EP4248060B1 - Verbesserungen in bezug auf unterbodenheizgeräte und verfahren zum betrieb solcher - Google Patents

Verbesserungen in bezug auf unterbodenheizgeräte und verfahren zum betrieb solcher

Info

Publication number
EP4248060B1
EP4248060B1 EP21815639.6A EP21815639A EP4248060B1 EP 4248060 B1 EP4248060 B1 EP 4248060B1 EP 21815639 A EP21815639 A EP 21815639A EP 4248060 B1 EP4248060 B1 EP 4248060B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deflector
tubular body
alloy
downhole
target region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21815639.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4248060A1 (de
Inventor
Paul Carragher
Jake DEARMON
Didhiti TALAPATRA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bisn Tec Ltd
Original Assignee
Bisn Tec Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB2018390.1A external-priority patent/GB2601185B/en
Application filed by Bisn Tec Ltd filed Critical Bisn Tec Ltd
Publication of EP4248060A1 publication Critical patent/EP4248060A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4248060B1 publication Critical patent/EP4248060B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/134—Bridging plugs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of downhole operations in oil/gas wellbores, and in particular to remedial operations associated with repairing faults in annular seals, such as annular packers and cement seals, found within oil/gas wellbores.
  • Additional tubing in the form of well lining or well casing, may also be deployed in locations where the underground formation is unstable and needs to be held back to maintain the integrity of the oil/gas well.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an alternative approach to repairing leaks that may have developed in an existing annular seal that is located in an annular space encircling a tubular body within an oil/gas wellbore.
  • Typical annular seals include cement seals and annular packers.
  • the invention is defined by method claim 1 and apparatus claim 11. Other aspects of the invention are defined by the dependent claims.
  • a method of repairing a leaking annular seal located within an annulus that encircles an oil/gas wellbore tubular body comprising: positioning a deflector in a downhole target region within the tubular body so that the deflector is up-hole of the annular seal and down-hole of a portion of the tubular body wall that comprises one or more openings; delivering alloy beads to the downhole target region via the tubular body such that the deflector redirects the alloy beads radially outwards towards said one or more openings and into the annulus, wherein the alloy beads accumulate on top of the annular seal; and providing a heating tool comprising at least one heater within the wellbore tubular body at a location proximal to the annular seal and operating the heating tool to increase the temperature within the downhole target region to a temperature that is sufficient to melt the alloy beads accumulated within the annulus before allowing the molten alloy to cool and form a plug that repairs the leaking annular seal.
  • the annular seal being repaired may comprise an annular packer and/or a cement seal.
  • 'up-hole' and 'down-hole' used herein are intended to denote the relative positioning of the various elements present in the wellbore. That is to say, 'up-hole' denotes that a first element is closer to the surface of the wellbore than a second element, (i.e. the first element is located between the surface and the second element).
  • 'down-hole' denotes that the first element is further away from the surface of the wellbore than the second element (i.e. the second element is located between the surface and the first element).
  • the method of the present invention utilises the innermost wellbore tubular body to achieve the majority of the alloy's journey to a downhole target region. In this way it is possible to make use of the cleaner internal diameter of the innermost tubular body, which typically has less restrictions than the annulus not least due to the absence of couplings that project into the annulus.
  • alloy beads that are deployed down the annulus can land on the upper surfaces of the couplings and in so doing be prevented from reaching the downhole target region.
  • the loss of alloy beads in transit due to obstructions within the annulus can be significant over the full distance from the surface to the target region.
  • the passage of the alloy (which is provided in the form of beads, balls or shot) through the wall of the innermost tubular body into the annulus is achieved via one or more openings provided in the tubular body at a location that is up-hole of the annular seal.
  • pre-existing openings include valves, such as: sliding sleeve valves, gas lift mandrel valves, and pressure diverter subs.
  • valves such as: sliding sleeve valves, gas lift mandrel valves, and pressure diverter subs.
  • hole making equipment may be employed to create one or more openings in the tubular body.
  • the method employs a deflector that is also delivered downhole via the tubular body to a location that is down-hole of said one or more openings.
  • the positioning and configuration of the deflector is such that when the alloy beads are deployed within the tubular body they contact the deflector and are redirected radially outwards towards said one or more openings and out into the annulus, wherein the alloy beads accumulate on top of the up-hole face of the annular seal.
  • a heating tool which is also deployed downhole via the tubular body, is operated to increase the temperature within the target region to a level that is sufficient to melt the alloy beads. Following the operation of the heating tool the molten alloy is allowed to cool, wherein the alloy solidifies within the annulus as an alloy plug that effectively repairs any leaks within the annular seal.
  • the heating tool can be deployed to any location that is within heating range of the up-hole face of the annular seal, preferably said heating tool is deployed to a location within the wellbore tubular body that is proximal to and up-hole of the annular seal.
  • the heating tool comprises multiple heaters that are operated independently to provide heat at different times. This use of multiple, independently controllable heaters provides the operator with much greater control of the heating levels within the downhole target region.
  • said heaters are independently operated to: a) commence generating heat before the heating tool reaches the downhole target region; b) pre-heat the alloy beads before they are redirected into the annulus by the deflector; c) pre-heat the downhole target region before the alloy beads are accumulated on top of the annular seal; d) provide the alloy melting temperature within the downhole target region after the alloy beads have begun to accumulate on top of the annular seal; and/or e) provide the alloy melting temperature within the downhole target region once the alloy beads have accumulated on top of the annular seal.
