EP4247653A1 - Système de conditionnement thermique pour véhicule automobile - Google Patents
Système de conditionnement thermique pour véhicule automobileInfo
- Publication number
- EP4247653A1 EP4247653A1 EP21811337.1A EP21811337A EP4247653A1 EP 4247653 A1 EP4247653 A1 EP 4247653A1 EP 21811337 A EP21811337 A EP 21811337A EP 4247653 A1 EP4247653 A1 EP 4247653A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- connection point
- main loop
- conditioning system
- volume
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 134
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000826860 Trapezium Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32284—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/323—Cooling devices using compression characterised by comprising auxiliary or multiple systems, e.g. plurality of evaporators, or by involving auxiliary cooling devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/006—Accumulators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of thermal conditioning systems for motor vehicles. Such systems make it possible to ensure thermal regulation of various organs or parts of the vehicle, such as the passenger compartment or an electrical energy storage battery, in the case of an electrically powered vehicle. Heat exchanges are mainly managed by the compression and expansion of a refrigerant fluid within several heat exchangers.
- the quantity of refrigerant fluid circulating in the refrigerant circuit is not constant. Indeed, the minimum pressure and the maximum pressure in the circuit depend on the conditions of use, and therefore the density of the refrigerant fluid circulating in the circuit depends on the conditions of use. In addition, the length of the circuit portions traversed by the refrigerant fluid is not always the same.
- An accumulator comprises a coolant fluid inlet, a coolant fluid outlet and a buffer volume between the inlet and the outlet, this volume making it possible to store a quantity of coolant fluid.
- a conventional motor vehicle accumulator may have a volume of 0.8 liters to 1 liter. This volume makes it possible to cover variations in the mass of chemical refrigerant fluid, such as R1234yf, circulating in the circuit.
- the space available under the bonnet may be very limited, and it may be very difficult or even impossible to install an accumulation device with the classic volume.
- An object of the present invention is thus to provide a thermal conditioning system that can operate using an accumulator with a lower volume than those of the state-of-the-art systems, while maintaining the same thermodynamic performance. The installation of the thermal conditioning circuit in the vehicle is thus facilitated.
- the present invention proposes a thermal conditioning system for a motor vehicle, comprising a refrigerant circuit configured to circulate a refrigerant fluid, the refrigerant circuit comprising: a main loop comprising successively, in the direction of path of the refrigerant fluid:
- a first heat exchanger configured to exchange heat with a first heat transfer fluid
- a second heat exchanger configured to exchange heat with a flow of air outside a passenger compartment of the vehicle
- a third heat exchanger configured to exchange heat with a flow of air inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle
- a refrigerant fluid accumulation device a refrigerant fluid accumulation device
- a first bypass branch B connecting a first connection point arranged on the main loop and comprised between the second heat exchanger and the second expansion device to a second connection point arranged on the main loop and between the third heat exchanger and the accumulation device
- the first bypass branch comprising a first shut-off valve, in which an internal volume of a main loop portion extending from an outlet of the first heat exchanger to a input of the first expansion device defines a first reference volume, in which an internal volume of the accumulation device defines a second reference volume, and in which the ratio of the first reference volume and the second reference volume is greater than 0 .2 preferably greater than 0.4.
- the second reference volume is chosen lower than that of the solutions according to the state of the art.
- the refrigerant fluid accumulation device is smaller, and is thus easier to install in the vehicle.
- the volume of the main loop portion extending from an outlet of the first heat exchanger to an inlet of the first expansion device is increased compared to the solutions according to the state of the art.
- This additional volume makes it possible to constitute a refrigerant fluid storage volume which compensates for the reduction in volume of the accumulation device.
- this portion of the circuit contains refrigerant in liquid form in modes of use where the circulating mass of refrigerant fluid is low, and therefore constitutes a zone of natural accumulation of liquid refrigerant.
- the first and second reference volumes are chosen so that there remains a reserve of refrigerant fluid in the accumulation device under all conditions of use of the thermal conditioning circuit.
- the second reference volume is less than 0.65 litres.
- the thermal conditioning system comprises a second bypass branch connecting a third connection point arranged on the main loop and between the first heat exchanger and the first expansion device to a fourth connection point arranged on the main loop and between the first connection point and the second connection device expansion
- the second bypass branch comprises a second shut-off valve
- the sum of the first reference volume and an internal volume of a portion of the second bypass branch extending from the third connection point to a inlet of the shut-off valve defines a third reference volume
- the ratio of the third reference volume and the second reference volume is greater than 0.3, preferably greater than 0.5.
