Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
  • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
  • G06F16/25—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems
  • G06F16/254—Extract, transform and load [ETL] procedures, e.g. ETL data flows in data warehouses
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
  • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
  • G06F16/24—Querying
  • G06F16/242—Query formulation
  • G06F16/243—Natural language query formulation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
  • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
  • G06F16/24—Querying
  • G06F16/245—Query processing
  • G06F16/2458—Special types of queries, e.g. statistical queries, fuzzy queries or distributed queries
  • G06F16/2471—Distributed queries
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
  • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
  • G06F16/25—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems
  • G06F16/256—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems in federated or virtual databases
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
  • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
  • G06F16/25—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems
  • G06F16/258—Data format conversion from or to a database
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
  • G06F16/30—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of unstructured textual data
  • G06F16/36—Creation of semantic tools, e.g. ontology or thesauri
  • G06F16/367—Ontology

Definitions

• TITLE Process and electronic device for generating a structured database of relevant data for the management of a mission, associated computer program
• the present invention relates to a method for generating, from a set of database(s), a structured database associated with a mission, the method being implemented by an electronic generation device.
• the invention also relates to a computer program comprising software instructions which, when executed by a computer, implement such a generation method.
• the invention also relates to an electronic generation device configured to generate, from a set of database(s), a structured database associated with a mission.
• the invention applies to the field of decision support for a user confronted with a critical situation during a mission.
• a critical situation is understood here in the sense of an event during the mission, for which an action is required in order not to jeopardize the mission.
• a mission is for example the flight of an aircraft for the transport of passengers between two airports.
• a critical situation would then be, for example: a breakdown of an aircraft engine, a health problem for a passenger, or bad weather conditions on the route of the aircraft.
• the perception stage consists in acquiring a set of elements describing the situation. However, the environment then runs the risk of being overloaded with elements of no interest to the operator's activity.
• the relevance of a datum is understood here in the sense of a characteristic possessed by the datum to be appropriate, or even adapted, for the understanding of the situation.
• the elements are understood to mean relevant data.
• the perception step is then essential because an error during this step has repercussions on the comprehension and determination steps, and more particularly on a sub-step of projection of future states during the determination step. In particular, the failure to take into account certain relevant data leads to a misunderstanding of these data, causing potentially inappropriate decisions.
• some processes offer to automatically extract part of the data from database(s), called source(s), according to pre-established extraction rules.
• the extracted data is then indexed in a new database, called target, smaller than the source database(s).
• target a new database
• the contribution of a structure to the target database, organizing the extracted data makes it possible to represent the links between the extracted data and to simplify the understanding of this data.
• the extraction and classification method presented makes it possible to constitute a target database comprising a smaller quantity of data than the source database. Moreover, each piece of data in the source database, considered as relevant to the theory of the situation, is present in the target database. Thus the target database is more easily treatable, by a user, for the understanding of the situation and the decision making
• An object of the invention is then to improve the extraction of data and the generation of the target database.
• the subject of the invention is a method for generating, from a set of database(s), a structured database associated with a mission, the method being implemented by an electronic device generation and comprising the following steps:
• each extraction rule comprising a first identifier of a class of the structured data base and a law for extracting data(s) from the database(s), each rule being associated with one or more action(s) ) required,
• the method according to the invention makes it possible to generate a structured database comprising the data extracted from a set of database(s), also called source(s) database(s).
• database(s) also called source(s) database(s).
• the choice of an action required by a user and the selection of extraction rule(s), based on this choice makes it possible to carry out a reduced number of extraction(s) while allowing each extracted data to be appropriate in the context of the required action chosen.
• each extraction rule of a first class identifier makes it possible to organize the structured database independently of the structure of the or each source database.
• the step of associating the extraction law with the class of unsuccessful query(s) makes it possible to identify the absence, in the set of source base(s), of data responding to a sent extraction law, which then allows the user of the structured base to differentiate the data absent from the set of source base(s) but considered relevant and sought by a law of extraction, data absent from the structured database because considered irrelevant and for which no extraction law has tried to extract them.
• the method according to the invention comprises one or more of the following characteristics taken in isolation or in all technically possible combinations:
• the set of database(s) includes at least two databases, and during the sending step, the extraction law included in each selected extraction rule is sent to each database,
• the at least two extracted data are, during the storage step, stored in the same class of the structured database, corresponding to the first class identifier associated with said extraction law,
• each data item received includes:
• each second identifier corresponding to a respective class of said database from which at least one respective extracted datum originates
• the set of second identifier(s) and the group of criteria (s) being specific to each database and being generated from the extraction law sent, during the storage step, the set of second identifier(s), the group of criteria ) and the set of data(s) are stored in the class corresponding to the first class identifier associated with said extraction law, during the storage step, at least a first relationship between an extracted data item and a second identifier of class is also stored in said class of the structured base,
• the mission is the flight of an aircraft, the set of action(s) required preferably comprising: a start-up of the aircraft, a diversion of the aircraft and a bypass by the aircraft of a geographical area,
• invariant data during the mission are also acquired, and during the sending step, at least one sent extraction law is supplemented by at least one invariant datum at the during the mission, if the mission is the flight of an aircraft, the invariant data during the mission preferably comprising a type or model reference of the aircraft, a flight of an aircraft, a departure airport of the aircraft, an initial quantity of fuel in the aircraft,
• the method further comprises, after the storage or association step:
• each extraction law includes a set of keyword(s) capable of being translated into second class identifier(s) of each database during of the sending of said law, if at least two second identifiers, associated with the same keyword of an extraction law, are then received during the storage step, a second relation is stored in the structured base of data.