  • the step of positioning the deflector in the downhole target region comprises deploying a bridge plug assembly within the wellbore tubular body, said bridge plug assembly being provided with the deflector on an up-hole face thereof.
  • the bridge plug assembly may be deployed using a delivery support that is connected to delivery means located above-ground at the surface of the wellbore.
  • the heating tool may be deployed using a delivery support that is connected to delivery means located above-ground at the surface of the wellbore.
  • the heating tool may further comprise a baffle configured to be positionable in the wellbore tubular body at a location between the heating tool and the delivery means, said baffle being configured to restrict the movement of heating fluids produced during the operation of the heating tool.
  • the heating tool comprises a baffle
  • the baffle is configured to also function as an alloy bead deflector.
  • the delivery support is preferably selected from: coiled tubing, pipe, slick line and wireline.
  • the delivery of the alloy beads may be achieved by dumping the alloy beads into the wellbore tubular body from above-ground at the surface of the wellbore.
  • the delivery of the alloy beads may be achieved by a dump bailer deployed downhole via the tubular body.
  • the alloy may be delivered from a dump bailer that forms part of the bridge plug assembly and/or the heating tool.
  • the dump bailer may also be delivered downhole separately.
  • the delivery of the alloy beads may be achieved via the coiled tubing or pipe that is used to deploy the bridge plug assembly and/or the heating tool assembly.
  • the method of the present invention makes use of pre-existing openings in the well bore tubular body to facilitate the passage of the alloy beads from within the tubular body to the surrounding annulus.
  • the method may preferably further comprise forming one or more openings in the portion of the tubular body wall that is located up-hole from the annular seal.
  • said one or more openings may be formed using hole making equipment, wherein the hole making equipment is selected from: a drill, a mechanical punch, a perforating gun, a saw or any other suitable cutting tools such as chemical cutters and fluid jet cutters.
  • the hole making equipment is selected from: a drill, a mechanical punch, a perforating gun, a saw or any other suitable cutting tools such as chemical cutters and fluid jet cutters.
  • said one or more openings may be formed in the tubular body wall before the deflector is positioned within the downhole target region.
  • the downhole target region may be agitated in order to assist the passage of the alloy beads through said one or more openings into the annulus.
  • the deflector is vibrated to agitate the downhole target region.
  • the tubular body is vibrated to agitate the downhole target region.
  • the agitation of the downhole target region may be achieved by a motor assembly deployed downhole after the deflector has been positioned in the target region.
  • the deflector will also act to reduce the flow of heating fluids upwards within the tubular body and in so doing reduce the amount of heat being lost from the downhole target region. Reducing heat loss in this way also helps to make more efficient use of the heating tool.
  • the deflector may comprise insulating means configured to restrict the passage of conducted heat through the deflector.
  • the deflector not only acts to reduce the amount of heat lost as a result of heated fluids rising within the tubular body, but is also prevents heat being transferred across the deflector via a process of conduction.
  • the deflector may be deployed downhole in an unexpanded or partially expanded state and then expanded towards the tubular body wall in the downhole target region so as to increase the extent to which the deflector redirects the alloy beads. It is appreciated that expanding the deflector in this way will also further restrict the upward flow of heating fluids within the wellbore.
  • the deflector is easier to deliver downhole in situations of restricted access (e.g. when the tubular body is of smaller diameter and/or the tubular body has one or more obstructions within it).
  • the method further comprises the intermediate step of retrieving the deflector after the alloy beads have been delivered but before the heating tool is provided within the tubular body and operated.
  • the method further comprises the step of deploying a junk basket downhole via the wellbore tubular body to a position that is down-hole of the downhole target region.
  • alloy beads that fall past the deflector are prevented from falling further by the junk basket.
  • the junk basket may be delivered downhole in combination with the bridge plug assembly or the heating tool or indeed on its own.
  • the heating tool comprises one or more chemical reaction heaters.
  • the chemical reaction heaters preferably employ thermite or thermite based mixes for the generation of heat that is suitable to melt the alloy beads.
  • the alloy beads are provided in the form of a low melting alloy that has melting point of less than 300°C.
  • These low melting alloys are sometimes also referred to as fusible alloys.
  • the alloy beads may be provided in the form of bismuth based alloys. It is envisioned that the bismuth based alloys may be eutectic or non-eutectic in nature and may also qualify as low melting alloys.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a bridge plug assembly for use in the annular seal repair method of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a bridge plug assembly for use in forming an alloy plug on an existing annular seal that encircles an oil/gas wellbore tubular body, said assembly comprising: a bridge plug operable to expand against and engage with the wellbore tubular body such that the bridge plug is retained in position within the wellbore tubular body; and a deflector configured to obstruct alloy beads delivered downhole and redirect them radially outwards towards the tubular body wall, wherein the deflector is arranged up-hole of the bridge plug.
  • the assembly can be used to carry out the alloy bead delivery stage of the annular seal repair method of the present invention in a multi-trip approach.
  • the bridge plug assembly may further comprise a delivery support connection point, by which the assembly is connectable to delivery means via a delivery support such that said assembly can be delivered to and retrieved from a downhole target region of a wellbore tubular body.