- the first heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchange section configured to ensure condensation of the refrigerant fluid and a second heat exchange section configured to ensure sub-cooling of the refrigerant fluid, the sum of the third reference volume and an internal volume of the second heat exchange section of the first heat exchanger defines a fourth reference volume, and the ratio of the fourth reference volume and the second reference volume is greater than 0 .65 preferably greater than 0.95.
- the first heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat with an air flow inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the first heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat with a heat transfer liquid circulating in a heat transfer liquid circuit.
- the coolant circuit includes a fifth heat exchanger configured to exchange heat with an air flow inside the vehicle cabin.
- the thermal conditioning system comprises a third bypass branch connecting a fifth connection point arranged on the main loop and between the fourth connection point and the second expansion device to a sixth connection point. connection arranged on the main loop and included between the second connection point and the accumulation device, the third branch branch comprising a third expansion device arranged upstream of a fourth heat exchanger.
- the fourth heat exchanger 20 is thermally coupled with an element 30 of an electric traction chain of the vehicle.
- the element 30 of the electric traction chain can be a battery 30 for storing electrical energy.
- the element 30 of the electric traction chain can be an electronic module for controlling an electric traction motor of the vehicle.
- a sum of an internal volume of a main loop portion extending from an outlet of the second heat exchanger to the first connection point and of a internal volume of a first bypass branch portion extending from the first connection point to an inlet of the first shut-off valve defines a fifth reference volume, and the fifth reference volume is less than 0, 03 liter.
- the ratio of the fifth reference volume and the second reference volume is less than 0.5, preferably less than 0.1.
- an internal diameter of a main loop portion between an outlet of the first heat exchanger and an inlet of the first expansion device is greater than 13 millimeters, preferably greater than at 15 millimeters.
- the main loop comprises a check valve arranged between the first connection point and the fourth connection point, a length of a main loop portion extending from the first connection point to to the check valve defines a first reference distance and a length of a main loop portion extending from the check valve to the fourth connection point defines a second reference distance, and the ratio of the first reference distance and of the second reference distance is less than 0.5.
- a volume of a main loop portion extending from the first connection point to the check valve is less than 0.03 liters.
- a main loop portion extending from an outlet of the first heat exchanger to an inlet of the first expansion device comprises a first part having a first passage section of refrigerant fluid and a second part having a second passage section of refrigerant fluid, the ratio between the second passage section and the first passage section being greater than 2.
- the invention also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as described above, in a heating mode, in which:
- the refrigerant fluid circulates in the compression device where it passes at high pressure, and successively circulates in the first heat exchanger where it yields heat to the coolant and passes to the liquid state, in the first expansion device where it passes at low pressure, into the second heat exchanger where it absorbs heat from the external air flow and passes into the gaseous state, into the first bypass branch, into the accumulation device,
- the low-pressure refrigerant fluid returns to the compression device.
- the invention also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as described above, in a so-called cooling mode, in which:
- the refrigerant circulates in the compression device where it passes at high pressure, and circulates successively in the first heat exchanger without yielding heat to the interior air flow, in the first expansion device, in the second heat exchanger where it gives up heat from the outside airflow and goes into a liquid state,
- the low-pressure refrigerant fluid returns to the compression device.
- the invention also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as described above, in a so-called cooling mode, in which: - the refrigerant fluid circulates in the compression device where it passes at high pressure, and successively circulates in the first heat exchanger where it yields heat to the coolant liquid and passes to the liquid state, in the first expansion device, in the second heat exchanger,
- the low-pressure refrigerant fluid returns to the compression device.
- the invention also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as described above, in a so-called parallel dehumidification mode, in which:
- the refrigerant circulates in the compression device where it passes at high pressure, and successively circulates in the first heat exchanger where it yields heat to the heat transfer fluid and passes to the liquid state,
- the refrigerant is divided between a first flow circulating in the main loop and a second flow circulating in the second bypass branch
- the first flow circulates in the first expansion device where it passes at low pressure, in the second heat exchanger where it absorbs heat from the external air flow and passes to the gaseous state, then circulates in the first branch derivation,
- the second flow joins the main loop upstream of the second expansion device where it passes at low pressure, and circulates in the third heat exchanger where it absorbs heat from the interior air flow and passes to the gaseous state,
- the low-pressure refrigerant fluid returns to the compression device.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a thermal conditioning system according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a thermal conditioning system according to a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a thermal conditioning system according to a first variant of the embodiment of Figure 2,
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a thermal conditioning system according to a second variant of the embodiment of Figure 2,
- FIG. 5 is a schematic, partial representation of a variant of a thermal conditioning system according to the invention.
