EP4240969A1 - Conveying a fluid containing a (meth)acrylic monomer by means of a pump - Google Patents
Conveying a fluid containing a (meth)acrylic monomer by means of a pumpInfo
- Publication number
- EP4240969A1 EP4240969A1 EP21801559.2A EP21801559A EP4240969A1 EP 4240969 A1 EP4240969 A1 EP 4240969A1 EP 21801559 A EP21801559 A EP 21801559A EP 4240969 A1 EP4240969 A1 EP 4240969A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- pump
- pump chamber
- drive shaft
- meth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical group COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UZFMOKQJFYMBGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-TEMPO Chemical group CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1[O] UZFMOKQJFYMBGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCOC(=O)C=C NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSWDLYNGJBGFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-di-2-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound CCC(C)NC1=CC=C(NC(C)CC)C=C1 FSWDLYNGJBGFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D7/00—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
- F04D7/02—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
- F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D13/021—Units comprising pumps and their driving means containing a coupling
- F04D13/024—Units comprising pumps and their driving means containing a coupling a magnetic coupling
- F04D13/026—Details of the bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/026—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for liquid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
- F04D29/043—Shafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
- F04D29/046—Bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
- F04D29/046—Bearings
- F04D29/0465—Ceramic bearing designs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
- F04D29/046—Bearings
- F04D29/047—Bearings hydrostatic; hydrodynamic
- F04D29/0473—Bearings hydrostatic; hydrodynamic for radial pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/22—Non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/226—Carbides
- F05D2300/2263—Carbides of tungsten, e.g. WC
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for conveying a liquid F by means of a pump P, the liquid F containing at least 10% by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer, the pump P having a pump chamber (3), the pump chamber (3) having at least one Contains a conveying element (4) for conveying the liquid F, the conveying element (4) is connected to a drive shaft (6) in such a way that the drive shaft (6) can transmit torque to the conveying element (4), the bearing of the drive shaft by means of at least two Plain bearing (5) in the pump chamber (3) takes place and the plain bearings (5) are made of tungsten carbide.
- (meth)acrylic monomers stands for "acrylic monomers and/or methacrylic monomers”.
- acrylic monomer stands for acrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid and/or acrylonitrile.
- methacrylic monomer stands for methacrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid and/or methacrylonitrile.
- the (meth)acrylic monomers referred to in this document should include the following (meth)acrylic acid esters: hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
- (Meth)acrylic monomers are important starting compounds for the production of polymers that are used, for example, as adhesives.
- (Meth)acrylic acid is produced industrially predominantly by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of suitable C3/C4 precursor compounds, in particular of propene and propane in the case of acrylic acid or of isobutene and isobutane in the case of methacrylic acid.
- suitable C3/C4 precursor compounds in particular of propene and propane in the case of acrylic acid or of isobutene and isobutane in the case of methacrylic acid.
- propane, isobutene and isobutane other compounds containing 3 or 4 carbon atoms are also suitable as starting materials, for example isobutanol, n-propanol or the methyl ether of isobutanol.
- Esters of (meth)acrylic acid can be obtained, for example, by reacting (meth)acrylic acid directly with the corresponding alcohols. However, in this case too, product mixtures are initially obtained, from which the (meth)acrylic esters have to be removed, for example by rectification and/or extraction.
- the solvent can be either aqueous or an organic solvent.
- the specific nature of the solvent is essentially immaterial in the present invention.
- the content of (meth)acrylic monomers in solutions to be conveyed can be >20% by weight, or >40% by weight, or >60% by weight, or >80% by weight, or >90% by weight. , or >95% by weight, or >99% by weight.
- the pump to be used should therefore be designed in such a way that, in addition to the intended inlet and outlet for the at least one (meth)acrylic monomer-containing Fluid F has no unintended discharge parts, leaks. At the same time, however, it should be such that undesirable radical polymerization of the (meth)acrylic monomers on mechanically stressed components (eg drive shaft bearings) is prevented.
- mechanically stressed components eg drive shaft bearings
- DE 102 28 859 A therefore recommends in its FIG. 1 to convey a liquid F containing at least one (meth)acrylic monomer to use a feed pump which has a pump chamber (3), a drive chamber (5) and a pump chamber and the drive chamber from one another separating space (4), and the space (4) is filled with a barrier medium, the drive shaft is not supported (8) within the pump space (3), the pressure of the barrier medium in the space (4) is greater than the pressure in the pump chamber (3) and than the pressure in the drive chamber (5).
- the object of the present invention was to provide a new method for conveying a liquid F containing at least one (meth)acrylic monomer by means of a feed pump, with undesired radical polymerization of the (meth)acrylic monomers on mechanically stressed components (e.g. bearings of drive shafts) being prevented.
- a method for conveying a liquid F by means of a pump P wherein the liquid F contains at least 10% by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer, the pump P has a pump chamber (3), the pump chamber (3) has at least one conveying element ( 4) contains for conveying the liquid F, the liquid F is supplied to the pump chamber (3) with an input energy, the liquid F leaves the pump chamber (3) with an output energy that is greater than the input energy, the conveying element (4) with is connected to a drive shaft (6) in such a way that the drive shaft (6) can transmit a torque to the conveying element (4), and the drive shaft is supported by means of at least two plain bearings (5) in the pump chamber (3), characterized in that the Plain bearings (5) are made of tungsten carbide.
- FIG. 1 of this document shows a schematic illustration of a pump P to be used according to the invention.
- the reference symbols (1) and (2) designate the point of entry and exit of the liquid F into and out of the pump P, respectively.
- the liquid F preferably contains at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 90% by weight, of a (meth)acrylic monomer.
- the preferred (meth)acrylic monomers are acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate and cyclohexyl acrylate.
- the temperature of the liquid is preferably from 10 to 120°C, more preferably from 40 to 100°C, most preferably from 50 to 90°C.
- the liquid F advantageously contains a polymerization inhibitor, for example hydroquinone monomethyl ether, phenothiazine, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, hydroquinone and N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine.
- a polymerization inhibitor for example hydroquinone monomethyl ether, phenothiazine, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, hydroquinone and N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine.
- the amount of polymerization inhibitor in the liquid F is preferably from 0.001 to 1% by weight, more preferably from 0.003 to 0.3% by weight, most preferably from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight.
- Pumps P preferred according to the invention are centrifugal pumps and side channel pumps.
- centrifugal pumps and side channel pumps work according to the dynamic principle.
- a rotating impeller (the pumping element connected to the drive shaft) transfers work in the form of kinetic energy from the impeller to the liquid F to be pumped. After the impeller, the kinetic energy is mainly converted back into static pressure (pressure energy, law of conservation of energy) in a diffuser and/or in the volute casing.
- the impeller is a simple disc on which blades are attached.
- the blades create blade channels, the cross-section of which normally increases greatly from the inside to the outside due to the increasing circumference. As much liquid F to be conveyed can be thrown away through these vane channels as can flow into the middle of the impeller. In contrast to the piston pump, the liquid F to be pumped in the centrifugal and side channel pump flows continuously during operation.
- closed impellers In contrast to open impellers, closed impellers can also be used.
- the blade channels are simply covered by a second disc that has an opening in the middle.
- the curvature of the blade usually runs like the natural path of a water droplet on a rotating, round, smooth disk from the point of view of a co-rotating observer if the water droplet falls onto the center of the disk.
- This blade shape is called "Backward-curved” blade is referred to.
- blades that are slightly forward-curved and also helical, i.e. twisted, backward-curved blades, which protrude with their cutting edges into the impeller inlet and capture the liquid F like a ship's propeller can also be used.
- a centrifugal pump (a centrifugal pumping chamber) consists of the pump housing and the impeller rotating in the pump housing and equipped with blades.
- the liquid F enters axially through the suction port. It is deflected radially outwards by the centrifugal force and accelerated by the impeller to high speed.
- the pump housing has the task of catching the liquid F from all vane channels so that it can be collected and passed on through the pressure outlets. At the same time, however, the pump housing has the task of converting the kinetic energy of the liquid F into pressure. For this purpose, use is usually made of the fact that an enlargement of the cross section reduces the speed of the liquid F and thus causes an increase in pressure.