  • the assembly may comprise a delivery support connected to the delivery support connection point and wherein the deflector is located on the delivery support; wherein preferably the delivery support is selected from: coiled tubing, pipe, slick line and wireline.
  • the deflector may comprise an up-hole facing surface that comprises at least one sloped region. In this way, when the alloy beads hit the deflector they are re-directed radially outwards towards the wall of the tubular body in which said one or more openings are located.
  • the up-hole facing surface of the deflector is cone-shaped or domed. Further, the apex of the cone or the dome is preferably located on a central axis running through the deflector.
  • the deflector may comprise an agitation mechanism configured to vibrate the deflector.
  • agitating the deflector helps to prevent the alloy beads from becoming jammed in said one or more openings in the tubular body wall, which would otherwise prevent the alloy beads from passing through into the annulus.
  • the deflector may be configured to be expandable radially outwards towards the tubular body wall. In this way the deflector can be delivered downhole in a smaller form and then, once in position, increased in size to make it more effective at re-directing the alloy beads.
  • the mechanism by which the expansion of the deflector is achieved is selected from hydraulic means, pneumatic means, mechanical means and combinations thereof.
  • the deflector may preferably be urged to expand and/or contract by way of one or more resilient biasing means. Further preferably the deflector may comprise a canopy of flexible material connected to an umbrella spring mechanism.
  • the deflector may comprise insulating means configured to restrict the passage of conducted heat through the deflector.
  • insulating means configured to restrict the passage of conducted heat through the deflector.
  • the assembly may further comprise a junk basket positioned at the leading end of the assembly. In this way, any material that may fall down hole from the downhole target region when the bridge plug is retrieved can be caught.
  • a third aspect of the present invention not covered by the appended claims provides a downhole heating assembly for use in the annular seal repair method of the present invention.
  • a downhole heating assembly comprising: a heating tool with at least one heater; a delivery support connection point, by which the heating tool is connectable to delivery means via a delivery support such that said heating assembly can be delivered to and retrieved from a downhole target region of a wellbore tubular body; and a baffle configured to be positionable in the wellbore tubular body at a location between said heating tool and said delivery means, said baffle being configured to restrict the movement of heated fluids produced during the operation of the heating tool.
  • the assembly can be used to melt the alloy beads within the annulus during the plug formation stage of the annular seal repair method of the present invention in a multi-trip approach.
  • the baffle may be located between the heating tool and the delivery support connection point.
  • the assembly may further comprise a delivery support connected to the delivery support connection point and wherein the baffle is located on the delivery support.
  • the delivery support may be selected from: coiled tubing, pipe, slick line and wireline.
  • the baffle may be configured to be expandable towards the walls of a wellbore tubular body so as to increase the extent to which the baffle restricts fluid movement within the wellbore.
  • the mechanism by which the expansion of the baffle is achieved may be selected from hydraulic means, pneumatic means, mechanical means and combinations thereof.
  • the assembly may comprise control means that co-ordinate the operation of the heating tool and the expansion of the baffle.
  • control means that control the expansion of the baffle may be provided on the heating tool.
  • the baffle may be urged to expand and/or contract by way of one or more resilient biasing means.
  • the baffle may comprise a canopy of flexible material connected to an umbrella spring mechanism.
  • the baffle may be positioned a distance of up to 6m (approx. 20 feet) from the heating tool, and further preferably between 0.3 to 1.0m (approx. 1 to 3 feet).
  • the baffle may be configured to function as a deflector.
  • the heating tool may comprise one or more chemical reaction heaters.
  • the chemical reaction heaters preferably employ thermite or thermite based mixes for the generation of heat that is suitable to melt the alloy beads.
  • the baffle may comprise insulating means configured to restrict the passage of conducted heat through the baffle. Providing the baffle with insulating properties helps to reduce the amount of heat lost from the downhole target region. This in turn helps to make more efficient use of the heat generated by the heating tool.
  • the assembly may further comprise a junk basket positioned at the leading end of the assembly.
  • any material e.g. alloy beads
  • any material e.g. alloy beads
  • Figure 1 shows the application of the annular seal repair method of the present invention in a wellbore target region where only a single annulus is present.
  • the annulus 3 is defined by the outer casing 1 and the inner tubular body 2.
  • an annular packer 4 Within the annulus 3 is provided an annular packer 4.
  • the annular packer 4 shown in Figure 1 has a fault line which is causing the packer 4 to leak, hence the application of the annular seal repair method.
  • a junk basket assembly 5 is deployed downhole to a location that is down hole of the target region of the annular seal repair.
  • the junk basket assembly 5 comprises a bridge plug 6 with a junk basket 7 provided on its up-hole face. Once in position, the bridge plug is actuated to set it in place within the wellbore tubular body 2.
  • the junk basket assembly 5 is deployed downhole using a common delivery support that is connected to delivery means located above-ground at the surface of the wellbore.
  • the delivery means are not shown in Figure 1 , but it will be appreciated by the skilled person that standard delivery means can be utilised to achieve the deployment of the junk basket assembly 5.
  • delivery support is not shown in any detail, it will be appreciated that suitable types of delivery support include coiled tubing, pipe, slick line and wireline. It is appreciated that any combination of delivery support and delivery means can be employed provided it facilitates the controlled deployment of the junk basket assembly 6 to the downhole target region via the interior of the tubular body 2.
  • a perforating tool 8 is deployed downhole via the inner diameter of the tubular body 2.