- Figure 6 shows a pressure, enthalpy diagram of the thermal conditioning system of Figure 1 operating according to a so-called cooling operating mode
- Figure 7 shows a pressure, enthalpy diagram of the thermal conditioning system of Figure 1 operating in a so-called heating mode of operation.
- a first element upstream of a second element means that the first element is placed before the second element with respect to the direction of circulation, or course, of a fluid.
- a first element downstream of a second element means that the first element is placed after the second element with respect to the direction of circulation, or travel, of the fluid in question.
- the term "a first element is upstream of a second element >> means that the coolant flows successively through the first element, then the second element, without passing through the compression device.
- the refrigerant leaves the compression device, possibly passes through one or more elements, then passes through the first element, then the second element, then returns to the compression device, possibly after having passed through other elements.
- Interior air flow Fi means an air flow intended for the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle. This indoor air flow can circulate in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning installation, often referred to by the English term “HVAC” meaning “Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning”. This installation has not been shown in the figures.
- HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning installation
- exterior air flow Fe is meant an air flow that is not intended for the passenger compartment. In other words, this air flow remains outside the vehicle.
- a motor-fan unit can be activated in order to increase the flow rate of the outside air flow Fe if necessary.
- another motor-fan unit is arranged in the installation of heating in order to increase if necessary the flow rate of the interior air flow Fi.
- An electronic control unit receives information from various sensors measuring in particular the characteristics of the refrigerant at various points in the circuit.
- the electronic unit also receives the instructions requested by the occupants of the vehicle, such as the desired temperature inside the passenger compartment.
- the electronic unit implements control laws allowing the piloting of the various actuators, in order to ensure the control of the thermal conditioning system 100.
- Each of the first, second and third expansion device may be an electronic expansion valve, a thermostatic expansion valve, or a calibrated orifice.
- the passage section allowing the refrigerant fluid to pass can be adjusted continuously between a closed position and a maximum open position.
- the unit of system control drives an electric motor that moves the movable shutter that manages the passage section of the expansion device.
- the compression device 1 can be an electric compressor, that is to say a compressor whose moving parts are driven by an electric motor.
- the compression device comprises a suction side of the low-pressure refrigerant fluid, also called the inlet of the compression device, and a discharge side of the high-pressure refrigerant fluid, also called the outlet of the compression device 1 .
- the internal moving parts of the compressor move the refrigerant from a low pressure on the inlet side to a high pressure on the outlet side. After expansion in one or more expansion devices of circuit 1, the refrigerant fluid returns to the inlet of compressor 1 and begins a new thermodynamic cycle.
- connection point allows the refrigerant to pass through one or the other of the circuit portions joining at this connection point.
- the distribution of the refrigerant fluid between the two portions of the circuit joining at a connection point is done by playing on the opening or closing of the stop valves or expansion devices included on each of the two branches.
- each connection point is a means of redirecting the fluid arriving at this connection point.
- shut-off valves and the non-return valve thus make it possible to selectively direct the refrigerant fluid into the different branches of the refrigerant circuit, in order to ensure different operating modes, as will be described later.
- the first shut-off valve 8 is configured to selectively authorize or prohibit the passage of the refrigerant fluid in the first bypass branch B.
- the second shut-off valve 9 is configured to selectively authorize or prevent the passage of refrigerant fluid in the second bypass branch C.
- the refrigerant circuit 1 comprises a refrigerant fluid accumulation device 7 disposed on the main loop A upstream of the compression device 1.
- the refrigerant used by the refrigerant circuit 1 is here a chemical fluid such as R1234yf.
- Other refrigerants could be used, such as R134a for example.
