EP4231457A1 - Doppelfrequenzspeisequelle und doppelfrequenzantenne - Google Patents

Doppelfrequenzspeisequelle und doppelfrequenzantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4231457A1
EP4231457A1 EP20962032.7A EP20962032A EP4231457A1 EP 4231457 A1 EP4231457 A1 EP 4231457A1 EP 20962032 A EP20962032 A EP 20962032A EP 4231457 A1 EP4231457 A1 EP 4231457A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dual
band
dielectric
band feed
low
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20962032.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4231457A4 (de
Inventor
Ruyuan DENG
Zefeng Chen
Yong Chen
Aijun Gu
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Publication of EP4231457A1 publication Critical patent/EP4231457A1/de
Publication of EP4231457A4 publication Critical patent/EP4231457A4/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/45—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device
    • H01Q5/47—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device with a coaxial arrangement of the feeds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
    • H01Q13/065—Waveguide mouths provided with a flange or a choke
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/24—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/193—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface with feed supported subreflector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/04—Multimode antennas

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to a dual-band feed and a dual-band antenna.
  • the common microwaves and the E-band microwaves are integrated to achieve a long distance and high reliability of a common-band microwave link and a high bandwidth characteristic of an E-band microwave link.
  • a frequency selective surface (Frequency Selective Surface, FSS) solution may be used in a conventional dual-band antenna solution.
  • FSS Frequency Selective Surface
  • FIG. 1 signals in two frequency bands are physically isolated by using the FSS.
  • a coaxial dual-band antenna may alternatively be used to resolve the foregoing problem.
  • FIG. 2 a coaxial dual-band feed is used in this solution, and the dual-band feed includes a low-band feed and a high-band feed. The two feeds share a primary reflection surface and a secondary reflection surface, and phase centers of the two feeds coincide with a focus of the secondary reflection surface, so that a dual-band multiplexing function is implemented.
  • a multi-mode horn antenna shown in FIG. 3 may alternatively be used in the conventional dual-band antenna solution.
  • a higher-order mode is introduced and a mode proportion of the higher-order mode is properly allocated through structural discontinuity, for example, a stepped or gradient structure, so that the feed can work in two frequency bands at the same time.
  • structural discontinuity for example, a stepped or gradient structure
  • a metal rod is mainly used as a support of the secondary reflection surface.
  • structural reliability is considered, but little attention is paid to impact on electrical performance of the antenna.
  • the support manner easily increases interference between antennas. There are problems such as disordered distribution of an electromagnetic field, a high side lobe, and deterioration of a radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • Embodiments of this application provide a dual-band feed and a dual-band antenna, to resolve problems of an existing coaxial dual-band antenna: disordered distribution of an electromagnetic field, a high side lobe, and deterioration of a radiation pattern of the antenna, so that performance of the radiation pattern of the antenna is improved.
  • a dual-band antenna including a primary reflection surface, a secondary reflection surface, a dual-band feed, and a dielectric support.
  • the primary reflection surface is disposed opposite to the secondary reflection surface.
  • the dual-band feed includes a low-band feed and a high-band feed.
  • a center frequency of an operating frequency band of the low-band feed is a first center frequency
  • a center frequency of an operating frequency band of the high-band feed is a second center frequency.
  • the dielectric support is disposed between the primary reflection surface and the secondary reflection surface, the dielectric support includes an annular first support portion with an opening on one side, the opening of the first support portion is disposed toward the secondary reflection surface, and a thickness of the first support portion is related to a relative permittivity of the first support portion, the first center frequency, and the second center frequency.
  • the secondary reflection surface is fixedly connected to an opening position of the first support portion, and is enclosed with the first support portion to form a cavity.
  • a first end of the dual-band feed passes through the first support portion and is disposed in the cavity, and a second end of the dual-band feed is connected to a center of the primary reflection surface.
  • a radiation core region of the dielectric support is set to be annular, and is made of a dielectric material.
  • the dielectric material does not disturb irradiation of the dual-band feed, and has little interference to distribution of an electromagnetic field.
  • the high-band feed and the low-band feed implement electromagnetic transparency.
  • a main body of the dielectric support is of an annular structure, and a thickness value of the dielectric support is determined by combining a relative permittivity of the dielectric support, the first center frequency, and the second center frequency. This is beneficial to reducing a side lobe and reducing interference to the antenna, to improve a radiation pattern of the antenna, and improve electrical performance in a high frequency band and a low frequency band.
  • a cross section that is of the first support portion and that is perpendicular to an extension direction of the dual-band feed gradually increases along a first direction, and the first direction is a direction in which the dual-band feed extends toward the secondary reflection surface.
  • the cross section that is of the first support portion and that is closer to the secondary reflection surface is set to be larger, so that the first support portion changes in a horn shape, interference caused by the dielectric support to electromagnetic wave transmission is reduced, and performance of a radiation pattern of the antenna is improved.
  • the cross section that is of the first support portion and that is perpendicular to the extension direction of the dual-band feed is circular. Based on this, the cross section that is of the first support portion and that is perpendicular to the extension direction of the dual-band feed is set to a circle, so that a shape of the opening of the first support portion is more like a shape of the secondary reflection surface, facilitating fixing of the secondary reflection surface.
  • the first support portion having the circular cross section also facilitates transmission of an electromagnetic wave, and improves a characteristic of a radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • a thickness of the dielectric support is related to a first half-dielectric wavelength and a second half-dielectric wavelength.
  • the first half-dielectric wavelength is half of a dielectric wavelength of the first center frequency
  • the second half-dielectric wavelength is half of a dielectric wavelength of the second center frequency.
  • the first half-dielectric wavelength and the second half-dielectric wavelength are used as reference standards for determining the thickness of the dielectric support, and the determined thickness of the dielectric support can reduce interference to signal transmission of an antenna.
  • the first half-dielectric wavelength and the second half-dielectric wavelength are both used to consider radiation performance in both a high frequency band and a low frequency band, and improve performance of a radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support is 0.9N to 1.1N times the first half-dielectric wavelength, and is 0.9M to 1. 1M times the second half-dielectric wavelength, where N and M are both positive integers.
  • a thickness value of the dielectric support is set to be close to a common multiple of the first half-dielectric wavelength and the second half-dielectric wavelength, so that the dielectric support can consider radiation performance in both a high frequency band and a low frequency band, and has an optimal effect, so that electrical performance indicators of the high frequency band and the low frequency band are optimized.
