Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
  • F16F1/00—Springs
  • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
  • F16F1/32—Belleville-type springs
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
  • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
  • F16F3/02—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
  • F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
  • F16F2222/02—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects temperature-related
  • F16F2222/025—Cooling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a spring washer or Belleville washer offering improved temperature resistance.
• a spring washer or elastic washer also referred to as a Belleville washer from the name of its inventor, is a washer which performs a spring function by elastic deformation.
• This type of spring washer is frequently used when low flexibility is desired under heavy load, as opposed to a conventional spiral spring which will provide it with high flexibility.
• these washers have the advantage of being able to be combined in various ways, which not only makes it possible to obtain the desired stiffness for the assembly, but also to create systems with variable stiffness.
• the elastic washers can be arranged together to increase the rigidity by mounting them in series, or to increase the travel by mounting them in parallel, or even by mounting certain washers in parallel and certain in series.
• a spring washer incorporating at least one channel configured for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid allowing control puck thermal.
• the realization of this channel can be made possible by using an additive manufacturing process.
• the spring washer comprises a body integrating a fluidic circuit intended for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid.
• the washer has two annular faces, connected by inner and outer side faces respectively. Said fluidic circuit is provided between said two annular faces.
• the two annular faces can be of frustoconical shape.
• additive manufacturing makes it possible to manufacture the washers in grades of materials resistant to creep at high temperature, for example of the order of 700° C. While these grades are not available for conventional manufacturing of spring washers by stamping or the available materials are very few.
• the Schnorr company offers a single nickel-cobalt alloy designated Nimonic 90® (NiCr20Co80Ti) whose working temperature is between -200°C and +700°C.
• the spring washer incorporates its heat exchange circuit to extract or provide heat to the washer.
• One of the subjects of the present application is a spring washer comprising a body integrating a fluidic circuit intended for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid.
• Said spring washer can be manufactured by additive manufacturing.
• the fluidic circuit comprises channels distributed in a body of the spring washer.
• the spring washer comprises a supply channel connected to the supply orifice and an evacuation channel connected to the evacuation orifice, said conduits being intended to be connected to a fluid circulation system coolant, said ducts being made in one piece with the body of the washer.
• said ducts are made in one piece with the body of the washer by additive manufacturing.
• the spring washer being at least partly made of a nickel-based superalloy, for example Inconel®718.
• the manufacture can be carried out by powder bed fusion.
• the spring washer comprises parts made of different materials and/or having different mechanical properties.
• Another object of the present application is a system of spring washers comprising several spring washers according to the invention, the spring washers being assembled so as to have all the tapers oriented in the same direction and made in one piece.
• the manufacturing can be carried out by additive manufacturing.
• Another object of the present application is a system of spring washers comprising several spring washers according to the invention, said spring washers being assembled so that two adjacent spring washers have conicities oriented in opposite directions and made in one piece.
• the manufacturing can be carried out by additive manufacturing.
• the fluidic circuits of the spring washers are interconnected and in which the system comprises a supply conduit connected to all the fluidic circuits and an evacuation conduit connected to all the fluidic circuits.
• the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a spring washer or a system of spring washers as described above. Said manufacturing process is carried out by additive manufacturing.
• said additive manufacturing is made of lnconel®718 by powder bed fusion BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an example of a spring washer.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a view from above of the spring washer of FIG. 1 in transparency showing the circulation of the heat transfer fluid.
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the sectional view of Figure 1.
• FIG. 4B is a top view of the spring washer of FIG. 4A, the upper wall being removed.
• FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of the load in N of the washer as a function of the compression in mm for a washer of the state of the art and a washer according to the invention.
• FIG. 6A is a perspective view of an example of a system of spring washers arranged in series.
• FIG. 6B is a sectional view of the system of Figure 6A.
• FIG. 6C is a sectional view of FIG. 6A along two intersecting planes at the level of the axis of the washer.
• FIG. 7A is a perspective view of an example of a system of spring washers arranged in parallel.
• FIG. 7B is a sectional view of the system of Figure 7A.
• FIG. 7C is a sectional view of FIG. 7A along two intersecting planes at the level of the axis of the washer.
• the spring washer R may have a generally frustoconical shape with a longitudinal axis X.
• the washer R comprises two frustoconical annular faces 2, 4 connected by side faces 6, 8 inside and outside respectively.
• a body of the washer is formed by all the annular and lateral faces.
• Figures 1 and 2 show the body of the washer formed by the tapered annular faces (2, 4) and the side faces (6, 8).
