EP4252283A1 - Réglage de la largeur de champ de cellules dans un élément photovoltaïque - Google Patents

Réglage de la largeur de champ de cellules dans un élément photovoltaïque

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Publication number
EP4252283A1
EP4252283A1 EP21827585.7A EP21827585A EP4252283A1 EP 4252283 A1 EP4252283 A1 EP 4252283A1 EP 21827585 A EP21827585 A EP 21827585A EP 4252283 A1 EP4252283 A1 EP 4252283A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
cells
photovoltaic element
busbar
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21827585.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin PFEIFFER-JACOB
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heliatek GmbH
Original Assignee
Heliatek GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heliatek GmbH filed Critical Heliatek GmbH
Publication of EP4252283A1 publication Critical patent/EP4252283A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
    • H10K39/10—Organic photovoltaic [PV] modules; Arrays of single organic PV cells
    • H10K39/12—Electrical configurations of PV cells, e.g. series connections or parallel connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80—Constructional details
    • H10K30/88—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
    • H10K39/10—Organic photovoltaic [PV] modules; Arrays of single organic PV cells
    • H10K39/18—Interconnections, e.g. terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02002—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations
    • H01L31/02005—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02008—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules
    • H01L31/02013—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules comprising output lead wires elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80—Constructional details
    • H10K30/81—Electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photovoltaic element with a number n of cells arranged on a substrate from a first cell to an nth cell, the cells each having a base electrode, a cover electrode and a layer system with at least one photoactive layer, the layer system between the base electrode and the cover electrode is arranged, and the cells are connected to one another in series, the photovoltaic element having at least one busbar which is connected to the first cell and/or the nth cell by means of an electrically conductive contact.
  • Optoelectronics consists of the fields of optics and semiconductor electronics. In particular, it includes systems and processes that enable the conversion of electronically generated energy into light emissions or convert light emissions into energy.
  • Optoelectronic components in particular photovoltaic elements, for example organic photovoltaic elements (organic photovoltaics, OPVs), and organic light-emitting diodes (organic light emitting diodes, OLEDs), generate electrical energy or convert electrical energy into light emissions, which are used for further applications in the optoelectronic Component must be brought out or brought in.
  • the electrical current is usually discharged via busbars, so-called busbars, which are attached to the edge of an electrode.
  • junction boxes are arranged on the photovoltaic element in the area of the busbars.
  • Organic photovoltaic elements consist of a series of thin layers with at least one photoactive layer, which are preferably vacuum-deposited or processed from a solution.
  • the electrical connection can be made by metal layers, transparent conductive oxides and/or transparent conductive polymers.
  • the vacuum evaporation of the organic layers is particular advantageous in the production of multi-layer solar cells, in particular tandem or triple cells.
  • Photovoltaic elements have a layered structure with layers.
  • the layer structure usually includes electrode layers, in particular made of an electrically conductive transparent material, a transparent conductive metal oxide (TCO—transparent conductive oxide), one or more photoactive layers, and an electrode layer.
  • TCO transparent conductive metal oxide
  • both electrodes can also be metallic.
  • a possible structure of the layer system of a photovoltaic element is described in WO2004083958A2 and WO2011138021A2.
  • Organic photovoltaic elements can be produced, for example, by evaporating the materials, by printing polymers, or by processing from liquids.
  • the basic structure of organic photovoltaic elements is described in WO2004083958 and in WO2011138021.
  • Organic photovoltaic elements are structured using laser processes. These methods are used in particular for connecting individual photovoltaic cells on an optoelectronic component and for electrically separating photovoltaic cells. Due to a limited conductivity of the layer systems and to adapt the output voltages and currents of photovoltaic elements, the photovoltaic element, ie the layer system of the photovoltaic element, is usually subdivided into cells arranged next to one another and connected in series with one another. The width of such cells is usually in the range from about a few millimeters to centimeters.
  • the common solution for solar cells, in particular organic solar cells, which are particularly critical with regard to mechanical and chemical damage, is to connect the busbars to the respective cell over the entire width or at least with through-plating points at a short distance.
  • EP 2033228 B1 discloses a solar cell with contact on one side, consisting of at least one absorber layer structured with vias and an emitter layer made of semiconductor materials arranged over the whole area on one side of the absorber layer, excess charge carriers in the absorber layer being electrically contacted from the outside via two mutually arranged on one side of the absorber layer and mutually isolated contact systems are collected and derived.
  • EP 2466 640 A2 discloses a thin-film photovoltaic module which is divided by dividing lines, which cut through at least one layer of a layer structure of the thin-film photovoltaic module, into a multiplicity of photovoltaic cells arranged on a substrate and integrated electrically in series, with at least two of the dividing lines not being parallel to one another converge, at least some of the dividing lines are part of a series connection strip which connects two adjacent photovoltaic cells in series, and at least one of the dividing lines cuts through all layers of the thin-film photovoltaic module and insulates two adjacent photovoltaic cells from one another.