• each extraction law sent for which no extracted data is received is qualified as unsuccessful, and each unsuccessful law is associated with the class of request(s) unsuccessful under one of the following two conditions:
• each keyword of the unsuccessful law is associated with a second identifier
• the invention also relates to an electronic generation device configured to generate, from a set of database(s), a structured database associated with a mission, the device being able to be connected to a set of database(s), the electronic generation device comprising:
• an acquisition module configured to acquire a list of action(s) required during the mission, and a group of rule(s) for extracting data from the set of database(s) of data, each extraction rule comprising a first identifier of a class of the structured database and a data extraction law from the database or databases, each rule being associated with one or more action(s) required,
• a generation module configured to generate a structure of the structured database comprising at least one class for each first distinct class identifier, and a class of unsuccessful request(s),
• a selection module configured to select one or more extraction rules from among the group of extraction rule(s) acquired, according to a required action chosen by a user from the list of required action(s) ( s),
• a sending module configured to send the extraction law included in each selected extraction rule, to the set of database(s), and a module for receiving data(s) from the bases of data following this sending,
• a storage module configured to store the or each data received in the class of the structured database (corresponding to the first class identifier associated with the extraction law in response to which said data was received, and
• an association module configured to associate each extraction law sent, for which no extracted data is received in response from the set of database(s), to the class of request(s) unsuccessful.
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a system for generating a structured database according to the invention, the system comprising a set of database(s) and an electronic generation device, from the set of database(s), a structured database;
• Figure 2 is a flowchart of a method, according to the invention, for generating a structured database according to the invention, the method being implemented by the electronic generation device of Figure 1 ;
• Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a structured database, generated according to the generation process shown in Figure 2.
• a system 5 for generating a structured database 10 comprises a set 15 of database(s) 20 and an electronic device 25 for generating the structured database 10.
• the generating device 25 is connected to the set 15.
• the generation system 5 is typically configured to generate a respective structured base 10 per mission.
• the mission is for example the flight of an aircraft for the transport of passenger(s).
• the structured database 10 is for example a knowledge base.
• the denomination “knowledge base” is understood here in the sense of a structured database, further comprising linking elements, hereinafter called relations, making it possible to establish semantic links between the data of the base, such as defined in the chapter “Knowledge Bases vs Databases” of the book 'On Knowledge Base Management Systems', published in 1986, and written by Michael L. Brodie and John Mylopoulos.
• the set 15 comprises at least one database 20, each database 20 also being called source base 20 hereafter, and at least one translator 30 specific to each source base 20.
• the assembly 15 is capable of changing dynamically during the process.
• the presence of each source base 20 is not determined beforehand.
• the continuous presence of at least one source base 20 and the associated translator 30 is the only constraint, or requirement, associated with the set 15.
• the generation device 25 is configured to generate the structured base 10 from said set 15.
• the generation device 25 comprises an acquisition module 35 configured to acquire at least one list of action(s) required during the mission and a group of extraction rule(s), each comprising a law extraction.
• the generation device 25 comprises a generation module 40 configured to generate a structure of the structured base 10.
• the generation device 25 also comprises a selection module 45 configured to select one or more extraction rule(s) from among the group of extraction rule(s) based on a required action chosen by a user 47, a module sending 50 configured to send, to set 15, the extraction law included in each selected extraction rule.
• a selection module 45 configured to select one or more extraction rule(s) from among the group of extraction rule(s) based on a required action chosen by a user 47
• a module sending 50 configured to send, to set 15, the extraction law included in each selected extraction rule.
• the generation device 25 also comprises a storage module 55 configured to store one or more data received in response to the extraction law or laws sent, in the class of the structured base 10 corresponding to a first class identifier of the rule extraction, the extraction rule comprising the extraction law having produced the data or data.
• each datum in the respective class is understood here as synonymous with an indexing, or even a classification, of said datum in said class.
• the generation device 25 comprises an association module 60 configured to associate each extraction law sent, with a class of unsuccessful request(s) in the absence of a response to said law, from the together 15.
• the generation device 25 comprises a retrieval module 65 configured to retrieve a request for data(s) from the user 47, a determination module 70 configured to determine whether or not each requested data item is present in the structured base 10, and a communication module 75 configured to communicate a message from what is determined by the determination module 70.
• the generation device 25 comprises an information processing unit 80 formed for example of a memory 85 and a processor 90 associated with the memory 85.
• the acquisition module 35, the generation module 40, the selection module 45, the sending module 50, the storage module 55, the association module 60, as well as as an optional complement, the recovery module 65, the determination module 70 and the communication module 75 are each produced in the form of software, or a software brick, and executable by the processor 90.