  • delivery support and delivery means can be employed to deliver the perforating tool downhole.
  • openings 9 are formed in a portion of the wellbore tubular body 2 that is located up hole of the annular seal 4. It is envisioned alternative hole making equipment could be employed to produce said openings 9; examples of which include: a drill, a mechanical punch, a perforating gun, a saw or any other suitable cutting tools such as chemical cutters and fluid jet cutters.
  • the perforating tool 8 is retrieved and a bridge plug assembly 10 is delivered downhole and set in a location that is proximal to, but down-hole of, the openings 9.
  • alloy beads 11 are delivered to the downhole target region.
  • the alloy beads are delivered by a process of dumping the alloy beads into the wellbore tubular body 2 at the surface of the wellbore above ground (not shown).
  • dumped alloy beads 11 fall down the wellbore via the inner tubular body until they come into contact with the up-hole face of the bridge plug assembly 10, which acts as a deflector and re-directs the alloy beads 11 radially outward towards the openings 5 in the wellbore tubular body 2 and out into the annulus 3.
  • the alloy beads 9 then accumulate on the up-hole surface of the annular packer 4.
  • agitation means may be deployed to agitate any alloy beads that may remain on the up-hole surface of the bridge plug assembly 10.
  • the agitation means may act to vibrate alloy beads either directly or indirectly, by vibrating the tubular body 2 at location that is up-hole of the target region.
  • the agitation means may be operated at a distance away from the annular seal because of the greater freedom of movement available to the portion of the tubular body that is not restricted by the annular seal.
  • the agitation means may comprise a motor assembly with a weight mounted on an axle with an offset arrangement, such that the rotation of the weight about the axle generates a vibrating force.
  • the bridge plug assembly 10 is then retrieved from the wellbore in a process that is a reverse of the assembly's delivery.
  • the alloy beads can be formed from any alloy, provided the alloy melts at a temperature above that found within the downhole environment (e.g. around 5 to 50°C). This is important because it enables the alloy form a stable solid plug within the annulus.
  • the alloy beads 11 are formed from a low melting alloy that has a melting point that is no more than about 300°C and which further preferably comprises bismuth.
  • Bismuth is preferred component because it its alloys tend to contract upon melting and expand upon re-solidification, which is considered beneficial when forming alloy plugs.
  • the alloy beads will have a diameter in the range of 0.76 to 127mm (about 0.030 to 0.5 inches). However, ultimately the size of the beads will be determined by the openings in the tubular body wall and any other restrictions that might exist because the alloy beads must be able to pass downhole and through the openings into the annulus with relative freedom.
  • a heating tool 12 is delivered downhole via the inner diameter of the wellbore tubular body 2.
  • delivery support and delivery means can be employed to deliver the heating tool 12 downhole.
  • heating tool 12 shown in Figure 1 comprises only a single heater, it is envisaged that the heating tool 12 may comprise multiple individually operable heaters. Employing multiple heaters in this way provides the option to operate the heaters sequentially or in unison to achieve different heating programs.
  • one possible heating program might employ a first heater to preheat but not necessarily melt the alloy beads.
  • a second heater could then be operated to ensure complete melting of the alloy. This is considered particularly beneficial in the downhole environments where there is a significant difference between the ambient temperature in the target region and the melting point of the alloy.
  • the heating tool 12 comprises a single heater that is operated once the whole load of alloy beads 11 have been delivered to the annulus 3.
  • the heating tool comprises at least one chemical heater that generates heat from a thermite based reaction.
  • the molten alloy is allowed to cool and as it does the alloy resolidifies on top of the existing annular packer 4 to form a plug 13, which acts to seal any fissures/cracks in the packer.
  • the heating tool 12 can be retrieved from the wellbore using the common delivery support and the above-ground delivery means.
  • the method of this embodiment involves the delivery of a heating tool assembly 15 to the downhole target region.
  • the heating tool assembly 15 comprises a heating tool 16 with a deflecting baffle 17 mounted up-hole thereof.
  • the expansion of the deflecting baffle 17 can be achieved by way of hydraulic means, pneumatic means, mechanical means and combinations thereof.
  • the deflecting baffle 17 has an upper face that is dome-shaped such that alloy beads striking the deflecting baffle are re-directed radially outward.
  • the upper surface of the deflectors employed in the present invention may comprise different shapes, ranging from cone-shaped to single flat sloped faces, and that any face shapes that help re-direct the alloy beads towards the tubular body wall are preferable.
  • the upper face of the deflector it is not considered essential for the upper face of the deflector to be sloped because the process of re-directing the alloy beads towards the wall of the tubular body could also be achieved by agitating the downhole target region to help shake the alloy beads through the openings and into the annulus; as per the embodiment shown in Figure 1 .
  • the alloy beads 11 are delivered to the downhole target region via the tubular body 2. As before, the alloy beads 11 are dumped downhole from dumping means located at the surface of the wellbore.
  • the heating tool 16 is operated to heat the downhole target region to a temperature that is sufficient to melt the alloy beads 11.
  • the deflecting baffle 17 may comprise heat insulating means that are configured to minimise the passage of heat therethrough.
  • the deflecting baffle serves a dual purpose of achieving alloy bead redirection and also lowering the amount of heat lost from the downhole target region due to the upward flow of heated wellbore fluids.