  • DE 202007010 590 U1 discloses a solar module with a large number of individual interconnected solar cells with the same area, transparent or translucent areas being provided between the solar cells, and at least two different formats of solar cells being provided.
  • the current received by a cell of a photovoltaic element is proportional to the area of ⁇ u200b ⁇ u200bthe cell, a partially damaged or not fully functional cell will deliver a lower current, whereas in cells connected in series, the cell with the lowest current, especially the smallest area, will supply the current of the photovoltaic item determined.
  • the electrical connection between the first or last cell within a module made up of cells connected in series with the respective busbar is particularly problematic. On the one hand, the connection often leads to local damage in the photoactive layer system, for example due to mechanical stress when pressing on a metal-particle-containing, conductive pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) and/or due to chemical damage when using conductive adhesives.
  • PSA conductive pressure-sensitive adhesive
  • the electrical connection between the cells, which are to be protected as hermetically as possible from moisture and atmospheric oxygen, and the busbar, which is typically located outside the encapsulated zone, is critical against moisture penetration and atmospheric oxygen.
  • the disadvantage of the prior art is therefore that the cell under the busbar is photovoltaically completely or at least largely inactive, ie does not contribute to the efficiency of the module. This leads to a significant loss of efficiency, especially when relatively wide busbars are required, for example more than 1 cm, as is the case when the current is to be transported away from a very long module.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a photovoltaic element in which the disadvantages mentioned do not occur or are at least reduced, and in which in particular the harmful influence of a busbar on a cell with such a busbar is minimized, with a photovoltaic element having better efficiency and/or an increased lifetime is obtained.
  • the object is achieved in particular by providing a photovoltaic element with a number n of cells arranged on a substrate from a first cell to an nth cell, the cells each having a base electrode, a cover electrode and a Have a layer system with at least one photoactive layer, the layer system being arranged between the base electrode and the cover electrode, and the cells being connected to one another in series, the photovoltaic element having at least one busbar connected to the first cell and/or the nth cell is connected by means of an electrically conductive contact.
  • the electrically conductive contacting of the at least one busbar with the top electrode of the first cell and/or the top electrode of the nth cell is formed by means of via points arranged at specific distances A from one another in the longitudinal direction of the busbar, preferably at periodic distances, with areas between the individual through-connection points between the top electrode and the at least one busbar no electrically conductive contact is formed, and a region surrounding the through-connection points in a radius with a diameter of less than A/2, preferably less than A/4, is not photoactive or at least less photoactive.
  • the first cell and/or the nth cell are electrically conductively connected to the at least one busbar via the through-plating points, so-called vias.
  • the electrically conductive contacting of the at least one busbar with the first cell or the nth cell is not continuous, but at the through-plating points at a specific distance A from each other.
  • the at least one busbar is preferably not electrically conductively connected to the cover electrode over the entire length of the cell.
  • the photoactive area of the first cell and/or the nth cell under the at least one busbar is sufficiently large compared to cells 2 to n-1 to ensure that a photocurrent generation of the first cell and/or the nth cell under the at least one busbar is at least as large as for the other cells of the serial connection of the photovoltaic element, the width of the first cell and/or the nth cell under the at least one busbar preferably being im Compared to the cells 2 to n-1 is enlarged.
  • the first cell and/or nth cell is therefore preferably somewhat higher in terms of efficiency before aging due to an increased area, in particular due to an increased width, in comparison to cells 2 to n-1, so that it is ensured that the cell in question does not become the current-limiting cell within the cells of the photovoltaic element connected in series, even if moisture penetration in the first cell and/or the nth cell under a busbar leads to accelerated degradation of this cell.
  • the base electrode, the layer system and the cover electrode are laser-structured.
  • the individual cells of the photovoltaic element are connected to one another in series by means of laser structuring.
  • the cover electrode and/or the base electrode comprises silver or a silver alloy, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, gold or a gold alloy, or a combination of these materials, a conductive oxide, in particular ITO, ZnO, ZnO:Al, SnÜ2 or another TCO (transparent conductive oxide), a conductive polymer, in particular PEDOT/PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) or PANI (polyaniline).
  • the cover electrode and/or the base electrode can be a metal network - Have nanowires or metal nanoparticles, the metal preferably being silver, copper or gold.
  • the base electrode is arranged on a substrate, in particular a foil.
  • a photovoltaic element is understood to mean, in particular, a photovoltaic cell, in particular a solar cell.
  • the photovoltaic element is preferably made up of a plurality of photovoltaic cells which can be connected in series or in parallel.
  • the multiple photovoltaic cells can be arranged and/or connected in different ways in the photovoltaic element.
  • the at least one via point is in the form of a point, line or grid.
  • the via location comprises a multiplicity of smaller via locations, preferably a pattern of circles or rectangles, over an area of less than one cm 2 . This is particularly advantageous if a contact resistance of the via point does not scale with the area but with the total length of the edges.
  • via points are formed at a distance of at least 2 cm, preferably at least 5 cm, preferably at least 10 cm, or preferably at least 20 cm between the first and/or nth cell and the at least one busbar.
