EP4237467A1 - Verfahren zur extraktion und reinigung von polyhydroxyalkanoaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur extraktion und reinigung von polyhydroxyalkanoatenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4237467A1 EP4237467A1 EP21805641.4A EP21805641A EP4237467A1 EP 4237467 A1 EP4237467 A1 EP 4237467A1 EP 21805641 A EP21805641 A EP 21805641A EP 4237467 A1 EP4237467 A1 EP 4237467A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pha
- recovered
- biomass
- extraction
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 111
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 208000037534 Progressive hemifacial atrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012017 passive hemagglutination assay Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009629 microbiological culture Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 44
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 37
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 35
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 12
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 12
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 10
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical group [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000237074 Centris Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-hydroxybutyrate Chemical compound OCCCC([O-])=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- UQGPCEVQKLOLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaneperoxoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OO UQGPCEVQKLOLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002053 acidogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000520 poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000013014 purified material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010089934 carbohydrase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004182 chemical digestion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMTWCFIAVKBGOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;methoxy-dimethyl-trimethylsilyloxysilane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.CO[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C AMTWCFIAVKBGOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009655 industrial fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009996 mechanical pre-treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/88—Post-polymerisation treatment
- C08G63/90—Purification; Drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/91—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G63/912—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/62—Carboxylic acid esters
- C12P7/625—Polyesters of hydroxy carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for extraction and puri fication of polyhydroxyalkanoates ( PHAs ) from PHA- containing material obtained from di f ferent sources .
- Biodegradable natural polymers extracted or derived from renewable resources are steadily replacing the crude oil-based polymers .
- Three families of biopolymers are usually researched and used : polymers directly extracted from biomass (biomass can comprise polysaccharides , proteins and various lipids ) , biomass-derived monomers treated with classical chemical and manufacturing routes to obtain biodegradable and/or renewable polymers (polylactate , bio-polyethylene ) , and polymers produced by natural or genetically modi fied micro-organisms (polyhydroxyalkanoates , PHAs ) .
- PHAs have attracted special interest because they comprise a group of naturally derived polyesters synthesi zed by a wide range of microorganisms as intracellular carbon and energy materials . They are usually accumulated within cells when growth is l imited by nutrients such as nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and other essential elements , while in the presence of excess carbon . Instead of being consumed for the cellular growth, the excess of carbon is taken into the cells and stored in the form of PHA granules .
- PHAs production at large scale from microorganisms usually involves fermentation, isolation and puri fication processes , which imply higher production costs .
- manufacturers in Brazil and China have used sugarcane bagasse and cornstarch as a renewable resource to produce PHA inexpensively .
- pioneering and significant research ef forts on the use of mixed microbial cultures from wastes as a cheaper alternative to pure microbial culture has been carried out , enabling the use of renewable carbon which does not compete with food or feed applications .
- Such consortia of PHA-producing microorganisms can adapt to changes in the substrate and enable the use of cheap mixed substrates such as low cost agricultural or industrial waste feedstock and even municipal wastes .
- PHA polyhydroxybutyrate
- PHB polyhydroxybutyrate
- PHBV poly ( p-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate )
- PHB, PHBV and other short-chain length co-polymers are important biodegradable plastics that are becoming of signi ficant interest in food packaging applications .
- the downstream processing for PHAs recovery and puri fication from microbial biomass plays a vital role in the PHAs manufacturing process . It is a maj or contributor to the product production cost , it defines the material speci fications and quality, and may have a significant impact on the environmental sustainability of the product and of its production process .
- the PHA puri fication step is often recogni zed as the most critical when assessing the process feasibility and sustainability .
- the traditional puri fication processes relying on organic solvents , including halogenated, are being banned from the industrial setting, while new hopes of using microbes that spontaneously release the PHA to the medium ( ex . upon osmotic shock) have not yet been realized due to their low productivity .
- the steps of extraction and puri fication of PHAs from producing biomass are commonly regarded as among those that contribute the most to the final price of the polymer . This is more so for the extraction of PHAs from biomass used in the treatment of municipal wastes , due to the complex matrix of materials that can adsorb the biomass and the heterogeneous nature of the mixed culture . Further, some applications of the puri fied polymer may require obtaining stringent speci fication, whereas less demanding applications may exist that can eventually use non- fully puri fied material s while complying with the required functional features and relevant regulatory framework .
- EP 1705250 Al entitled "A method for separating, extracting and puri fying poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoates ( PHAs ) directly from bacterial fermented broth” discloses a method for directly separating and purifying polyhydroxyal kanoates in cells from fermentation liquid and it relates to the field of post-treatment technology of biological engineering .