• the washer comprises a fluidic circuit 10 provided between its two annular faces 2, 4 for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid, at least one supply orifice 12 of said circuit and at least one discharge orifice 14 of said circuit.
• the supply and discharge orifices are formed in the outer side face 6, in at least one part which remains accessible even after assembly of the washer in the system in which it is used.
• the fluidic circuit 10 is configured to allow a relatively uniform circulation of the fluid throughout the washer and thus ensure a relatively uniform extraction or heat supply.
• the fluidic circuit 10 comprises at least one fluidic channel 16.
• the fluidic circuit 10 comprises five cavities or channels 16 of circular and concentric shape.
• the channels are centered on the X axis.
• the channels are connected in parallel to the supply orifice and to the outlet orifice.
• a single supply orifice and a single outlet orifice are implemented.
• Two adjacent channels are separated by a circular wall 18 and two adjacent channels are connected to each other by passages formed through the wall 18.
• the channels are connected in parallel to the supply port 12 by passages 20 aligned radially with the supply port and are connected in parallel to the evacuation orifice 14 by passages 22 aligned radially with the evacuation orifice 14.
• the circulation of the fluid in the spring washer is symbolized by the arrows F.
• the parallel supply and evacuation of the channels offers the advantage of ensuring homogeneous heat extraction throughout the body of the washer.
• the washer comprises ducts 24, 26 respectively connected to the supply orifice and to the discharge orifice allowing connection to a heat transfer fluid circulation system.
• the ducts are made in one piece with the body of the spring washer.
• the circulation system is for example a closed circuit comprising for example a heat transfer fluid tank, a circulation pump and advantageously a heat exchanger to cool the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the washer in a high temperature application, or means for heating the heat transfer fluid in a low temperature application.
• the fluidic circuit comprises a circular channel radially inside the washer and a circular channel radially outside the washer and radial channels.
• the circuit is configured to supply the radially-inward circular channel with coolant which will flow through the radial channels to the radially-outward circular channel which is connected to the exhaust port.
• spring washer R′ comprising a fluidic circuit in which portions of channels 28 are oriented radially and are connected to each other so as to cause the fluid to circulate alternately towards the outside and outward from the washer in the radial direction.
• the channel portions 28 are connected by circular arc-shaped channel portions 30 located on the radially outer periphery and bordering the latter, and circular arc-shaped channel portions 32 located on the radially outer periphery. inside and bordering it.
• the arrows F' symbolize the flow of the fluid.
• the washer comprises ducts 34, 36 respectively connected to the supply orifice and to the discharge orifice allowing connection to a circulation system for the heat transfer fluid.
• channel portions 28 and 30 are connected together so that the fluidic circuit comprises two distinct channels connected in parallel to the supply channel 34 and to the evacuation conduit 36.
• the channel portions 28 and 30 are connected to each other so that the fluidic circuit forms a single channel connected to the supply conduit by one end and to the evacuation conduit by the other end.
• the heat transfer fluid can be a gas or a liquid which, by its physical properties, makes it possible to transport heat from one point to another.
• the gaseous heat transfer fluid can be chosen, for example, from nitrogen, helium, air, carbon dioxide and superheated steam.
• Halogenated fluids for example Perfluorocarbon (PFC) and Hydrofluoroether (HFE), can be used in applications requiring their dielectric strength and volatility.
• the liquid heat transfer fluid can be chosen from organic fluids in the form of mineral or synthetic oil for operating temperatures below 350°C. For applications at higher temperatures, heat transfer fluids such as molten salts or even liquid metals can be used.
• the washer has an outside diameter of 125 mm, an inside diameter of 51 mm, a thickness of 6 mm, a free height h of 9.4 mm.
• the thickness e of the walls of the channels is equal to 1 mm.
• the wall thickness between the channels can be different from the wall thickness of the faces 2, 4.
• the spring washer with integrated cooling circuit is manufactured by additive manufacturing, which makes it possible to produce channels in a reduced volume.
• the washer can be made, for example, by a process by powder bed fusion or PBF (Powder Bed Fusion in Anglo-Saxon terminology) or by a process of material deposition under concentrated energy or DED (Directed Energy Deposition in Anglo-Saxon terminology).
• PBF Powder Bed Fusion in Anglo-Saxon terminology
• DED Directed Energy Deposition in Anglo-Saxon terminology
• the PBF processes consist in melting, for example by means of a laser beam, certain regions of a bed of powder, one then speaks of LBM (Laser Beam Melting in Anglo-Saxon terminology) for melting by laser beam. This method offers a better resolution, it makes it possible to produce thin walls, of the order of 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
• Powder bed fusion processes offer great geometric freedom and flexibility in production.