  • the alloy beads are allowed to cool and re-solidify to form an alloy plug 13 within the annulus 3, which sits on top of the annular packer 4 and seals any leaks therein.
  • the heating tool assembly 11 and the junk basket assembly 5 can then be retrieved in turn from the wellbore using the above-ground delivery means.
  • Figure 3 shows a third preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention.
  • pre-existing openings 9 in the tubular body 2 wall.
  • the pre-existing holes may be the result of a previous downhole operation or could be provided by components already present on the tubular body 2; such as valves (e.g. sliding sleeve valves, gas lift mandrel valves, and pressure diverter subs).
  • valves e.g. sliding sleeve valves, gas lift mandrel valves, and pressure diverter subs.
  • a deflector assembly 20 which comprises an expandable deflector 21 with a junk basket 22 hanging down from it, is delivered downhole and positioned such that the deflector is proximal to but down-hole of the pre-existing opening 9 in the wall of the tubular body 2.
  • delivering the deflector 21 downhole in a partially expanded or unexpanded state facilitates an easier passage down the inner diameter of the tubular body 2.
  • the junk basket 22 is also expandable and so it too can be delivered downhole in a partially expanded or unexpanded state to again ease the passage of the deflector assembly 20 downhole.
  • the expansion of the deflector 21 and the junk basket 22 can be achieved by way of hydraulic means, pneumatic means, mechanical means and combinations thereof.
  • alloy beads 11 are delivered to the downhole target region. Once again the alloy beads 11 are delivered by a process of dumping the alloy beads into the wellbore tubular body 2 at the surface of the wellbore above ground (not shown).
  • dumped alloy beads 11 fall down the wellbore via the inner tubular body 2 until they come into contact with the deflector 21, at which point they are re-directed radially outward towards the openings 9 in the wellbore tubular body 2 and out into the annulus 3.
  • the alloy beads 11 then accumulate on the up-hole surface of the annular packer 4. Any alloy beads 11 that are not successfully re-directed by the deflector 21 can be caught in the junk basket 22.
  • a heating tool 23 is delivered to the downhole target region via the wellbore tubular body 2.
  • the heating tool 23 which is preferably a chemical heater with a thermite based reaction heat source, increases the temperature within the target region to a level that is sufficient to melt the alloy beads 11 within the annulus.
  • the heating tool 23 can be retrieved from the wellbore using the common delivery support and the above-ground delivery means.
  • Figure 4 shows a further preferred embodiment of the annular seal repair method of the present invention.
  • the downhole target region shown in Figure 4 comprises two annuli.
  • the first annulus is defined by the outer casing 1 and the intermediate well tubing 2a and the second annulus 3 is defined by the intermediate well tubing 2a and the wellbore tubular body 2.
  • the failing annular packer 4 is provided in the second annulus.
  • a piece of hole making equipment is delivered downhole and operated to form one or more openings 9 in a portion of the tubular body 2 wall that is located up-hole of the annular packer 4.
  • the hole making equipment used is a perforating tool 8.
  • the skilled person will appreciate that other types of hole making equipment could be suitably employed for this step.
  • the perforating tool 8 is retrieved and a bridge plug assembly 10 is set in place within the downhole target region at a location that is proximal to but down-hole of the openings 9.
  • a dump bailer 24 loaded with alloy beads 11 is delivered downhole via the tubular body 2.
  • the dump bailer is operated to release the alloy beads onto the up-hole surface of the bridge plug which acts as a deflector and re-directs the alloy beads 11 towards the openings 9 and into the annulus 3.
  • agitation means may also be employed to assist the process of re-directing the alloy beads 11 into the annulus 3.
  • the bridge plug assembly 10 With the alloy beads 11 in place on top of the annular packer 4 the bridge plug assembly 10 can be retrieved and a heating tool 23 can be delivered to the downhole target region. Once in position the heating tool 23 is operated to melt the alloy beads so that an alloy plug 13 can be formed.
  • the heating tool 23 can be retrieved from the wellbore.
  • FIG. 5 shows a partial view of a preferred embodiment of the heating tool assembly 15 of the present invention in both an unexpanded state and an expanded state in which the deflecting baffle 17 extends beyond the outer diameter of the heating tool 16.
  • expansion mechanism of the deflecting baffle 17 described below could also be employed in the other expandable deflectors referred to herein and is not specifically limited to use in combination with a heating tool 16 in a heating tool assembly 15.
  • the described expansion mechanism could also be employed in an inverted orientation to provide the expandable junk basket referred to above.
  • the heater 16 of which only the uppermost portion is shown, is provided with a setting tool 25 that essentially houses the control mechanisms for operating the heater (e.g. ignition means in the case of a chemical heater).
  • a setting tool 25 that essentially houses the control mechanisms for operating the heater (e.g. ignition means in the case of a chemical heater).
  • the setting tool is then connected via a delivery support connection point 26 to a delivery support, which is shown as a wireline 27 but could be any suitable connection line, pipe or coil.
  • the deflector 17 is located between the connection point 26 and the setting tool 25 of the heater 16.
  • the deflector 17 comprises a central shaft 28 that is connected between the setting tool 25 of the heater 16 and the delivery support connection point 26.
  • a collar 29 is fixed in position on the shaft 28. Attached to the collar 29 is a web of flexible material 30 that essentially forms a canopy that is capable of changing shape to accommodate the expansion and contraction of the deflector 17.