- FIG. 1 thus represents a thermal conditioning system 100 for a motor vehicle, comprising a refrigerant circuit 50 configured to circulate a refrigerant fluid, the refrigerant circuit 50 comprising: a main loop A comprising successively, in the direction of travel of the refrigerant fluid: - a compression device 1,
- a first heat exchanger 2 configured to exchange heat with a first heat transfer fluid Fc
- a second heat exchanger 4 configured to exchange heat with an exterior air flow Fe to a passenger compartment of the vehicle, -- a second expansion device 5,
- a third heat exchanger 6 configured to exchange heat with an interior air flow Fi in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, -- an accumulation device 7 for refrigerant fluid, a first bypass branch B connecting a first connection point 11 arranged on the main loop A and comprised between the second heat exchanger 4 and the second expansion device 5 to a second connection point 12 arranged on the main loop A and comprised between the third heat exchanger 6 and the storage device 7, the first bypass branch B comprising a first shut-off valve 8, in which an internal volume of a main loop portion A extending from an outlet 2b of the first heat exchanger 2 to an inlet 3a of the first expansion device 3 defines a first reference volume V1, in which an internal volume of the accumulation device 7 defines a second reference volume V2, and in which the ratio ort R1 of the first reference volume V1 and of the second reference volume V2 is greater than 0.2, preferably greater than 0.4.
- the second reference volume V2 is less than 0.65 litres.
- the value of the first reference volume V1 is divided by the value of the second reference volume V2, each volume V1 and V2 being expressed in the same unit of measurement, for example in litres.
- the ratio R1 is therefore a dimensionless quantity.
- the value of the ratio R1 is then 0.6.
- the first reference volume V1 is determined by calculating the internal volume of the refrigerant circuit portion beginning at the outlet 2b of the first heat exchanger 2 and ending at the inlet 3a of the first expansion device 3. It is thus the volume offered to the refrigerant fluid between the outlet 2b and the inlet 3a.
- the second reference volume V2 equal to the internal volume of the accumulation device 7, is the volume between the inlet 7a and the outlet 7b of the accumulation device 7.
- the mass of refrigerant fluid stored in the device accumulation 7 is therefore equal to the reference volume V2 multiplied by the average density of the refrigerant fluid contained in the accumulation device.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 is configured to operate in many distinct modes of operation.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 can in particular implement a method of operation in a heating mode, in which:
- the refrigerant circulates in the compression device 1 where it passes at high pressure, and successively circulates in the first heat exchanger 2 where it yields heat to the heat transfer fluid and passes to the liquid state, in the first expansion 3 where it passes at low pressure, into the second heat exchanger 4 where it absorbs heat from the outside air flow Fe and passes into the gaseous state, into the first bypass branch B, into the accumulation 7,
- the refrigerant passes at high pressure while circulating in the compression device, that the refrigerant leaves the compression device in a so-called high pressure state.
- the pressure at the outlet of the compression device is greater than the pressure at the inlet of the compression device.
- compression By transition to the liquid state is meant that at least part of the refrigerant fluid condenses and passes to the liquid state.
- the conversion is not necessarily complete and the coolant may be in the form of a mixture of liquid and vapor.
- transition to the gaseous state is understood to mean that at least part of the refrigerant fluid vaporizes and passes to the gaseous state.
- the conversion is not necessarily complete and the coolant may be in the form of a mixture of liquid and vapor.
- the main loop portion A extending from the outlet 2b of the first heat exchanger 2 to the inlet 3a of the first expansion device 3 contains fluid refrigerant in liquid state.
- this portion of the circuit contains gaseous refrigerant when the thermal conditioning system operates in cabin cooling mode.
- thermal conditioning system 100 implements a method of operation in a so-called cooling mode:
- the refrigerant circulates in the compression device 1 where it passes at high pressure, and circulates successively in the first heat exchanger 2 without changing state, in the first expansion device 3, in the second heat exchanger 4 where it gives up heat from the outside air flow Fe and goes into a liquid state,
- Figure 6 is a pressure diagram, enthalpy of the refrigerant during the thermodynamic cycle described when the thermal conditioning system 100 operates in cooling mode.
- the curve in dotted lines corresponds to the characteristic curve of the changes of state of the refrigerant fluid.
- the trapezium in solid lines corresponds to the thermodynamic cycle carried out by the refrigerant fluid.
- the point designated by p1 schematizes the state of the refrigerant fluid at the inlet of the compression device 1.
- the points p2 and p3 schematize respectively the state of the refrigerant fluid at the outlet of the first exchanger 2 and of the first expansion device 3.