  • An error of ⁇ 10% is reserved for the thickness value of the dielectric support, and the dielectric support whose thickness value is within the error range has little impact on electrical performance of an antenna, to increase a value range of the dielectric support. This facilitates production and processing of the antenna during actual application.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support is X times the first half-dielectric wavelength, and is 0.9M to 1. 1M times the second half-dielectric wavelength, where X ⁇ 0.25, and M is a positive integer.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support is set to an integer multiple of the second half-dielectric wavelength, and an error range of ⁇ 10% is reserved.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support is far less than the first half-dielectric wavelength. Therefore, a quarter of a length of the first half-dielectric wavelength is selected as a threshold, so that the thickness of the dielectric support is not greater than the threshold. In this way, radiation performance in both a high frequency band and a low ban can be considered as much as possible, so that electrical performance in both the bands meets design requirements.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support is a positive integer multiple of the first half-dielectric wavelength, and is a positive integer multiple of the second half-dielectric wavelength. Based on this, the thickness of the dielectric support is set to a common multiple of the first half-dielectric wavelength and the second half-dielectric wavelength, so that radiation performance in both a high frequency band and a low frequency band can be considered, and an optimal effect is obtained, to reduce interference of the dielectric support to electromagnetic wave transmission, and improve performance of a radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • the dielectric support includes the first support portion, and a shape of the first support portion is a hemispherical shape. Based on this, because the dual-band feed radiates spherical waves when performing signal transmission, a signal is also transmitted and received spherically.
  • the shape of the first support portion is set to the hemispherical shape. Because the first support portion is an annular hollow support body, and the thickness of the first support portion is a determined value, an inside of the first support portion is also of a hemispherical shape. In this way, when an electromagnetic wave is transmitted, a transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave may be perpendicular to an inner surface of the first support portion as much as possible, to reduce impact of the dielectric support on signal transmission and improve performance of a radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • the dielectric support further includes a first connection portion, a second support portion, and a second connection portion.
  • the first connection portion, the second support portion, and the first support portion are sequentially connected to the second connection portion.
  • the first connection portion is connected to the secondary reflection surface, and the second connection portion is connected to the dual-band feed.
  • the dielectric support is set to include a plurality of components, and a specific shape of each component can be set based on an action and a function of the component.
  • the first connection portion is configured to connect the dielectric support to the secondary reflection surface.
  • the second connection portion is configured to connect the dielectric support to the dual-band feed.
  • the second support portion may be configured to adjust a position of the dual-band feed, so that the dual-band feed is located at a position where a focus of the primary reflection surface coincides with a virtual focus of the secondary reflection surface.
  • an outer tube fixing piece is disposed on an outer side of the dual-band feed, a bottom end of the dielectric support is fixed on the outer tube fixing piece, and the other end is connected to the secondary reflection surface.
  • a main structure of the dual-band feed is a low frequency waveguide.
  • the low frequency waveguide is thin and has a small contact surface, and is not convenient for direct connection.
  • the outer tube fixing piece is disposed on the dual-band feed, that is, the outer tube fixing piece is disposed on the outer side of the low frequency waveguide.
  • the outer tube fixing piece is beneficial to increasing a contact area with the dielectric support, and facilitates connection between the dielectric support and the dual-band feed.
  • a value of a relative permittivity of the dielectric support ranges from 2 to 4. Based on this, a dielectric material whose relative permittivity is within the value range is selected as a material of the dielectric support, so that interference caused by the dielectric support to an antenna signal can be reduced.
  • a low-frequency matching structure is disposed between the low-band feed and the high-band feed.
  • the low-band feed includes a low frequency waveguide and a choke groove located on a wall of the low frequency waveguide.
  • the low frequency waveguide is configured to transmit a first electromagnetic wave, and an opening direction of the choke groove is the same as a transmission direction of the first electromagnetic wave.
  • the high-band feed includes a high frequency waveguide, the high frequency waveguide is located inside the low frequency waveguide and is coaxial with the low frequency waveguide, and the low-frequency matching structure is disposed between the high frequency waveguide and the low frequency waveguide.
  • An outer radius of the high frequency waveguide and an inner radius of the low frequency waveguide meet a preset condition, so that a TEM mode, a transverse electric mode TE 11 , and a transverse electric mode TE n 1 are excited as the first electromagnetic wave inside the low frequency waveguide, where n is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the outer radius of the high frequency waveguide and the inner radius of the low frequency waveguide are determined based on the preset condition, so that not only the TEM mode and the transverse electric mode TE 11 , but also the higher-order mode TE n 1 can be excited as the first electromagnetic wave inside the low frequency waveguide.
  • a conventional antenna design does not allow generation of the higher-order mode TE n 1 (where n>1, and is an integer), which limits selection ranges of a low frequency band and a high frequency band.
  • a combination range of a low frequency band and a high frequency band can be wider in this application, so that an antenna of this application has a wider application scope, and is applicable to a case in which a frequency ratio of a high frequency to a low frequency is less than 3.
  • the preset condition includes:
  • a choke groove pressure ring is disposed at a top of the low-band feed, and a protective film is disposed between the choke groove pressure ring and the choke groove.
  • the choke groove pressure ring is mainly disposed to fix the protective film disposed on the choke groove.
  • the protective film is disposed on the choke groove to effectively protect the dual-band feed, and prevent rainwater or impurities from falling into the low frequency waveguide and the dual-frequency waveguide, affecting a function of the dual-band feed.
  • an inner wall height of the choke groove is lower than an outer wall height of the choke groove. Based on this, the inner wall height of the choke groove is set to be lower than the outer wall height of the choke groove, so that an opening of the choke groove at an open end of the low frequency waveguide gradually increases, beneficial to transmission of an electromagnetic wave.
  • the high-band feed is a dielectric loaded horn or a multi-mode horn. Based on this, the high-band feed can be flexibly selected based on an actual situation, to improve an application scope of the antenna in this application.
  • a dual-band feed including a low-band feed, a high-band feed, and a low-frequency matching structure disposed between the low-band feed and the high-band feed.
  • the low-band feed includes a low frequency waveguide and a choke groove located on a wall of the low frequency waveguide.