  • the flexible material should be resistant to the downhole environment within which the assembly 15 is to be deployed. It is envisaged that a suitable flexible material for use in the deflector is a heat resistant canvas or a silicone rubber. However the skilled person will appreciate that other flexible materials could suitably be employed.
  • the deflector 17 further comprises a plurality of resiliently biased expansion bands 32 that are secured at their respective ends to the connection point 26 and a moveable collar 31, which is slideably mounted on the central shaft 28. In this way the unsecured middle portions of the bands are free to bend and flex in a radial direction relative to the central shaft.
  • resiliently biased expansion bands 32 may be formed from flexible strips of a suitable spring metal.
  • an alternative resilient material may be employed without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the moveable collar 31 is urged away from the setting tool 25 by way of actuation means 33, which may take the form of a coiled spring. It is envisaged that the actuation means 33 can be used to control the distance between the connection point 25 and the collar 31, which in turn will control the extent to which the resiliently biased expansion bands 32 can be deformed.
  • actuation means 33 can limit the extent to which the collar 31 can move up and down the central shaft, which in turn limits the extent to which deflector 17 can be expanded or contracted.
  • the central portion of the canopy of flexible material 30 is attached to the fixed collar 29 whilst the periphery of the canopy is attached to each of the plurality of resiliently biased expansion bands 32.
  • the deflector By connecting the flexible material to the middle portions of the resiliently biased expansion bands 32, the deflector can be operated to expand and contract the flexible material so that the extent to which it can deflect the alloy beads is varied and also restrict the flow of fluid past the deflector.
  • the resiliently biased expansion bands 32 When the resiliently biased expansion bands 32 are forced radially outwards they pull the flexible material outwards (shown as 30a) to form an expanded blocking structure that may extend across a large portion, if not all, of the inner diameter of the wellbore tubular body. Also, when the resiliently biased expansion bands 32 move radially inwards they pull in the flexible material 30 and contract the deflector 17.
  • the bands 32 will extend outwards beyond the outer diameter of the rest of the heater assembly 16 so that the canopy of flexible material will at least partially block the borehole and, in so doing, restrict the flow of fluids within the borehole.
  • the flexible nature of the bands allows the deflector to compress, as necessary, to accommodate narrowed portions of the borehole that might be encountered during the annular seal repair tool assembly's deployment. Once past the narrowed portion of a borehole, the resilient nature of the bands will cause the baffle to once again return to its expanded state, in which the deflector restricts the movement of alloy beads and fluid within the wellbore tubular body.
  • the canopy may be caused to expand even further under the influence of heated fluids rising within the borehole. That is rising fluid could become trapped by partially opened canopy and then urge it to open further.
  • the actuation means 33 may be operated to force moveable collar 31 to slide up the shaft 28, thereby urging the resiliently biased expansion bands 32 outwards and opening the canopy.

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Reparieren einer undichten ringförmigen Dichtung (4), die sich in einem Ring (3) befindet, der einen röhrenförmigen Körper (2) eines Öl-/Gasbohrlochs umschließt, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    Positionieren eines Deflektors in einer Bohrloch-Zielregion innerhalb des röhrenförmigen Körpers derart, dass sich der Deflektor im Bohrloch unter einem Abschnitt der Wand des röhrenförmigen Körpers befindet, der eine oder mehrere Öffnungen (9) umfasst,
    Zuführen von Legierungskügelchen (11) in die Bohrloch-Zielregion über den röhrenförmigen Körper derart, dass der Deflektor die Legierungskügelchen (11) radial auswärts, hin zu der einen oder den mehreren Öffnungen (9) und in den Ring (3) umlenkt, wobei sich die Legierungskügelchen auf der Oberseite der ringförmigen Dichtung (4) ansammeln,
    Bereitstellen eines Heizwerkzeugs (12, 23), das mindestens eine Heizeinheit umfasst, in dem röhrenförmigen Bohrlochkörper an einer Stelle nahe und vorzugsweise im Bohrloch über der ringförmigen Dichtung und Betreiben des Heizwerkzeugs, um die Temperatur in der Bohrloch-Zielregion auf eine Temperatur zu erhöhen, die ausreicht, um die Legierungskügelchen zu schmelzen, die sich in dem Ring angesammelt haben, bevor das Abkühlen der Legierung und das Bilden eines Stopfens ermöglicht wird, welcher die undichte ringförmige Dichtung repariert, und