- Point 4b schematizes the state of the refrigerant fluid at the outlet of the second exchanger 4
- the sign Q4 schematizes the heat exchange carried out between the high pressure refrigerant fluid and the outside air flow Fe within the second heat exchanger.
- the point p5 represents the state of the fluid at the outlet of the second expansion device 5.
- the points p6, p12, p7b respectively represent the state of the refrigerant fluid at the outlet of the third heat exchanger 6, at the level of the second point of connection 12 and at the level of the output 7b of the accumulator 7. These points are confused on this diagram, because the pressure losses and the thermal losses for example between the second connection point 12 and the accumulator 7 are considered negligible.
- the sign Q6 illustrates the heat exchange carried out between the low-pressure refrigerant fluid and the interior air flow Fi within the third heat exchanger 6. This heat exchange ensures the cooling of the interior air flow Fi.
- Figure 7 is a pressure diagram, enthalpy of the refrigerant during the thermodynamic cycle described when the thermal conditioning system 100 operates in heating mode.
- Point designated by p1 schematizes the state of the refrigerant fluid entering the compression device 1 .
- Point p2 schematizes the state of the refrigerant fluid at the inlet of the first exchanger 2.
- Points p2b and p3a respectively schematize the state of the refrigerant fluid at the outlet of the first exchanger 2 and at the inlet of the first expansion device 3 , that is to say before relaxation.
- the signs Q21 and Q22 schematize the heat exchange carried out between the high-pressure refrigerant fluid and the internal air flow Fi within the first heat exchanger 2. This heat exchange ensures the heating of the internal air flow Fi .
- the sign Q21 corresponds to the heat exchange during the condensation phase of the refrigerant fluid and the sign Q22 corresponds to the heat exchange during the subcooling phase of the refrigerant fluid.
- the point p4 represents the state of the fluid at the inlet of the second heat exchanger 4.
- the points p4b, p8, p12, p7 respectively represent the state of the refrigerant fluid at the outlet of the second heat exchanger 4, at the level of the first shut-off valve 8, at the level of the second connection point 12 and at the level of the outlet 7b of the accumulator 7. These points are confused on the diagram, because the pressure drops and the thermal losses for example between the first shut-off valve 8 and the accumulator 7 are considered negligible.
- the sign Q4 illustrates the heat exchange carried out between the low-pressure refrigerant fluid and the outside air flow Fe within the second heat exchanger 4.
- the condensation of the refrigerant fluid takes place in the second heat exchanger 4.
- the main loop portion A located upstream of this exchanger 4 therefore contains gaseous refrigerant, therefore of higher density. lower than liquid refrigerant.
- the mass of refrigerant fluid circulating in the circuit 50 is generally higher in cooling mode than in heating mode, since the minimum pressure and the maximum pressure of the thermodynamic cycle are higher in cooling mode than in heating mode.
- the refrigerant fluid therefore has a higher average density, and therefore the mass of refrigerant fluid circulating in the circuit 50 is higher in cooling mode.
- the accumulator 7 must therefore store more refrigerant fluid when the system operates in passenger compartment heating mode than when the system operates in passenger compartment cooling mode.
- the main loop portion A extending from the outlet 2b of the first heat exchanger 2 to the inlet 3a of the first expansion device 3, filled with liquid in the heating mode, makes it possible to store the refrigerant not not circulating in the circuit, that is to say not participating in the thermodynamic cycle.
- This main loop portion By choosing the dimensions of this main loop portion appropriately, it is thus possible to use an accumulator 7 of smaller volume than in the solutions according to the prior art, since this main loop portion can play the same role as the accumulator 7.
- the dimensioning is adequate when the ratio R1 of the first reference volume V1 and of the second reference volume V2 is greater than 0.2 and preferably greater than 0.4.
- the second heat exchanger 4 can be arranged on the front of the vehicle, and receives the airflow generated by the progress of the vehicle.
- the first exchanger 2 and the third exchanger 6 can be arranged in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning installation of the vehicle.
- the first connection point 11 is arranged on the main loop A downstream of the second heat exchanger 4 and upstream of the second expansion device 5.
- the second connection point 12 is arranged on the main loop A downstream of the third heat exchanger 6 and upstream of the accumulation device 7.
- the first connection point 11 belongs both to the main loop A and to the first bypass branch B.