- the method includes the steps of : pretreating fermentation liquid with physical method for breaking cell wall ; adj usting the pH value of the pretreated fermentation liquid to alkaline ; adding an anionic surfactant ; reacting under agitation; separating and extracting the coagulated precipitate from the reaction liquid; washing and drying .
- the invention was so far only validated on pure cultures grown on standard industrial fermentation media, which entrains much less contaminants than the challenging conditions of the streams emerging from the mixed culture fermentations .
- EP 2606080 Bl entitled “Method for recovery of stabili zed polyhydroxyalkanoates from biomass that has been used to treat organic waste” relates to a method of increasing the chemical and/or thermal stability of PHA in biomass where the biomass is contained within mixed liquor, and wherein the mixed liquor is treated by a combination of removing water from the mixed liquor and pH adj ustment of the mixed liquor or maintenance of the pH of the mixed liquor within a selected pH range , and wherein the method includes reducing the pH of the mixed liquor below 6 , or maintaining the pH o f the mixed liquor below 6 for a selected period of time , and wherein the pH adj ustment of the mixed liquor to below 6 or the maintenance of the pH of the mixed liquor below 6 gives rise to an increase in chemical and/or thermal stability of the PHA in the biomass .
- the PHA is extracted with a non-chlorinated organic solvent at temperatures above 100 ° C .
- the process was designed to provide high purity PHAs with enhanced thermal stability .
- such process relies on the use of organic solvents processed at high temperature ( typically at more than 100 ° C ) , which add on cost and would require equipment and safety features which may not be usually employed in the plants producing the PHA- containing biomass , namely wastewater treatment plants .
- EP 3287526 Bl entitled "Method of manufacturing microbially produced plastic and microbially produced plastic” , relates to a method of manufacturing a microbially produced plastic comprising a step of applying heat treatment to fat containing hydrogen peroxide and a step of culturing microbes in a culture liquid containing the fat that has been subj ected to the heat treatment .
- the extraction process should use standard and readily available equipment , preferably equipment that can be routinely found on-site and not requiring special training for the plant operators . This precludes the use of processes using organic solvents .
- the present invention provides a process for extraction and purification of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) characterized by reacting PHA-containing material with H2O2 and adding an alkali up to a pH value equal to 9 or higher.
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoates
- the reaction is carried out at a pH value above 11, more preferably above 11,4 and most preferably above 11,5.
- the ratio of H2O2 to PHA-containing material in the process of the invention is within a range of 20 mL H2O2 30 vol/g of biomass (dry weight) to 0.1 mL H2O2 30vol/g of biomass (dry weight) .
- the alkali can be added simultaneously with or sequentially to H2O2.
- the alkali of the reaction is selected from a group consisting of NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH)2, with NaOH being preferred.
- the PHA-containing material is a mixed microbial culture or a pure culture containing intracellular PHAs .
- the process of the invention further comprises a pre-treatment step which may be chemical, mechanical, electric or enzymatic.
- the present invention provides a process for extraction and puri fication of polyhydroxyalkanoates ( PHA) characteri zed by reacting PHA- containing material with H2O2 and adding an alkali up to a pH value equal to 9 or higher .
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoates
- the process of the invention comprises the steps of : a ) adding a PHA-containing material to a reaction vessel b ) adj usting the pH to a value of 9 or higher by adding an alkali to the PHA-containing material under stirring; c ) adding H2O2 and alkali over 30 to 90 minutes under stirring; d) submitting the mixture to a digestion period by stirring for 2 , 5 to 36 hours followed by separation, washing and drying steps .
- PHA-containing material means any PHA-containing microbial biomass or streams containing or derived from PHA-containing microbial biomass , including pre-treated microbial biomass .
- PHA-containing microbial biomass means any microbial biomass containing intracellular PHA, including microbial biomass consisting on or derived from pure microbial cultures , microbial biomass consisting on or derived from mixed microbial cultures , microbial biomass consisting on or derived from naturally occurring microorganisms , microbial biomass consisting on or derived from genetically modified microbial cultures, or any combination thereof.
- the reaction is carried out at a pH value above 11, more preferably above 11,4 and most preferably above 11,5.
- the ratio of H2O2 to PHA-containing material in the process of the invention is within a range of 20 mL H2O2 30 vol/g of biomass (dry weight) to 0.1 mL H2O2 30vol/g of biomass (dry weight) .