  • a busbar is understood in particular to mean an arrangement which is electrically conductively connected for electrical contacting as a central distributor of electrical energy to incoming and outgoing lines, preferably with at least one base electrode and/or at least one cover electrode.
  • the at least one busbar is at least partially electrically conductively contacted to the base electrode or the cover electrode.
  • the busbar is designed in particular as a planar strip, strip, plate or as a metal layer.
  • the at least one busbar has a layer thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 100 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m , or preferably from 20 pm to 40 pm.
  • the at least one busbar is formed from a metal or an alloy thereof, preferably from copper and tin.
  • An organic photovoltaic element is understood to mean in particular a photovoltaic element with at least one organic photoactive layer, in particular a polymeric organic photovoltaic element or an organic photovoltaic element based on small molecules.
  • Form the photoactive layers in particular acceptor-donor systems, and can comprise several individual layers or mixed layers.
  • Small molecules are understood to mean, in particular, non-polymeric organic molecules with monodisperse molar masses between 100 and 2000 g/mol, which are present in the solid phase under standard pressure (air pressure of the atmosphere surrounding us) and at room temperature.
  • the small molecules are photoactive, photoactive meaning that the molecules change their charge state and/or their polarization state when exposed to light.
  • Advantages of these absorber materials based on small molecules are vaporization in a vacuum.
  • the at least one photoactive layer of the layer system comprises small molecules which can be evaporated in a vacuum.
  • at least one photoactive layer of the layer system is vapor-deposited in a vacuum.
  • an area of the first cell and/or the nth cell is respectively larger than an area of cells 2 to n-1.
  • the at least one busbar is electrically conductively contacted with that electrode of the cells that has the higher surface conductivity, the surface resistance of the more conductive electrode being less than 10 ohms per square, preferably less than 1 ohm per square, or preferably 0.1 ohms per square.
  • the top electrode of the cell is the higher electrically conductive electrode and the bottom electrode of the cell is the lower electrically conductive electrode, with the lower electrically conductive electrode preferably having a sheet resistance of less than 10 ohms per square, preferably less than 1 ohm per square.
  • the photovoltaic element has at least one cell with at least one photoactive layer, in particular a CIS, CIGS, GaAs, or Si cell, a perovskite cell or an organic photovoltaic element (OPV), a so-called organic solar cell.
  • a photoactive layer in particular a CIS, CIGS, GaAs, or Si cell, a perovskite cell or an organic photovoltaic element (OPV), a so-called organic solar cell.
  • the photovoltaic element has a layer system with at least two photoactive layers, with the photovoltaic element being a tandem cell, preferably a layer system with at least three photoactive layers, with the photovoltaic element being a triple cell.
  • the at least one busbar is arranged in the longitudinal direction L of one cell.
  • a longitudinal direction L of a cell is understood to mean, in particular, a direction of a cell of a photovoltaic element with its longest extension.
  • a plurality of cells arranged next to one another on a substrate of a photovoltaic element are preferably connected to one another in series.
  • the photovoltaic element according to the invention has advantages compared to the prior art.
  • damage to the first and/or nth cell with the at least one busbar in particular a resulting loss of functional area, is compensated for by the greater extent of the first and/or nth cell.
  • a sufficiently functional surface of the first cell and/or nth cell with the busbar is advantageously retained.
  • the first cell and/or the nth cell with the at least one busbar can continue to generate at least as much photocurrent as the other cells over a longer service life.
  • Structuring line and / or dividing lines further damage to a cell at least partially prevented.
  • the number of vias or the total area of the Reduced vias that allow moisture to enter the cell is retained, particularly when the aging of the photovoltaic element is more pronounced.
  • the efficiency of a photovoltaic element can be improved.
  • the service life of photovoltaic elements is increased.
  • each of the n-cells has a specific width B and a specific length L, with the first cell and/or the nth cell having a greater width B compared to cells 2 to n -1 and the n-cells each have the same length L, the n-cells preferably being arranged lengthwise from the first cell to the nth cell alongside one another, and/or an area of the cells 2 to n-1 being the same as one another is large, so that the photocurrent generation of the first cell and/or the nth cell with homogeneous illumination from a side of the photovoltaic element facing away from the at least one busbar is at least as large as compared to cells 2 to n-1, preferably by at least 5% greater, preferably at least 10% greater, or preferably at least 20% greater.
  • the photocurrent generation of the cells preferably relates to a point in time before the cells begin to age, ie aging as a result of mechanical stress, contact with atmospheric oxygen, contact with moisture and
  • the cells 2 to n-1 have the same width and the same length.
  • a protective layer preferably a protective film, with a mechanical protective function, a Oxygen barrier function and / or a moisture barrier function is arranged, which is at least partially broken in the vicinity of the via points.
  • the at least one protective layer forms an encapsulation of the photovoltaic element.
