EP4230755A1 - Alliage contenant de l'aluminium pour extrusion ou d'autres processus de fabrication corroyés - Google Patents

Alliage contenant de l'aluminium pour extrusion ou d'autres processus de fabrication corroyés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4230755A1
EP4230755A1 EP22158008.7A EP22158008A EP4230755A1 EP 4230755 A1 EP4230755 A1 EP 4230755A1 EP 22158008 A EP22158008 A EP 22158008A EP 4230755 A1 EP4230755 A1 EP 4230755A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass
amount
aluminium
less
aluminium alloy
Prior art date
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EP22158008.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rüdiger Franke
Antonio Monteiro
Henning Fehrmann
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Fehrmann GmbH
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Fehrmann GmbH
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Priority to EP22158008.7A priority Critical patent/EP4230755A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2023/054420 priority patent/WO2023161274A1/fr
Publication of EP4230755A1 publication Critical patent/EP4230755A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an alloy containing aluminium and magnesium, a method for the manufacture of said alloy, a method for the manufacture of a product comprising said alloy, a product comprising said alloy, and in particular to the use of said alloy in an extrusion or other wrought manufacturing process.
  • Extrusion processes are used as forming process for a variety of aluminium products, such as rods, wires, tubes, hollow profiles, solid profiles, and irregularly shaped prismatic profiles.
  • Such products desirably have high elongation combined with high strength. Such properties provide for excellent energy uptake capacity of the aluminium products. Therefore, such aluminium products find application in automotive industry, e.g., in the manufacture of mechanically stable parts of a car to provide increased crash safety for the passengers. Further applications of extruded aluminium products may be in aircraft engineering, shipbuilding, train construction, and the construction sector.
  • aluminium alloy A crucial aspect in the manufacturing of aluminium products by means of extrusion processes is the aluminium alloy.
  • Such alloy must have a coarse grain structure to provide for sufficient deformation characteristics, i.e. good formability, which are essential for successful extrusion. It is understood that the microstructure of an aluminium alloy is refined during forming by an extrusion process. This results in a refined microstructure of the aluminium product and hence increased strength and elongation properties.
  • aluminium alloys used in casting applications or the like are not suitable for application in extrusion processes: Such alloys are generally designed to provide high strength after casting. However, this means that high forces are required during extrusion which exceed the limits imposed by the available extrusion presses and plants.
  • extrusion temperature Another important parameter in forming of aluminium alloys by extrusion is the extrusion temperature, the level of which is limited by the respective alloy composition, in particular by its resistance to heat impact. Since local heating of the alloy can occur during forming, melting can occur, especially in the region of the die, which impairs the mechanical properties of the final extruded product.
  • the design possibilities in extrusion are mainly influenced and limited by the type of alloy, the available process forces and the direction of extrusion.
  • the advantages of extrusion are in particular the possibilities of producing profiles even in complex shapes.
  • the high degree of forming that can be achieved in one process step and the low tooling costs make extrusion particularly interesting for the production of relatively small batches.
  • the quality of the extruded part depends not only on the machine settings and the tool design (geometry) but also to a large extent on the alloy system selected.
  • AlMn(Cu) alloys from the 2000 or 5000 series alloys according to the International Alloy Designation System and AIMgSi alloy systems from the 6000 series alloys according to the International Alloy Designation System are widely used for extruded products.
  • the chemical composition and microstructure of an aluminium alloy is a decisive parameter in the manufacturing of aluminium products by means of extrusion processes for the resulting product properties.
  • the required mechanical properties especially a high strength in terms of yield strength R m and tensile strength R p0.2 are achieved by adding copper and/or zinc to the alloys.
  • these alloys are subjected to a heat treatment in order to achieve an improvement of the mechanical properties through the hardening effects. In this process, metastable phases are formed to counteract dislocation movements when force is applied.
  • Al-Mn alloys (3000 series alloys according to the International Alloy Designation System) may also be used.
  • the aluminium alloys of the present disclosure have good mechanical properties, in particular high tensile strength, high yield strength and high elongation, while allowing the use of the alloy in manufacturing of products by means of extrusion and/or wrought processes.
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy product comprising an aluminium alloy according to the first aspect as disclosed above.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for the manufacture of an aluminium alloy according to the first aspect as disclosed above, comprising the steps of
  • the present disclosure relates to an extruded aluminium profile prepared by a method according to the fourth aspect as disclosed above.
  • the present disclosure relates to the use of an aluminium alloy according to the first aspect disclosed herein in an extrusion process or a wrought process.
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy comprising
  • the aluminium alloy of the first aspect has high tensile strength (R m ), high yield strength (R p0.2 ) and good elongation (A).
  • R m tensile strength
  • R p0.2 high yield strength
  • A good elongation
  • products made of the alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure have a high tensile strength, a high yield strength and good elongation.
  • the aluminium alloy is suitable for extrusion and/or wrought applications.