- the second connection point 12 belongs to both to the main loop A and to the first branch branch B.
- the first shut-off valve 8 is arranged on the first branch branch B downstream from the first connection point 11 and upstream from the second connection point 12.
- FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 comprises a second bypass branch C connecting a third connection point 13 disposed on the main loop A and between the first heat exchanger 2 and the first expansion device 3 to a fourth connection point 14 arranged on the main loop A and comprised between the first connection point 11 and the second expansion device 5,
- the second bypass branch C includes a second shut-off valve 9, the sum of the first volume of reference V1 and an internal volume of a portion of second branch C extending from the third connection point 13 to an inlet 9a of the stop valve 9 defines a third reference volume V3, and the ratio of the third reference volume V3 and of the second reference volume V2 is greater than 0.3, preferably greater than 0.5.
- the third reference volume V3 is thus the sum of the second reference volume V2, already calculated, and the volume of the circuit portion starting at the level of the third connection point 13 and ending at the input 9a of the stop valve 9.
- the second shut-off valve 9 is configured to selectively authorize or prohibit the passage of the refrigerant fluid in the second bypass branch C.
- the main loop A comprises a non-return valve 23 disposed between the first connection point 11 and the fourth connection point 14.
- the third connection point 13 is arranged on the main loop A downstream of the first heat exchanger 2 and upstream of the first expansion device 3.
- the fourth connection point 14 is arranged on the main loop A in downstream of the first connection point 11 and upstream of the second expansion device 5.
- the non-return valve 23 arranged downstream of the first connection point 11 and upstream of the fourth connection point 14.
- the circuit portion which contains refrigerant in the liquid state in heating mode and refrigerant in the gaseous state in cooling mode comprises the same portion as in the embodiment of Figure 1 , to which is added the portion of the second branch C starting at the third connection point 13 and ending at the inlet 9a of the stop valve 9.
- this portion of the circuit makes it possible to store the refrigerant in the liquid state, which makes it possible to use a low-volume accumulator 7 while ensuring the same thermodynamic performance.
- FIG. 3 is a variant of the embodiment of Figure 2.
- the first heat exchanger 2 is configured to exchange heat with an interior air flow Fi to the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the first heat transfer fluid Fc is here the internal air flow Fi.
- the third heat exchanger 6 and the first heat exchanger 2 which are both configured to exchange heat with the same internal air flow Fi, are not shown side by side. In reality, exchanger 6 and exchanger 2 are mounted one upstream of the other.
- the first heat transfer fluid Fc here is a flow of air Fi inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the first heat exchanger 2 makes it possible to ensure the heating of the interior air flow Fi, and thus to heat the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the first heat exchanger 2 is here called an internal condenser.
- the first heat exchanger 2 comprises a first heat exchange section 21 configured to ensure condensation of the refrigerant and a second heat exchange section 22 configured to ensure a subcooling of the refrigerant fluid
- the sum of the third reference volume V3 and an internal volume of the second heat exchange section 22 of the first heat exchanger 2 defines a fourth reference volume V4
- the ratio of the fourth volume of reference V4 and of the second reference volume V2 is greater than 0.65, preferably greater than 0.95.
- the heat exchange zone of the first heat exchanger 2 which serves to ensure the sub-cooling of the refrigerant fluid also contributes to creating a refrigerant fluid storage zone. This contribution is added to the areas already defined in the previous paragraphs.
- the fourth reference volume V4 is thus the sum of the third reference volume V3, already calculated, and the volume of the part of the first heat exchanger 2 ensuring the sub-cooling of the refrigerant fluid.
- Figure 4 is another variant of the embodiment of Figure 2.
- the first heat exchanger 2 is configured to exchange heat with a heat transfer liquid circulating in a heat transfer liquid circuit 40.
- the first heat transfer fluid Fc in this case is a heat transfer liquid.
- a mixture of water and glycol can for example be used.
- the first heat exchanger 2 is here a two-fluid exchanger, configured to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid circulating in the circuit 50 and the heat transfer fluid circulating in the circuit 40.
- the coolant circuit 40 includes a fifth heat exchanger 25 configured to exchange heat with an interior air flow Fi to the vehicle cabin. The heating of the passenger compartment is ensured by the fifth heat exchanger 25. For this, the circuit 40 of coolant liquid recovers the heat coming from the condensation in the two-fluid exchanger 2 of the fluid high pressure and high temperature refrigerant from the compression device 1 .