  • a protective layer is understood to mean, in particular, a barrier layer to prevent the permeability of external influences, in particular atmospheric oxygen and/or moisture, a protective layer to increase mechanical resistance, in particular scratch resistance, and/or a filter layer, preferably a layer with a UV filter .
  • the at least one protective layer has a layer thickness of 250 nm to 500 ⁇ m, preferably from 250 nm to 100 ⁇ m, preferably from 250 nm to 100 ⁇ m, or preferably from 100 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, preferably from 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m pm, preferably from 10 pm to 50 pm, or preferably from 20 pm to 40 pm.
  • the protective layer is a SiOCH layer between the cell and the busbar, the via point between the cell and the busbar being formed through the SiOCH layer.
  • the length of the cells is at least twice the width of the cells, preferably at least five times as large, preferably at least 10 times as large, preferably at least 20 times as large, preferably at least 50 times as large, preferably at least 100 times as large, or preferably at least 1000 times as large.
  • the optoelectronic component is contacted from the intended side remote from the sun with the at least one busbar by means of the electrically conductive contact.
  • a side of the photovoltaic element facing away from the sun is understood to mean a rear side of the photovoltaic element which is not intended to be on a side facing incident light.
  • a front side understood of the photovoltaic element which is intended to be on a side facing a light incidence.
  • the first cell has a smaller width B compared to cells 2 to n and the n-cells each have the same length L, with the first cell preferably being at least largely not photoactive or electrically bridged .
  • the ratio of width to length of a cell is 1:10 to 1:1000, preferably 1:10 to 1:500, preferably 1:10 to 1:300, preferably 1:10 to 1:100, preferably 1 in 100 to 1 in 1000, preferably 1 in 100 to 1 in 500, or preferably 1 in 100 to 1 in 300.
  • the cells on the substrate are arranged at least largely parallel to one another.
  • the via points have a cross-sectional area of 0.1 to 100 mm 2 , preferably 0.1 to 25 mm 2 , preferably 0.2 to 10 mm 2 , preferably 0.2 to 1 mm 2 , preferably from 1 to 2 mm 2 , or preferably from 1 to 1.5 mm 2 .
  • the via points are formed at a distance of at least 1 cm from one another in the longitudinal direction of the busbar, preferably at a distance of at least 2 cm from one another, preferably at a distance of at least 5 cm from one another, preferably at a distance of at least 10 cm from each other, or preferably at a distance of at least 20 cm from each other.
  • the width B of the cells is 2 to n-10.5 cm to 5 cm, preferably 1 cm to 5 cm, and/or a length L of the cells 1 to n 10 cm to 20 m is, preferably 20 cm to 10 m, or preferably 50 cm to 5 m.
  • the width B of the first cell and/or the nth cell is increased by at least 5%, preferably by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, compared to cells 2 to n-1 %, or preferably by at least 25%, so that the photocurrent generation of the first cell and/or the nth cell with homogeneous illumination from a side of the photovoltaic element facing away from the at least one busbar is greater compared to cells 2 to n-1 , preferably by at least 5%, preferably by at least 10%, or preferably by at least 20%.
  • either the base electrode or the top electrode in the vicinity of the through-plating points is separated by a closed structuring line, preferably a circular or rectangular structuring line, from the respective electrode in the rest of the layer system of the first cell and/or the n- th cell is separated in an electrically conductive manner, so that shunt current paths that occur between the base contact and the top contact in the vicinity of the through-contacting points do not lead to a short circuit for the corresponding first cell and/or n-th cell.
  • a closed structuring line preferably a circular or rectangular structuring line
  • either the base electrode or the cover electrode is electrically conductively separated from the respective other electrode in the area of the through-plating points by means of the structuring lines.
  • either the base electrode or the top electrode in the vicinity of the via points is separated by a closed structuring line, preferably a circular or rectangular structuring line, from the respective electrode in the rest of the layer system of the first cell and/or the nth cell electrically conductive separated, so that occurring shunt current paths between the The ground electrode and the top electrode in the vicinity of the via points does not lead to a short circuit for the first cell and/or the nth cell.
  • a closed structuring line preferably a circular or rectangular structuring line
  • a structuring line is understood in particular as a surface curve through which an electrical separation of the layer system from the base electrode or the cover electrode between the respective electrode in the vicinity of the via point and the respective electrode outside the vicinity of the
  • Structuring line is formed in the horizontal direction to the layer system around the entire circumference of the via points with the area surrounding the via points, and in the vertical direction to the layer system through exactly one of the base electrode or the top electrode, preferably additionally completely or at least partially through the layer system.
  • the surface curve appears as a line or curve.
  • the structuring lines are formed in particular by means of laser ablation.
  • the vicinity of the via points does not have a layer system with a photoactive layer or at least no layer system with a complete photoactive layer; the via points preferably do not have a layer system with a photoactive layer.
  • Via points additionally has a dividing line which at least partially prevents diffusion of moisture which has penetrated at the via points into the layer system outside the area around the via points.