  • the inevitable impurities are present in an amount of less than 0.15 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.1 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.05 % by mass. This relates to the total amount of impurities as present in the alloy.
  • each individual impurity is present in an amount of less than 0.05 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.01 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.001 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.0001 % by mass. If more than one impurity is present, each impurity is termed as "individual impurity". The amount of each individual impurity is preferably less than the respective given amount, and the sum of the amounts of each individual impurity results in the total amount of impurities.
  • One of these individual impurities may be thallium (Ta), resulting in an amount of Ta of less than 0.05 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.01 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.001 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.0001 % by mass.
  • Ta thallium
  • Another one of these individual impurities may be gallium (Ga), resulting in an amount of Ga of less than 0.05 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.01 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.001 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.0001 % by mass.
  • Ga gallium
  • Still another one of these individual impurities may be indium (In), resulting in an amount of In of less than 0.05 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.01 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.001 % by mass, or in an amount of less than 0.0001 % by mass.
  • individual impurities include cerium (Ce), hafnium (Hf), lanthanum (La), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), yttrium (Y), or phosphor (P).
  • the aluminium alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure contains magnesium (Mg) as a main ingredient in an amount of from 6 to 12 % by mass.
  • Mg is present in an amount of from 6.5 to 12 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 7 to 12 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 7. to 12 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 8 to 12 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 8 to 11.5 % by mass.
  • Mg is present in an amount of from 6 to 10 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 6.5 to 9.5 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 7 to 9 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 7.5 to 8.5 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 8 to 8.5 % by mass.
  • Mg is present in an amount of from 8 to 12 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 9 to 12 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 9.5 to 12 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 10 to 12 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 11 to 12 % by mass. In another preferred embodiment of the first aspect, Mg is present in an amount of from 11 to 11.5 % by mass.
  • Mg is added to provide the strength and elongation to the resultant aluminium alloy product through solid solution strengthening after extrusion. If Mg is present in an amount of less than 6 % by weight, the yield strength and elongation of the aluminium alloy products is reduced. On the other hand, when the Mg content exceeds 12 % by mass, the hot workability of the alloy billet or slab is rapidly lowered. This feature in turn, makes it substantially difficult to manufacture the aluminium alloy products, in particular by extrusion or other means of wrought administrations.
  • Another essential element in the composition of the aluminium alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is titanium (Ti), present in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.4 % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy composition.
  • Ti is present in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.3 % by mass. In a further preferred embodiment, Ti is present in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.3 % by mass. In a further preferred embodiment, Ti is present in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.2 % by mass. In a further preferred embodiment, Ti is present in an amount of from 0.015 to 0.15 % by mass. In a further preferred embodiment, Ti is present in an amount of from 0.015 to 0.08 % by mass.
  • Ti is present in an amount of 0.4 % by mass or less. In a preferred embodiment, Ti is present in an amount of 0.3 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, Ti is present in an amount of 0.2 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, Ti is present in an amount of 0.15 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, Ti is present in an amount of 0.1 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, Ti is present in an amount of 0.08 % by mass or less.
  • Ti is present in an amount of 0.01 % by mass or more. In a preferred embodiment, Ti is present in an amount of 0.015 % by mass or more.
  • the aluminium alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure contains manganese (Mn) at an amount of 2.5 % by mass or less.
  • Mn is present in an amount 1.5 % by mass or less.
  • Mn is present in an amount of 1 % by mass or less.
  • Mn is present in an amount of 0.5 % by mass or less.
  • Mn is present in an amount of 0.1 % by mass or less.
  • Mn is present in an amount of 0.05 % by mass or less.
  • Mn is present in an amount of 0.01 % by mass or less.
  • Mn is present in an amount of 0.005 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, Mn is present in an amount of 0.0001 % by mass or more. In a further preferred embodiment, Mn is present in an amount of 0.0005 % by mass or more.
  • the aluminium alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure contains iron (Fe) at an amount of 0.15 % by mass or less.
  • Fe is present in an amount 0.1 % by mass or less.
  • Fe is present in an amount of 0.09 % by mass or less.
  • Fe is present in an amount of 0.08 % by mass or less.
  • Fe is present in an amount of 0.01 % by mass or more.
  • Fe is present in an amount of 0.05 % by mass or more.
  • Be beryllium
  • Be is present in an amount of from 0.002 to 0.2 % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy composition.
  • Be is present in an amount of from 0.002 to 0.15 % by mass.
  • Be is present in an amount of from 0.003 to 0.1 % by mass.
  • Be is present in an amount of from 0.004 to 0.05 % by mass.
  • Be is present in an amount of from 0.005 to 0.02 % by mass.
  • Be is present in an amount of from 0.002 % by mass or more.
  • Be is present in an amount of from 0.003 % by mass or more. In a further preferred embodiment, Be is present in an amount of from 0.004 % by mass or more. In a further preferred embodiment, Be is present in an amount of from 0.005 % by mass or more. In a further preferred embodiment, Be is present in an amount of from 0.01 % by mass or more. In a further preferred embodiment, Be is present in an amount of from 0.015 % by mass or more. In a further preferred embodiment, Be is present in an amount of from 0.15 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, Be is present in an amount of from 0.1 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, Be is present in an amount of from 0.05 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, Be is present in an amount of from 0.02 % by mass or less.