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Positionieren des Deflektors in der Bohrloch-Zielregion das Ausbringen einer Brückenstopfenanordnung (10) in dem röhrenförmigen Bohrlochkörper umfasst, wobei die Brückenstopfenanordnung an deren im Bohrloch oben befindlicher Fläche mit dem Deflektor bereitgestellt ist, so dass sich der Deflektor im Bohrloch über der ringförmigen Dichtung befindet.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Heizwerkzeug (12, 23) mehrere Heizeinheiten umfasst, die unabhängig betrieben werden, um Wärme zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten bereitzustellen, wobei die Heizeinheiten vorzugsweise unabhängig für Folgendes betrieben werden:
    a) Einleiten des Erzeugens von Wärme, bevor das Heizwerkzeug (12, 23) die Bohrloch-Zielregion erreicht,
    b) Vorerwärmen der Legierungskügelchen (11), bevor sie durch den Deflektor in den Ring umgelenkt werden,
    c) Vorerwärmen der Bohrloch-Zielregion, bevor sich die Legierungskügelchen (11) auf der Oberseite der ringförmigen Dichtung (4) ansammeln,
    d) Bereitstellen der Legierungsschmelztemperatur in der Bohrloch-Zielregion, nachdem die Legierungskügelchen (11) begonnen haben, sich auf der Oberseite der ringförmigen Dichtung (4) anzusammeln, und/oder
    e) Bereitstellen der Legierungsschmelztemperatur in der Bohrloch-Zielregion, sobald sich die Legierungskügelchen (11) auf der Oberseite der ringförmigen Dichtung (4) angesammelt haben.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Brückenstopfenanordnung (10) mit Hilfe eines Zuführungsträgers ausgebracht wird, der mit Zuführungsmitteln verbunden ist, die sich über Tage an der Oberfläche des Bohrlochs befinden.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Heizwerkzeug (12, 23) mit Hilfe eines Zuführungsträgers ausgebracht wird, der mit Zuführungsmitteln verbunden ist, die sich über Tage an der Oberfläche des Bohrlochs befinden,
    wobei das Heizwerkzeug (12, 23) vorzugsweise ferner eine Ablenkplatte umfasst, die dafür gestaltet ist, in dem röhrenförmigen Bohrlochkörper an einer Stelle zwischen dem Heizwerkzeug und den Zuführungsmitteln positionierbar zu sein, wobei die Ablenkplatte dafür gestaltet ist, die Bewegung von Heizfluiden zu beschränken, die während des Betriebes des Heizwerkzeugs erzeugt werden.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, wobei der Zuführungsträger aus Coiled Tubing, Rohr, Slickline und Wireline ausgewählt ist.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Zuführen der Legierungskügelchen (11) erreicht wird durch entweder:
    a) Ablassen der Legierungskügelchen (11) in den röhrenförmigen Bohrlochkörper von über Tage an der Oberfläche des Bohrlochs,
    b) eine Ablassschaufel (24), die über den röhrenförmigen Körper in das Bohrloch ausgebracht wird, wobei die Ablassschaufel vorzugsweise einen Teil der Brückenstopfenanordnung und/oder des Heizwerkzeugs bildet, oder
    c) das Coiled Tubing oder Rohr, das verwendet wird, um die Brückenstopfenanordnung und/oder das Heizwerkzeug auszubringen.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner das Bilden einer oder mehrerer Öffnungen in dem Abschnitt der Wand des röhrenförmigen Körpers, der sich über der Bohrloch-Zielregion und der ringförmigen Dichtung (4) befindet, vorzugsweise bevor der Deflektor in der Bohrloch-Zielregion positioniert wird, umfassend,
    wobei die eine oder mehreren Öffnungen vorzugsweise mit Hilfe einer Öffnungsherstellungsausrüstung gebildet werden, wobei die Öffnungsherstellungsausrüstung aus Folgenden ausgewählt ist: einem Bohrer, einer mechanischen Stanze, einer Perforierungspistole, einer Säge oder einem anderen geeigneten Schneidwerkzeug, wie bspw. chemische oder Fluidstrahl-Schneidgeräte.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Bohrloch-Zielregion in Bewegung versetzt wird, um das Durchlassen der Legierungskügelchen (11) durch die eine oder mehreren Öffnungen in den Ring zu unterstützen,
    wobei der Deflektor und/oder der röhrenförmige Körper vorzugsweise gerüttelt wird, um die Bohrloch-Zielregion in Bewegung zu versetzen, und
    wobei das In-Bewegung-Versetzen der Bohrloch-Zielregion ferner vorzugsweise durch eine Motoranordnung erreicht wird, die in das Bohrloch ausgebracht wird, nachdem der Deflektor in der Zielregion positioniert wurde.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner eines oder mehreres des Folgenden umfassend:
    a) Ausbringen des Deflektors in einem nicht ausgefahrenen oder teilweise ausgefahrenen Zustand in das Bohrloch und dann Ausfahren hin zur Wand des röhrenförmigen Körpers in der Bohrloch-Zielregion, so dass das Ausmaß erhöht wird, in dem der Deflektor die Legierungskügelchen (11) umlenkt,
    b) den Zwischenschritt des Zurückholens des Deflektors, nachdem die Legierungskügelchen zugeführt wurden, jedoch bevor das Heizwerkzeug (12, 23) in dem röhrenförmigen Körper bereitgestellt und betrieben wird, und
    c) den Schritt des Ausbringens eines Schuttkorbes (7, 22) in das Bohrloch über den röhrenförmigen Bohrlochkörper an eine Position, die sich im Bohrloch unter der Bohrloch-Zielregion befindet, wobei der Schuttkorb vorzugsweise entweder in Kombination mit der Brückenstopfenanordnung oder der Heizwerkzeuganordnung oder alleine in das Bohrloch ausgebracht wird.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Legierungskügelchen (11) in Form einer niedrigschmelzenden Legierung bereitgestellt werden, die einen Schmelzpunkt von weniger als 300 °C aufweist, und
    wobei die Legierungskügelchen vorzugsweise in Form einer Legierung auf Wismutbasis bereitgestellt werden.