• the memory 85 of the device generation 25 is then able to store software for acquiring the list of required action(s) and the group of extraction rule(s), software for generating a structure of the structured base 10, software for selecting extraction rule(s) from the required action chosen by the user 47, software for sending the extraction law included in each selected extraction rule, software storage in the structured base 10 of the or each extracted data item received, in the class corresponding to the first identifier associated with the extraction law in response to which each datum was received, and association software, in the absence of extracted datum(s) received in response to a respective law d extraction sent, from said extraction law to the class of unsuccessful request(s) from the structured base 10.
• the memory 85 of the generation device 25 comprises software for recovering the request for data(s) from the user 47, software for determining the presence or not in the structured base 10 of each requested datum, and a message communication software based on what is determined by the determination software.
• the software bricks are linked by arrows each typically representing a function call.
• the acquisition module 35, the generation module 40, the selection module 45, the sending module 50, the storage module 55, the association module 60, as well as optionally the recovery module 65, the determination module 70 and the communication module 75 are each made in the form of a programmable logic component, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or else a an integrated circuit, such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).
• a programmable logic component such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)
• ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
• the generation device 25 When the generation device 25 is produced in the form of one or more software(s), that is to say in the form of a computer program, it is also capable of being recorded on a medium, not represented, readable by computer.
• the computer-readable medium is, for example, a medium capable of storing electronic instructions and of being coupled to a bus of a computer system.
• the readable medium is an optical disc, a magneto-optical disc, a ROM memory, a RAM memory, any type of non-volatile memory (for example EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH, NVRAM), a magnetic card or an optical card.
• On the readable medium is then stored a computer program comprising software instructions.
• Each extraction rule includes an extraction law and a respective first class identifier.
• Each extraction law includes the set of keyword(s), and at least one specificity respectively specifying a characteristic of each keyword or a dependency of several keywords, if applicable.
• Each extraction law is for example a textual element forming a sentence in natural language, each specificity being, if necessary, a textual expression semantically linking the keywords.
• each extraction law is in the form of a graph in which each keyword represents a node, and each dependency specificity being represented by an arc connecting two nodes in the case where the graph includes several nodes.
• NLU Natural Language Understanding
• Each source base 20 comprises a set of data, each able to be extracted from the source base 20, following a request in a computer language interpretable by the source base 20.
• Each source base 20 having its own structure and its own language, the translator 30 specific to each source base 20 is configured to translate a respective extraction law expressed in a so-called natural language, into a respective request expressed in the language of the base source 20 or in a language interpretable by the source database 20.
• a natural language is understood here in the sense of a written or spoken language, which is not a computer language.
• the French, English and German languages are non-exhaustive examples of natural languages.
• the computer language, in which the extraction laws are translated into respective queries is for example the so-called SPARQL language (from the English “SPARQL Protocol And R DF Query Language”).
• Each translator 30 is configured to generate, from the extraction law received, the request comprising at least one second class identifier and at least one extraction criterion.
• Each second class identifier also called argument, corresponds to a respective class of the source base 20, and then makes it possible to identify such a class.
• the second class identifiers are for example identified by a first denomination “SELECT” preceding the second identifier.
• Each extraction criterion also called condition, corresponds to a discriminating characteristic relating to the data of the class identified by a second respective identifier. Thus, only the data satisfying each extraction criterion are extracted.
• each extraction criterion is identified by a second name "WHERE" preceding said criterion.
• each SPARQL query is capable of extracting, from the source database 20, the data corresponding to each second class identifier identified by the first denomination "SELECT" and verifying each extraction criterion, each extraction criterion relating to at least a second class identifier.
• a specific feature of the SPARQL language is that it is not necessary to introduce, prior to the second designation “WHERE”, each second class identifier to which a respective extraction criterion applies.
• the translator 30 is of the SPARQL type, specific to a respective source base 20 comprising the "aerodrome” and “airstrip” classes, and is configured to translate the extraction law "Find an airport whose runway length is greater than 1.2 km" into a respective SPARQL query comprising the second "aerodrome” class identifier in the form "SELECT aerodrome”, and comprising the extraction criterion in the form “WHERE ⁇ runway landing > 1.2 km ⁇ ”. Only the data, corresponding to the class identified by the second identifier "aerodrome” and for which the class, identified by the second identifier "airstrip”, includes runways longer than 1.2 km, are extracted by the SPARQL query.
• the translator 30 is known per se, the SWIP project in particular proposing such a translator 30.
• the translator 30 of the SWIP project is capable of translating a respective extraction law expressed in natural language, into a respective SPARQL query, through a process of Automatic processing of natural language called "TAL".
• SPARQL-DL SPARQL-DL
• Snap SPARQL OWL-QL
• SQWRL SQWRL
• the set 15 comprises for example at least one of the following source bases 20:
• AirM-O ATM Information Reference Model Ontology
• AIXM Aircraft Information exchange Model
• IWXXM Independent Metal Exchange Model
• the acquisition module 35 is configured to acquire the list of action(s) required during the mission.