- Two designs of the pump housing are common to increase the cross-section. Volute casings are often used in single-stage pumps or behind the last stage of multi-stage centrifugal pumps.
- stationary diffusers are also used, particularly in the case of multi-stage pumps.
- the guide wheel is installed in the pump housing and is designed as an annular space. It encloses the impeller. Guide vanes are arranged in the guide wheel, which form channels that widen towards each other towards the outside.
- the liquid F is not thrown directly into the pump housing, but first flows through the vane channels of the diffuser. By expanding in the direction of flow, they in turn cause the flow rate to slow down and the resulting pressure build-up.
- the direction of the diffuser channels is normally opposite to the direction of the impeller channels and corresponds to the direction of the discharge velocity of the pumped liquid from the impeller on the inner circumference of the diffuser.
- Another task of the diffuser is to collect the liquid F in two-stage centrifugal pumps and to lead it to the inlet of the second stage.
- liquid F is first collected in diffuser before it can get into spiral housing.
- the pump chamber of the method according to the invention can also be designed as a multi-stage centrifugal pump, as is described in Pumps in the Fire Service, Part 1, Introduction to Hydromechanics, Operation of Centrifugal Pumps, 4th edition 1998, Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Berlin. Single-stage centrifugal pumps are preferred according to the invention.
- a narrow impeller with open blades rotates in the casing, in which a side channel runs around most of the circumference next to the blades.
- the liquid to be pumped does not enter the axis, but rather through a slit in the end face of the vane chambers, with the liquid already in the chambers being forced outwards by centrifugal force.
- the flow at the casing wall is deflected into the side channel, where it describes a helical path and, after a short distance, re-enters the impeller. This process is repeated e.g. 10 to 50 times for a liquid particle on the way from the suction to the pressure connection, depending on the throughput.
- the liquid In the vane chambers, the liquid is accelerated not only in the radial direction but also to the peripheral speed of the wheel. With this peripheral speed and the superimposed circulation speed, the liquid particle passes from the impeller into the side channel. On the further helical path, the circulation component is slowed down only slightly by wall friction, while the circumferential component is slowed down considerably and essentially only as a result of the pressure build-up. The loss of kinetic energy of the resulting flow is compensated again and again in the impeller.
- the drive shaft (6) can be driven by a magnetic coupling or a canned motor.
- the magnetic coupling uses the attraction and repulsion forces between permanent magnets in both coupling halves for non-contact and non-slip torque transmission. Between the two magnet-equipped coupling halves there is a can that separates the product space and the environment.
- the canned motor is an electric motor in which the rotor and stator are separated by a can. The can is located in the gap between the motor's stator and rotor.
- the drive shaft (6) is located entirely in the pump chamber (3). This eliminates the need for a seal between the drive shaft (6) and the pump chamber (3). However, the drive shaft (6) must be mounted in the pump chamber (3) using plain bearings (5).
- a plain bearing is generally understood to be a machine element for supporting or guiding machine parts that are movable relative to one another, with it absorbing the forces that occur and dissipating them to the housing, component or foundation.
- the present invention is based on the finding that silicon carbide, which is frequently used as a material for plain bearings, promotes the undesired polymerization of (meth)acrylic monomers. On the other hand, this effect does not occur when tungsten carbide is used for this purpose.
- Tungsten carbide can be made directly from the elements.
- the carbon atoms are stored between the lattice sites of the tungsten.
- a gaseous product gas mixture with the following composition was generated by two-stage catalytic gas-phase oxidation of propylene with molecular oxygen:
- Residual amount up to 100% by weight Propionic acid, furfural, propane, propene, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon oxides.
- This gaseous product gas mixture was cooled in a spray cooler (direct cooler, quench) by injecting crude acrylic acid (4000 l/h) (the temperature of the crude acrylic acid was 95° C.; the crude acrylic acid used for direct cooling contained 1.1 as starting concentrations wt .-% water and 0.1 wt .-% phenothiazine as a polymerization inhibitor).
- the crude acrylic acid used for quenching was circulated by means of a circulating pump via a heat exchanger and repeatedly readjusted to 95.degree.
- a centrifugal pump of the type MKP 32-160 (CP-Pumpen AG, Zofingen, Switzerland) was used as the circulating pump in the quench. Pump room and drive room are separated by a metal wall. The drive in the pump room was magnetically coupled. The drive shaft was mounted horizontally in the pump room with a plain bearing made of silicon carbide.
- the cooled gas mixture leaving the spray cooler and containing the acrylic acid to be separated off was fed below the bottom tray into a rectification column which was equipped with 27 bubble-cap trays and a spray condenser at the top of the column.
- the temperature at the top of the column was 20°C and the bottom temperature of the rectification column was 90°C.
- the condensate obtained in the spray condenser which consisted mainly of water, was discharged and, after addition of 0.03% by weight of hydroquinone and cooling in a heat exchanger, as a spray liquid at a temperature of 17° C. via the spray condenser as reflux back to the top column tray upset.
- the reflux ratio was 4.
- the crude acrylic acid obtained at the bottom of the rectification column was partly discharged (430 g/h), partly (250 g/h) after the addition of 0.1% by weight of phenothiazine to inhibit polymerization of the rectification column on the 13th tray of the column (Calculated from below) recycled and partly (about 15 l / h) first passed through a heat exchanger and then at a temperature of 100 ° C on the z. Bottom of the column (calculated from below) recycled to adjust the column temperature. A further portion of the crude acrylic acid obtained at the bottom of the column was fed to the quench at a temperature of 102° C. via a heat exchanger upstream of the quench to equalize the liquid.
- the discharged crude acrylic acid contained 97.2% by weight of acrylic acid, 1.6% by weight of acetic acid, 0.024% by weight of propionic acid, 0.4% by weight of maleic acid, 0.005% by weight of acrolein, 0.02% by weight % furfural and 1.2% by weight water and 0.05% by weight phenothiazine and 0.03% by weight hydroquinone.
- the centrifugal pump was blocked by polymer formation within less than 10 hours of operation.
- the procedure is as in example 1.
- the silicon carbide plain bearings are replaced by tungsten carbide plain bearings.
- the process can be operated without interruption.
- SiC silicon carbide
- WC tungsten carbide
- MEHQ hydroquinone monomethyl ether
- SiC silicon carbide
- WC tungsten carbide
- MEHQ hydroquinone monomethyl ether
- Silicon carbide destabilizes significantly more than tungsten carbide.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for conveying a fluid F by means of a pump P, wherein the fluid F contains at least 10 wt.% of a (meth)acrylic monomer, the pump P has a pump chamber (3), the pump chamber (3) contains at least one conveying element (4) for conveying the fluid F, the conveying element (4) is connected to a drive shaft (6) such that the drive shaft (6) can transfer a torque onto the conveying element (4), the drive shaft is supported by means of at least two plain bearings (5) in the pump chamber (3) and the plain bearings (5) are made of tungsten carbide.
Description
Fördern einer (Meth)acrylmonomere enthaltenden Flüssigkeit mittels einer Pumpe Conveying a liquid containing (meth)acrylic monomers by means of a pump
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Fördern einer Flüssigkeit F mittels einer Pumpe P, wobei die Flüssigkeit F mindestens 10 Gew.-% eines (Meth)acrylmonomeren enthält, die Pumpe P einen Pumpenraum (3) aufweist, der Pumpenraum (3) mindestens ein Förderelement (4) zur Förderung der Flüssigkeit F enthält, das Förderelement (4) mit einer Antriebswelle (6) so verbunden ist, dass die Antriebswelle (6) auf das Förderelement (4) ein Drehmoment übertragen kann, die Lagerung der Antriebswelle mittels mindestens zweier Gleitlager (5) im Pumpenraum (3) erfolgt und die Gleitlager (5) aus Wolframcarbid sind. The present invention relates to a method for conveying a liquid F by means of a pump P, the liquid F containing at least 10% by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer, the pump P having a pump chamber (3), the pump chamber (3) having at least one Contains a conveying element (4) for conveying the liquid F, the conveying element (4) is connected to a drive shaft (6) in such a way that the drive shaft (6) can transmit torque to the conveying element (4), the bearing of the drive shaft by means of at least two Plain bearing (5) in the pump chamber (3) takes place and the plain bearings (5) are made of tungsten carbide.