  11. Brückenstopfenanordnung (10) zur Verwendung zum Bilden eines Legierungsstopfens an einer bestehenden ringförmigen Dichtung (4) die einen röhrenförmigen Körper (2) eines Öl-/Gasbohrlochs umschließt, wobei die Anordnung Folgendes umfasst:
    einen Brückenstopfen, der funktionsfähig ist, sich gegen den röhrenförmigen Bohrlochkörper auszweiten und mit diesem in Eingriff zu gelangen, so dass der Brückenstopfen in dem röhrenförmigen Bohrlochkörper an seiner Position gehalten wird, und
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anordnung ferner einen Deflektor umfasst, der dafür gestaltet ist, Legierungskügelchen, die in das Bohrloch geführt werden, zu blockieren und sie radial auswärts, hin zur Wand des röhrenförmigen Körpers umzulenken, wobei der Deflektor im Bohrloch über dem Brückenstopfen angeordnet ist.
  12. Brückenstopfenanordnung nach Anspruch 11, ferner einen Zuführungsträger-Verbindungspunkt umfassend, durch den die Anordnung über einen Zuführungsträger mit Zuführungsmitteln verbindbar ist, so dass die Anordnung einer Bohrloch-Zielregion eines röhrenförmigen Bohrlochkörpers zugeführt und daraus zurückgeholt werden kann,
    wobei die Anordnung vorzugsweise ferner einen Zuführungsträger umfasst, der mit dem Zuführungsträger-Verbindungspunkt verbunden ist, und wobei sich der Deflektor an dem Zuführungsträger befindet, wobei der Zuführungsträger ferner vorzugsweise aus Folgendem ausgewählt ist: Coiled Tubing, Rohr, Slickline und Wireline.
  13. Brückenstopfenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 und 12, wobei der Deflektor eine im Bohrloch nach oben weisende Fläche umfasst, die mindestens eine geneigte Region umfasst, und/oder
    die im Bohrloch nach oben weisende Fläche des Deflektors kegelförmig ist und der Scheitelpunkt des Kegels vorzugsweise auf der Mittelachse des Deflektors liegt.
  14. Brückenstopfenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, wobei der Deflektor Folgendes umfasst:
    a) einen Bewegungsmechanismus, der dafür gestaltet ist, den Deflektor zu rütteln, und/oder
    b) Isolationsmittel, die dafür gestaltet sind, den Durchlass von geleiteter Wärme durch den Deflektor zu sperren.
  15. Brückenstopfenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, wobei der Deflektor dafür gestaltet ist, radial auswärts, hin zur Wand des röhrenförmigen Körpers ausfahrbar zu sein,
    wobei der Mechanismus, durch den das Ausfahren des Deflektors erreicht wird, vorzugsweise aus hydraulischen Mitteln, pneumatischen Mitteln, mechanischen Mitteln und Kombinationen daraus ausgewählt ist,
    wobei der Deflektor ferner vorzugsweise durch ein oder mehreren elastische Vorspannmittel gezwungen wird, auszufahren und/oder sich zusammenzuziehen, und
    wobei der Deflektor noch bevorzugter eine Abdeckhaube aus flexiblem Material umfasst, das mit einem Schirmfedermechanismus verbunden ist.
EP21815639.6A 2020-11-23 2021-11-22 Verbesserungen in bezug auf unterbodenheizgeräte und verfahren zum betrieb solcher Active EP4248060B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2018390.1A GB2601185B (en) 2020-11-23 2020-11-23 Improvements relating to downhole heater assemblies and methods of operating such
GB2111409.5A GB2603562B (en) 2020-11-23 2021-08-06 Multi trip annular seal repair method and associated equipment
PCT/GB2021/053018 WO2022106849A1 (en) 2020-11-23 2021-11-22 Multi-trip annular seal repair method and associated equipment

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EP4248060A1 EP4248060A1 (de) 2023-09-27
EP4248060B1 true EP4248060B1 (de) 2025-09-03

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US12338713B2 (en) * 2022-09-07 2025-06-24 Bisn Tec Ltd. One trip system to set an alloy seal and mill through
US12264550B1 (en) 2023-09-29 2025-04-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Downhole tool for sealing in openhole washouts
US12473797B2 (en) * 2024-04-12 2025-11-18 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Eutectic alloy system for concentric casing string cement repair

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US6384389B1 (en) 2000-03-30 2002-05-07 Tesla Industries Inc. Eutectic metal sealing method and apparatus for oil and gas wells
US20060144591A1 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-06 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Method and apparatus for repair of wells utilizing meltable repair materials and exothermic reactants as heating agents
US20080047708A1 (en) * 2006-06-24 2008-02-28 Spencer Homer L Method and apparatus for plugging perforations
CA2688704C (en) * 2009-12-15 2016-04-26 Rawwater Engineering Company Limited Sealing method and apparatus
US10597970B2 (en) * 2015-01-27 2020-03-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Downhole cutting and sealing apparatus
WO2018063829A1 (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 Conocophillips Company Tool for metal plugging or sealing of casing
GB2586759B (en) * 2018-04-03 2022-09-28 Schlumberger Technology Bv Methods, apparatus and systems for creating wellbore plugs for abandoned wells
US20220145726A1 (en) * 2019-03-12 2022-05-12 Panda-Seal International Ltd Thermite method of abandoning a well

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US20240003221A1 (en) 2024-01-04
EP4248060A1 (de) 2023-09-27

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