• Each required action designates an intention of the user 47 during the mission. This intention is said to be high-level, as opposed to a decision taken by the user 47 after consulting the relevant data.
• the data relevant to making the decision depends, at least in part, on the required action chosen, i.e. the intention chosen.
• the list of action(s) required includes for example: a start of the aircraft, a diversion of the aircraft and a bypass by the aircraft of a geographical area.
• the acquisition module 35 is also configured to acquire the group of extraction rule(s).
• Each extraction rule is associated with the required action from the list of required action(s).
• each required action makes it possible to carry out a filtering on the data which will be extracted by the extraction law included in each extraction rule associated with said action.
• the group of extraction rule(s) typically comprises the rules of extraction associated with the diversion action of the aircraft, the extraction law of each of which is for example the following:
• the keywords are, for example, “airport” and “runway”.
• the list of extraction rule(s) typically comprises the extraction rules, associated with the action of circumvention by the aircraft of a geographical area, the extraction law of each of which is for example the following: finding the coordinates of the waypoint(s) of the aircraft for which the meteorological conditions correspond to predefined conditions, and distant from the aircraft by at most a second predefined maximum distance D 2max , and find the coordinates of the point(s) of passage of the aircraft for which(s) an internet coverage of a satellite technology.
• the mission is the follow-up of patients in a hospital.
• a respective required action is then for example to detect patients at risk of COVID-19 in an emergency department.
• the extraction rules are then, for example, the following: select all patients from the emergency department who have not been diagnosed with COVID-19 and are over the age of 60, select patients from the emergency department who have not been diagnosed with COVID-19 and have cardiovascular risks, select patients from the emergency department who have not been diagnosed with COVID-19 and who have shared a room with a patient who has COVID- 19, Select hospital patients whose age is within a predefined age range, such as between 30 and 50 years old.
• the mission is to control a fire.
• the action required is then to determine suitable means for the management of this fire.
• the extraction rules are then, for example: determine the emergency vehicles with fire extinguishing services, determine the emergency vehicles equipped with at least one driver, an approved leader and four team members, and determine emergency vehicles present in the area of the accident.
• the mission is the management of accidents by an SAMU service.
• a respective required action is then the search for hospitals to take care of a victim, following an accident.
• a rule of extraction is then to determine the hospitals having a service adapted to a pathology of a victim to be taken care of.
• the first class identifier included in each extraction rule corresponds to the class of the structured base 10 in which each extracted data must be stored after sending the respective extraction law. More detailed explanations of the classes of the structured base 10 are provided below.
• the acquisition module 35 is also optionally configured to acquire a set of invariant data(s) during the mission.
• the set of invariant data(s) includes, where appropriate, data not changing during the mission and known prior to the mission, as well as the first class identifier associated with each of said data for the storage of said datum in the structured base 10.
• the set of invariant datum(s) also comprises data absent from the set 15 making it possible to complete the extraction laws.
• the invariant data include for example: a type or a reference of the aircraft, an initial quantity of fuel in the aircraft, a flight number of the mission and a departure airport of the aircraft.
• the generation module 40 is connected at the output of the acquisition module 35, and is configured to generate the structure of the structured base 10.
• the structure of the structured base 10 comprises classes, and in particular a respective class for each first identifier of class of the extraction rule(s) group.
• each first class identifier is chosen from the following six class names: "subject”, “tool(s)", “community”, “rule(s)”, “division of labor”, “target” .
• This breakdown into six classes is known per se, and comes from the activity theory proposed by Y. Engeström in 1987 in the document “Learning by expanding: An activity-theoretical approach to developmental research, Helsinki: Orienta-Konsultit”.
• This decomposition is a generic structure making it possible to describe exhaustively a set of necessary elements of an activity while ensuring an objective distinction between classes.
• class “rule(s)” refers to the business rules to be applied for the achievement of an objective. These business rules correspond to the extraction rules.
• the generation module 40 is also configured to generate the class of unsuccessful request(s) in the structured base 10.
• the selection module 45 is connected at the output of the acquisition module 35, and is configured to select at least one respective extraction rule from among those of the group of extraction rule(s).
• the selection module 45 is configured to select, from the group of extraction rule(s), each rule associated with said chosen action.
• the selection module 45 is configured to choose the extraction rules associated with the action of diversion of the aircraft, such as those described above. As a corollary, if the required action chosen is to circumvent the aircraft, the selection module 45 is configured to choose the extraction rules which are associated with this required action.
• the sending module 50 is connected at the output of the selection module, and is configured to send, to set 15, the extraction law of each selected extraction rule.
• the sending module 50 is configured to send the extraction law included in each selected extraction rule, to each source base 20, via the translator 30 specific to said source base 20.
• the sending module 50 is optionally configured to complete before sending, and if necessary, a respective extraction law from the data already stored in the structured base 10.
• the predefined length is preferably completed automatically according to the invariant datum corresponding to the type or model number of the aircraft.
• the storage module 55 is connected at the output of the selection module 45, and is configured to receive and store, in the structured base 10, one or more elements of the message or messages received in response to the extraction law or laws sent to the set 15.