  • Be is added to prevent oxidation of the molten metal at the time of melting and casting of the alloy. Be also prevents loss of Mg and superficial change of colour which usually results from oxidation of the slab during melting, extrusion and/or heat treatment.
  • Be content is less than 0.002 % by mass, Be is unable to effective prevent oxidation of the alloy composition.
  • a Be content of more than 0.2 % by mass results in toxicity which substantially impairs the manufacturing process.
  • boron (B) is present in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.1 % by mass. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of from 0.002 to 0.08 % by mass. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of from 0.002 to 0.06 % by mass. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of from 0.002 to 0.04 % by mass. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of from 0.003 to 0.02 % by mass. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of from 0.003 to 0.016 % by mass.
  • B is present in an amount of 0.002 % by mass or more. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of 0.0025 % by mass or more. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of 0.003 % by mass or more. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of 0.08 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of 0.06 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of 0.04 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of 0.02 % by mass or less. In a further preferred embodiment, B is present in an amount of 0.016 % by mass or less.
  • Ti and B are added to the aluminium alloy melt together, further preferably in bars containing Ti and B in a ration of Ti:B of about 5:1, about 3:1 or about 1,6:1,4, such as TiBloy ® .
  • the ration of Ti and B in the final alloy may differ from the ratio of Ti and B when added to the melt. Without being bound to said theory, it is assumed that some of the B is removed when removing the dross from the melt. Said dross is removed as it contains agglomerated impurities which are not desired in the final alloy. It is furthermore assumed that B is enriched in said dross, in particular in relation to Ti, due to the low specific weight of B. As such, it is preferred that the ration of Ti:B in the final alloy is in the range of from 3:1 to 10:1, preferably 5:1 to 10:1.
  • Ti and B form TiB 2 in the molten alloy.
  • TiB 2 acts as nucleating agent during solidification of the molten aluminium alloy and hence refines the alloy.
  • both strength and ductility are increased.
  • Si silicon
  • Si is present in an amount of from 0 to 1 % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy composition.
  • Si is present in an amount of 0.6 % by mass or less.
  • Si is present in an amount of 0.4 % by mass or less.
  • Si is present in an amount of 0.3 % by mass or less.
  • Si is present in an amount of 0.15 % by mass or less.
  • Si is present in an amount of 0.1 % by mass or less.
  • Si is present in an amount of 0.001 % by mass or more.
  • Si is present in an amount of 0.005 % by mass or more.
  • Si is added to the aluminium alloys to enhance the strength of the aluminium alloy by solid solution strengthening. Furthermore, Si binds excess Mg thus preventing the precipitation of coarse particles of Mg. Upon crystallization, Si and Mg form Mg 2 Si intermetallic compounds, which increases the strength through precipitation hardening. On the other hand, elongation/ductility is reduced. Therefore, Si may only be added to alloys having a high elongation, such as 50 % or more, to further improve its strength. In other words, Si is added to alloy having an elongation of 50 % or more.
  • Cu copper
  • Cu is present in an amount of from 0 to 0.06 % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy composition.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.05 % by mass or less.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.03 % by mass or less.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.02 % by mass or less.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.01 % by mass or less.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.005 % by mass or less.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.001 % by mass or more.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.004 % by mass or more.
  • Cu might only be added in an amount of up to 0.06 % by mass. If Cu is present in an amount of more than 0.06 % by mass, the aluminium alloy is susceptible to corrosion.
  • Zn zinc
  • Zn zinc
  • Zn is present in an amount of from 0 to 5 % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy composition.
  • Zn is present in an amount of 2.5 % by mass or less.
  • Zn is present in an amount of 1 % by mass or less.
  • Zn is present in an amount of 0.5 % by mass or less.
  • Zn is present in an amount of 0.1 % by mass or less.
  • Zn is present in an amount of 0.05 % by mass or less.
  • Zn is added to the aluminium alloys to enhance the strength of the aluminium alloy by solid solution strengthening. Furthermore, Zn binds excess Mg forming MgZn 2 thus preventing the precipitation of coarse particles of Mg.
  • Cr chromium
  • Cr is present in an amount of from 0 to 1 % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy composition.
  • Cr is present in an amount of 0.5 % by mass or less.
  • Cr is present in an amount of 0.2 % by mass or less.
  • Cr is present in an amount of 0.1 % by mass or less.
  • Cr is present in an amount of 0.05 % by mass or less.
  • Cr is present in an amount of 0.01 % by mass or less.
  • Zr zirconium
  • Zr zirconium
  • Zr is present in an amount of from 0 to 1 % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy composition.
  • Zr is present in an amount of 0.5 % by mass or less.
  • Zr is present in an amount of 0.2 % by mass or less.