  • the low frequency waveguide is configured to transmit a first electromagnetic wave, and an opening direction of the choke groove is the same as a transmission direction of the first electromagnetic wave.
  • the high-band feed includes a high frequency waveguide, the high frequency waveguide is located inside the low frequency waveguide and is coaxial with the low frequency waveguide, and the low-frequency matching structure is disposed between the high frequency waveguide and the low frequency waveguide.
  • An outer radius of the high frequency waveguide and an inner radius of the low frequency waveguide meet a preset condition, so that a TEM mode, a transverse electric mode TE 11 , and a transverse electric mode TE n 1 are excited as the first electromagnetic wave inside the low frequency waveguide, where n is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the outer radius of the high frequency waveguide and the inner radius of the low frequency waveguide are set to meet the preset condition, so that the dual-band feed provided in this embodiment can support a higher-order mode excited as the first electromagnetic wave.
  • the higher-order mode includes a first higher-order mode TE 11 , a second higher-order mode TE 21 , a third higher-order mode TE 31 , and the like, so that an antenna of the dual-band feed is applicable to a case in which a frequency ratio of an operating frequency of the high frequency waveguide to an operating frequency of the low frequency waveguide is less than 3.
  • the dual-band feed provided in this embodiment has a wider application scope, and can better meet a market demand.
  • the preset condition includes:
  • a choke groove pressure ring is disposed at a top of the low-band feed, and a protective film is disposed between the choke groove pressure ring and the choke groove.
  • the choke groove pressure ring is mainly disposed to fix the protective film disposed on the choke groove.
  • the protective film is disposed on the choke groove to effectively protect the dual-band feed, and prevent rainwater or impurities from falling into the low frequency waveguide and the dual-frequency waveguide, affecting a function of the dual-band feed.
  • an inner wall height of the choke groove is lower than an outer wall height of the choke groove. Based on this, the inner wall height of the choke groove is set to be lower than the outer wall height of the choke groove, so that an opening of the choke groove at an open end of the low frequency waveguide gradually increases, beneficial to transmission of an electromagnetic wave.
  • the high-band feed is a dielectric loaded horn or a multi-mode horn. Based on this, the high-band feed can be flexibly selected based on an actual situation, to improve an application scope of the antenna in this application.
  • 1 Primary reflection surface
  • 2 Secondary reflection surface
  • 3 Dielectric support
  • 4 Dual-band feed
  • 301 First connection portion
  • 302 Second support portion
  • 303 First support portion
  • 304 Second connection portion
  • 401 low-band feed
  • 402 Low-frequency matching structure
  • 403 high-band feed
  • 4011 Choke groove pressure ring
  • 4012 Outer tube fixing piece
  • 4013 Low frequency waveguide
  • 4031 Dielectric head
  • 4032 High frequency waveguide.
  • the word “example” or “for example” is used to represent giving an example, an illustration, or a description. Any embodiment or design scheme described as an “example” or “for example” in embodiments of this application should not be explained as being more preferred or having more advantages than another embodiment or design scheme. Exactly, use of the word “example”, “for example”, or the like is intended to present a related concept in a specific manner.
  • a subscript for example, Wi
  • W1 may sometimes be written in an incorrect form, for example, W1. Expressed meanings are consistent when differences are not emphasized.
  • first and second in embodiments of this application are merely intended for a purpose of description, and shall not be understood as an indication or implication of relative importance or implicit indication of a quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature limited by “first” or “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.
  • At least one means one or more, and "a plurality of” means two or more.
  • At least one item (piece) of the following” or a similar expression thereof means any combination of these items, including a singular item (piece) or any combination of plural items (pieces).
  • at least one (piece) of a, b, or c may represent: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, where a, b, and c may be singular or plural.
  • the term "and/or” used in this specification indicates and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more items in associated listed items.
  • the term “and/or” describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and/or B may represent the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates an “or” relationship between the associated objects.
  • determining B based on A does not mean that B is determined based on only A, and B may alternatively be determined based on A and/or other information.
  • embodiments of this application provide a dual-band antenna to improve performance of the radiation pattern of the antenna. Embodiments of this application are described below with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a dual-band antenna according to an embodiment of this application.
  • the dual-band antenna includes a primary reflection surface 1, a secondary reflection surface 2, a dual-band feed 4, and a dielectric support 3.
  • the primary reflection surface 1 is disposed opposite to the secondary reflection surface 2.
  • the dual-band feed 4 includes a low-band feed 401 and a high-band feed 403.
  • a center frequency of an operating frequency band of the low-band feed 401 is a first center frequency
  • a center frequency of an operating frequency band of the high-band feed 403 is a second center frequency.
  • the dielectric support 3 is disposed between the primary reflection surface 1 and the secondary reflection surface 2, the dielectric support 3 includes an annular first support portion 303 with an opening on one side, the opening of the first support portion 303 is disposed toward the secondary reflection surface 2, and a thickness of the first support portion 303 is related to a relative permittivity of the first support portion 303, the first center frequency, and the second center frequency.
  • the secondary reflection surface 2 is fixedly connected to an opening position of the first support portion 303, and is enclosed with the first support portion 303 to form a cavity.
  • a first end of the dual-band feed 4 passes through the first support portion 303 and is disposed in the cavity, and a second end of the dual-band feed 4 is connected to a center of the primary reflection surface 1.
  • the primary reflection surface 1 and the secondary reflection surface 2 may use, based on a design requirement, a structure that meets the requirement. Specific selected types of the primary reflection surface 1 and secondary reflection surface 2 are not limited in this embodiment of this application, and selection of the primary reflection surface 1 and the secondary reflection surface 2 does not affect implementation of a purpose of this application, provided that a corresponding design requirement is met.
  • the primary reflection surface 1 may use a standard paraboloid or a ring focus paraboloid whose focus has an offset.
  • a curve of the corresponding secondary reflection surface 2 may use a hyperbola or an ellipse.
  • a curve of the corresponding secondary reflection surface 2 may also be an ellipse or a hyperbola.
  • this embodiment is described by using an example in which the primary reflection surface 1 is the ring-focus paraboloid and the secondary reflection surface 2 is the ellipse.
  • the dielectric support 3 in an antenna field is a support structure made of a dielectric material.