Der Begriff (Meth)acrylmonomere steht in dieser Schrift verkürzend für „Acrylmonomere und/oder Methacrylmonomere". In this document, the term (meth)acrylic monomers stands for "acrylic monomers and/or methacrylic monomers".
Der Begriff Acrylmonomer steht in dieser Schrift verkürzend für Acrylsäure, Ester der Acrylsäure und/oder Acrylnitril. In this document, the term acrylic monomer stands for acrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid and/or acrylonitrile.
Der Begriff Methacrylmonomer steht in dieser Schrift verkürzend für Methacrylsäure, Ester der Methacrylsäure und/oder Methacryl nitril. In this document, the term methacrylic monomer stands for methacrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid and/or methacrylonitrile.
Im Besonderen sollen die in dieser Schrift angesprochenen (Meth)acrylmonomeren die nachfolgenden (Meth)acrylsäureester umfassen Hydroxyethylacrylat, Hydroxyethylmethacrylat, Hydro- xypropylacrylat, Hydroxypropylmethacrylat, Glycidylacrylat, Glycidylmethacrylat, Methylacrylat, Methylmethacrylat, n-Butylacrylat, n-Butylmethacrylat, tert.-Butylacrylat, tert.-Butylmethacrylat, Ethylacrylat, Ethylmethacrylat, 2-Ethylhexylacrylat, 2-Ethylhexylmethacrylat, N,N- Dimethylaminoethylacrylat und N,N-Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylat. In particular, the (meth)acrylic monomers referred to in this document should include the following (meth)acrylic acid esters: hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
(Meth)acrylmonomere sind wichtige Ausgangsverbindungen zur Herstellung von Polymeren, die z.B. als Klebstoffe Verwendung finden. (Meth)acrylic monomers are important starting compounds for the production of polymers that are used, for example, as adhesives.
(Meth)acrylsäure wird großtechnisch überwiegend durch katalytische Gasphasenoxidation geeigneter C3-/C4-Vorläuferverbindungen, insbesondere von Propen und Propan im Fall von Acrylsäure bzw. von iso-Buten und iso-Butan im Fall der Methacrylsäure, hergestellt. Neben Propen, Propan, iso-Buten und iso-Butan eignen sich als Ausgangsstoffe jedoch auch andere 3 bzw. 4 Kohlenstoffatome enthaltende Verbindungen, beispielsweise iso-Butanol, n-Propanol oder der Methylether von iso-Butanol.
Dabei wird normalerweise ein Produktgasgemisch erhalten, aus dem die (Meth)acrylsäure durch absorptive, rektifikative, extraktive und/oder kristallisative Verfahren abgetrennt werden muss (vgl. z.B. DE 102 24 341 A). In entsprechender Weise ist (Meth)acrylnitril durch katalytische Ammoxidation von den vorgenannten C3-/C4-Vorläuferverbindungen und nachfolgende Abtrennung aus dem Produktgasgemisch erhältlich. (Meth)acrylic acid is produced industrially predominantly by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of suitable C3/C4 precursor compounds, in particular of propene and propane in the case of acrylic acid or of isobutene and isobutane in the case of methacrylic acid. However, in addition to propene, propane, isobutene and isobutane, other compounds containing 3 or 4 carbon atoms are also suitable as starting materials, for example isobutanol, n-propanol or the methyl ether of isobutanol. This normally gives a product gas mixture from which the (meth)acrylic acid has to be separated off by absorptive, rectificative, extractive and/or crystallizative processes (cf., for example, DE 102 24 341 A). (Meth)acrylonitrile can be obtained in a corresponding manner by catalytic ammoxidation of the aforementioned C3/C4 precursor compounds and subsequent separation from the product gas mixture.
Ester der (Meth)acrylsäure sind z.B. durch direkte Umsetzung von (Meth)acrylsäure mit den entsprechenden Alkoholen erhältlich. Allerdings fallen auch in diesem Fall zunächst Produktgemische an, aus denen die (Meth)acrylsäureester z.B. rektifikativ und/oder extraktiv abgetrennt werden müssen. Esters of (meth)acrylic acid can be obtained, for example, by reacting (meth)acrylic acid directly with the corresponding alcohols. However, in this case too, product mixtures are initially obtained, from which the (meth)acrylic esters have to be removed, for example by rectification and/or extraction.
Insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit den vorgenannten Abtrennungen ist es immer wieder erforderlich, (Meth)acrylmonomere in mehr oder weniger reiner Form oder in Lösung befindlich zu fördern (in dieser Schrift generell als (Meth)acrylmonomere enthaltende Flüssigkeiten F bezeichnet). Particularly in connection with the aforementioned separations, it is repeatedly necessary to convey (meth)acrylic monomers in more or less pure form or in solution (generally referred to in this document as liquids F containing (meth)acrylic monomers).
Das Lösungsmittel kann dabei sowohl wässrig als auch ein organisches Lösungsmittel sein. Die spezifische Art des Lösungsmittels ist erfindungsgemäß im Wesentlichen unbeachtlich. Der Gehalt von zu fördernden Lösungen an (Meth)acrylmonomeren kann > 20 Gew.-%, oder > 40 Gew.-%, oder > 60 Gew.-%, oder > 80 Gew.-%, oder > 90 Gew.-%, oder > 95 Gew.-%, oder > 99 Gew.-% betragen. The solvent can be either aqueous or an organic solvent. The specific nature of the solvent is essentially immaterial in the present invention. The content of (meth)acrylic monomers in solutions to be conveyed can be >20% by weight, or >40% by weight, or >60% by weight, or >80% by weight, or >90% by weight. , or >95% by weight, or >99% by weight.
Im Rahmen dieses Förderns müssen Höhenunterschiede und/oder Strömungswiderstände überwunden werden. Dies ist nur dadurch möglich, dass der zu fördernden Flüssigkeit Energie zugeführt wird. Dies erfolgt üblicherweise mittels sogenannten Strömungsmaschinen, die auch als Pumpen bezeichnet werden. Within the scope of this promotion, height differences and/or flow resistances have to be overcome. This is only possible if energy is supplied to the liquid to be pumped. This is usually done by means of so-called flow machines, which are also referred to as pumps.
In Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage, Band 3, Seiten 155 bis 184, Verlag Chemie 1973, wird eine Vielzahl von zum Fördern von Flüssigkeiten verwendbaren Pumpen beschrieben. Zum Fördern von (Meth)acrylmonomere enthaltenden Flüssigkeiten F (z.B. solche (Meth)acrylmonomere in mehr oder weniger reiner Form oder in Lösung befindlich) ist jedoch nicht jede Pumpe geeignet. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass (Meth)acrylmonomere einerseits toxikologisch nicht völlig unbedenklich sind und andererseits durch Wärme leicht zur radikalischen Polymerisation gebracht werden können. In Ullmann's encyclopedia of technical chemistry, 4th edition, volume 3, pages 155 to 184, Verlag Chemie 1973, a large number of pumps that can be used to convey liquids are described. However, not every pump is suitable for conveying liquids F containing (meth)acrylic monomers (e.g. such (meth)acrylic monomers in more or less pure form or in solution). This is due to the fact that (meth)acrylic monomers are not entirely toxicologically harmless on the one hand and on the other hand can be easily brought to free-radical polymerization by heat.
Die zu verwendende Pumpe sollte daher so beschaffen sein, dass sie außer dem vorgesehenen Ein- und Austritt für die zu fördernde, wenigstens ein (Meth)acrylmonomeres enthaltende,
Flüssigkeit F keine nicht beabsichtigten Austrittsteilen, Undichtigkeiten aufweist. Gleichzeitig sollte sie aber so beschaffen sein, dass eine unerwünschte radikalische Polymerisation der (Meth)acrylmonomere an mechanisch beanspruchten Bauteilen (z.B. Lager von Antriebswellen) verhindert wird. The pump to be used should therefore be designed in such a way that, in addition to the intended inlet and outlet for the at least one (meth)acrylic monomer-containing Fluid F has no unintended discharge parts, leaks. At the same time, however, it should be such that undesirable radical polymerization of the (meth)acrylic monomers on mechanically stressed components (eg drive shaft bearings) is prevented.