  • Zr is present in an amount of 0.1 % by mass or less.
  • Zr is present in an amount of 0.05 % by mass or less.
  • Zr is present in an amount of 0.05 % by mass or less.
  • Titanium, boron, manganese, zirconium, and chromium are added for grain refinement and to enhance the strength of the aluminium alloys. Even small amounts of these serve as nuclei during solidification of a molten aluminium alloy, so that it solidifies in many places at the same time, which results in a finer structure after extrusion and thus higher strength of aluminium alloy products.
  • V vanadium
  • V is present in an amount of from 0 to 0.5 % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy composition.
  • V is present in an amount of 0.25 % by mass or less.
  • V is present in an amount of 0.15 % by mass or less.
  • V is present in an amount of 0.1 % by mass or less.
  • V is present in an amount of 0.05 % by mass or less.
  • V is present in an amount of 0.01 % by mass or less.
  • V is added to the aluminium alloy composition in combination with Be to prevent oxidation of the molten metal at the time of melting and casting of the alloy.
  • Ni nickel
  • Ni nickel
  • Ni is present in an amount of from 0 to 1 % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy composition.
  • Ni is present in an amount of 0.5 % by mass or less.
  • Ni is present in an amount of 0.2 % by mass or less.
  • Ni is present in an amount of 0.1 % by mass or less.
  • Ni is present in an amount of 0.05 % by mass or less.
  • Ni is present in an amount of 0.01 % by mass or less.
  • Co cobalt
  • Co is present in an amount of from 0 to 0.5 % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy composition.
  • Co is present in an amount of 0.3 % by mass or less.
  • Co is present in an amount of 0.2 % by mass or less.
  • Co is present in an amount of 0.1 % by mass or less.
  • Co is present in an amount of 0.05 % by mass or less.
  • Co is present in an amount of 0.01 % by mass or less.
  • Ni and Co are added to the aluminium alloys to increase the temperature of recrystallization. This is of particular interest in the manufacture of aluminium alloy products by extrusion or other means of wrought applications because the alloy is stabilized at high temperatures. Furthermore, Ni and Co can bind excess Mg thus preventing the precipitation of coarse particles of Mg.
  • the aluminium alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure optionally comprises at least one element in an amount of from 0 to 0.5 % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy composition, wherein the at least one element is selected from the group consisting of Molybdenum (Mo), Hafnium (Hf), Calcium (Ca), Gallium (Ga), Scandium (Sc), Niobium (Nb), and Cerium (Ce).
  • said at least one element is present in an amount of from 0 to 0.2 % by mass.
  • the at least one element is present in an amount of from 0 to 0.1 % by mass.
  • said at least one element is present in an amount of from 0 to 0.05 % by mass.
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy, comprising
  • Aluminium alloys of the first aspect of the present disclosure i.e. the aluminium alloys of the above compositions, have excellent mechanical properties in terms of high strength, in particular high yield and/or high tensile strengths, and high elongation at the same time. Furthermore, the aluminium alloys according to the first aspect are resistant to corrosion. Additionally, the aluminium alloys according to the first aspect are anodizable, i.e. the aluminium alloys are suitable for anodising.
  • the present disclosure relates to an aluminium alloy product comprising or consisting of an aluminium alloy according to the first aspect as disclosed above.
  • the aluminium product according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is an aluminium profile.
  • Aluminium profiles find broad application due to their low weight and ideal formability during manufacture.
  • the majority of profiles have longitudinal slots in which sliding blocks can be inserted or swivelled in. These sliding blocks have a threaded hole and can be moved within the groove.
  • longitudinal slots Materials such as acrylic glass, double-webbed sheets, polycarbonate sheets, and the like. Furthermore, the longitudinal slots can be used to accommodate seals, adjustable feet and sliding elements.
  • the aluminium product according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is an extruded aluminium profile.
  • the extruded aluminium profile is an extruded aluminium hollow profile. According to a further preferred embodiment, the extruded aluminium profile is an extruded aluminium massive profile.
  • the extruded aluminium profile has least parts which have a thickness in the range of from 1 to 15 mm, preferably 1 to 10 mm, preferably from 2 to 8 mm, preferably from 2 to 6 mm; or 2 to 5 mm, preferably 2.5 to 4 mm.
  • the parts having the thickness in the range as described above is the smallest diameter of the extruded aluminium hollow profile or of the extruded massive aluminium profile.
  • the thickness refers to the thickness of the aluminium alloy part of the extruded aluminium profile.
  • the thickness of an extruded aluminium hollow profile is the thickness of the walls of the profile.
  • the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has a tensile strength R m of at least 260 MPa. In a preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has a tensile strength R m of at least 280 MPa. In a preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has a tensile strength R m of at least 300 MPa. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has a tensile strength R m of at least 320 MPa. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has a tensile strength R m of at least 350 MPa.
  • the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 100 MPa. In a preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 140 MPa. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 180 MPa. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 190 MPa.