  • the dielectric material does not include a material that strongly reflects a transmitted antenna signal, for example, metal, and is usually made of a material that has little interference to an electromagnetic wave, for example, plastic.
  • engineering plastic may be selected as the dielectric material, and polyphenylene oxide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like may be selected as the engineering plastic.
  • a specific selected material is not limited in this embodiment of this application, provided that interference caused by the material of the dielectric support to the electromagnetic wave is lower than a corresponding design standard.
  • the dielectric support 3 in this embodiment is made of polyphenylene oxide.
  • the dual-band feed 4 may be a coaxial dual-band feed, and a center frequency is an average frequency value of an operating frequency band.
  • Specific values of the first center frequency and the second center frequency of the dual-band feed 4 may be set as required, without affecting the implementation of the purpose of this application. For example, when the operating frequency band of the low-band feed 401 is 27.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz, the first center frequency is 28.5 GHz; and when the operating frequency band of the high-band feed 403 is 71 GHz to 86 GHz, the second center frequency is 78.5 GHz.
  • a shape of the annular first support portion 303 with an opening on one side is not specifically limited.
  • An interior of the first support portion 303 is hollow, and the opening of the first support portion 303 faces the secondary reflection surface 2, and the secondary reflection surface 2 covers an opening end of the first support portion 303, and is enclosed with the first support portion 303 to form a cavity.
  • a size of the secondary reflection surface 2 is determined based on a selected model of the secondary reflection surface 2, and a size of the opening of the first support portion 303 is greater than or equal to the size of the secondary reflection surface 2.
  • the opening of the first support portion 303 may be equal to the size of the secondary reflection surface 2, so that the secondary reflection surface 2 just coincides with the opening of the first support portion 303.
  • a thickness of the first support portion 303 means a wall thickness of the first support portion 303. As shown in FIG. 7 , the wall thickness of the first support portion 303 is d.
  • the first support portion 303 is a main part of the dielectric support 3, and a signal of the antenna mainly passes through the first support portion 303 for transmission. Therefore, the thickness of the first support portion 303 is one of important factors affecting performance of a radiation pattern of the antenna. However, different electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths.
  • the thickness of the first support portion 303 when the thickness of the first support portion 303 is set, reference may be made to a relative permittivity of the first support portion 303 and a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave passing through the first support portion 303, to reduce impact of the thickness of the first support portion 303 on the performance of the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • a radiation core region of the dielectric support 3 is set to be annular, and is made of engineering plastic as a dielectric material.
  • the dielectric material does not disturb irradiation of the dual-band feed 4, and has little interference to distribution of an electromagnetic field.
  • the high-band feed 403 and the low-band feed 401 implement electromagnetic transparency.
  • a main body of the dielectric support 3 is of an annular structure, and a thickness value of the dielectric support 3 is determined by combining a relative permittivity of the dielectric support 3, the first center frequency, and the second center frequency.
  • the dielectric support 3 is an annular hollow support body, structure reliability is high and assembly is convenient.
  • an operating frequency of the low-band feed 401 is 28 GHz and an operating frequency of the high-band feed 403 is 80 GHz is used below to perform simulation analysis on the dual-band antenna in this embodiment and on a case in which the dielectric support 3 is removed from the dual-band antenna in this embodiment, to analyze impact of the dielectric support 3 disposed according to the method described in the foregoing embodiment on performance of the dual-band antenna.
  • FIG. 5A is a simulation analysis diagram of a dual-band antenna on a plane E according to an embodiment of this application
  • FIG. 5B is a simulation analysis diagram of a dual-band antenna on a plane E when the dielectric support 3 is removed according to an embodiment of this application.
  • the dual-band antenna in this embodiment has little impact on an electric field of the dual-band antenna on the plane E when there is the dielectric support 3 and when the dielectric support 3 is removed.
  • FIG. 6A is a simulation analysis diagram of a dual-band antenna on a plane H according to an embodiment of this application
  • FIG. 6B is a simulation analysis diagram of a dual-band antenna on a plane H when the dielectric support 3 is removed according to an embodiment of this application. It can be learned from FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B that the dual-band antenna in this embodiment also has little impact on the electric field of the dual-band antenna on the plane H when there is the dielectric support 3 and when the dielectric support 3 is removed.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram of comparing a characteristic of a standing wave of a dual-band antenna with the dielectric support 3 with a characteristic of a standing wave of a dual-band antenna without the dielectric support 3 according to an embodiment of this application.
  • a curve S1 in FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram of the standing wave of the dual-band antenna without the dielectric support 3 in this embodiment.
  • a curve S2 is a characteristic diagram of the standing wave of the dual-band antenna with the dielectric support 3 in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram of comparing a characteristic of a radiation pattern of a dual-band antenna with the dielectric support 3 with a characteristic of a radiation pattern of a dual-band antenna without the dielectric support 3 according to an embodiment of this application.
  • a curve L1 in FIG. 12 is a characteristic curve of a radiation pattern of the dual-band antenna without the dielectric support 3 in this embodiment.
  • a curve L2 is a characteristic curve of a radiation pattern of the dual-band antenna with the dielectric support 3 in this embodiment.
  • a cross section that is of the first support portion 303 and that is perpendicular to an extension direction of the dual-band feed 4 gradually increases along a first direction, and the first direction is a direction in which the dual-band feed 4 extends toward the secondary reflection surface 2.
  • the first direction is a direction that is perpendicular to an axis of a low frequency waveguide 4013 and that points to the secondary reflection surface 2.
  • the cross section that is of the first support portion 303 and that is perpendicular to the extension direction of the dual-band feed 4 gradually increases along the first direction.
  • the first support portion 303 gradually changes, and the cross section that is of first support portion 303, that is perpendicular to the first direction and that is closer to the secondary reflection surface 2 is larger, so that the first support portion 303 changes in a horn shape. In this way, it is more convenient for the dual-band feed 4 to receive and transmit signals, reducing impact of the dielectric support 3 on signal transmission, reducing generation of side lobes, and improving performance of the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • a shape of the first support portion 303 may be a hemispherical shape, a truncated cone shape, or a prism shape. It should be understood that the shape of the first support portion 303 is not limited to the foregoing shape, and may be a deformation of the foregoing shape or another shape. It is appropriate that impact of the shape of the first support portion 303 on antenna signal transmission meets a corresponding standard, and the standard may be ETSI EN 302 217-4 Class 3.
  • FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of FIG. 4 .
  • the first support portion 303 in this embodiment of this application is a hemispherical shape, and an interior of the hemispherical first support portion 303 is a spherical surface. Because an electromagnetic wave generated by the feed is scattered from the dual-band feed 4, the first support portion 303 of the spherical surface causes less interference to signal transmission. This helps improve performance of the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • the first support portion 303 may be in a truncated cone shape.
  • FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of another embodiment of this application. Compared with a metal support, the first support portion 303 in the truncated cone shape greatly improves performance of the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • the first support portion 303 may alternatively be in a prism shape.
  • FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of still another embodiment of this application. Specifically, a prism in FIG. 9 is an octagonal prism. During actual application, a shape of the prism may be determined based on a design requirement, for example, a pentagonal prism or a hexagonal bevel. When a surface of the prism is approaching infinity, the prism is approaching a truncated cone.
  • the prism-shaped first support portion 303 also helps reduce generation of side lobes, and improves performance of the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • the cross section that is of the first support portion 303 and that is perpendicular to the extension direction of the dual-band feed 4 is circular.
  • the extension direction of the dual-band feed 4 is a straight line in which an axis of the dual-band feed 4 is located.
  • the cross section that is of the first support portion 303 and that is perpendicular to the axis of the dual-band feed 4 is circular.
  • the cross section that is of the first support portion 303 and that is perpendicular to the axis of the dual-band feed 4 is set to a circle, so that a shape of the opening of the first support portion 303 is closer to a shape of the secondary reflection surface 2. This facilitates fixing of the secondary reflection surface 2.
  • the cross section that is of the first support portion 303 and that is perpendicular to the axis of the dual-band feed 4 is circular.
  • the shape of the first support portion 303 may be a hemispherical shape or a truncated cone shape.
  • the first support portion 303 of the two shapes has little impact on signal transmission of the dual-band feed 4. This is beneficial to transmission of electromagnetic waves, to improve a characteristic of the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • a thickness of the dielectric support 3 is related to a first half-dielectric wavelength and a second half-dielectric wavelength.
  • the first half-dielectric wavelength is half of a dielectric wavelength of the first center frequency
  • the second half-dielectric wavelength is half of a dielectric wavelength of the second center frequency.
  • Signals transmitted by the dual-band feed 4 include a high-frequency signal and a low-frequency signal. Disposing of the dielectric support 3 has impact on transmission of the high-frequency signal and transmission of the low-frequency signal. Therefore, when the dielectric support 3 is disposed, both the impact on the high-frequency signal and the impact on the low-frequency signal may be considered. A wavelength of the high-frequency signal is inconsistent with a wavelength of the low-frequency signal. Therefore, when the dielectric support 3 is disposed, the wavelength of the high-frequency signal and the wavelength of the low-frequency signal may be comprehensively considered.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support 3 is related to the first half-dielectric wavelength and the second half-dielectric wavelength.
  • the first half-dielectric wavelength is half of the dielectric wavelength of the first center frequency, and the first center frequency is a center frequency of the low-frequency signal.
  • the second half-dielectric wavelength is half of the dielectric wavelength of the second center frequency, and the second center frequency is a center frequency of the high frequency signal.
  • the first half-dielectric wavelength and the second half-dielectric wavelength are used as reference standards for determining the thickness of the dielectric support 3, and the determined thickness of the dielectric support 3 can reduce interference to signal transmission of the antenna.
  • radiation performance in both a high frequency band and a low frequency band can be considered, to improve performance of the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support 3 is 0.9N to 1.1N times the first half-dielectric wavelength, and is 0.9M to 1.1M times the second half-dielectric wavelength, where N and M are positive integers.
  • a thickness value of the dielectric support 3 is set to be close to a common multiple of the first half-dielectric wavelength and the second half-dielectric wavelength, and the dielectric support 3 can consider radiation performance in both a high frequency band and a low frequency band, and has a better effect, so that electrical performance indicators of the high frequency band and the low frequency band are optimized.
  • An error of ⁇ 10% is reserved for the thickness value of the dielectric support 3, and the dielectric support 3 whose thickness value is within the error range has little impact on electrical performance of the antenna, to increase a value range of the dielectric support 3. This facilitates production and processing of the antenna during actual application.
  • a dielectric material of the dielectric support 3 is polyphenylene oxide (Polyphenylene Oxide, PPO)
  • an operating frequency band range of the low-band feed 401 is 27.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz
  • an operating frequency band range of the high-band feed 403 is 71 GHz to 86 GHz is used for description.
  • a relative permittivity of the polyphenylene oxide is 2.55.
  • the first center frequency is the center frequency of the low-frequency signal. Therefore, the first center frequency is 28.5 GHz.
  • the second center frequency is the center frequency of the high-frequency signal. Therefore, the second center frequency is 78.5 GHz.
  • the first half-dielectric wavelength is half of a first dielectric wavelength
  • the second half-dielectric wavelength is half of a second dielectric wavelength
  • an optional value of N times the first half-dielectric wavelength is a value such as 3.3 mm, 6.6 mm, or 9.9 mm.
  • an optional value of the second half-dielectric wavelength that an optional value of M times the second half-dielectric wavelength is a value such as 1.2 mm. 2.4 mm, 3.6 mm, or 4.8 mm.
  • N times the first half-dielectric wavelength is close to 3.6 mm in the optional values: M times the second half-dielectric wavelength.
  • the thickness value of the dielectric support 3 may fluctuate by 10% on the basis of the foregoing value. Therefore, in comprehensive consideration of the first half-dielectric wavelength and the second half-dielectric wavelength, the thickness value of the dielectric support 3 in this embodiment may be 3.6 mm.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support 3 is not unique.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support 3 may be a value between 3 mm and 4 mm.
  • a specific value of the dielectric support 3 needs to be determined based on impact of the dielectric support 3 on antenna performance, to meet a design requirement.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support 3 is X times the first half-dielectric wavelength, and is 0.9M to 1.1M times the second half-dielectric wavelength, where X ⁇ 0.25, and M is a positive integer.