- the coolant circuit 40 includes a pump 27 configured to circulate the coolant in the circuit 40.
- the coolant circuit 40 also includes a heater 26 configured to heat the coolant.
- the heater 26 is an electric heater. The heater 26 thus makes it possible to complete the action of the two-fluid exchanger 2 in order to heat the heat transfer liquid.
- the coolant circuit 40 also comprises a sixth heat exchanger 28 configured to exchange heat with an exterior air flow Fe to a passenger compartment of the vehicle. The sixth heat exchanger 28 thus makes it possible to cool the heat transfer liquid, in the operating modes where such cooling is required.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 comprises a third bypass branch D connecting a fifth connection point 15 disposed on the main loop and between the fourth point of connection 14 and the second expansion device 5 to a sixth connection point 16 disposed on the main loop A and included between the second connection point 12 and the accumulation device 7, the third branch D branch comprising a third expansion device 10 arranged upstream of a fourth heat exchanger 20.
- the fifth connection point 15 is arranged on the main loop A downstream of the fourth connection point 14 and upstream of the second expansion device 5.
- the sixth connection point 16 is arranged on the main loop A downstream of the second connection point 12 and upstream of the accumulation device 7. According to a variant not shown, the fifth connection point 15 can be confused with the fourth connection point 14. Similarly, the sixth connection point 16 can be confused with the second connection point 12.
- the third bypass branch D connects a fifth connection point 15 arranged on the main loop and between the fourth connection point 14 and the second expansion device 5 to a sixth connection point 16 arranged on the first branch branch B and between the first shut-off valve 8 and the second connection point 12, the third branch D branch comprising a third expansion device 10 arranged upstream of a fourth heat exchanger 20.
- This variant is equivalent from a thermodynamic point of view to the variant of figures 2, 3 and 4.
- the fourth heat exchanger 20 is configured to be thermally coupled with an element 30 of an electric traction chain of the vehicle.
- the third heat exchanger 20 is configured to exchange heat with the element 30 of the vehicle's traction chain.
- the heat exchange can be direct, that is to say that the exchanger 20 is in contact with the element 30.
- the heat exchange can be indirect, that is to say that the exchange heat between the element 30 and the fourth heat exchanger 20 occurs via a heat transfer liquid circulating in a closed circuit.
- the element 30 of the electric traction chain can be a battery 30 for storing electrical energy.
- the battery 30 can provide electrical energy to an electric traction motor of the vehicle.
- the element 30 of the electric traction chain can be an electronic module for controlling an electric traction motor of the vehicle.
- a sum of an internal volume of a main loop portion extending from an outlet 4b of the second heat exchanger 4 to the first connection point 11 and of an internal volume of a portion of first bypass branch B extending from the first connection point 11 to an inlet 8a of the first shut-off valve 8 defines a fifth reference volume V5, and the fifth volume of reference is less than 0.03 liters.
- the ratio of the fifth reference volume V5 and the second reference volume V2 is less than 0.5, preferably less than 0.1.
- the fifth reference volume has a low value.
- the main loop A comprises a check valve 23 disposed between the first connection point 11 and the fourth connection point 14, a length of a main loop portion A extending from the first connection point 11 to the check valve 23 defines a first reference distance d1 and a length of a main loop A extending from the check valve 23 to the fourth connection point 14 defines a second reference distance d2, and the ratio of the first reference distance d1 and the second reference distance d2 is less than 0, 5.
- a volume of a portion of main loop A extending from the first connection point 11 to the check valve 23 is less than 0.03 liters.
- the main loop portion extending from an outlet 2b of the first heat exchanger 2 to an inlet 3a of the first expansion device 3 comprises a first part having a first passage section S1 of refrigerant fluid and a second part having a second passage section S2 of refrigerant fluid, the ratio between the second passage section S2 and the first passage section S1 being greater than 2.
- passage section at a given location of the refrigerant circuit is meant the surface of a straight section of the circuit at this location.
- the main loop portion extending from an outlet 2b of the first heat exchanger 2 to an inlet 3a of the first expansion device 3 does not have a constant passage section.
- An additional volume is added to the refrigerant circulation tubes. This additional volume makes it possible to constitute a storage zone for the liquid refrigerant. This additional volume also makes it possible to reduce the noise caused by the circulation of the refrigerant fluid, in particular during sudden variations in pressure.