Die DE 102 28 859 A empfiehlt deshalb in ihrer Fig. 1 zur Förderung einer wenigstens ein (Meth)acrylmonomeres enthaltenden Flüssigkeit F eine Förderpumpe zu verwenden, die einen Pumpenraum (3), einen Antriebsraum (5) und einen den Pumpenraum und den Antriebsraum voneinander trennenden Trennraum (4) aufweist, und wobei der Trennraum (4) mit einem Sperrmedium gefüllt ist, keine Lagerung (8) der Antriebswelle innerhalb des Pumpraumes (3) erfolgt, der Druck des Sperrmediums im Trennraum (4) größer ist als der Druck im Pumpenraum (3) und als der Druck im Antriebsraum (5). DE 102 28 859 A therefore recommends in its FIG. 1 to convey a liquid F containing at least one (meth)acrylic monomer to use a feed pump which has a pump chamber (3), a drive chamber (5) and a pump chamber and the drive chamber from one another separating space (4), and the space (4) is filled with a barrier medium, the drive shaft is not supported (8) within the pump space (3), the pressure of the barrier medium in the space (4) is greater than the pressure in the pump chamber (3) and than the pressure in the drive chamber (5).
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war die Bereitstellung eine neuen Verfahrens zur Förderung einer wenigstens ein (Meth)acrylmonomeres enthaltenden Flüssigkeit F mittels einer Förderpumpe, wobei eine unerwünschte radikalische Polymerisation der (Meth)acrylmonomere an mechanisch beanspruchten Bauteilen (z.B. Lager von Antriebswellen) verhindert wird. The object of the present invention was to provide a new method for conveying a liquid F containing at least one (meth)acrylic monomer by means of a feed pump, with undesired radical polymerization of the (meth)acrylic monomers on mechanically stressed components (e.g. bearings of drive shafts) being prevented.
Demgemäß wurde ein Verfahren zum Fördern einer Flüssigkeit F mittels einer Pumpe P, wobei die Flüssigkeit F mindestens 10 Gew.-% eines (Meth)acrylmonomeren enthält, die Pumpe P einen Pumpenraum (3) aufweist, der Pumpenraum (3) mindestens ein Förderelement (4) zur Förderung der Flüssigkeit F enthält, die Flüssigkeit F dem Pumpenraum (3) mit einer Eingangsenergie zugeführt wird, die Flüssigkeit F den Pumpenraum (3) mit einer Ausgangsenergie verlässt, die größer ist als die Eingangsenergie ist, das Förderelement (4) mit einer Antriebswelle (6) so verbunden ist, dass die Antriebswelle (6) auf das Förderelement (4) ein Drehmoment übertragen kann, und die Lagerung der Antriebswelle mittels mindestens zweier Gleitlager (5) im Pumpenraum (3) erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gleitlager (5) aus Wolframcarbid sind. Accordingly, a method for conveying a liquid F by means of a pump P, wherein the liquid F contains at least 10% by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer, the pump P has a pump chamber (3), the pump chamber (3) has at least one conveying element ( 4) contains for conveying the liquid F, the liquid F is supplied to the pump chamber (3) with an input energy, the liquid F leaves the pump chamber (3) with an output energy that is greater than the input energy, the conveying element (4) with is connected to a drive shaft (6) in such a way that the drive shaft (6) can transmit a torque to the conveying element (4), and the drive shaft is supported by means of at least two plain bearings (5) in the pump chamber (3), characterized in that the Plain bearings (5) are made of tungsten carbide.
Die in Klammern gesetzten Bezugszeichen beziehen sich auf die Fig. 1 dieser Schrift, die eine schematische Abbildung einer erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Pumpe P zeigt. Die Bezugszeichen (1) und (2) bezeichnen die Eintritts- bzw. die Austrittsstelle der Flüssigkeit F in die bzw. aus der Pumpe P. The reference symbols in brackets refer to FIG. 1 of this document, which shows a schematic illustration of a pump P to be used according to the invention. The reference symbols (1) and (2) designate the point of entry and exit of the liquid F into and out of the pump P, respectively.
Die Flüssigkeit F enthält vorzugsweise mindestens 60 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 80 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 90 Gew.-%, eines (Meth)acrylmonomeren.
Die bevorzugten (Meth)acrylmonomeren sind Acrylsäure, Methylacrylat, Ethylacrylat, n- Butylacrylat, 2-Ethylhexylacrylat, 4-Hydroxybutylacrylat und Cyclohexylacrylat. The liquid F preferably contains at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 90% by weight, of a (meth)acrylic monomer. The preferred (meth)acrylic monomers are acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate and cyclohexyl acrylate.
Die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit beträgt vorzugsweise von 10 bis 120°C, besonders bevorzugt von 40 bis 100°C, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 50 bis 90°C. The temperature of the liquid is preferably from 10 to 120°C, more preferably from 40 to 100°C, most preferably from 50 to 90°C.
Die Flüssigkeit F enthält vorteilhaft einen Polymerisationtinhibitor, beispielsweise Hydrochinonmonomethylether, Phenothiazin, 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl, Hydrochinon und N,N‘-Di-sek.-butyl-p-phenylendiamin. Die Menge an Polymerisationsinhibitor in der Flüssigkeit F beträgt vorzugsweise von 0,001 bis 1 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von 0,003 bis 0,3 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 0,01 bis 0,1 Gew.-%. The liquid F advantageously contains a polymerization inhibitor, for example hydroquinone monomethyl ether, phenothiazine, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, hydroquinone and N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine. The amount of polymerization inhibitor in the liquid F is preferably from 0.001 to 1% by weight, more preferably from 0.003 to 0.3% by weight, most preferably from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight.
Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugte Pumpen P sind Kreiselpumpen und Seitenkanalpumpen. Pumps P preferred according to the invention are centrifugal pumps and side channel pumps.
Anders als Hub- und Umlaufkolbenpumpen, die nach dem Verdrängerprinzip arbeiten, arbeiten Kreiselpumpen und Seitenkanalpumpen nach dem dynamischen Prinzip. Durch ein sich drehendes Laufrad (das mit der Antriebswelle verbundene Förderelement) wird Arbeit in Form von Bewegungsenergie vom Laufrad auf die zu fördernde Flüssigkeit F übertragen. Die Bewegungsenergie wird nach dem Laufrad in einem Leitrad und/oder im Spiralgehäuse zum überwiegenden Teil wieder in statischen Druck (Druckenergie, Gesetz von der Erhaltung der Energien) umgewandelt. Das Laufrad ist vom Prinzip her eine einfache Scheibe, auf der Schaufeln angebracht sind. Unlike reciprocating and circulating piston pumps, which work according to the displacement principle, centrifugal pumps and side channel pumps work according to the dynamic principle. A rotating impeller (the pumping element connected to the drive shaft) transfers work in the form of kinetic energy from the impeller to the liquid F to be pumped. After the impeller, the kinetic energy is mainly converted back into static pressure (pressure energy, law of conservation of energy) in a diffuser and/or in the volute casing. In principle, the impeller is a simple disc on which blades are attached.
Durch die Schaufeln entstehen Schaufelkanäle, deren Querschnitt sich normalerweise von innen nach außen auf Grund des größer werdenden Umfangs sehr stark vergrößert. Durch diese Schaufelkanäle lässt sich so viel zu fördernde Flüssigkeit F wegschleudern, wie in der Mitte des Laufrades zufließen kann. Im Gegensatz zur Kolbenpumpe strömt die zu fördernde Flüssigkeit F bei der Kreisel- und Seitenkanalpumpe im Betrieb daher permanent. The blades create blade channels, the cross-section of which normally increases greatly from the inside to the outside due to the increasing circumference. As much liquid F to be conveyed can be thrown away through these vane channels as can flow into the middle of the impeller. In contrast to the piston pump, the liquid F to be pumped in the centrifugal and side channel pump flows continuously during operation.
