, and a relative angle between the two orthogonal units, namely, the first included angle, is adjusted, to implement different coupling amounts.
  • the following describes in detail a manner of adjusting the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application in a power combination scenario. In other words, the following further describes content of the first processing, the second processing, and the third processing.
  • FIG. 7 shows a possible manner of adjusting a coupling amount of a communication apparatus according to this application.
  • a signal input from the first port to the first coupling body is the first signal
  • a signal input from the second port to the first coupling body is the second signal.
  • the first signal namely, a signal A (or the third signal), obtained by performing the first processing
  • the second signal namely, a signal B (or the fourth signal)
  • the signal A and the signal B are input to the second body through the fourth port.
  • the second processing is performed on the signal A to obtain the first component Asin ⁇ and the second component Acos ⁇
  • the third processing is performed on the signal B to obtain the third component Bcos ⁇ and the fourth component Bsin ⁇ .
  • An included angle in an electric field direction between the first port and the fifth port in FIG. 7 may be controlled by adjusting the relative included angle between the two orthogonal units.
  • the signal A input through the fourth port is decomposed in electric field directions of the fifth port and the sixth port.
  • a signal parallel to an electric field of the fifth port enters the fifth port, and the signal entering the fifth port is Acos ⁇ .
  • a signal parallel to an electric field of the sixth port enters the isolation port, and the signal entering the sixth port is Asin ⁇ .
  • the signal B input through the fourth port is decomposed in the electric field directions of the fifth port and the sixth port.
  • a signal parallel to the electric field of the fifth port enters the fifth port, and the signal entering the fifth port is Bsin ⁇ .
  • a signal parallel to the electric field of the sixth port enters the sixth port, and the signal entering the sixth port is Bcos ⁇ .
  • signals finally entering the common port #3 from the primary port and the secondary port are Acos ⁇ and Bsin ⁇
  • signals finally entering the isolation port are Asin ⁇ and Bcos ⁇ . Therefore, it can be seen that a ratio of a signal finally output from the primary port and the secondary port to the common port #3 is related only to the first included angle ⁇ , and is independent of a frequency, that is, a coupling amount of the signal from the primary port and the secondary port to the common port #3 is related only to the first included angle ⁇ , and is independent of the frequency. That is, the coupling amount of the signal from the primary port and the secondary port to the common port #3 may be adjusted only by adjusting the first included angle ⁇ .
  • the first included angle ⁇ may be adjusted by using the rotation unit, to adjust an energy ratio, namely, the coupling quantity.
  • an energy ratio namely, the coupling quantity.
  • a corresponding included angle ⁇ is 45 deg.
  • the coupling quantity is 6 dB
  • a corresponding included angle ⁇ is 30 deg. Therefore, according to the communication apparatus in this application, conversion between the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be implemented by adjusting the included angle ⁇ , that is, functions of both the balanced communication apparatus and the unbalanced communication apparatus can be realized.
  • the manner of adjusting the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application in the power allocation scenario is similar to the manner of adjusting the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application in the power combination scenario.
  • content of the fourth processing and the fifth processing refer to the content descriptions of the first processing, the second processing, and the third processing. Details are not described herein again.
  • the third signal, the fourth signal, the fifth signal, the sixth signal, the eighth signal, the ninth signal, and the tenth signal are all located on the first plane.
  • the first plane is a plane perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first direction is a direction in which a signal is transmitted between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit, namely, a direction in which the signal is transmitted within the rotation unit.
  • the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit are OMTs.
  • a relative rotation angle between the two OMTs is adjusted, an impact of included angles between another device and the primary port, the secondary port, the isolation port, and the common port #3 of the communication apparatus needs to be considered.
  • the rotation angle is adjusted from ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 2 , it is considered that the common port #3 and the antenna are misplaced. It may be ensured that a ratio of the maximum energy that can be transmitted is cos(( ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 )/2).
  • an adjustment range of the rotation angle may be determined based on specific acceptable energy attenuation.
  • FIG. 8 an actual modeling and simulation calculation result is shown in FIG. 8 .
  • a horizontal coordinate represents an operating frequency of the communication apparatus
  • a vertical coordinate represents the coupling amount of the communication apparatus.
  • FIG. 9 An electrical performance part of a coupler includes two OMTs.
  • the OMT 1 has a front port and a rear port.
