EP4222344A1

EP4222344A1 - Drilling system for recovering virtually intact drill cores from loose to solid ground

Info

Publication number: EP4222344A1
Application number: EP21782980.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Daniel Studer
Original assignee: Stumatec Ag
Current assignee: Stumatec Ag
Priority date: 2020-09-30
Filing date: 2021-09-24
Publication date: 2023-08-09
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-24
Also published as: EP4222344C0; JP2023543523A; US20230366282A1; EP4222344B1; TW202214952A; AR123616A1; KR20230078704A; WO2022069372A1; CN116261621A; AU2021354880A1; AU2021354880A9; ZA202303527B; CH717907A1; MX2023003763A; BR112023005698A2; CL2023000950A1; CA3194478A1

Abstract

The apparatus is operated with a conventional rotary drive with a pile driver hammer. The torque and the blows of the drill head are transmitted to a drilling starting pipe (8) with a drill bit. Within the rotating starting pipe (8) there is a non-rotating sleeve (17). It is applied at the bottom to the inner side of the drill bit rotating beneath it. As a particular feature, the sleeve (17) is connected in terms of compressive and tensile force via a sleeve adapter (21) to axially successive parts that are rotatable with respect to one another and a pressurizing, flushing and recovering pipe DSB (19), connected to said parts, with the rotating drill head. The DSB (19) rotates together with the drill head and the drill pipe, and the sleeve adapter (21) connects to the non-rotating sleeve (17). With the DSB, first of all the sleeve (17) is pressurized from above, secondly flushing is effected, in that the flushing water for the bore is guided in the DSB (19) and is pressed outwardly out of the sleeve (17), and thirdly the recovery of the sleeve (17) is enabled, for an approximately intact drilling sample.

Description

Drilling system for retrieving almost undisturbed drill cores from loose to solid ground

This drilling system relates to a method and a device for removing cores from particular loose but also from solid ground, the core samples can be recovered and stored almost undisturbed.

This means that a cylindrical drill core in a hollow cylindrical sleeve, the so-called drill core catcher or drill sample catcher, is removed from the ground and brought to the surface. Such drill cores measure, for example, about one meter in length and 10 cm to 20 cm in diameter. However, they can also be selected to be considerably larger or considerably smaller, depending on what is desired and on the corresponding dimensioning of the drilling device. On the surface, this drill core is ejected from the hollow-cylindrical sleeve and is then freely accessible horizontally, for example on the inner shell of a half-cylinder or on a flat surface. Insofar as such a soil sample partially disintegrates due to the consistency of the material when it is ejected from the pod, it is no longer 100% undisturbed. However, the sleeve can also be equipped on the inside with a liner made of, for example, hard PVC or another suitable material that is flush with its inner wall, so that this liner is also pushed over the ground material with the boring drive with the sleeve. In this case, after the sleeve has been recovered, the liner is ejected from the same, with the drill core in it unchanged, just as it was underground, and it can later be opened in tranches, for example with diametrical cuts, so that the sample is then completely undisturbed. When using a liner One advantage is that after recovery from the sleeve, any volatile pollutants present in the drill core are trapped and preserved in the drill core. However, the use of liners is more complex and also more expensive than drilling without such liners.

[0003] Soil samples recovered in this way provide information about the condition of the soil and in particular about any pollutants that have penetrated into the soil over the course of time. In this way, reliable registers of damage can be drawn up and suitable measures for the remediation of such soils can be initiated. It is particularly interesting for agriculture to use such cadastres to gain knowledge of the soil qualities, the mineral composition of the humus soils and their nutrient richness, or to get knowledge of any soil deficiencies. Knowledge can then be gained about which soils are suitable for which crops and how fertilization should be carried out, which ultimately promotes ecological and high-yield cultivation of agricultural land. Such core drillings are also suitable for taking soil samples in old landfills, in soil suspected of being contaminated and in loose rock formations, i.e. also in fine layers of sand, in layers of peat and in sea chalk. The drilling method also works in layers of soil that are in the groundwater.

Known and often used is the taking of soil samples for geotechnical evaluations of solid ground. There is an internationally established Standard Penetration Test (SPT), as defined in the D1586 standard of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). A thick-walled sample tube with an outside diameter of 50.8 mm and an inside diameter of 35 mm and a length of about 650 mm is used for the test. This is driven into the ground at the bottom of a borehole by impacts from a slide hammer with a mass of 63.5 kg falling a distance of 760 mm. The sample pipe is driven 150 mm into the ground and then the number of blows required for the pipe to penetrate every 150 mm to a depth of 450 mm is recorded. The sum of the number of strikes required for the second and third 6-inch penetrations is called the "Standard Penetration Resistance" or "N Value," which is expressed in strikes per foot (beats per foot - bpf) is specified. This value is fundamental to many of the different types of geotechnical calculations such as bearing capacity and settlement estimates. In cases where 50 hits are not sufficient to propel penetration through a 150 mm interval, penetration is recorded after 50 hits. The score gives an indication of the density of the soil and is used in many empirical geotechnical formulas.