Im Gegensatz zum offenen Laufrad können auch geschlossene Laufräder eingesetzt werden. Die Schaufelkanäle werden hierbei einfach durch eine zweite Scheibe, die in der Mitte eine Öffnung besitzt, abgedeckt. In contrast to open impellers, closed impellers can also be used. The blade channels are simply covered by a second disc that has an opening in the middle.
Die Schaufelkrümmung verläuft in der Regel so, wie die natürliche Bahn eines Wassertropfens auf einer rotierenden runden, glatten Scheibe aus der Sicht eines mitrotierenden Beobachters, wenn man den Wassertropfen auf die Scheibenmitte fallen lässt. Diese Schaufelform wird als
„rückwärtsgekrümmte" Schaufel bezeichnet. Es können prinzipiell aber auch bis leicht vorwärtsgekrümmte Schaufeln und auch schraubenförmige, d.h. in sich verdrehte, rückwärts gekrümmte Schaufeln, die mit ihren Schneiden bis in den Laufradeintritt hineinragen und die Flüssigkeit F wie eine Schiffsschraube erfassen, verwendet werden. The curvature of the blade usually runs like the natural path of a water droplet on a rotating, round, smooth disk from the point of view of a co-rotating observer if the water droplet falls onto the center of the disk. This blade shape is called "Backward-curved" blade is referred to. In principle, however, blades that are slightly forward-curved and also helical, i.e. twisted, backward-curved blades, which protrude with their cutting edges into the impeller inlet and capture the liquid F like a ship's propeller, can also be used.
Eine Kreiselpumpe (ein Kreiselpumpraum) besteht aus dem Pumpengehäuse und dem im Pumpengehäuse rotierenden Laufrad, das mit Schaufeln versehen ist. Die Flüssigkeit F tritt axial durch den Saugstutzen ein. Sie wird durch die Fliehkraft radial nach außen gelenkt und vom Laufrad auf diesem Weg auf hohe Geschwindigkeit beschleunigt. Das Pumpengehäuse hat die Aufgabe, die Flüssigkeit F von allen Schaufelkanälen aufzufangen, damit es gesammelt durch die Druckausgänge weitergeleitet werden kann. Das Pumpengehäuse hat aber gleichzeitig die Aufgabe, Bewegungsenergie der Flüssigkeit F in Druck umzuwandeln. Dazu wird in der Regel ausgenutzt, dass eine Querschnittsvergrößerung die Geschwindigkeit der Flüssigkeit F herabsetzt und dadurch einen Druckanstieg bewirkt. Zur Querschnittsvergrößerung sind zwei konstruktive Ausführungen des Pumpengehäuses üblich. Bei einstufigen Pumpen oder hinter der letzten Stufe mehrstufiger Kreiselpumpen kommen häufig Spiralgehäuse zur Anwendung.A centrifugal pump (a centrifugal pumping chamber) consists of the pump housing and the impeller rotating in the pump housing and equipped with blades. The liquid F enters axially through the suction port. It is deflected radially outwards by the centrifugal force and accelerated by the impeller to high speed. The pump housing has the task of catching the liquid F from all vane channels so that it can be collected and passed on through the pressure outlets. At the same time, however, the pump housing has the task of converting the kinetic energy of the liquid F into pressure. For this purpose, use is usually made of the fact that an enlargement of the cross section reduces the speed of the liquid F and thus causes an increase in pressure. Two designs of the pump housing are common to increase the cross-section. Volute casings are often used in single-stage pumps or behind the last stage of multi-stage centrifugal pumps.
Dieses umschließt das Laufrad in Spiralform. Der Querschnitt erweitert sich in Richtung auf den Druckausgang. Die durchfließende Flüssigkeit F wird dadurch verlangsamt, was eine gleichzeitige Druckzunahme bedeutet. This encloses the impeller in a spiral shape. The cross-section widens in the direction of the pressure outlet. The liquid F flowing through is thereby slowed down, which means a simultaneous increase in pressure.
Anstelle der Spirale verwendet man, besonders bei mehrstufigen Pumpen, auch feststehende Leiträder. Das Leitrad ist im Pumpengehäuse eingebaut und als Ringraum ausgebildet. Es umschließt das Laufrad. Im Leitrad sind Leitschaufeln angeordnet, die zueinander sich nach außen hin stetig erweiternd Kanäle bilden. Bei dieser Ausführung wird die Flüssigkeit F nicht direkt in das Pumpengehäuse geschleudert, sondern es durchfließt zunächst die Schaufelkanäle des Leitrads. Durch die Erweiterung in Fließrichtung bewirken sie wiederum eine Verlangsamung der Fließgeschwindigkeit und den dadurch bedingten Druckaufbau. Die Richtung der Leitradkanäle ist der Richtung der Laufradkanäle normalerweise entgegengesetzt und entspricht am inneren Umfang des Leitrads der Richtung der Austrittsgeschwindigkeit der Förderflüssigkeit aus dem Laufrad. Eine weitere Aufgabe des Leitrads ist es, bei zweistufigen Kreiselpumpen die Flüssigkeit F zu sammeln und zum Eingang der zweiten Stufe zu führen. Instead of the volute, stationary diffusers are also used, particularly in the case of multi-stage pumps. The guide wheel is installed in the pump housing and is designed as an annular space. It encloses the impeller. Guide vanes are arranged in the guide wheel, which form channels that widen towards each other towards the outside. In this design, the liquid F is not thrown directly into the pump housing, but first flows through the vane channels of the diffuser. By expanding in the direction of flow, they in turn cause the flow rate to slow down and the resulting pressure build-up. The direction of the diffuser channels is normally opposite to the direction of the impeller channels and corresponds to the direction of the discharge velocity of the pumped liquid from the impeller on the inner circumference of the diffuser. Another task of the diffuser is to collect the liquid F in two-stage centrifugal pumps and to lead it to the inlet of the second stage.
Selbstverständlich kann auch eine Kombination von Leitrad und Spiralgehäuse angewendet werden. Das heißt die Flüssigkeit F wird erst im Leitrad gesammelt, bevor es ins Spiralgehäuse gelangen kann.
Je nach der Form der Laufräder und damit der Austrittsrichtung der Flüssigkeit F unterscheidet man Radial-, Halbaxial- (auch Diagonal- oder Schraubrad-) und Axialpumpen (Propellerpumpen). Of course, a combination of guide wheel and volute casing can also be used. That means liquid F is first collected in diffuser before it can get into spiral housing. Depending on the shape of the impellers and thus the outlet direction of the liquid F, a distinction is made between radial, semi-axial (also diagonal or helical) and axial pumps (propeller pumps).
Der Pumpenraum des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann aber auch als mehrstufige Kreiselpumpe gestaltet sein, wie es in Pumpen in der Feuerwehr, Teil 1, Einführung in die Hydromechanik, Wirkungsweise der Kreiselpumpen, 4. Auflage 1998, Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Berlin beschrieben ist. Einstufige Kreiselpumpen sind erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt. The pump chamber of the method according to the invention can also be designed as a multi-stage centrifugal pump, as is described in Pumps in the Fire Service, Part 1, Introduction to Hydromechanics, Operation of Centrifugal Pumps, 4th edition 1998, Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Berlin. Single-stage centrifugal pumps are preferred according to the invention.