- an internal diameter of a main loop portion between an outlet 2b of the first heat exchanger 2 and an inlet 3a of the first expansion device 3 is greater than 13 millimeters, preferably greater than 15 millimeters.
- the tubes used to make this portion of the main loop have a diameter greater than that of the solutions according to the prior art, in order to constitute a storage zone for the liquid coolant.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 can operate according to various operating modes, depending on the flow rate and the pressure of the refrigerant fluid circulating in the main loop A as well as in the various bypass branches B, C, D.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 can also implement a method of operating in a so-called cooling mode, in which:
- the refrigerant circulates in the compression device 1 where it passes at high pressure, and circulates successively in the first heat exchanger 2 without yielding heat to the internal air flow Fi, in the first expansion device 3, in the second heat exchanger 4 where it yields heat from the outside air flow Fe and passes into the liquid state,
- the thermal conditioning system 100 can also implement a method of operation in another so-called cooling mode in which:
- the refrigerant fluid circulates in the compression device 1 where it passes at high pressure, and successively circulates in the first heat exchanger 2 where it yields heat to the coolant liquid and passes to the liquid state, in the first expansion 3, in the second heat exchanger 4,
- the thermal conditioning system 100 can also implement a method of operating in a so-called parallel dehumidification mode, in which:
- the refrigerant circulates in the compression device 1 where it passes at high pressure, and successively circulates in the first heat exchanger 2 where it yields heat to the heat transfer fluid and passes to the liquid state,
- the refrigerant is divided between a first flow circulating in the main loop A and a second flow circulating in the second bypass branch C,
- the first flow circulates in the first expansion device 3 where it passes at low pressure, in the second heat exchanger 4 where it absorbs heat from the external air flow Fe and passes to the gaseous state, then circulates in the first derivation branch B,
- the second flow joins the main loop A upstream of the second expansion device 5 where it passes at low pressure, and circulates in the third heat exchanger 6 where it absorbs heat from the interior air flow Fi and passes to the gaseous state,
- the low-pressure refrigerant circulates simultaneously in the first heat exchanger 2, in the second heat exchanger 4 and in the third heat exchanger 6.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 can also operate in modes ensuring cooling or heating of the element 30 of the electric traction chain.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR2012035A FR3116471B1 (fr) | 2020-11-23 | 2020-11-23 | Système de conditionnement thermique pour véhicule automobile |
PCT/EP2021/081755 WO2022106374A1 (fr) | 2020-11-23 | 2021-11-16 | Système de conditionnement thermique pour véhicule automobile |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP4247653A1 true EP4247653A1 (fr) | 2023-09-27 |
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EP21811337.1A Pending EP4247653A1 (fr) | 2020-11-23 | 2021-11-16 | Système de conditionnement thermique pour véhicule automobile |
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US (1) | US20230406067A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4247653A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN116745150A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3116471B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022106374A1 (fr) |
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FR3139506B1 (fr) * | 2022-09-14 | 2024-08-02 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Système de conditionnement thermique |
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JP3855385B2 (ja) * | 1997-08-25 | 2006-12-06 | 株式会社デンソー | 冷凍サイクル用レシーバ |
DE10317551B3 (de) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-04-22 | Siemens Ag | Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage mit CO2-Kältemittel |
DE102006001919A1 (de) * | 2006-01-14 | 2007-07-19 | Volkswagen Ag | Kältemittel-Kreislauf für eine Klimaanlage in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
JP2015128916A (ja) * | 2014-01-06 | 2015-07-16 | 株式会社デンソー | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
FR3096121B1 (fr) * | 2019-05-17 | 2021-04-30 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Dispositif de gestion thermique avec vanne de régulation de pression d’évaporation |
-
2020
- 2020-11-23 FR FR2012035A patent/FR3116471B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-11-16 WO PCT/EP2021/081755 patent/WO2022106374A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-11-16 US US18/253,985 patent/US20230406067A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-16 EP EP21811337.1A patent/EP4247653A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-11-16 CN CN202180091540.3A patent/CN116745150A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2022106374A1 (fr) | 2022-05-27 |
US20230406067A1 (en) | 2023-12-21 |
FR3116471B1 (fr) | 2022-10-14 |
FR3116471A1 (fr) | 2022-05-27 |
CN116745150A (zh) | 2023-09-12 |
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