• Each message received comprises for example the following elements: a set of data(s) extracted(s), a set of second class identifier(s), and a group of extraction criteria(s).
• Each message received more precisely comprises a data field comprising two tables.
• a first table includes the extracted data set.
• a second table includes the query in SPARQL language that made it possible to extract the extracted data set. The set of second class identifier(s) and the group of extraction criteria(s) are then included in the second table.
• the storage module 55 is configured to store each set of extracted data, each set of second identifier(s) and each group of extraction criterion(ies) in the class corresponding to the first identifier associated with the law of original extraction of the received data.
• Each extracted datum corresponds to a respective datum of a source base 20 in response to the extraction law sent.
• the storage module 55 is configured to store, in the structured base 10, at least a first relationship between a respective extracted datum and a respective second identifier, or between an extracted datum and a respective extraction criterion.
• the storage module 55 is preferably configured to store, in the appropriate class, each first relation defining a link between two stored elements.
• Each first relation is for example a textual element, also called an axiom or semantic data triplet.
• Each first relation makes it possible to define the semantic link between two elements stored in the structured base 10.
• Each semantic link makes it possible, for example, to define a link of membership, of interdependence, or even of hierarchy between two elements. Such a hierarchical link can be assimilated to a notion of subclass.
• the semantic link between an extracted data "Bordeaux" and a second identifier "airport", of the type "Bordeaux is an airport” is equivalent to having in the structured base 10, the subclass "airport" included in one of the classes for example from the theory of activity, and including the data extracted "Bordeaux".
• Such semantic links then make it possible to qualify the structured base 10 as an ontologically organized base, since it comprises, in addition to data, semantic links between its data.
• Such an ontologically organized basic formalism is said to be of the OWL type (from the English Ontology Web Language or l/l/eb Ontology Language).
• each first relationship is deduced from the extraction law included in the extraction rule to which it is relative, and in particular specificities of dependence between each keyword in the said law.
• the storage module 55 is configured to, in the event of reception of several extracted data following the sending of a respective extraction law, store each extracted data received in the structured base 10.
• the assembly 15 comprises at least two source bases 20, if extracted data is received from several source bases 20, each extracted data is stored in the class corresponding to the first identifier associated with the extraction law at the origin of the extracted data received.
• the storage module 55 is configured to, if at least two second identifiers received are associated with the same respective keyword of the extraction law, store a second relation in the structured base 10.
• the second relation then indicates for example that the two second identifiers are synonymous.
• the storage module 55 is also configured to store the invariant data during the mission in the classes associated with the first identifier of each, if the set of invariant data has been acquired.
• the storage module 55 is also configured to store the group of extraction rule(s) in the “rule(s)” class, if the structured base 10 includes such a class.
• the association module 60 is connected at the output of the selection module 45 and at the output of the set 15 of base(s) source(s) 20.
• the association module 60 is configured to associate each extraction law, for which no fetched data is received, to the class of unsuccessful request(s).
• the association module 60 is optionally configured to determine that no extracted data is received following the sending of a respective extraction law if the message or messages received from the set 15 only verify at least the one of the following cases: an error message is received from set 15,
• the association module 60 is configured to receive the requests in SPARQL language at the output of each translator 30.
• association module 60 is configured to receive from the set 15, for each source base 20 and for each extraction law sent, the set of second class identifier(s), and the group of extraction criteria(s).
• the set of second class identifier(s) and the group of extraction criterion(ies) are obtained by the translator 30 specific to each source database 20.
• the association module 60 is optionally configured to qualify the law sent as unsuccessful.
• the association module 60 is then preferably configured to associate each unsuccessful law with the class of unsuccessful request(s) by placing in said class the set of second identifier(s) and the group of extraction criterion(ies) associated with said law.
• An extraction law with no response from a set of data extracted i.e. for which the first table of the message received is empty, is considered unsuccessful.
• This mechanism refers to an absence of the data(s) sought in the set 15 of base(s) source(s) 20. These data are also called missing data.
• the association module 60 is optionally configured to store, in the class of unsuccessful request(s): each second identifier absent from the structured base 10, each extraction criterion, and at least one third relation linking a second respective identifier and a respective extraction criterion of the unsuccessful law.
• the association module 60 is preferably configured to store, for each unsuccessful law, each third relationship linking two elements stored by said module 60 and each third relationship linking a second respective identifier already present in the structured base 10 to another respective stored element. by said module 60.
• association module 60 is optionally configured to, in the event of qualification of an extraction law as unsuccessful, distinguish the configuration concerned from among the first and second possible configurations.
• the association module 60 is configured to carry out the storage in this case as described above.
• no data is received because no source base 20 includes the set of class(es) corresponding to the set of keyword(s) of the extraction law qualified as unsuccessful. .
• the translator 30 of each source base 20 has not succeeded in translating each keyword of the extraction law into a second class identifier of the source base 20 with which it is associated.
• the association module 60 is in this case, configured to store in the class of unsuccessful request(s), each second identifier absent from the structured base 10, each keyword of the unsuccessful law not having associated second identifier, each extraction criterion and at least one fourth relationship linking said or one of said keywords to a second identifier of the unsuccessful law.