Bei einem Seitenkanalpumpraum rotiert ein schmales Laufrad mit offenen Schaufeln im Gehäuse, in welchem neben den Schaufeln ein Seitenkanal über den größten Teil des Umfangs herumführt. Die zu fördernde Flüssigkeit tritt nicht in der Achse, sondern durch einen Schlitz aus der Stirnfläche in die Schaufelkammern ein, wobei gleichzeitig die sich bereits in den Kammern befindende Flüssigkeit durch die Fliehkraft nach außen getrieben wird. Im Bereich der Schaufelenden wird die Strömung an der Gehäusewand in den Seitenkanal umgelenkt, wo sie eine Schraubenbahn beschreibt und nach einem Stück Wegs erneut ins Laufrad eintritt. Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich für ein Flüssigkeitsteilchen auf dem Weg vom Saug- zum Druckstutzen je nach Durchsatz z.B. 10 bis 50mal. In den Schaufelkammern wird die Flüssigkeit außer in radialer Richtung auch auf die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Rades beschleunigt. Mit dieser Umfangsgeschwindigkeit und der dieser überlagerten Zirkulationsgeschwindigkeit tritt das Flüssigkeitsteilchen aus dem Laufrad in den Seitenkanal über. Auf der weiteren Schraubenbahn wird die Zirkulationskomponente nur wenig durch Wandreibung, die Umfangskomponente dagegen stark und im Wesentlichen nur infolge des Druckaufbaus verlangsamt. Der Verlust an kinetischer Energie der resultierenden Strömung wird im Laufrad immer wieder ausgeglichen. In a side channel pump room, a narrow impeller with open blades rotates in the casing, in which a side channel runs around most of the circumference next to the blades. The liquid to be pumped does not enter the axis, but rather through a slit in the end face of the vane chambers, with the liquid already in the chambers being forced outwards by centrifugal force. In the area of the blade ends, the flow at the casing wall is deflected into the side channel, where it describes a helical path and, after a short distance, re-enters the impeller. This process is repeated e.g. 10 to 50 times for a liquid particle on the way from the suction to the pressure connection, depending on the throughput. In the vane chambers, the liquid is accelerated not only in the radial direction but also to the peripheral speed of the wheel. With this peripheral speed and the superimposed circulation speed, the liquid particle passes from the impeller into the side channel. On the further helical path, the circulation component is slowed down only slightly by wall friction, while the circumferential component is slowed down considerably and essentially only as a result of the pressure build-up. The loss of kinetic energy of the resulting flow is compensated again and again in the impeller.
Seitenkanalpumpen haben einen geringeren Wirkungsgrad als Kreiselpumpen, erzeugen aber einen höheren Förderdruck. Side channel pumps are less efficient than centrifugal pumps, but produce a higher delivery pressure.
Die Antriebswelle (6) kann mittels einer Magnetkupplung oder einem Spaltrohrmotor angetrieben werden. The drive shaft (6) can be driven by a magnetic coupling or a canned motor.
Die Magnetkupplung nutzt die Anziehungs- und Abstoßungskräfte zwischen Permanentmagneten in beiden Kupplungshälften für berührungslose und rutschfeste Drehmomentübertragung. Zwischen den beiden magnetausgestatteten Kupplungshälften befindet sich ein Spaltrohr, das den Produktraum und die Umgebung trennt.
Der Spaltrohrmotor ist ein Elektromotor, bei dem Rotor und Stator durch ein Spaltrohr getrennt sind. Das Spaltrohr befindet sich im Spalt zwischen Stator und Rotor des Motors. The magnetic coupling uses the attraction and repulsion forces between permanent magnets in both coupling halves for non-contact and non-slip torque transmission. Between the two magnet-equipped coupling halves there is a can that separates the product space and the environment. The canned motor is an electric motor in which the rotor and stator are separated by a can. The can is located in the gap between the motor's stator and rotor.
Bei den erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Pumpen P befindet sich die Antriebswelle (6) vollständig im Pumpenraum (3). Damit entfällt die Notwendigkeit einer Abdichtung zwischen Antriebswelle (6) und Pumpenraum (3). Allerdings muss die Antriebswelle (6) im Pumpenraum (3) unter Verwendung von Gleitlagern (5) gelagert werden. In the case of the pumps P to be used according to the invention, the drive shaft (6) is located entirely in the pump chamber (3). This eliminates the need for a seal between the drive shaft (6) and the pump chamber (3). However, the drive shaft (6) must be mounted in the pump chamber (3) using plain bearings (5).
In dieser Schrift wird unter einem Gleitlager allgemein ein Maschinenelement zum Tragen oder Führen von relativ zueinander beweglichen Maschinenteilen verstanden, wobei es die auftretenden Kräfte aufnimmt und auf das Gehäuse, Bauteil oder Fundament ableitet. In this document, a plain bearing is generally understood to be a machine element for supporting or guiding machine parts that are movable relative to one another, with it absorbing the forces that occur and dissipating them to the housing, component or foundation.
Bei einem Gleitlager gleiten die beiden sich relativ zueinander bewegenden Teile aufeinander gegen den durch Gleitreibung verursachten Widerstand. Für den Einsatz im Pumpen werden häufig keramische Werkstoffe für die Gleitlager eingesetzt. In a sliding bearing, the two parts that move relative to one another slide on one another against the resistance caused by sliding friction. Ceramic materials are often used for plain bearings in pumps.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass das häufig als Werkstoff für Gleitlager eingesetzte Siliciumcarbid die unerwünschte Polymerisation von (Meth)acrylmonomeren fördert. Bei Verwendung von Wolframcarbid zu diesem Zweck tritt dieser Effekt dagegen nicht auf. The present invention is based on the finding that silicon carbide, which is frequently used as a material for plain bearings, promotes the undesired polymerization of (meth)acrylic monomers. On the other hand, this effect does not occur when tungsten carbide is used for this purpose.
Wolframcarbid kann direkt aus den Elementen hergestellt werden. Dabei lagern sich die Kohlenstoffatome zwischen den Gitterplätzen des Wolframs ein. Tungsten carbide can be made directly from the elements. The carbon atoms are stored between the lattice sites of the tungsten.
Beispiele examples
Beispiel 1 (nicht erfindungsgemäß) Example 1 (not according to the invention)
Durch zweistufige katalytische Gasphasenoxidation von Propylen mit molekularem Sauerstoff wurde ein gasförmiges Produktgasgemisch mit folgender Zusammensetzung erzeugt: A gaseous product gas mixture with the following composition was generated by two-stage catalytic gas-phase oxidation of propylene with molecular oxygen:
9,84 Gew.-% Acrylsäure, 9.84% by weight acrylic acid,
0,4 Gew.-% Essigsäure, 0.4% by weight acetic acid,
4,4 Gew.-% Wasser, 4.4% by weight water,
0, 11 Gew.-% Acrolein, 0.11% by weight acrolein,
0,21 Gew.-% Formaldehyd,
0,07 Gew.-% Maleinsäureanhydrid sowie als 0.21% by weight formaldehyde, 0.07% by weight of maleic anhydride and as
Restmenge bis 100 Gew.-% Propionsäure, Furfural, Propan, Propen, Stickstoff, Sauerstoff und Kohlenoxide. Residual amount up to 100% by weight Propionic acid, furfural, propane, propene, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon oxides.
Dieses gasförmige Produktgasgemisch wurde in einem Sprühkühler (Direktkühler, Quench) durch Eindüsen von Roh-Acrylsäure (4000 l/h) abgekühlt (die Temperatur der Roh-Acrylsäure betrug 95°C; die zum Direktkühlen verwendete Roh-Acrylsäure enthielt als Startkonzentrationen 1 ,1 Gew.-% Wasser und 0,1 Gew.-% Phenothiazin als Polymerisationsinhibitor). Die zum Quenchen verwendete Roh-Acrylsäure wurde dabei mittels einer Umlaufpumpe über einen Wärmetauscher im Kreis geführt und immer wieder neu auf die 95°C eingestellt. This gaseous product gas mixture was cooled in a spray cooler (direct cooler, quench) by injecting crude acrylic acid (4000 l/h) (the temperature of the crude acrylic acid was 95° C.; the crude acrylic acid used for direct cooling contained 1.1 as starting concentrations wt .-% water and 0.1 wt .-% phenothiazine as a polymerization inhibitor). The crude acrylic acid used for quenching was circulated by means of a circulating pump via a heat exchanger and repeatedly readjusted to 95.degree.
Als Umlaufpumpe im Quench wurde eine Kreiselpumpe vom Typ MKP 32-160 (CP-Pumpen AG, Zofingen, Schweiz) eingesetzt. Pumpenraum und Antriebsraum sind durch eine Metallwand getrennt. Der Antrieb im Pumpenraum erfolgte magnetgekoppelt. Die Antriebswelle war im Pumpenraum mit einem Gleitlager aus Siliciumcarbid horizontal gelagert. A centrifugal pump of the type MKP 32-160 (CP-Pumpen AG, Zofingen, Switzerland) was used as the circulating pump in the quench. Pump room and drive room are separated by a metal wall. The drive in the pump room was magnetically coupled. The drive shaft was mounted horizontally in the pump room with a plain bearing made of silicon carbide.