  • an integer multiple of the second half-dielectric wavelength is used as a reference for the thickness value of the dielectric support 3, and an error range of ⁇ 10% may be reserved for the thickness value of the dielectric support 3.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support 3 is far less than a length of the first half-dielectric wavelength. Therefore, a quarter of the length of the first half-dielectric wavelength may be selected as a reference threshold of the thickness value of the dielectric support 3, so that the thickness of the dielectric support 3 is less than or equal to the reference threshold. In this way, radiation performance in both a high frequency band and a low frequency band can be considered as much as possible, so that electrical performance in both the bands meets design requirements.
  • the dielectric material of the dielectric support 3 is polyphenylene oxide
  • the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the low-band feed 401 is 18 GHz
  • the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the high-band feed 403 is 80 GHz
  • the relative permittivity of the polyphenylene oxide is 2.55.
  • the first center frequency is the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the low-band feed 401. Therefore, the first center frequency is 18 GHz.
  • the second center frequency is the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the high-band feed 403. Therefore, the second center frequency is 80 GHz. In this case, a frequency ratio of the high frequency to the low frequency is greater than 3.
  • the first half-dielectric wavelength is half of a first dielectric wavelength
  • the second half-dielectric wavelength is half of a second dielectric wavelength. According to the foregoing formula, the first half-dielectric wavelength and the second half-dielectric wavelength when the frequency ratio of the high frequency to the low frequency is greater than 3 may be obtained.
  • the second half-dielectric wavelength is far less than the first half-dielectric wavelength.
  • the thickness value of the dielectric support 3 refer to the thickness of the second half-dielectric wavelength ⁇ 4 and a quarter of the first half-dielectric wavelength used as a threshold. Therefore, in comprehensive consideration of the first half-dielectric wavelength and the second half-dielectric wavelength, the thickness value of the dielectric support 3 in this embodiment may be 1.2 mm.
  • the thickness value of the dielectric support 3 may have an error, for example, an error range is ⁇ 10%.
  • the value of the dielectric support 3 may be 1.2 mm, 1.1 mm, or 1.3 mm, or may be within a range from 1.1 mm to 1.3 mm. 1.2 mm is an optimal value for comprehensive consideration.
  • the thickness of the dielectric support 3 is not limited to this value, and the thickness of the dielectric support 3 is a value as long as impact of the dielectric support 3 on the antenna performance does not exceed a design requirement.
  • the method for obtaining the thickness of the dielectric support 3 described in this embodiment is mainly applied to a case in which the frequency ratio of the high frequency to the low frequency is less than 3. However, when the frequency ratio of the high frequency to the low frequency is less than 3, a method for obtaining the thickness is not limited to the method described in this embodiment.
  • the thickness value of the dielectric support 3 may be determined according to any value obtaining method in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the thickness value of the dielectric support 3 may be 1.2 mm or 3.6 mm.
  • the thickness value of the dielectric support 3 may alternatively be 1.2 mm or 3.6 mm.
  • Table 1 Combination of the center frequency of the low frequency and the center frequency of the high frequency Reference value of the thickness d of the dielectric support 3 15 GHz & 80 GHz 1.2 mm 18 GHz & 80 GHz 1.2 mm 23 GHz & 80 GHz 1.2 mm or 3.6 mm 26 GHz & 80 GHz 1.2 mm or 3.6 mm 28 GHz & 80 GHz 1.2 mm or 3.6 mm 32 GHz & 80 GHz 2.4 mm 38 GHz & 80 GHz 2.4 mm
  • FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of FIG. 4 .
  • a dielectric support 3 includes a first support portion 303, and a shape of the first support portion 303 is hemispherical. Since a dual-band feed 4 radiates spherical waves during signal transmission, signals are also basically transmitted and received in a spherical manner. Therefore, the shape of the first support portion 303 is set to a hemispherical shape, so that the shape of the first support portion 303 is closer to a shape formed through electromagnetic wave transmission. The shape of the first support portion 303 is hemispherical.
  • the first support portion 303 is an annular hollow support body, and a thickness d of the first support portion 303 is a specified value, an interior of the first support portion 303 is also hemispherical.
  • the dual-band feed 4 is located inside the first support portion 303, and the hemispherical first support portion 303 enables a transmission direction of an electromagnetic wave to be perpendicular to a surface of the first support portion 303 as much as possible during electromagnetic wave transmission, reducing refraction of the electromagnetic wave, to reduce impact of the dielectric support 3 on signal transmission, and improve performance of a radiation pattern of an antenna.
  • the dielectric support 3 further includes a first connection portion 301, a second support portion 302, and a second connection portion 304.
  • the first connection portion 301, the second support portion 302, and the first support portion 303 are sequentially connected to the second connection portion 304.
  • the first connection portion 301 is connected to a secondary reflection surface 2, and the second connection portion 304 is connected to the dual-band feed 4.
  • a main part of the dielectric support 3 is the first support portion 303.
  • the dielectric support 3 is fixed on the dual-band feed 4, and a top end of the dielectric support 3 is connected to the secondary reflection surface 2, to support the secondary reflection surface 2. Therefore, the dielectric support 3 further includes the first connection portion 301 and the second connection portion 304.
  • the first connection portion 301 is located on a side that is of the first support portion 303 and that is close to the secondary reflection surface 2, to connect the first support portion 303 to the secondary reflection surface 2.
  • the first support portion 303 is provided with an adaption structure connected to the secondary reflection surface 2.
  • the first support portion 303 and the secondary reflection surface 2 may be fixed in an adhesive manner. For example, Super X 8008 black adhesive is used for bonding.
  • first support portion 303 and the secondary reflection surface 2 may be fixed in another manner, for example, a threaded connection or a buckle connection.
  • a specific connection manner between the first support portion 303 and the secondary reflection surface 2 is not limited in this embodiment of this application.
  • the second connection portion 304 is located on a side that is of the first support portion 303 and that is close to the dual-band feed 4, to fix the first support portion 303 on the dual-band feed 4.
  • An adaptation structure connected to the dual-band feed 4 is disposed on the second connection portion 304.
  • the second support portion 302 is further disposed between the first connection portion 301 and the first support portion 303.
  • a main function of the second support portion 302 is to adjust a position of the secondary reflection surface 2, so that the dual-band feed 4 is located at a focus of the primary reflection surface 1 and a virtual focus of the secondary reflection surface 2.
  • the second support portion 302 and the first support portion 303 may be two independent components and connected together, or may be integrally formed.