• the association module 60 is preferably configured to store, for each unsuccessful extraction law, all the fourth relations existing between each second identifier, each keyword, and each extraction criterion, taken two by two.
• the recovery module 65 is configured to recover a request for data from the user 47.
• the recovery module 65 is for example configured to recover the request in textual form.
• the communication module 75 is connected to the output of the determination module 70 and is configured to communicate the message from what has been determined by the determination module 70, to the user 47 or to an electronic processing device, not represented.
• the communication module is for example a virtual assistant comprising a chatbot interacting with the user 47 through means of communication such as a display screen, an audio system comprising a microphone and/or a loudspeaker, a haptic sensor and/or actuator, or any possible combination of the aforementioned means of communication.
• the communication module 75 is configured to communicate each requested data present in the structured base 10 to the user 47 or to the electronic processing device.
• the communication module 75 is also configured to, if the request relates to a second respective class identifier, or if applicable, a respective keyword of the unsuccessful request class, communicate a message indicating that the data requested relates to a or data missing from the set 15 of base(s) source(s) 20 to the user 47 or to the electronic processing device.
• the communication module 75 is also configured for, if the requested data is absent from the structured base 10 and does not concern a second respective identifier or a respective keyword of the class of unsuccessful request(s) (s), communicate a respective message indicating that the requested data or data has not yet been retrieved, to the user 47 or to the electronic processing device.
• the communication module 75 is in this case, typically further configured to send the request to the assembly 15 as an extraction law in order to try to obtain the requested data or data.
• each action required corresponds to the intention of the user 47 during the mission for which data is extracted in order to help him make a decision.
• Each extraction rule is associated with the required action, and includes the specific extraction law to be sent to the set 15, as well as the first class identifier.
• Each extraction law comprises the set of keyword(s) and at least the specificity specifying the characteristic of said keyword, or where applicable, the dependence between two keywords.
• the first class identifier corresponds to the class of the structured base 10 in which the data from the set 15 are stored, following the sending of the extraction law.
• Invariant data includes data that does not change during the mission and the first class identifier, specific to each data, indicating the class of the structured base 10 in which said data must be stored.
• Each class is the element of the structure of the structured base 10 corresponding to the first class identifier included in the extraction rule.
• the structured base 10 also includes the class of unsuccessful request(s).
• Each request corresponds to the translation by the translator 30 of the extraction law.
• Each query includes the set of respective second identifier(s) and the respective extraction criteria group(s).
• Each second class identifier corresponds to the translation, by the translator 30, of a respective keyword of the extraction law.
• Each second class identifier identifies the respective class of the source base 20 with which the translator 30 is associated.
• Each extraction criterion corresponds to the translation by the translator 30, of the specificity into the condition for the extraction of the data from the source base 20 with which the translator 30 is associated.
• Each message received from set 15 includes the set of second class identifier(s), the group of extraction criteria, and if applicable, the set of extracted data(s).
• Each data item extracted is the data item from the respective source base 20 extracted by the query.
• Each first relationship corresponds to the link, stored in the structured database 10, between the extracted data and the second class identifier of the associated request, or between the extracted data and the extraction criterion of said request, or between the second identifier and the extraction criterion, or else, where applicable, between two second identifiers.
• Each second relation corresponds to the link, stored in the structured base 10, between two second class identifiers specifying that they are synonymous, in the case where the two second identifiers are associated with the same respective keyword.
• Each third relation corresponds to the link, stored in the structured base 10, between the second identifier and the respective extraction criterion of said request, or the case applicable between two second identifiers of a respective request, in the absence of data extracted by said request.
• Each fourth relation corresponds to the link, stored in the structured base 10, between a second respective identifier or a respective keyword, and another respective second identifier or another respective keyword or else an extraction criterion, each of the same respective request, in the event of absence of translation of a keyword into a second respective class identifier.
• FIG. 2 representing a flowchart of the method, according to the invention, for generating the structured base 10 , the method being implemented by the generation device 25.
• the generation device 25 acquires the list of action(s) required during the mission and the group of rule(s) for extracting data from the together 15, via its acquisition module 35.
• Each extraction rule is associated with a respective required action.
• the generation device 25 optionally also acquires the set of invariant data(s) during the mission.
• the generation device 25 then passes to a generation step 120 in which it generates the structure of the structured database 10, via its generation module 40.
• the generation device 25 optionally stores the set of invariant data(s) in the classes of the structured base 10, as well as the group of extraction rule(s) in the class “rule(s)” if such a class is present.
• the generation device 25 then proceeds to a selection step 130 in which it selects, following the choice by the user 47 of the action required from the list of action(s) required(s), the rule(s) of extraction associated with the required action chosen.
• the generation device 25 then proceeds to a sending step 140 in which, via its sending module 50, it sends each selected extraction law to the set 15.
• the sending module 50 sends the extraction law included in each selected extraction rule, to each translator 30 of each source base 20.
• the generation device 25 completes the extraction laws from data already stored in the structured base 10.