  • the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has an elongation A of at least 15 %. In a preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has an elongation A of at least 20 %. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has an elongation A of at least 25 %. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has an elongation A of at least 30 %. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has an elongation A of at least 35 %.
  • the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has an elongation A of at least 40 %. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium profile has an elongation A of at least 45 %.
  • the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium product has a ratio X of at least 0.05 %/MPa. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium product has a ratio X of at least 0.07 %/MPa. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium product has a ratio X of at least 0.09 %/MPa. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium product has a ratio X of at least 0.11 %/MPa. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium product has a ratio X of at least 0.13 %/MPa.
  • the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium product has a ratio X of at least 0.15 %/MPa. In a further preferred embodiment, the aluminium alloy of the extruded aluminium product has a ratio X of at least 0.17 %/MPa.
  • the aluminium product comprise a surface finishing.
  • the aluminium product comprise a surface finishing which is an anodization.
  • the aluminium product comprise a surface finishing which is a hard-anodization.
  • the shape of the aluminium alloy product according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is not particularly limited.
  • the cross-section of the aluminium products according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is rectangular.
  • the cross-section of the aluminium products according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is a square.
  • the cross-section of the aluminium products according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is circular.
  • the cross-section of the aluminium products according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is elliptical.
  • the cross-section further contains massive or hollow parts extending from the rectangular, square, circular or elliptical cross-section.
  • the aluminium alloy products can advantageously be used in the manufacture of cars.
  • the aluminium alloy products according to the second aspect of the present disclosure provide for advantageous properties when used in the construction of the front of a car, e.g., as longitudinal beam, or in the side impact protection in doors.
  • the aluminium alloy products according to the second aspect of the present disclosure provide for advantageous properties in aluminium lightweight constructions.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for the manufacture of an aluminium alloy according to the first aspect as disclosed above, comprising the steps of
  • the raw aluminium is preferably provided having a low amount of impurities, preferably having a level of impurity of 0.3 % by mass or less in relation to the total mass of the raw aluminium.
  • the raw aluminium is then heated in a furnace to a temperature melting the aluminium, but not heating the aluminium too high, in particular not above 900 °C, in order to avoid the formation of excess oxidation products. It is therefore preferred to heat the raw aluminium to a temperature in the range of from 650 to 850 °C.
  • the raw aluminium is heated to a temperature in the range of from 750 to 700 °C.
  • the raw aluminium is heated to a temperature in the range of from 750 to 770 °C.
  • the furnace may be pre-heated, preferably to a temperature in the range of from 400 to 900 °C.
  • Mg and Be are added. As these metals are added in solid form, the temperature of the melt will drop. It is therefore preferred to re-heat the aluminium melt to a previously defined temperature or temperature range, or to maintain the previously defined temperature or temperature range during addition of the metals. Further optional elements, such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn or Si, may be added during this step.
  • the resulting raw aluminium alloy may then optionally be degassed using usual measures.
  • the degassing may be supported by argon gas as purging gas.
  • Ti and optionally B are added in a final step.
  • the further elements of the aluminium alloy can be added.
  • manganese, iron, zinc, chromium, zirconium, vanadium, copper, silicon, nickel, and/or cobalt are added.
  • the raw aluminium alloy is refined.
  • the final aluminium alloy melt may then be cast, e.g., to billets for further or later processing, such as in the method of the fourth aspect or it may be directly used in step g) of the fourth aspect.
  • the aluminium alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure may be used in any known casting method, and the casting method is not limited by the aluminium of the present application. In particular, it may be used in any known casting method used for standard AlMg10 aluminium alloys.
  • the liquid aluminium alloy may be cast into a mold. After cooling the mold, it may be removed, providing a billet comprising the aluminium alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure. The billet may then optionally be further processed in a usual and known manner.
  • the casting is selected from the group consisting of sand casting, plaster mold casting, shell casting, lost-wax casting, evaporative-pattern casting (e.g., lost foam casting or full-mold casting), permanent mold casting, die casting (preferably pressure die casting), semi-solid metal casting, centrifugal casting, and continuous casting.
  • the aluminium billet may by a massive aluminium billet.
  • the aluminium billet may by a hollow aluminium billet.
  • the liquid aluminium alloy and/or the aluminium billet is characterized by low or no formation of dross (i.e. aluminium dross). Aluminium dross may occur upon exposition of liquid aluminium alloy and/or molten aluminium casting to air. A longer exposition to air promotes an enhanced formation of dross.
  • liquid aluminium alloy and/or molten aluminium casting is characterized by low or no formation of dross over a long-term exposition to air (e.g., 8 hours). The formation of dross may be visible to the bare eye and/or detectable by any technical method applicable thereto (e.g., spectral analysis).
  • the present disclosure relate to a method for the manufacture of an aluminium alloy product according to the second aspect as disclosed above, wherein the manufacture of the aluminium alloy product comprises the steps of
  • the aluminium billet is an aluminium alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure as described above.