  • first connection portion 301 and the second support portion 302 may be integrally formed, or the two independent components may be connected together through bonding or welding.
  • the second connection portion 304 and the first support portion 303 may be integrally formed, or the two independent components may be connected together through bonding or welding.
  • a height of the second support portion 302 is determined mainly based on a position of a signal receiving/sending point of the dual-band feed 4, a position of the first support portion 303, and a structure of the secondary reflection surface 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a dual-band antenna according to an embodiment of this application.
  • a position of a primary reflection surface 1 is first determined, and a bottom end of the dual-band feed 4 is connected to a center of the primary reflection surface 1.
  • An axis of the dual-band feed 4 coincides with an axis of the primary reflection surface 1.
  • a height of a low frequency waveguide 4013 on the dual-band feed 4 is set, so that a signal receiving/sending point of the dual-band feed 4 is located at a focus of the primary reflection surface 1.
  • a dielectric support 3 is fixed on the dual-band feed 4, and a secondary reflection surface 2 is fixed on a top of the dielectric support 3.
  • FIG. 5 A relationship between the secondary reflection surface 2, the dielectric support 3, and the dual-band feed 4 is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • a position of a focus (or a virtual focus) of the secondary reflection surface 2 may be determined. Since a position of the dual-band feed 4 is fixed, a distance between the secondary reflection surface 2 and the dual-band feed 4 may be adjusted by setting a height of the second support portion 302, so that the signal receiving/sending point of the dual-band feed 4 is located at the focus (or the virtual focus) of the secondary reflection surface 2. Therefore, the signal receiving/sending point of the dual-band feed 4 is located at a focus of the primary reflection surface 1 and the focus (or the virtual focus) of the secondary reflection surface 2.
  • an outer tube fixing piece 4012 is disposed on an outer side of the dual-band feed 4, a bottom end of the dielectric support 3 is fixed on the outer tube fixing piece 4012, and the other end is connected to the secondary reflection surface 2.
  • a main support structure of the dual-band feed 4 is a low frequency waveguide 4013 on an outer side, the low frequency waveguide 4013 is thin and has a small contact surface. This is inconvenient for direct connection.
  • the dielectric support 3 is fixed on the dual-band feed 4. Therefore, by disposing the outer tube fixing piece 4012 on the outer side of the dual-band feed 4, the outer tube fixing piece 4012 helps increase a contact area with the dielectric support 3, and facilitates connection between the dielectric support 3 and the dual-band feed 4.
  • the outer tube fixing piece 4012 mainly serves to fix and support the dielectric support 3.
  • a shape of the outer tube fixing piece 4012 may be determined based on an actual requirement. For example, when the low frequency waveguide 4013 in the dual-band feed 4 is processed, a support platform may be integrally formed on the low frequency waveguide 4013, to fix and support the dielectric support 3.
  • the shape of the outer tube fixing piece 4012 may be set, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the outer tube fixing piece 4012 includes a tube body sleeved outside the low frequency waveguide 4013 and a circular support plate disposed at a bottom of the tube body.
  • the tube body and the support plate may be integrally formed, or may be connected and fixed.
  • a concave-convex structure is disposed between the tube body and the low frequency waveguide 4013, so that the tube body and the low frequency waveguide 4013 are more closely matched.
  • the dielectric support 3 is fixed on the support plate of the outer tube fixing piece 4012.
  • the second connection portion 304 on the dielectric support 3 is fixed on the support plate of the outer tube fixing piece 4012, and may be fixed in an adhesive manner.
  • Super X 8008 black adhesive may be selected.
  • the adhesive is not limited to this, and appropriate adhesive may be selected based on an actual situation.
  • the dielectric support 3 and the outer tube fixing piece 4012 may alternatively be fixed through screw fixing or buckle fixing.
  • FIG. 7 shows threaded holes disposed on the second connection portion 304 and the support plate on the outer tube fixing piece 4012 when the screw fixing is used.
  • a manner of fixing the dielectric support 3 and the outer tube fixing piece 4012 may be flexibly selected based on an actual situation. Details are not described in this embodiment.
  • a value of a relative permittivity of the dielectric support 3 ranges from 2 to 4.
  • a dielectric material whose relative permittivity is within the value range is selected as a material of the dielectric support 3, so that interference caused by the dielectric support 3 to an antenna signal can be reduced.
  • a material such as polyphenylene oxide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, or polytetrafluoroethylene may be used as the material of the dielectric support 3.
  • a low-frequency matching structure 402 is disposed between the low-band feed 401 and the high-band feed 403.
  • the low-band feed 401 includes a low frequency waveguide 4013 and a choke groove located on a wall of the low frequency waveguide 4013.
  • the low frequency waveguide 4013 is configured to transmit a first electromagnetic wave, and an opening direction of the choke groove is the same as a transmission direction of the first electromagnetic wave.
  • the high-band feed 403 includes a high frequency waveguide 4032.
  • the high frequency waveguide 4032 is located inside the low frequency waveguide 4013, and is coaxial with the low frequency waveguide 4013.
  • the low-frequency matching structure 402 is disposed between the high frequency waveguide 4032 and the low frequency waveguide 4013.
  • An outer radius of the high frequency waveguide 4032 and an inner radius of the low frequency waveguide 4013 meet a preset condition, so that a TEM mode, a transverse electric mode TE 11 , and a transverse electric mode TE n1 are excited as the first electromagnetic wave inside the low frequency waveguide 4013, where n is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a dual-band feed according to an embodiment of this application.
  • a low-band feed 401 includes a low frequency waveguide 4013 and a choke groove disposed on the low frequency waveguide 4013.
  • a dielectric loaded horn is used in a high-band feed 403.
  • the high-band feed 403 includes a high frequency waveguide 4032 and a dielectric head 4031.
  • the dielectric head 4031 is disposed at an open end of the high frequency waveguide 4032, and a top of the dielectric head 4031 is not higher than a top of the low frequency waveguide 4013 provided with the choke groove.
  • a low-frequency matching structure 402 is disposed between the low frequency waveguide 4013 and the high frequency waveguide 4032.
  • the low-frequency matching structure 402 may include a plurality of concentric dielectric columns or metal rings.
  • the low-frequency matching structure 402 may change characteristic impedance of a waveguide, and reduce generation of reflection.