• the LBM method is more suitable for materials based on iron, nickel and aluminium
• EBM Electro Beam Melting in Anglo-Saxon terminology
• the LBM method can proceed as follows.
• the alloy used to form the powder bed is in the form of a powder with a particle size of less than 50 ⁇ m. It is spread by a bed scraper with a thickness varying between 30 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m.
• a fiber optic YAG laser is used, with a power of 400 to 1000 W.
• the beam produced by this laser is oriented by mirrors to selectively scan the bed so as to merge the grains in the zones defined upstream in a digital file.
• the melting point depends on the metal alloy used but at the focusing point of the laser beam, the temperature can reach 2000°C, melting the upper layer of powder but also one or more of the lower layers, thus locally creating a bath liquid. The solidification of successive layers will form the part.
• elements forming supports are provided and manufactured at the same time as the part in order to ensure that it is held in the bed and avoid any risk of the latter collapsing, which would deform the final geometry of the part.
• These supports advantageously form the role of heat sinks, ensuring a wider distribution in the room of the heat concentrated around the focal point.
• a high energy electron beam is used to melt and fuse metal powder.
• This method is called EBM (Electron Beam Melting in Anglo-Saxon terminology) for electron beam melting.
• EBM Electro Beam Melting in Anglo-Saxon terminology
• the process takes place under vacuum.
• This method nevertheless offers a lower resolution than the LBM method.
• DED processes consist in depositing a molten material, for example by means of a laser beam, an electrical resistance, an electron beam, a beam of UV light, the material being brought into solid form, for example in the form with wire or powder.
• the ducts are produced simultaneously with the body of the spring washer by additive manufacturing.
• the manufacture of spring washers by additive manufacturing also has the advantage of being able to manufacture spring washers in materials which are not generally used to manufacture state-of-the-art spring washers, because they are not suitable for the process of conventional manufacture of spring washers.
• Spring washers having substantially improved creep resistance independent of the coolant circuit can be manufactured.
• the spring washer can be made of a nickel-based superalloy, for example lnconel®718 by the LBM process, i.e. by the powder bed fusion process using the laser to melt the material, which gives it a very good resistance to creep at high temperature, of the order of 700° C. in air.
• a nickel-based superalloy for example lnconel®718 by the LBM process, i.e. by the powder bed fusion process using the laser to melt the material, which gives it a very good resistance to creep at high temperature, of the order of 700° C. in air.
• the spring washer can also be made of a titanium alloy, for example TA6V, of stainless steel, for example 310s austenitic stainless steel.
• the spring washer can be made of S460 carbon-manganese, A420F.M carbon steel with reduced brittleness at low temperature.
• FIG. 5 represents the load curves Cl of a washer of the state of the art and the load curve C2 of a washer according to the invention (force E in N as a function of crushing EC in mm) for an IN718 washer having the dimensions given above.
• Spring washers C1 and C2 have the same external dimensions.
• the spring washer according to the invention has a rigidity equal to approximately 60% of a spring washer of the state of the art.
• Additive manufacturing also makes it possible to produce washers in several materials, which makes it possible to produce a spring washer combining the advantages of the properties of these. For example, similar materials can be used but having different ductilities.
• the arrows F1 symbolize the circulation of the fluid in the fluidic circuit.
• This system also has the advantage of offering simplified handling since it is in one piece.
• the washers are made in one piece by additive manufacturing and at least one fluid circuit is formed in the system of washers. This system also has the advantage of offering simplified handling since it is in one piece.
• the system comprises at least two spring washers mounted in parallel and at least two washers mounted in series.
• FIGS. 6A to 6C and 7A to 7C allow energy storage.
• the use of several materials making it possible to combine the properties of these materials is particularly advantageous in systems of spring washers in series and in parallel.
• the spring washer according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in high temperature environments, for example for mounting on a high temperature electrolyser, for example in the space field, for example in satellites and rocket engines, in the field of the steel industry, in furnaces in which elements must be pressurized, in the field of aeronautics, for example in the reactors of fighter planes, or airliners.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Springs (AREA)
• Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=74592115

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2020
  • 2020-11-16 FR FR2011714A patent/FR3116315B1/fr active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-11-15 EP EP21819542.8A patent/EP4244500A1/de active Pending
  • 2021-11-15 WO PCT/FR2021/052015 patent/WO2022101593A1/fr unknown

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