  • the aluminium billet comprises or consists of an aluminium alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the aluminium billet is provided in step f) of the method according to the third aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the method of the third aspect and the fourth aspect may be combined to one method of manufacture of an aluminium alloy product according to the second aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the aluminium billet is heated to result in a preheated aluminium billet.
  • the aluminium billet is heated to a temperature in the range of from 400 °C to 450 °C to result in a preheated aluminium billet.
  • the aluminium billet is heated to a temperature in the range of from 420 °C to 440 °C to result in a preheated aluminium billet.
  • the preheated aluminium billet described above is inserted into an extrusion press.
  • the temperature of the aluminium billet is in the range of from 400 °C to 450 °C when it is inserted into the extrusion press. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the aluminium billet is in the range of from 420 °C to 440 °C when it is inserted into the extrusion press.
  • the extrusion press is not particularly limited.
  • the extrusion press may be any extrusion press suitable for cold extrusion or warm extrusion or friction extrusion, preferably warm extrusion. It is understood that the extrusion press must be capable of carrying out an extrusion process as described in the following: In one embodiment of the fourth aspect, extruding the preheated aluminium billet in the extrusion press results an extruded aluminium profile.
  • extruding the preheated aluminium billet in the extrusion press results an extruded aluminium profile.
  • the terms “extrusion”, “extrusion process” and “extruding” as used herein are interchangeable.
  • extruding is a direct extrusion.
  • the preheated aluminium billet is placed in a heavy walled container within the extrusion press and the billet is pushed through a die by a ram or screw to result in an extruded aluminium profile according to the second aspect of the present disclosure.
  • a reusable block may be placed between the ram and the billet to keep them separated.
  • extruding is an indirect extrusion.
  • the preheated aluminium billet is placed in a heavy walled container within the extrusion press and the billet and container move together while the die is stationary. In other words, the die is held in place by a stem and the billet is moved and formed by the die.
  • the force applied by the ram during extrusion does not exceed a maximum force of 20,000 kN.
  • extruding the preheated aluminium billet to result an extruded aluminium profile is carried out at a maximum force in the range of from 5,000 to 15,000 kN.
  • extruding the preheated aluminium billet to result an extruded aluminium profile is carried out at a maximum force in the range of from 7,000 to 12,000 kN.
  • extruding the preheated aluminium billet to result an extruded aluminium profile is carried out at a maximum force in the range of from 8,000 to 10,000 kN.
  • extruding the preheated aluminium billet to result an extruded aluminium profile is carried out at a maximum force of about 9,000 kN.
  • ram or screw nor the die of the extrusion press are particularly limited.
  • the ram may be driven hydraulically. Suitable shapes of the die are known in the art.
  • the die is a spider die, porthole die or bridge die.
  • Said designs of die are suitable for forming internal cavities in extrusion, i.e., aluminium hollow profiles, when a solid aluminium billet is used in the extrusion process.
  • All of these types of dies incorporate a mandrel in the die and have "legs" that hold the mandrel in place. During extrusion, the metal divides, flows around the legs and then merges again.
  • the ram and/or the reusable block may have a mandrel.
  • Said designs of the ram is suitable for forming internal cavities in extrusion, i.e., aluminium hollow profiles, when a hollow or massive aluminium billet is used in the extrusion process. If a massive aluminium billet is used, the massive aluminium billet must be pierced by the mandrel prior to extrusion.
  • the extruded aluminium profile is not subjected to a heat treatment after step i).
  • the extruded aluminium profile is heat treated after step i) by heating the extruded aluminium profile at a temperature of at least 380 °C, or at least 400 °C, or at least 430 °C, or at least 450 °C.
  • the extruded aluminium profile is heat treated after step i) for a period of less than 1 hour, or less than 3 hours, or less than 5 hours, or less than 8 hours, or less than 12 hours, or less than 18 hours, or less than 24 hours, preferably less than 12 hours, or preferably less than 18 hours, or for a period of at least 10 minutes, or at least 1 hour, or at least 3 hours, or at least 8 hours, or at least 12 hours, or at least 24 hours, and then cooled in air at ambient temperature.
  • Said heat treatment step may optionally be applied.
  • heat treatment is applied to the aluminium alloy products to refine the grain structure.
  • a heat treatment may be applied if the aluminium product comprises or consists of an aluminium alloy comprising 9 % by mass or more of Mg.
  • a heat treatment may not be applied if the aluminium product comprises or consists of an aluminium alloy comprising less than 9 % by mass of Mg.
  • the extruded aluminium profile comprising or consisting of an aluminium alloy comprising 9 % by mass or more of Mg is heat treated as described above.
  • the extruded aluminium profile comprising or consisting of an aluminium alloy comprising 10 % by mass or more of Mg is heat treated as described above.
  • the extruded aluminium profile comprising or consisting of an aluminium alloy comprising 11 % by mass or more of Mg is heat treated as described above.