  • the separating lines are preferably formed by means of laser ablation, with the separating line 25 preferably being spatial either with the structuring line 23 in the base electrode 5 or in the cover electrode 7 coincides or is located within the area delimited by the structuring line 23 .
  • a dividing line is understood in particular as a spatial separation of the layer system from the via points with the area around the via points within the boundary of a structuring line, the dividing line in the horizontal direction to the layer system around the entire circumference of the via points with the area around the
  • Via points is formed, and is formed in the vertical direction to the layer system through the entire layer system or at least partially through the layer system, wherein at least one of the electrodes or both electrodes of the layer system is at least largely retained.
  • the dividing lines are formed in particular by means of laser ablation.
  • Photovoltaic cells are divided into single, tandem or multiple cells depending on the number of photoactive layer systems, which are formed by transport and other layers in the layer structure between the two base and top contacts. Tandem and multiple cells consist of at least two sub-cells that are arranged one above the other between the electrodes, with each sub-cell comprising at least one photoactive layer system.
  • the layer system has at least two photoactive layers, with the photovoltaic cell being a tandem cell, preferably at least three photoactive layers, with the photovoltaic cell being a triple cell.
  • the layer system additionally has at least one charge carrier transport layer, the at least one charge carrier transport layer being arranged between the base electrode or the cover electrode and a photoactive layer, preferably at least a first charge carrier transport layer and a second charge carrier transport layer, the first
  • Charge carrier transport layer between the base electrode and the at least one photoactive layer is arranged, and wherein the second charge carrier transport layer is arranged between the at least one photoactive layer and the top electrode.
  • the photovoltaic element has at least one inactive area, i.e. an area in which a layer system, in particular a photoactive layer, is present, but this is switched to inactive, in particular by means of appropriate laser structuring, the first cell is preferably inactive switched.
  • the first cell of the photovoltaic element is switched to be inactive or is not connected in series with the other cells 2 to n.
  • the photovoltaic element is a photovoltaic thin-film element, preferably an organic photovoltaic thin-film element and/or a flexible photovoltaic thin-film element, the photovoltaic thin-film element preferably having at least one photoactive layer of small molecules as absorber material.
  • the photovoltaic element is an organic photovoltaic element, preferably a flexible organic photovoltaic element, with at least one photoactive layer of the organic photovoltaic element preferably having small molecules as absorber material.
  • a flexible photovoltaic element is understood to mean, in particular, a photovoltaic element that can be bent and/or stretched in a specific area.
  • the photovoltaic element has at least one first busbar and one second busbar, the first busbar being connected to the first cell by means of a first electrically conductive contact and the second busbar is electrically conductively connected to the nth cell by means of a second electrically conductive contact.
  • the photovoltaic element has a junction box, the at least one busbar being electrically conductively connected to the junction box.
  • a junction box is understood to mean, in particular, an element for connecting the photovoltaic element to an external electrical circuit.
  • the first busbar and the second busbar are electrically conductively connected to the junction box.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a structure of a layer system of a cell of a photovoltaic element in a side view
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic element with a plurality of cells connected in series with an electrically conductive contact, in a side view;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic element with a plurality of cells connected in series with an electrically conductive contact with through-connection points arranged at a distance A from one another, in a plan view;
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic element with a plurality of cells connected in series with an electrically conductive contact with through-connection points arranged at a distance A from one another, in a top view;
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic element with a plurality of cells connected in series with an electrically conductive contact with through-connection points arranged at a distance A from one another, in a plan view.
  • exemplary embodiments 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a structure of a cell 3 of a layer system 9 of a photovoltaic element 1 in a side view.
  • the photovoltaic element 1 consists of cells 3 from a sequence of thin layers with a photoactive layer 10, which are preferably vacuum-deposited or processed from a solution.
  • the electrical connection, ie contacting, takes place through metal layers, transparent conductive oxides and/or transparent conductive polymers.
  • a structure of such a cell 3 with a layer system 9 is shown in FIG.
  • the cells 3 of the photovoltaic element 1 have a base electrode 5 arranged on a substrate 27, for example made of glass, in particular a transparent base electrode 5, for example made of ITO.
  • the layer system 9 is then formed with a charge transport layer 20 with fullerene Oeo, a photoactive layer 10 with at least one absorber material and fullerene Oeo, and a charge transport layer 22 made of Di-NPB and NDP9.
  • a cover electrode 7 made of gold is arranged thereon.
  • the layer system 9 and/or the electrodes 5.7 are laser-structured.
  • the layer system 9 can further
  • Size ratios of the cells 3, the layers of the layer system 9 and the substrate 27 are not shown to scale.
  • the structuring of the individual layers and the electrodes can, for example, by means of laser ablation, electron or
  • structuring required. Furthermore, structuring lines occur, which include the complete cell 3 from the electrodes 5.7 and the layer system 9 (P4 structuring).
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a photovoltaic element 1 with a plurality of cells 3 connected in series with an electrically conductive contact in a side view. Elements that are the same and have the same function are provided with the same reference symbols, so that reference is made to the previous description.