  • the front port is a primary port of the coupler, and the rear port is a secondary port of the coupler. Both ports are connected to an ODU.
  • the OMT 2 has a right port and a front port.
  • the right port is a common port of the coupler and is connected to an antenna through a flexible waveguide in a split mode.
  • the front port is an isolation port and is connected to a matched load.
  • the OMT 2 can rotate at a specific angle.
  • the coupler is a balanced coupler.
  • the coupler is an unbalanced coupler.
  • rotation of the OMT 1 and/or the OMT 2 may be controlled by disposing a rotation joint on a circular waveguide on which a common port #1 and a common port #2 are connected.
  • rotation of the OMT 1 and/or the OMT 2 may be controlled by disposing an angle rotation controller on the communication apparatus in this application.
  • a rotation angle may be continuously adjusted, or may be adjusted in a node manner.
  • a specific implementation of controlling a relative rotation angle (namely, the first included angle) between the OMT 1 and the OMT 2 is not limited in this application. Any solution in which the relative rotation angle between the OMT 1 and the OMT 2 can be adjusted falls within the protection scope of this application.
  • the OMT 2 may be fixed, and the OMT 1 may be rotated by a specific included angle.
  • both the OMT 1 and the OMT 2 may be rotated, provided that the relative included angle between the OMT 1 and the OMT 2 can be adjusted. This is not limited in this application.
  • the common port of the OMT 2 may be connected to the antenna in another manner, for example, an integrated installation manner. This is not limited in this application.
  • the primary port and the secondary port may alternatively be installed on another surface of an OMT 1 core, and a coupling end and the third common port may alternatively be installed on another surface of an OMT 2 core. This is not limited in this application.
  • a communication apparatus with an adjustable coupling amount is designed.
  • the coupling amount of the communication apparatus is related only to a relative angle (namely, the first included angle) between a first orthogonal unit and a second orthogonal unit, and is independent of a frequency.
  • the communication apparatus in this application further includes a scale of a rotation angle within which the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit may be rotated, and different angle scales correspond to different coupling amounts.
  • the communication apparatus in this application further includes scales of different coupling amounts.
  • a 6 dB coupler is obtained by rotating to a location of 30 deg
  • a 3 dB coupler is obtained by rotating to a location of 45 deg.
  • the communication apparatus may include a corresponding scale of another coupling amount or another angle.
  • a required coupling amount is obtained by rotating to a corresponding scale of a coupling amount or an included scale.
  • the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this application may be adjusted by a user based on an actual requirement, may be automatically adjusted by the communication apparatus, or may be preset in advance before delivery.
  • a specific adjustment mode of the coupling quantity is not limited in this application.
  • the communication apparatus determines an energy ratio based on a preset coupling amount.
  • the energy ratio includes an energy ratio of an input signal of a first port of the first orthogonal unit to an output signal of a fifth port of the second orthogonal unit, or an energy ratio of an input signal of a second port of the first orthogonal body to an output signal of a fifth port of the second orthogonal body.
  • the communication apparatus determines, based on the energy ratio, the first included angle obtained by rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around a first direction.
  • the first direction is a direction in which a signal is transmitted between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit.
  • the communication apparatus rotates the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit around the first direction, so that a relative rotation angle between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit is the first included angle. In this case, the communication apparatus reaches the preset coupling amount.
  • the coupling amount of the communication apparatus in this embodiment of this application may be correspondingly adjusted on a live network based on a specific situation.
  • a specific coupling amount in this application is merely an example, and should not be construed as a limitation on this application.
  • the first included angle may be described in a plurality of manners, for example, a relative rotation angle between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit, a relative included angle between two orthogonal units, an included angle between the short side of the common port #3 and the short side of the primary port, an included angle between an electric field direction in which the common port #3 enters the second orthogonal unit and an electric field direction in which the primary port enters the first orthogonal unit, a first included angle between a third signal and a fifth signal in a first plane, a first included angle between a fourth signal and a sixth signal in a first plane, an included angle between an electric field direction of a signal transmitted from the third port to the first port on the third port and an electric field direction of a signal transmitted from the fifth port to the fourth port on the fourth port, and a first included angle between an eighth signal and a ninth signal in a first plane, which should be understood with specific meanings described.