  • the extruded aluminium profile comprising or consisting of an aluminium alloy comprising of from 9 to 14 % by mass of Mg is heat treated as described above.
  • the extruded aluminium profile comprising or consisting of an aluminium alloy comprising of from 10 to 14 % by mass of Mg is heat treated as described above.
  • the extruded aluminium profile comprising or consisting of an aluminium alloy comprising of from 11 to 14 % by mass of Mg is heat treated as described above.
  • the extruded aluminium profile comprising or consisting of an aluminium alloy comprising less than 9 % by mass of Mg is not heat treated. According to a further preferred embodiment of the fourth aspect, the extruded aluminium profile comprising or consisting of an aluminium alloy comprising of from 6 to 9 % by mass of Mg is not heat treated. According to a further preferred embodiment of the fourth aspect, the extruded aluminium profile comprising or consisting of an aluminium alloy comprising of from 6 to 8 % by mass of Mg is not heat treated.
  • the extruded aluminium profile is optionally subjected to a treatment for surface finishing.
  • the extruded aluminium profile is optionally subjected to a treatment for surface finishing wherein the surface finishing is an anodization, with and without colours.
  • the extruded aluminium profile is optionally subjected to a treatment for surface finishing wherein the surface finishing is a hard-anodization.
  • the present disclosure relates to an extruded aluminium profile prepared by a method according to the fourth aspect as disclosed above.
  • extruded aluminium profile according to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure has the same properties as the aluminium alloy product of the second aspect as described above.
  • the present disclosure relates to the use of an aluminium alloy according to the first aspect disclosed herein in an extrusion process or a wrought process.
  • the extrusion is an indirect extrusion. According to a further preferred embodiment of the sixths aspect, the extrusion is a direct extrusion.
  • the wrought process is forging. According to a further preferred embodiment of the sixths aspect, the wrought process is semi-solid shaping.
  • the term “comprising” is used in the present description and claims, it does not exclude other elements.
  • the term “consisting of” is considered to be a preferred embodiment of the term “comprising”. If a group is defined to comprise at least a certain number of embodiments herein, this is also to be understood to disclose a group, which preferably consists only of these embodiments.
  • a composition is defined using the term “comprising”, it may additionally comprise other elements not explicitly listed, however, not further amounts of an element listed. As such, if, e.g., an aluminium alloy comprises Mg in an amount of 12 % by mass, said aluminium alloy may comprise elements other than Mg, however, not additional amounts of Mg, thereby exceeding the amount of 12 % by mass.
  • impurity and “impurities” refer to and comprises elements in the alloy which are inevitably present due to, e.g., the manufacturing process of the alloy or the manufacturing process of the raw material(s).
  • An impurity is not explicitly mentioned in the list of elements in the alloy, however, an element may turn from an impurity to an essential element in the alloy. If, e.g., an element is not mentioned in a more general definition of the composition of an alloy, it may be present as an impurity, and the same element may be mentioned as a compulsory compound in a more specific definition of the composition of the alloy.
  • the aluminium alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is composed of different components. These components are explicitly listed in the composition of the alloy, or they are part of the impurities present in the alloy. In any case, if a component is defined as an amount in % by mass, the figure reflects the relative amount (as mass) in percent based on the total mass of the alloy composition.
  • tensile strength and “ultimate tensile strength” are used interchangeably.
  • the tensile strength may be abbreviated as “R m ". Methods for determining the tensile strength are known to the skilled person.
  • R m is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking.
  • yield strength and “yield tensile strength” are used interchangeably.
  • the yield strength may be abbreviated as “R p0.2 ".
  • Methods for determining the yield strength are known to the skilled person.
  • the tensile strength is the stress corresponding to the yield point at which the material begins to deform plastically.
  • the yield point is the point on a stress-strain curve that indicates the limit of elastic behaviour and the beginning of plastic behaviour. Below the yield point, a material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed, some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible and is referred to as plastic deformation.
  • the term "elongation” abbreviated as "A” is the elongation at fracture and indicates the permanent elongation of a tensile specimen after fracture, in relation to the initial gauge length of the tensile specimen.
  • the elongation A is the permanent change in the length ⁇ L of a specimen in a tensile test after fracture has occurred in relation to the initial gauge length L 0 of the specimen.
  • yield strength R m tensile strength R p0.2 , elongation A, and the ratio X refer to the aluminium alloy of the aluminium product.
  • yield strength R m , R p0.2 , elongation, and the ratio X are measured on the aluminium part of the aluminium product.
  • the yield strength R m , tensile strength R p0.2 , elongation A of the aluminium alloys are determined in accordance with DIN 50125:2009 at 23 °C.
  • Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile by pushing a preheated billet of an aluminium alloy according to the first aspect of the present disclosure through a die of the desired cross-section.
  • Extrusion may be continuous. In continuous extrusion, a theoretically indefinitely long aluminium alloy product can be produced. Extrusion may be semi-continuous. In semi-continuous extrusion, many pieces of identical size can be produced.