  • the photovoltaic element 1 in this exemplary embodiment is a photovoltaic element 1 with thin-film technology.
  • the photovoltaic element 1 has a number n of cells 3 arranged on a substrate 27, from a first cell 3 to an nth cell 3, the cells 3 each having a base electrode 5, a top electrode 7 and a layer system 9 with at least one photoactive Have layer 10, wherein the layer system 9 is arranged between the base electrode 5 and the cover electrode 7, and the cells 3 are connected to one another in series.
  • the photovoltaic element 1 has at least one busbar 11 which is connected to the first cell 3 and/or the nth cell 3 by means of an electrically conductive contact 13 .
  • the electrically conductive contacting 13 of the at least one busbar 11 is preferably formed with the cover electrode 7 of the first cell 3 and/or the cover electrode 7 of the nth cell 3 by means of via points 17 arranged at specific distances A 15 from one another in the longitudinal direction of the busbar 11 at periodic intervals 15. No electrically conductive contact is formed in areas between the individual through-connection points 17 between the top electrode 7 and the at least one busbar 11. An area 19 surrounding the via points 17 is not photoactive or is at least less photoactive in a perimeter with a diameter of less than ⁇ /2, preferably less than ⁇ /4.
  • the base electrode 5, the cover electrode 7 and the layer system 9 are laser-structured to form the cells 3 and to connect the cells 3 in series.
  • 11 is made of aluminum or tin and copper.
  • a protective layer 21 preferably a protective film, with a mechanical protective function an oxygen barrier function and/or a moisture barrier function, which is at least partially broken in the vicinity 19 of the via points 17 .
  • the cell 3 arranged on the left which corresponds to the first cell 3, has a smaller width B compared to the other cells 3 (2 to n) that the cell arranged on the right has
  • the nth cell 3 corresponding to the nth cell 3 has a larger width B compared to the other cells (1 to n-1), and the middle cells 3 (2 to n-1) each have an equal width B.
  • the area of the first cell 3 of the photovoltaic element 1 is the smallest and the area of the nth cell 3 of the photovoltaic element 1 is the largest, given the same length of the cells 3 in each case.
  • the first cell 3 is not integrated into the series connection, so the first cell 3 does not contribute to a photovoltage, so that its area can be minimized.
  • the layer system 9 has a photoactive layer 9; alternatively, the layer system can also have two, three or four photoactive layers 10.
  • the first cell 3 of the photovoltaic element 1 has a width B that is smaller than the width of the cells 32 to n-1 and is therefore switched inactive, in particular by means of appropriate laser structuring, or not in series with the other cells 32 to n connected.
  • the first cell 3 with a smaller area does not limit the output of the entire photovoltaic element 1.
  • the first cell 3 has a greater width B compared to the cells 32 to n-1, in particular a width B, which corresponds to the width B of the nth cell 3 and is active switched and connected in series with the other cells 32 to n. In this configuration, the larger area of the first cell 3 compared to the cells 32 to n does not limit the performance of the entire photovoltaic element 1.
  • each of the n cells 3 has a specific width B and a specific length L, with the first cell 3 and/or the nth cell 3 having a greater width B compared to the cells 32 to n -1 and the n-cells 3 each have the same length L, the n-cells 3 preferably being arranged alongside one another from the first cell 3 to the nth cell 3, and/or is a surface of the cells 32 to n-1 are the same as each other, so that the photocurrent generation of the first cell 3 and/or the nth cell 3 with homogeneous illumination from a side of the photovoltaic element 1 facing away from the at least one busbar 11 is at least the same in comparison to the cells 32 to n-1, preferably at least 5% greater, preferably at least 10% greater, or preferably at least 20% greater.
  • the first cell 3 has a smaller width B compared to the cells 32 to n and the n-cells 3 each have the same length L, with the first cell 3 preferably being at least largely not photoactive or electrically bridged .
  • the first cell 3 is preferably not included in the series connection, or the first cell 3 is electrically bridged and therefore does not have a current-limiting effect in relation to the series connection.
  • the first cell 3 is not a complete cell but comprises a base electrode 5 or a cover electrode 7, in particular that of the base electrode 5 and the cover electrode 7 which has the higher surface conductivity.
  • the busbar 11 on the first cell 3 is wider than the first cell 3, so that the busbar 11 lies partially over the second cell 3, but is electrically conductively separated from the second cell 3 by means of the protective layer 21 .
  • Via points 17 are formed at a distance 15 of at least 1 cm from one another in the longitudinal direction of the busbar 11, preferably at a distance 15 of at least 2 cm from one another, preferably at least 5 cm from one another, preferably at least 10 cm from one another, or preferably at least 20 cm from one another .