• the generation device 25 then proceeds to a first detection step 150, in which it receives, for each extraction law sent, a message from the set 15, and detects the presence or not of the data set(s) extracted(s) in the message received.
• the generation device 25 For each message received comprising the set of extracted data(s), the generation device 25 stores, during a storage step 160 and via its storage module 55, each extracted data received in the structured database 10.
• the generation device 25 stores in the class corresponding to the first identifier associated with the extraction law in response to which the extracted data is received. , each second identifier still absent from the structured base 10, each extraction criterion, each extracted datum, and at least one first respective relationship between a respective extracted datum and a respective second identifier.
• the generation device 25 preferably stores all the first relations between the extracted data, the second identifiers and the extraction criteria.
• the generation device 25 stores each extracted data received in the class corresponding to the first identifier associated with said extraction law.
• the generation device 25 stores a second respective relation in the class corresponding to the first identifier of the rule associated with said law.
• the generation device 25 For each message received that does not include a set of extracted data(s), the generation device 25 proceeds to an association step 170 in which it associates the extraction law at the origin of said message, with the class of unsuccessful request(s).
• the generation device 25 qualifies said law as unsuccessful.
• the generation device 25 ranks in the class of unsuccessful request(s), each second identifier absent from the structured base 10, each extraction criterion and at least one third respective relationship linking two second identifiers together or linking a respective second identifier to a respective extraction criterion.
• the generation device 25 preferably ranks all the third relationships between each second identifier and each extraction criterion.
• the device for generation 25 range, in the class of unsuccessful request(s): each second class identifier absent from the structured base 10, each keyword not translated into a respective second identifier, each extraction criterion, at least one fourth respective relation linking a second respective identifier or a respective keyword, to a respective extraction criterion or to a second respective identifier or to a respective keyword.
• each fourth relationship linking two stored elements is preferably also stored in the structured base 170.
• the generation device 25 repeats the steps of sending 140, storing 160 and associating 170 regularly, and preferably periodically, for updating the data in the structured database 10 .
• the generation device 25 then optionally goes into a recovery step 180 during which it recovers, via its recovery module 65, the request for data(s) from the user 47.
• the generation device 25 then proceeds to a determination step 190 in which it determines, via its determination module 70, whether or not each data item requested is contained in the structured database 10.
• the generation device 25 For each datum requested, if said datum is contained in the structured base 10, the generation device 25 then proceeds to a first communication step 200 during which it communicates, via its communication module 75, the datum requested to the user 47 or to the electronic processing device.
• the generation device 25 For each requested piece of data missing from the structured base 10, the generation device 25 passes to a second detection step 210 in which it detects whether the request relates to the element(s) stored in the class of requests (s) unsuccessful(s) by detecting whether the request is associated with a respective second identifier, a respective extraction criterion, a third or a respective fourth relation of the class of unsuccessful request(s).
• the generating device 25 proceeds to a second communication step 220 in which it communicates a message indicating that the requested data or data are absent from the assembly 15, to the user 47 or to the electronic processing device.
• the generation device 25 optionally passes to a third communication step 230 during which it communicates a message indicating that the or the requested data has not yet been retrieved from the user 47 or the processing device.
• the generation device 25 optionally sends the request to the set 15 and returns to the storage step 160 if a respective extracted datum is received in return. Otherwise, the generation device 25 passes to the association step 170. In the event of extracted data received in return, the storage module 55 arranges the various elements in a class of the structured base 10 chosen by the user 47.
• the required action is for example the diversion of the aircraft.
• the generation device 25 acquires the extraction rules, linked to the required aircraft diversion action, the extraction laws of which are respectively: “find an airport whose length of the runway is greater than a predetermined length L”, and “find an airport whose meteorological conditions correspond to the CAVOK standard, and distant from the aircraft by at most 50 km", CAVOK (from the English “Cloud And Visibility OK”) corresponding to a meteorological standard in which visibility is considered to be good and in which the presence of clouds is limited.
• the first identifier contained in each of said extraction rules is “mission”.
• the keywords are: “airport” and “runway”.
• the keywords are: “airport”, “weather conditions” and “remote”.
• the acquisition module 35 also acquires the invariant data relating to the reference of the model of the aircraft, for example “Airbus A350”, and to the airport of origin “airport of 'origin Toulouse', each invariant datum being associated with the first class identifier 'mission'.
• the generation device 25 During the generation step 120, the generation device 25 generates the structure of the structured database 10.
• the structure must at least include the “mission” class, because it corresponds to the first class identifier of the acquired extraction rules.
• the structure includes, for example, the six classes of activity theory: “subject”, “tool(s)”, “community”, “division of labour”, “aim”, and “rule(s)”.
• the “mission” class then corresponds to the “aim” class, so that the “aim” and “mission” classes form one and the same class.
• the "subject” class is intended to contain data relating to the pilot of the aircraft
• the "tool(s)” class is intended to contain data relating to the means for carrying out the mission
• the "community is intended to contain data relating to other entities or individuals who will participate in the execution of the mission such as the co-pilot, the personnel on board, or to the control towers
• the "division of labor” class is intended to contain data relating to the sharing of the activity with the community
• the "targeted” class is intended to contain data relating to the mission.