  • a specific structure of the low-frequency matching structure 402 is not limited in this embodiment of this application, provided that a corresponding design requirement is met.
  • the choke groove is disposed on a wall of the low frequency waveguide 4013. An opening direction of the choke groove is the same as a transmission direction of a first electromagnetic wave. By setting a position, a width, and a depth of the choke groove, a higher-order mode TM 11 of an appropriate amplitude may be generated.
  • a specific structure of the choke groove is not limited in this embodiment of this application, as long as disposing of the choke groove meets a corresponding design requirement.
  • a specific size, a position setting, and the like of the choke groove are not described in detail in this embodiment.
  • the high-band feed 403 includes a high-frequency electromagnetic wave and a low-frequency electromagnetic wave.
  • an operating frequency band of the low-band feed 401 ranges from 27.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz
  • an operating frequency band of the high-band feed 403 ranges from 71 GHz to 86 GHz.
  • 27.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz is an electromagnetic wave
  • 71 GHz to 86 GHz is a high-frequency electromagnetic wave.
  • the first electromagnetic wave is a low-frequency electromagnetic wave.
  • the preset condition is mainly set to determine an outer radius of the high frequency waveguide 4032 and an inner radius of the low frequency waveguide 4013.
  • the outer radius of the high frequency waveguide 4032 and the inner radius of the low frequency waveguide 4013 are determined by setting the preset condition. Therefore, in the dual-band feed 4 using these sizes, not only a TEM mode and a transverse electric mode TE 11 , but also a higher-order mode TE n 1 can be excited as the first electromagnetic wave inside the low frequency waveguide 4013.
  • a conventional antenna design does not allow generation of the higher-order mode TE n 1 . This limits selection ranges of a low frequency band and a high frequency band.
  • the antenna in this embodiment can implement a wider combination range of a low frequency band and a high frequency band, so that the antenna in this application has a wider application scope, and is applicable to a case in which a frequency ratio of a high frequency to a low frequency is less than 3.
  • the preset condition includes:
  • the mode TE 11 and mode TE n 1 are to be excited inside the low frequency waveguide 4013.
  • the mode TE n 1 may include a higher-order mode TE 21 , a higher-order mode TE 31 , and the like.
  • the inner radius of the high frequency waveguide 4032 may be a value ranging from 1.5 mm to 1.6 mm.
  • the high frequency waveguide 4032 has a thickness. Considering reliability of the high frequency waveguide 4032 and difficulty in actual processing, a value of the thickness of the high frequency waveguide 4032 may range from 1 mm to 2 mm. Therefore, a value of the outer radius a of the high frequency waveguide 4032 may range from 2.5 mm to 3.6 mm.
  • the electric field has reverse phases at boundaries of two sides of a waveguide, and the higher-order modes such as TE 21 and TE 31 have a same phase at the boundaries of the sides of the waveguide.
  • the coaxial low frequency waveguide 4013 and high frequency waveguide 4032 support the higher-order modes such as TE 21 and TE 31 , the higher-order modes such as TE 21 and TE 31 cannot be excited due to the differential feeding. Therefore, the higher-order modes such as TE 21 and TE 31 basically have no impact on performance of the entire dual-band feed 4. This is not considered in an existing coaxial dual-band feed.
  • a choke groove pressure ring 4011 is disposed at a top of the low-band feed 401, and a protective film is disposed between the choke groove pressure ring 4011 and the choke groove.
  • the choke groove pressure ring 4011 is mainly disposed to fix the protective film disposed on the choke groove.
  • the protective film is disposed on the choke groove to effectively protect the dual-band feed 4, and prevent rainwater or impurities from falling into the low frequency waveguide 4013 and a dual-frequency waveguide, affecting a function of the dual-band feed 4.
  • an inner wall height of the choke groove is lower than an outer wall height of the choke groove.
  • the inner wall height of the choke groove is set to be lower than the outer wall height of the choke groove, so that an opening of the choke groove at an open end of the low frequency waveguide 4013 gradually increases, beneficial to transmission of an electromagnetic wave.
  • the high-band feed 403 is a dielectric loaded horn or a multi-mode horn.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a structure of another dual-band antenna according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 13 , a multi-mode horn may be used as the high-band feed 403. In actual use, an appropriate high-band feed 403 may be selected based on an actual situation, to increase an application scope of the antenna in this application. Selection of the high-band feed 403 is not limited to the foregoing selection.
  • This application further provides a dual-band feed, including a low-band feed 401, a high-band feed 403, and a low-frequency matching structure 402 disposed between the low-band feed 401 and the high-band feed 403.
  • the low-band feed 401 includes a low frequency waveguide 4013 and a choke groove located on a wall of the low frequency waveguide 4013.
  • the low frequency waveguide 4013 is configured to transmit a first electromagnetic wave.
  • An opening direction of a choke groove is the same as a transmission direction of the first electromagnetic wave.
  • the high-band feed 403 includes a high frequency waveguide 4032.
  • the high frequency waveguide 4032 is located inside the low frequency waveguide 4013, and is coaxial with the low frequency waveguide 4013.
  • the low-frequency matching structure 402 is disposed between the high frequency waveguide 4032 and the low frequency waveguide 4013.
  • An outer radius of the high frequency waveguide 4032 and an inner radius of the low frequency waveguide 4013 meet a preset condition, so that a TEM mode, a transverse electric mode TE 11 , and a transverse electric mode TE n 1 are excited as the first electromagnetic wave inside the low frequency waveguide 4013, where n is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the preset condition includes:
  • a choke groove pressure ring 4011 is disposed at a top of the low-band feed 401, and a protective film is disposed between the choke groove pressure ring 4011 and the choke groove.
  • an inner wall height of the choke groove is lower than an outer wall height of the choke groove.
  • the inner wall height of the choke groove is set to be lower than the outer wall height of the choke groove, so that an opening of the choke groove at an open end of the low frequency waveguide 4013 gradually increases, beneficial to transmission of an electromagnetic wave.
  • the high-band feed 403 is a dielectric loaded horn or a multi-mode horn.
  • the high-band feed 403 may be flexibly selected based on an actual situation, to improve an application scope of the antenna in this application.
  • Embodiments in this specification are all described in a progressive manner, for same or similar parts in embodiments, reference may be made to these embodiments, and each embodiment focuses on a difference from other embodiments.

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