  • the width B of the cells is 32 to n-10.5 cm to 5 cm, preferably 1 cm to 5 cm, and/or a length L of the cells 31 to n is 10 cm to 20 m, preferably 50 cm to 20 m, and/or the width B of the first cell 3 and/or the nth cell 3 is increased by at least 5%, preferably by at least 10%, preferably by at least 5% compared to the cells 32 to n-1 at least 20%, or preferably by at least 25%, so that the photocurrent generation of the first cell 3 and/or the nth cell 3 with homogeneous illumination from a side of the photovoltaic element 1 facing away from the at least one busbar 11 compared to the cells 32 to n-1 is greater, preferably by at least 5%, preferably by at least 10%, or preferably by at least 20%.
  • either the base electrode or the cover electrode is in the vicinity 19 of the via points 17, in each case by a closed structuring line 23, preferably a circular or rectangular structuring line 23, from the respective electrode 5.7 in the rest of the layer system of the first cell 3 and/or the nth cell 3 electrically conductively separated, so that shunt current paths that occur between the base contact 5 and the top contact 7 in the area 19 of the through-contacting points 17 do not result in a short circuit for the corresponding first cell 3 and/or nth cell 3 .
  • the layer system 9 is also completely or at least partially interrupted in a region of the structuring line 23 in addition to the base electrode 5 or the top electrode 7, so that diffusion, in particular lateral diffusion in the area 19 of the via points 17 of moisture and /or prevent or at least reduce atmospheric oxygen.
  • the surroundings 19 of the via points 17 each have no layer system 9 with a photoactive layer 10 or at least no layer system 9 with a complete photoactive layer 10; the via points 17 preferably have no layer system 9 with a photoactive layer 10.
  • the layer system 9 of the cells 3 also has a separating line 25 in the vicinity 19 of the through-connection points 17 in an area around the through-connection points 17, which prevents moisture that has penetrated at the through-connection points 17 from diffusing into the layer system 9 outside of the Environment 19 of the via points 17 at least partially prevented. This at least partially prevents further damage to a cell.
  • the separating line 25 can coincide with the structuring line 23 in the base electrode 5 or the cover electrode 7 or be located within the area delimited by the structuring line 23 , in particular having a smaller diameter compared to the structuring line 23 .
  • the photovoltaic element 1 is a photovoltaic thin-film element, preferably an organic photovoltaic thin-film element and/or a flexible one Thin-film photovoltaic element, wherein the thin-film photovoltaic element preferably has at least one photoactive layer 10 made of small molecules as absorber material.
  • the electrically conductive contact with the at least one via point 17 between the cover electrode 7 of the cell 3 and the at least one busbar 11 can be produced as follows:
  • the insulating layer 21, which is preferably made of SiOCH, is removed in some areas by scratching or lasering the layer 21 and then electrically conductively connected by subsequently applying a drop of conductive adhesive, for example adhesive containing silver.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a photovoltaic element 1 with several series connected Cells 3 with an electrically conductive contact 13 with through-connection points 17 arranged at a distance A from one another, in a plan view.
  • Elements that are the same and have the same function are provided with the same reference symbols, so that reference is made to the previous description.
  • the cells 31 to n-1 have a smaller width B (B1 to Bn-1) compared to the width B of the cell n (Bn).
  • the length L of the cells 3 is the same in each case.
  • the length L of the cells 3 is greater than the width B of the cells 3.
  • the photovoltaic element 1 in this exemplary embodiment is a photovoltaic element 1 with thin-film technology.
  • the area of the cells 32 to n-1 connected in series in the transverse direction Q is the same, the area of the nth cell 3 is larger compared to the other cells 3.
  • On the first cell 3 and on the nth cell 3 is a busbar 11 arranged.
  • the busbar 11 on the nth cell 3 has three via points 17 which are formed at a distance A from one another in the longitudinal direction of the busbar 11, as a result of which an electrically conductive contact 13 to the top electrode 7 of the nth cell 3 is formed.
  • an environment 19 around the via points 17 there is in each case a region with a reduced photocurrent generation.
  • the first cell 3 is inactive or at least largely inactive, in particular because it is covered by the busbar 11, or is switched to inactive at a width B that is less than the width of the cells 32 to n-1 and n.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic element 1 with an electrically conductive contact 13 with via points 17 arranged at a distance A from one another, in a top view.
  • Cells 31 to n-1 have a smaller width B (Bi to B ni ) compared to the width B of cell n (B n ), and cell 31 has a smaller width B (Bi) compared to the width B (B2 to B ni ) of cells 32 to n-1.
  • the length L of the cells 3 is the same in each case.
  • a busbar 11 is arranged in each case on the first cell 3 and on the nth cell 3 .
  • the busbar 11 on the nth cell 3 has three via points 17 which are formed at a distance A from one another in the longitudinal direction of the busbar 11, as a result of which an electrically conductive contact 13 to the top electrode 7 of the nth cell 3 is formed.
  • an environment 19 around the via points 17 there is in each case a region with a reduced photocurrent generation.
  • Neighborhood 19 of via locations 17 is shown in neighborhood 19A around via location 17 with reduced photocurrent generation before degradation and in neighborhood 19B around via locations 17 with reduced photocurrent generation after degradation.