• the generated structure further comprises the class of unsuccessful request(s), called “unsuccessful request(s)”.
• the generation device 25 stores the invariant data in the class indicated by their first class identifier.
• the generation device 25 places the extraction rules in the “rule(s)” class.
• the extraction rules are respectively referenced R ⁇ and R 2 .
• the generation device 25 selects the extraction rules associated with the required action “diversion of the aircraft” chosen by the user 47.
• the generation device 25 completes the extraction law of the first extraction rule with the invariant datum relating to the model reference of the aircraft, stored in the structured database 10.
• the extraction law of the first extraction rule therefore becomes, for example, “find an airport whose runway length is greater than 1.2 km”.
• the generation device 25 sends, to the assembly 15, the extraction laws contained in the first and second extraction rules.
• the generation device 25 receives for each law sent, a message from the assembly 15 and detects the presence or absence of the extracted data set(s).
• a first (respectively second) message corresponds to the message received following the sending of the extraction law included in the first (respectively second) extraction rule.
• the first message includes for example the second identifiers: “aerodrome” and “airstrip”, the extraction criterion “airstrip > 1.2 km” and the set of data(s) extracted “ Bordeaux, Limoges »
• the generation device 25 stores, in the “mission” class of the structured base 10, the second identifiers, the extraction criterion and the extracted data.
• the second identifiers, the extraction criterion and the extracted data are respectively represented by dotted line boxes, respectively of elliptical, parallelepiped and rectangular shape.
• the generation device 25 stores in the structured base 10, the first relations: "aerodrome has landing strip”, “Limoges is an aerodrome”, “Bordeaux is an aerodrome”, “Limoges has airstrip”, “Bordeaux has airstrip”, “airstrip > 1.2 km is a type of airstrip”, “Limoges has airstrip > 1.2 km” and “Bordeaux has an airstrip > 1.2 km”.
• these first relations are represented by dotted line segments each connecting two boxes.
• the second “aerodrome” identifier is not stored in the unsuccessful request(s) class because it is already present in the “mission” class.
• the generation device 25 retrieves the following first and second requests from the user 47: "Which airports have a runway at least 1 km long?" and “Which airports have CAVOK weather and are at a distance of less than 30 km from the aircraft? ".
• the generation device 25 determines that the first request relates to extracted data present in the structured database 10, unlike the second request. For the first request, during the first communication step 200, the generation device 25 communicates the “Bordeaux” and “Limoges” data to the user 47.
• the generation device 25 passes to the second detection step 210 in which it detects that the second request relates to the class “unsuccessful request(s)” because if the set 15 does not include any datum verifying the extraction criterion relating to the meteorological conditions and being at a distance of less than 50 km from the aircraft, then the set 15 does not comprise any datum verifying the same criterion on the meteorological conditions and distant by at most 30 km .
• the generation device 25 communicates to the user 47 a message indicating that the requested data or data are absent from the set 15.
• the generation method according to the invention then makes it possible to generate the structured base 10 comprising a smaller number of data, each data item of the structured base 10 corresponding to a respective extraction rule.
• the storage in the structured base 10 of second class identifier(s), extraction criterion(ies), first relation(s), second relation(s), third(s) relation(s) and fourth(s) relation(s) makes it possible to contextualize each extracted data and therefore a better use of the extracted data.
• These elements are qualified as context element(s). Indeed, this allows a user to not only have access to the data, but also to the context in which they were extracted, and therefore to better understand the origin of each piece of data. This allows, among other things, a user 47 to detect a possible inconsistency in data extracted from a source database 20, which would be impossible, or at the very least more difficult, without said contextual elements.
• the selection of extraction rules according to the required action chosen by the user 47 makes the extraction more selective, ensuring that the extracted data is useful for the understanding of the situation.
• the class of unsuccessful request(s) makes it possible to distinguish among the missing data, in the structured base 10, those which are supposed to be irrelevant when establishing the rule(s) of extraction, of those which are absent from the base(s) of source(s) 20.
• the optional steps of retrieval 180, determination 190 and communication 200 make it possible to communicate to the user 47 the data of the structured base 10 and, thanks to the class of unsuccessful request(s) and the step of association 170, to also inform it more quickly about any missing data from the set 15. Taking into account the absence of certain data(s) from the set 15 then leads to a better understanding from the user 47 of the data that he has at his disposal in the structured database 10.
• this request is nevertheless preferably taken into account to query the set 15 , allows the user 47 not to be constrained by the only data considered relevant by the group of extraction rule(s).
• the fact that in the event of reception of distinct data, in response to the same extraction law, the distinct extracted data are stored, during the storage step 160, in the same class of the structured base 10 , makes it possible to leave the validation of the data extracted to the user 47. This also makes it possible not to risk omitting the storage of relevant data in the structured base 10.
• the method and the generation device 25 according to the invention make it possible to improve the extraction of data from the source database(s) 20, as well as the generation of the structured database 10 which optimizes the response times. to questions from the user 47.

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