Das den Sprühkühler verlassende, die abzutrennende Acrylsäure enthaltende, abgekühlte Gasgemisch wurde unterhalb des untersten Bodens in eine Rektifikationskolonne geführt, die mit 27 Glockenböden und am Kopf der Kolonne mit einem Sprühkondensator ausgerüstet war. Die Temperatur am Kopf der Kolonne betrug 20°C und die Sumpftemperatur der Rektifikationskolonne lag bei 90°C. The cooled gas mixture leaving the spray cooler and containing the acrylic acid to be separated off was fed below the bottom tray into a rectification column which was equipped with 27 bubble-cap trays and a spray condenser at the top of the column. The temperature at the top of the column was 20°C and the bottom temperature of the rectification column was 90°C.
Das im Sprühkondensator anfallende Kondensat, das hauptsächlich aus Wasser bestand, wurde ausgeschleust und nach Zusatz von 0,03 Gew.-% Hydrochinon und Kühlung in einem Wärmetauscher als Sprühflüssigkeit mit einer Temperatur von 17°C über den Sprühkondensator als Rücklauf wieder auf den obersten Kolonnenboden aufgebracht. Das Rücklaufverhältnis betrug 4. The condensate obtained in the spray condenser, which consisted mainly of water, was discharged and, after addition of 0.03% by weight of hydroquinone and cooling in a heat exchanger, as a spray liquid at a temperature of 17° C. via the spray condenser as reflux back to the top column tray upset. The reflux ratio was 4.
Die im Sumpf der Rektifikationskolonne anfallende Roh-Acrylsäure wurde teilweise ausgeschleust (430 g/h), teilweise (250 g/h) nach Zusatz von 0,1 Gew.-% Phenothiazin zum Zweck der Polymerisationsinhibierung der Rektifikationskolonne auf den 13. Boden der Kolonne (von unten gerechnet) rückgeführt und teilweise (ca. 15 l/h) zunächst über einen Wärmetauscher geführt und dann mit einer Temperatur von 100°C auf den z. Boden der Kolonne (von unten gerechnet) zur Einstellung der Kolonnentemperatur rückgeführt.
Ein weiterer Teil der im Kolonnensumpf anfallenden Roh-Acrylsäure wurde zum Flüssigkeitsausgleich im Quench demselben standgeregelt über einen dem Quench vorgeschalteten Wärmetauscher mit einer Temperatur von 102°C zugeführt. The crude acrylic acid obtained at the bottom of the rectification column was partly discharged (430 g/h), partly (250 g/h) after the addition of 0.1% by weight of phenothiazine to inhibit polymerization of the rectification column on the 13th tray of the column (Calculated from below) recycled and partly (about 15 l / h) first passed through a heat exchanger and then at a temperature of 100 ° C on the z. Bottom of the column (calculated from below) recycled to adjust the column temperature. A further portion of the crude acrylic acid obtained at the bottom of the column was fed to the quench at a temperature of 102° C. via a heat exchanger upstream of the quench to equalize the liquid.
Die ausgeschleuste Roh-Acrylsäure enthielt 97,2 Gew.-% Acrylsäure, 1 ,6 Gew.-% Essigsäure, 0,024 Gew.-Propionsäure, 0,4 Gew.-% Maleinsäure, 0,005 Gew.-% Acrolein, 0,02 Gew.-% Furfural und 1,2 Gew.-% Wasser sowie 0,05 Gew.-% Phenothiazin und 0,03 Gew.-% Hydrochinon. The discharged crude acrylic acid contained 97.2% by weight of acrylic acid, 1.6% by weight of acetic acid, 0.024% by weight of propionic acid, 0.4% by weight of maleic acid, 0.005% by weight of acrolein, 0.02% by weight % furfural and 1.2% by weight water and 0.05% by weight phenothiazine and 0.03% by weight hydroquinone.
Innerhalb von weniger als 10 Stunden Betriebsdauer war die Kreiselpumpe durch Polymerbildung blockiert. The centrifugal pump was blocked by polymer formation within less than 10 hours of operation.
Beispiel 2 (erfindungsgemäß) Example 2 (according to the invention)
Es wird wie in Beispiel 1 verfahren. Die Gleitlager aus Siliciumcarbid werden durch Gleitlager aus Wolframcarbid ersetzt. Das Verfahren kann ohne Unterbrechung betrieben werden. The procedure is as in example 1. The silicon carbide plain bearings are replaced by tungsten carbide plain bearings. The process can be operated without interruption.
Beispiel 3 Example 3
In handelsüblicher Acrylsäure, stabilisiert mit 200 ppm Hydrochinonmonomethylether (MEHQ), wurde 1 Gew.-% Siliziumcarbid (SiC) bzw. 1 Gew.-% Wolframcarbid (WC) suspendiert und jeweils vier Stunden bei 80°C gelagert. Vorher und nachher wurde die Konzentration an Hydrochinonmonomethylether (MEHQ) bestimmt. 1% by weight silicon carbide (SiC) and 1% by weight tungsten carbide (WC) were suspended in commercially available acrylic acid stabilized with 200 ppm hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) and stored at 80° C. for four hours in each case. The concentration of hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) was determined before and after.
Tab. 1: MEHQ-Gehalte vor und nach der Lagerung bei 80°C
Tab. 1: MEHQ contents before and after storage at 80°C
In Gegenwart von Siliziumcarbid wurde der Polymerisationsinhibitor sehr schnell verbraucht.
Beispiel 4 In the presence of silicon carbide, the polymerization inhibitor was consumed very quickly. example 4
In handelsüblicher Acrylsäure, stabilisiert mit 200 ppm Hydrochinonmonomethylether (MEHQ), wurde 1 Gew.-% Siliziumcarbid (SiC) bzw. 1 Gew.-% Wolframcarbid (WC) suspendiert. Je 0,5 ml der jeweiligen Mischung wurde in eine 1 ,8 ml Ampulle abgefüllt und bei 120°C im Umlufttrockenschrank gelagert. 1% by weight silicon carbide (SiC) or 1% by weight tungsten carbide (WC) was suspended in commercial acrylic acid stabilized with 200 ppm hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ). 0.5 ml each of the respective mixture was filled into a 1.8 ml ampoule and stored at 120° C. in a circulating air drying cabinet.
In jeder Testreihe wurden von jeder Mischung jeweils drei Ampullen befüllt und getestet, wobei der Mittelwert der Zeit zur vollständigen Polymerisation visuell erfasst wurde. In each test series, three ampoules were filled with each mixture and tested, with the mean time for complete polymerisation being recorded visually.
Tab. 2: Polymerisation bei 120°C
Tab. 2: Polymerization at 120°C
Siliziumcarbid destabilisiert deutlich stärke als Wolframcarbid.
Silicon carbide destabilizes significantly more than tungsten carbide.