  • the foregoing descriptions all correspond to a same included angle
  • a short side of a port is a side parallel to an electric field.
  • the relative rotation angle between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit is used as an example for description, or another included angle generated by rotating the first orthogonal unit and/or the second orthogonal unit may be used for description.
  • an actual rotation angle between the first orthogonal unit and the second orthogonal unit is used for calculation, or an angle between an electric field direction in which the isolation port enters the second orthogonal unit and an electric field direction in which the secondary port enters the first orthogonal unit is used for calculation.
  • a manner for calculating other included angles is similar to that in the foregoing embodiment. Details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram of a structure of a wireless communication system 1000 according to this application.
  • the communication system includes an antenna 1001, a communication apparatus 1002, an outdoor unit 1003, and an outdoor unit 1004 in this application.
  • the antenna receives an electromagnetic wave, converts the electromagnetic wave into a radio frequency signal, and inputs the radio frequency signal to the communication apparatus.
  • the communication apparatus performs power allocation processing on the radio frequency signal according to a specific proportion, and sends a processed radio frequency signal to the outdoor unit 1003 and the outdoor unit 1004.
  • radio frequency signals transmitted from the two outdoor units are input to the communication apparatus.
  • the communication apparatus performs power combination processing on the radio frequency signals, couples a processed radio frequency signal according to a specific proportion, and sends a coupled radio frequency signal to the antenna.
  • the antenna converts the coupled radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave for radiation into the air.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a simplified structure of a network device 1000.
  • the base station includes a processor 1010 and a transceiver 1020.
  • the processor is mainly configured to: perform baseband processing, control the base station, and the like.
  • the transceiver 1020 may be usually referred to as a transceiver unit, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, or the like.
  • the processor 1010 is usually a control center of the base station, and may be usually referred to as a processing unit.
  • the transceiver 1020 is mainly configured to: receive and transmit a radio frequency signal, and perform conversion between the radio frequency signal and a baseband signal.
  • the processor 1110 may include one or more boards 1111, and each board 1111 may include one or more processors 1113 and one or more memories 1112.
  • the processor 1113 is configured to: read and execute a program in the memory, to implement a baseband processing function and control the base station. If there are a plurality of boards, the boards may be interconnected with each other, to enhance a processing capability. In an optional implementation, a plurality of boards may share one or more processors, a plurality of boards may share one or more memories, or a plurality of boards may simultaneously share one or more processors.
  • the transceiver 1120 includes an antenna 1121 and a radio frequency circuit 1122.
  • the radio frequency circuit 1122 is mainly configured to perform radio frequency processing.
  • a device configured to implement a receiving function in the transceiver 1120 may be considered as a receiving unit, and a device configured to implement a sending function may be considered as a sending unit.
  • the transceiver includes the receiving unit and the sending unit.
  • the receiving unit may also be referred to as a receiving machine, a receiver, a receiving circuit, or the like.
  • the sending unit may be referred to as a transmitter machine, a transmitter, a transmitting circuit, or the like.
  • the transceiver 1120 may include one or more communication apparatuses in this application.
  • the disclosed system and apparatus may be implemented in other manners.
  • the foregoing apparatus embodiments are merely examples.
  • division of the units is merely logical function division and may be other division during actual implementation.
  • a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces.
  • the indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electrical, mechanical, or another form.
  • the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on actual requirements to achieve the objective of the solutions of embodiments.

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US7430397B2 (en) * 2003-12-05 2008-09-30 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Radio repeater and radio relay transmission method
CN105206898B (zh) * 2012-07-04 2018-11-30 华为技术有限公司 微波通信设备和微波通信系统
US9705561B2 (en) * 2015-04-24 2017-07-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Directional coupling device and methods for use therewith
CN104966860B (zh) * 2015-07-02 2017-12-08 南京肯微弗通信技术有限公司 一种组装式正交模转换器‑滤波器组件
WO2017120143A1 (fr) * 2016-01-04 2017-07-13 Zte Corporation Architecture radio numérique hyperfréquence intelligente parfaitement intégrée
CN207800863U (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-08-31 江苏贝孚德通讯科技股份有限公司 双极化微波耦合器、双极化双备份微波传输系统
CN108923805B (zh) * 2018-06-21 2019-09-27 江苏海湾电气科技有限公司 一种抗干扰航行警告接收机系统

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