- the alkali can be added simultaneously with or sequentially to H2O2.
- the alkali of the reaction is selected from a group consisting of NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH)2, with NaOH being preferred .
- PHA-containing material is a mixed microbial culture or a pure culture containing intracellular PHAs .
- the process of the invention may further comprise a pre-treatment step of which may be chemical, mechanical, electric or enzymatic.
- the chemical pre-treatment comprises the pre-treatment of the microbial biomass with a surfactant and/or with a bleaching agent and/or with an alkali.
- the surfactant can be any surfactant which interferes with the integrity of the cellular membrane of microbial cells such as, for example, sodium dodecyl sulphate and similar.
- the bleaching agent is selected from sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide and the alkali is selected from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH and
- the enzymatic pre-treatment i s any treatment using enzymes involved in hydrolysing components of the microbial cell walls , either isolated or in combination, including, without limitation, proteases , lipases , carbohydrases or the like .
- the mechanical pre-treatment is selected from any treatment allowing cell disruption, such as sonication, high pressure homogenisation, milling, and the like .
- the electric pre-treatment is selected from any treatment allowing cell disruption, such as pulsed electric f ield processing, and the like .
- the process of the present invention was found to be suitable to obtain a viable product and contrary to known processes , it is easy to be controlled without violent reactions which generally occurs due to high temperatures and/or the release of gases .
- the present process is ef fective for extraction of PHAs from very diverse microbial biomass , including pure cultures , and mixed cultures obtained from the conversion of di f ferent wastes .
- the process of the invention exhibits further advantages : Processing of both cleaner biomasses ( ex . pure microbial cultures obtained from the fermentation o f refined raw materials ) and crude biomasses ( ex . pure microbial cultures obtained from the fermentation of industrial sidestreams or mixed cultures obtained from the conversion of municipal or agro-industrial wastes ) ;
- the digestion reaction can be performed without temperature control ;
- the conditions can be set in order to minimise the ef fect of the digestion reaction on the polymer molecular weight ;
- the polymer allows obtaining white formulations and white plastic parts (very important to allow the incorporation of coloured pigments in the plastics ) , while the solutions currently on the market originate beige products ;
- the final product does not contain a chlorinated smell ; by using the processes of prior art , a typical chlorine smell was detected on the resulting polymer powder even after multiple washing steps and this is very relevant for processing, final use and product stability, since when residual chlorinated compounds remained on the f inal product , chlorine vapors were released when processing the polymer and corrosion issues on the processing equipment could arise ;
- PHA-containing microbial biomass was produced from the fermentation of fruit pulp, an industrial by-product of the j uice industry, using mixed microbial cultures .
- a first stage of the process consists of acidogenic fermentation in which the available feedstock is converted into volatile fatty acids , such as , but not limited to , acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid and also ethanol .
- volatile fatty acids such as , but not limited to , acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid and also ethanol .
- a cyclic regime of carbon excess and carbon limitation was established to enhance PHA storage capacity ( generic information on PHA production using mixed microbial cultures can be obtained, for example , in Serafim et al . , 2008 and speci fic information of the system used for PHA production using fermentation of fruit pulp in Melendez-Rodriguez et al
- the PHA recovery yield decreased with decreasing amounts of sodium hypochlorite ( 100% , 58 % and 32 % when 400 g, 300 g and 200 g were used, respectively) , suggesting that the reduction of the quantities of sodium hypochlorite did not allow the ef fective digestion of the non-PHA microbial biomas s components .
- a small amount was placed on a glass slide which was slowly heated in a heating plate up to a maximum of 180 ° C . Most of the material recovered us ing 200 g of bleach did not melt and became brown upon heating .
- the milder conditions 1- 1 using a lower concentration of SDS and remaining reagents , resulted in a very low PHA recovery and the recovered material did not melt properly, generating a mostly brown residue when heating .
- the remaining conditions resulted in higher yield and the recovered material melted upon heating without generating brown or even yellowish residues , a strong indication that the recovered material had a good purity .
- the total consumption is still very high ( 5- 10 times the amount of PHA-containing microbial biomas s on dry weight ) and the final product still retained a strong chlorine smell .
- experiment 3-1 an unexpectedly fast expansion of the reaction medium occurred due to vigorous gas release and which was very difficult to contain even through the addition of silicone-based anti-foaming agent (Simethicone 30% emulsion, from Dow-Corning) .
- experiment 3-2 the volume expansion also occurred vigorously, but could be managed with the addition of anti- foaming agent .
- experiment 3-3 only a slight volume expansion occurred, and the addition of antifoaming agent was not required .