Claims
1. Verfahren zum Fördern einer Flüssigkeit F mittels einer Pumpe P, wobei die Flüssigkeit F mindestens 10 Gew.-% eines (Meth)acrylmonomeren enthält, die Pumpe P einen Pumpenraum (3) aufweist, der Pumpenraum (3) mindestens ein Förderelement (4) zur Förderung der Flüssigkeit F enthält, die Flüssigkeit F dem Pumpenraum (3) mit einer Eingangsenergie zugeführt wird, die Flüssigkeit F den Pumpenraum (3) mit einer Ausgangsenergie verlässt, die größer ist als die Eingangsenergie ist, das Förderelement (4) mit einer Antriebswelle (6) so verbunden ist, dass die Antriebswelle (6) auf das Förderelement (4) ein Drehmoment übertragen kann, und die Lagerung der Antriebswelle mittels mindestens zweier Gleitlager (5) im Pumpenraum (3) erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gleitlager (5) aus Wolf- ramcarbid sind. 1. A method for conveying a liquid F by means of a pump P, the liquid F containing at least 10% by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer, the pump P having a pump chamber (3), the pump chamber (3) having at least one conveying element (4 ) for conveying the liquid F, the liquid F is fed to the pump chamber (3) with an input energy, the liquid F leaves the pump chamber (3) with an output energy that is greater than the input energy, the conveying element (4) with a Drive shaft (6) is connected in such a way that the drive shaft (6) can transmit torque to the conveying element (4), and the drive shaft is supported by means of at least two plain bearings (5) in the pump chamber (3), characterized in that the plain bearings (5) are made of tungsten carbide.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit F mindestens 60 Gew.-% eines (Meth)acrylmonomeren enthält. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid F contains at least 60% by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit F mindestens 90 Gew.-% eines (Meth)acrylmonomeren enthält. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the liquid F contains at least 90% by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das (Meth)acrylmonomer Acrylsäure, Methylacrylat, Ethylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat, 2- Ethylhexylacrylat, 4-Hydroxybutylacrylat oder Cyclohexylacrylat ist. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the (meth)acrylic monomer is acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate or cyclohexyl acrylate.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit F eine Temperatur von 10 bis 120°C aufweist. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the temperature of the liquid F has a temperature of 10 to 120 ° C.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit F eine Temperatur von 50 bis 90°C aufweist. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the temperature of the liquid F has a temperature of 50 to 90 ° C.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit F einen Polymerisationsinhibitor enthält. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the liquid F contains a polymerization inhibitor.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Polymerisationsinhibitor Hydrochinonmonomethylether, Phenothiazin, 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl, Hydrochinon oder N,N‘-Di-sek.-butyl-p-phenylendiamin ist.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit F von 0,001 bis 1 Gew.-% Polymerisationsinhibitor enthält. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit F von 0,01 bis 0,1 Gew.-% Polymerisationsinhibitor enthält. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftübertragung auf die Antriebswelle (6) mittels einer Magnetkupplung oder eines Spaltrohrmotors erfolgt. Pumpe P mit Flüssigkeit F, wobei die Flüssigkeit F mindestens 10 Gew.-% eines (Meth)acrylmonomeren enthält, die Pumpe P einen Pumpenraum (3) aufweist, der Pumpenraum (3) mindestens ein Förderelement (4) zur Förderung der Flüssigkeit F enthält, die Flüssigkeit F dem Pumpenraum (3) mit einer Eingangsenergie zugeführt wird, die Flüssigkeit F den Pumpenraum (3) mit einer Ausgangsenergie verlässt, die größer ist als die Eingangsenergie ist, das Förderelement (4) mit einer Antriebswelle (6) so verbunden ist, dass die Antriebswelle (6) auf das Förderelement (4) ein Drehmoment übertragen kann, die Lagerung der Antriebswelle mittels mindestens zweier Gleitlager (5) im Pumpenraum (3) erfolgt und die Gleitlager (5) aus Wolframcarbid sind. Pumpe P nach Anspruch 12, wobei die die Kraftübertragung auf die Antriebswelle (6) mittels einer Magnetkupplung oder eines Spaltrohrmotors erfolgt. Verwendung einer Pumpe P zum Fördern einer Flüssigkeit F, wobei die Flüssigkeit F mindestens 10 Gew.-% eines (Meth)acrylmonomeren enthält, die Pumpe P einen Pumpenraum (3) aufweist, der Pumpenraum (3) mindestens ein Förderelement (4) zur Förderung der Flüssigkeit F enthält, die Flüssigkeit F dem Pumpenraum (3) mit einer Eingangsenergie zugeführt wird, die Flüssigkeit F den Pumpenraum (3) mit einer Ausgangsenergie verlässt, die größer ist als die Eingangsenergie ist, das Förderelement (4) mit einer Antriebswelle (6) so verbunden ist, dass die Antriebswelle (6) auf das Förderelement (4) ein Drehmoment übertragen kann, die Lagerung der Antriebswelle mittels mindestens zweier Gleitlager (5) im Pumpenraum (3) erfolgt und die Gleitlager (5) aus Wolframcarbid sind. Verwendung nach Anspruch 14, wobei die die Kraftübertragung auf die Antriebswelle (6) mittels einer Magnetkupplung oder eines Spaltrohrmotors erfolgt.
8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the polymerization inhibitor is hydroquinone monomethyl ether, phenothiazine, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, hydroquinone or N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p - is phenylenediamine. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the liquid F contains from 0.001 to 1% by weight of a polymerization inhibitor. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the liquid F contains from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of polymerization inhibitor. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the force is transmitted to the drive shaft (6) by means of a magnetic coupling or a canned motor. Pump P with liquid F, the liquid F containing at least 10% by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer, the pump P having a pump chamber (3), the pump chamber (3) containing at least one conveying element (4) for conveying the liquid F , the liquid F is supplied to the pump chamber (3) with an input energy, the liquid F leaves the pump chamber (3) with an output energy that is greater than the input energy, the conveying element (4) is connected to a drive shaft (6) in such a way that the drive shaft (6) can transmit torque to the conveying element (4), the drive shaft is supported by means of at least two plain bearings (5) in the pump chamber (3) and the plain bearings (5) are made of tungsten carbide. Pump P according to Claim 12, in which the power is transmitted to the drive shaft (6) by means of a magnetic coupling or a canned motor. Use of a pump P for delivering a liquid F, the liquid F containing at least 10% by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer, the pump P having a pump chamber (3), the pump chamber (3) having at least one delivery element (4) for delivery containing liquid F, the liquid F is supplied to the pump chamber (3) with an input energy, the liquid F leaves the pump chamber (3) with an output energy that is greater than the input energy, the conveying element (4) with a drive shaft (6 ) is connected in such a way that the drive shaft (6) can transmit torque to the conveying element (4), the drive shaft is supported by means of at least two plain bearings (5) in the pump chamber (3) and the plain bearings (5) are made of tungsten carbide. Use according to Claim 14, in which the force is transmitted to the drive shaft (6) by means of a magnetic coupling or a canned motor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20205447 | 2020-11-03 | ||
PCT/EP2021/080297 WO2022096422A1 (en) | 2020-11-03 | 2021-11-02 | Conveying a fluid containing a (meth)acrylic monomer by means of a pump |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP4240969A1 true EP4240969A1 (en) | 2023-09-13 |
Family
ID=73059573
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21801559.2A Pending EP4240969A1 (en) | 2020-11-03 | 2021-11-02 | Conveying a fluid containing a (meth)acrylic monomer by means of a pump |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20230400016A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4240969A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2023548202A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20230096108A (en) |
CN (1) | CN116438379A (en) |
TW (1) | TW202227718A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022096422A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2956841A (en) * | 1957-01-30 | 1960-10-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Bearing and mounting therefor |
US5549459A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1996-08-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Radial bearing assembly for a high intertia flywheel of a canned motor pump |
US5674057A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1997-10-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Submersible canned motor mixer pump |
DE29610799U1 (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1997-02-27 | Klaus Union Armaturen | Hydrodynamic plain bearing for a rotor of a pump |
JP2001114705A (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-24 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Method for easily transporting polymerizable compound |
DE10224341A1 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2003-07-17 | Basf Ag | Production of acrylic and propionic acid and/or their esters, useful as intermediates for e.g. adhesives, comprises catalytic gas-phase oxidation, and work-up to give pure acrylic acid and an acrylic acid by-product which is hydrogenated |
DE10228859A1 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2004-01-15 | Basf Ag | Method for conveying a liquid F containing at least one (meth) acrylic monomer |
US9771938B2 (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2017-09-26 | Peopleflo Manufacturing, Inc. | Rotary device having a radial magnetic coupling |
-
2021
- 2021-11-02 CN CN202180074138.4A patent/CN116438379A/en active Pending
- 2021-11-02 US US18/034,889 patent/US20230400016A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-02 WO PCT/EP2021/080297 patent/WO2022096422A1/en active Application Filing
- 2021-11-02 EP EP21801559.2A patent/EP4240969A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-02 KR KR1020237018604A patent/KR20230096108A/en unknown
- 2021-11-02 TW TW110140684A patent/TW202227718A/en unknown
- 2021-11-02 JP JP2023527105A patent/JP2023548202A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2022096422A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
CN116438379A (en) | 2023-07-14 |
JP2023548202A (en) | 2023-11-15 |
KR20230096108A (en) | 2023-06-29 |
TW202227718A (en) | 2022-07-16 |
US20230400016A1 (en) | 2023-12-14 |
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