  • the first cell 3 is inactive or at least largely inactive, in particular because it is covered by the busbar 11, or is switched to inactive at a width B that is less than the width of the cells 32 to n-1 and n.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic element 1 with a plurality of cells 3 connected in series with an electrically conductive contact 13 with through-connection points 17 arranged at a distance A from one another, in a plan view.
  • Elements that are the same and have the same function are provided with the same reference symbols, so that reference is made to the previous description.
  • Cells 31 to n-1 have a smaller width B (Bi to B ni ) compared to the width B of cell n (B n ).
  • the width B of cells 1 to n-1 (Bi to B ni ) is the same.
  • the length L of the cells 3 is the same in each case.
  • the length L of the cells 3 is greater than that Width B of the cells 3.
  • the photovoltaic element 1 in this exemplary embodiment is a photovoltaic element 1 with thin-film technology.
  • a structuring line 21 is formed closed around each of the through-contacting points 17 and the surroundings 19 of the through-contacting points 17, which separates the base contact 5 or the cover contact 7 in the vicinity 19 of the through-contacting points from the rest of the surface of the cell 3, so that the base contact 5 or the cover contact 7 is electrically insulated from the rest of the cell 3 surface.
  • the first cell 3 is inactive or at least largely inactive, in particular because it is covered by the busbar 11, or is switched to inactive at a width B that is less than the width of the cells 32 to n-1 and n.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément photovoltaïque (1) qui comprend un nombre n de cellules (3) disposées sur un substrat (27), d'une première cellule (3) à une nième cellule (3), ces cellules (3) comprenant respectivement une électrode de base (5), une électrode de recouvrement (7) et un système de couches (9) qui comprend au moins une couche photoactive (10), ce système de couches (9) étant disposé entre l'électrode de base (5) et l'électrode de recouvrement (7), les cellules (3) étant interconnectées en série, et l'élément photovoltaïque (1) comportant au moins une barre omnibus (11) qui est reliée à la première cellule (3) et/ou à la nième cellule (3) au moyen d'une mise en contact (13) électroconductrice. La mise en contact (13) électroconductrice de la ou des barres omnibus (11) avec l'électrode de recouvrement (7) de la première cellule (3) et/ou avec l'électrode de recouvrement (7) de la nième cellule (3) est réalisée au moyen de trous d'interconnexion (17) disposés respectivement à des distances spécifiques A (15) les uns des autres dans la direction longitudinale de la barre omnibus (11), de préférence à des distances périodiques (15). Dans les zones entre les trous d'interconnexion (17) individuels, aucune mise en contact (13) électroconductrice n'est formée entre l'électrode de recouvrement (7) et la ou les barres omnibus (11), et une zone environnante (19) autour des trous d'interconnexion (17), dans un cercle circonscrit dont le diamètre est inférieur à A/2, de préférence inférieur à A/4, n'est pas photoactive ou présente une photoactivité au moins réduite.
EP21827585.7A 2020-11-30 2021-11-30 Réglage de la largeur de champ de cellules dans un élément photovoltaïque Pending EP4252283A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020131742.5A DE102020131742A1 (de) 2020-11-30 2020-11-30 Feldbreitenanpassung von Zellen in einem photovoltaischen Element
PCT/DE2021/100949 WO2022111765A1 (fr) 2020-11-30 2021-11-30 Réglage de la largeur de champ de cellules dans un élément photovoltaïque

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4252283A1 true EP4252283A1 (fr) 2023-10-04

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EP21827585.7A Pending EP4252283A1 (fr) 2020-11-30 2021-11-30 Réglage de la largeur de champ de cellules dans un élément photovoltaïque

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4252283A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2023550836A (fr)
KR (1) KR20230109656A (fr)
CN (1) CN116530231A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020131742A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022111765A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4225576A1 (de) * 1992-08-03 1994-02-10 Abb Patent Gmbh Photoelektrochemische Zelle
WO2004083958A2 (fr) 2003-03-19 2004-09-30 Technische Universität Dresden Composant photo-actif presentant des couches organiques
DE102006027737A1 (de) 2006-06-10 2007-12-20 Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin Gmbh Einseitig kontaktierte Solarzelle mit Durchkontaktierungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung
DE202007010590U1 (de) 2007-07-27 2008-12-11 SCHÜCO International KG Solarmodul
EP2385556B1 (fr) 2010-05-04 2021-01-20 Heliatek GmbH Composant photo-actif doté de couches organiques
EP3553823A1 (fr) * 2010-05-28 2019-10-16 Flisom AG Procédé et dispositif pour modules optoélectroniques intégrés avec interconnexions par trous traversants
DE202010013136U1 (de) 2010-12-16 2011-02-17 Malibu Gmbh & Co. Kg Dünnschicht-Photovoltaikmodul

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KR20230109656A (ko) 2023-07-20
DE102020131742A1 (de) 2022-06-02
CN116530231A (zh) 2023-08-01
WO2022111765A1 (fr) 2022-06-02
JP2023550836A (ja) 2023-12-05

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