- a signi ficant amount of the recovered material did not melt , no signi ficant browning was observed upon melting . This indicates that most organic non-PHA microbial biomass components have been digested, but the recovered polymer is contaminated by a signi ficant amount of inorganics which were not fully removed in the washing process .
- Example 1A - PHA extraction Controlled use of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide - pH 12 . 5
- Example IB - PHA extraction Controlled use of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide - pH 9.0
- Example 1C - PHA extraction Controlled use of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide - pH 13.0
- an initial amount of sodium hydroxide is added in order to bring the pH of the reaction medium at around 13.5.
- hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide are slowly added over 90 minutes without temperature control.
- a total of 15 mL of 30 volume strength hydrogen peroxide and 20 mL of sodium hydroxide (5 N solution) are added, after which the mixture is stirred for 2.5 hours. After this digestion period, the mixture is centrifuged and the solids are recovered.
- the thus recovered solids are resuspended in water, using the same volume as the digestion reaction volume, and the wash water discarded. Four additional wash cycles are carried out.
- the washed and recovered solids are oven dried at 60°C until constant weight and the recovered material is ground to a powder in a mortar.
- the PHA recovery yield is 67% and upon heating a mostly transparent melt was obtained at 175°C with rare yellowish spots, indicating that the material is compatible with many of the envisaged applications.
- Example 2 - PHA extraction Combined use of surfactant, sodium hypochlorite, and controlled use of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide
- PHB-containing microbial biomass was produced from the aerobic fermentation of sugars using a Burkholderla saccharl strain (for details see Cesario et al . , 2014 ) .
- the PHB- containing microbial biomass with a dry weight of 35% on total wet microbial biomass and 49% of PHB on dry weight , was diluted with water to a 20% dry cell weight and mixed with SDS and a solution of NaOH 5N, both to 5% of the total volume .
- the lower amount of chemicals used is due to the nature of the treated microbial biomass , which is more homogenous (a pure microbial culture instead of mixed microbial culture ) and which was fermented on a cleaner culture medium ( a defined fermentation medium instead of industrial organic residues ) .
- domestic bleach was added to 20% of the volume and mixing continued for 60 minutes After this digestion period, the solids were recovered by centri fugation . The thus recovered solids were resuspended in water, using the same volume as the digestion reaction volume , and the wash water discarded . The washed and recovered solids were oven dried at 60 ° C until constant weight and the recovered material was ground to a powder in a mortar .
- a recovery yield of 91% was obtained, and the purity as assessed by the melting behaviour of the recovered powder was excellent, with a homogenous melt, without any brown or yellowish spots.
- the thus obtained polymer was used in a formulation to produce a melt which was then extruded (Haake Rheocord 90 single screw extruder) , and successfully produced a filament of 1.810.1 mm with adequate quality for 3D printing tests. Further, the polymer originated a white extruded filament that could be used to produce a white plastic part.
- Example 3A 4.5 kg of PHB-containing microbial biomass described in Example 3A, was adjusted to a pH of 11.9 with NaOH 5N. Subsequently, 30 volume strength hydrogen peroxide were slowly added at a rate of 40 mL/h. The pH of the reactor was allowed to decrease as hydrogen peroxide was added. When the pH reached 11.2, the automated addition of NaOH was implemented in order to control the pH at that setpoint. A total of 320 mL of hydrogen peroxide and 75 mL of NaOH were added and 1.1 kg of wet pellet was recovered. A second digestion step was carried out using the same conditions as for the first digestion step, with a total addition of 125 mL hydrogen peroxide and 90 mL of NaOH.
- the controlled addition of the chemicals enabled to avoid extensive foam formation and also to control the temperature of the reaction, which did not exceed 37°C.
- the thus recovered solids were resuspended in water, using the same volume as the digestion reaction volume, and the wash water discarded. Two additional washing steps were carried out. The washed and recovered solids were oven dried at 60°C until constant weight and the recovered material was ground to a powder in a mortar, resulting in a white material with good melting properties.
- Table 5 Effect of the extraction on hydroxybutyrate (HB) and hydroxyvalerate (HV)
- the parameters related to the concentration and ranges of the reagents as well the duration of the digestion/ reaction are interrelated .
- the skilled person taking into account the teachings of the present invention is able to choose the proper parameters in order to control the purity and the molecular weight of the extracted polymer .
- the temperature of the reaction is also selected upon the digestion of speci fic microbial biomasses and targeting speci fic polymer speci fications .
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