  • aluminium profile and “extruded aluminium profile” are used interchangeably.
  • extruded means that the aluminium profile has been manufactured by extrusion as described above.
  • the term "hollow” as used herein means that at least part of the aluminium hollow profile is not massive but has a hollow cross-section.
  • the aluminium hollow profile has a hole or an empty space inside.
  • the hollow part is filled with air.
  • massive means that at least part of the aluminium profile is not hollow but has a massive cross-section. In other words, there are no empty space inside the massive aluminium profile.
  • cross-section means the shape exposed by making a straight cut through the aluminium product according to the second aspect of the present disclosure at right angles to the direction of extrusion.
  • the cross-section is determined by the die and/or mandrel used in the manufacturing, e.g., extrusion, process.
  • wrought applications and "wrought process” are used interchangeably.
  • the term wrought application means any process which involves the shaping of metal with a high degree of shaping.
  • a wrought application is the beating of a piece of metal into a shape by tools.
  • One example of wrought application is forging.
  • Another example of wrought application is semi-solid shaping.
  • All aluminium alloys were prepared in a resistance-heated crucible furnace (Nabertherm, model K40/12).
  • the raw aluminium (with 0.15 % by mass or less of total impurities; obtained from Adial, Adriers, France) was added into the furnace over a period of 1 h to result in a molten raw aluminium.
  • the raw aluminium was heated to 720 to 750 °C and the respective amounts of Mg (from DEUMU Pacific Erz- und Metall-Union GmbH, Germany, pure magnesium, at least 99.8 %) and Be (added as pellets of AlBe, containing 5 % by mass of Be, the remainder being Al, from Hoesch Metals, Niederzier, Germany) were added. After re-heating to 720 to 750 °C, the melt was de-gassed for 10 minutes with Argon gas as purging gas using an injection lance.
  • Ti and B are added as bars containing Ti and B in a ratio of 5:1 (added as pellets of AlTi5B1, containing 5 % by mass of Ti, 1 % by mass of B, the remainder being Al, from Foseco-Vesuvius, Germany).
  • the bars are stirred into the liquid alloy, and immediately after mixing, the furnace is tilted and the liquid alloy is cast into a respective mold to provide an aluminium alloy billet.
  • Table 1 Composition of aluminium alloy. All amounts are given in % by mass in relation to the total mass of the aluminium alloy. The balance to the compositions disclosed in Table 1 is aluminium. No.
  • the aluminium alloy billets No. 1 and No. 2 of example 1 were preheated to a temperature in the range of from 400 to 450 °C and placed into an extrusion press (from SMS group, Germany; maximum pressing force of 9000 kN) for direct extrusion.
  • an extrusion press from SMS group, Germany; maximum pressing force of 9000 kN
  • the extrusion process results an aluminium hollow profile with 30 mm height (also referred to the narrow side S), 60 mm width (also referred to as the broad side B), and a wall thickness s of 3 mm as depicted in Figure 1 .
  • example 2 The aluminium hollow profiles of example 2 were investigated for the mechanical properties with and without heat treatment.
  • the aluminium hollow profiles were heated to a temperature of 450 °C for 4 h in a furnace and then cooled to room temperature.
  • dumbbell-shaped samples were cut out of the narrow side S and the broad side B of the aluminium hollow profiles according to examples 2 and 3.
  • the samples of the extruded aluminium hollow profiles of alloys No. 1 and No. 2 show excellent mechanical properties, in particular in terms of yield strength R m , tensile strength R p0.2 , and elongation A.
  • the samples have both high yield strength and elongation at the same time; with and without heat treatment.

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EP22158008.7A 2022-02-22 2022-02-22 Alliage contenant de l'aluminium pour extrusion ou d'autres processus de fabrication corroyés Pending EP4230755A1 (fr)

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EP22158008.7A EP4230755A1 (fr) 2022-02-22 2022-02-22 Alliage contenant de l'aluminium pour extrusion ou d'autres processus de fabrication corroyés
PCT/EP2023/054420 WO2023161274A1 (fr) 2022-02-22 2023-02-22 Alliage contenant de l'aluminium pour extrusion ou autre procédé de fabrication par corroyage

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5423925A (en) * 1992-10-23 1995-06-13 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Process for manufacturing Al-Mg alloy sheets for press forming
US5518558A (en) * 1992-11-17 1996-05-21 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Aluminum alloy sheets excellent in strength and deep drawing formability and process for manufacturing same
WO2019129722A1 (fr) * 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Fehrmann Beteiligungsgesellschaft Mbh Alliage d'aluminium

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5423925A (en) * 1992-10-23 1995-06-13 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Process for manufacturing Al-Mg alloy sheets for press forming
US5518558A (en) * 1992-11-17 1996-05-21 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Aluminum alloy sheets excellent in strength and deep drawing formability and process for manufacturing same
WO2019129722A1 (fr) * 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Fehrmann Beteiligungsgesellschaft Mbh Alliage d'aluminium

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