So while drilling in solid ground is well established in the prior art, drilling and, above all, the recovery of drill cores from loose ground proves to be particularly demanding, because this requires ramming in addition to the rotating drill bit for drilling, i.e. a hard hit on the drill head, which then has to transmit these power surges to the entire drill string, i.e. to the drill pipes, the core pipe and the drill bit attached to it. Accordingly, all parts are subject to enormous mechanical and thermal stress and their service life therefore often leaves a lot to be desired. For this reason, there is still no really convincing drilling system that delivers reasonably acceptable drill core qualities and, above all, also offers an acceptable service life of the drilling system used.

[0006] The removal of cylindrical soil samples from loose subsoil has hitherto been carried out with very specifically designed drills, which enclose a drill pipe with an initial pipe with a drill bit at the lower end, whereby by turning the drill pipe and thus the initial pipe and the drill bit and simultaneous hitting and therefore ramming into the ground. Inside the starting tube, a sleeve is inserted with little play as a drill core catcher. This sleeve rests at the bottom of the drill bit on a projection that protrudes radially inward from the same.

Such a drilling method is described in EP 2,050,923. There it is described as essential that the drill core catcher or the sleeve must be held in place inside the starting pipe in order to prevent it from rotating, and a special fixing rod is proposed for this purpose, which runs in the drill rods from top to bottom in a non-rotatable manner - i.e. without rotation - and thus intended to secure the sleeve in a rotationally fixed manner. Practice shows, however, that a fixing rod is by no means necessary, which the sleeve firmly on the drill rig so that it cannot rotate, because the sleeve is clamped by the drill core itself anyway, which enters the sleeve over the drill core when the sleeve is brought down or drilled, and this reliably prevents the sleeve from rotating. In principle, the sleeve does not rotate during drilling, but is pressed in the axial direction without rotation together with the movement of the starting pipe rotating around it over the drilled core and sunk over it. Practice therefore shows that the task which EP 2 050 923 was supposed to solve was an inauthentic one, i.e. it did not exist at all. The drill core growing into the sinking sleeve will rotate hardly or at most only very little simply because of its connection with the subsoil. A locating rod to hold the sleeve in place and prevent it from rotating is therefore unnecessary. It can even have a disadvantageous effect, namely when the sleeve twists by a few angular degrees in the direction of rotation of the drill bit in certain subsoil conditions despite the non-rotatable fixing rod. Although this does not affect the quality of the drill core, when using such a fixing rod it means that it cannot absorb the resulting torsion and shears off. Then there are unplanned and long interruptions in drilling and time-consuming improvisational work in order to somehow salvage the casing.

Normally, however, it is stopped after reaching a drilling section and the sleeve is pulled out of the starting pipe together with the drill core upwards and the drill core is pushed out of the sleeve in a horizontal position and the empty sleeve can be reinserted into the starting pipe. For deeper holes, the starting pipe with the drill bit can be brought into deeper layers with sectional extensions of the drill pipe. This is as far as EP 2 050 923 puts forward.

So-called cable core drilling methods are known in the prior art, with which drill cores can easily be recovered from solid rock or solid ground. These methods work with devices including a ratchet lock, which involves a complicated construction that is not suitable for drilling in loose ground, because these devices for recovering drill cores would break down within a very short time as a result of the ramming blows required. In addition, a sleeve or a core catcher cannot be passed down with ropes be pressed into a drill core that has been drilled free.

[0010] The difficulties of removing such drill cores from loose soil are manifold and are usually extremely underestimated. The drilling rig develops a torque of up to 28,000 Nm, the ramming impacts cause enormous power surges, i.e. those with very high force peaks with individual impact energies of up to 500 Nm, which are used at frequencies of, for example, 2400 ^rpm , which is due to the construction and whose stability makes extreme demands that are difficult to calculate from a purely mathematical point of view. Many parts that were used on an experimental basis proved to be worn out and unusable after a short period of use. Reference is made here, for example, to the Sonnic rotary hammer, or more generally to all commercially available rotary drives and rotary hammers, for which this applies throughout.

Less suitable drilling methods can also lead to contamination from certain layer depths being dragged down from the drill bit or the core barrel during the drilling process. In such cases, a recovered drill core sample can no longer be described as approximately undisturbed.

[0012] To date, there is no drill available from which one can claim that it is really suitable for taking almost undisturbed soil samples not only from solid subsoil but also from loose subsoil in the form of drill cores. No known device works reliably over long periods of use and enables the cores to be removed and retrieved in an efficient and simple manner, in particular from loose subsoil, so that many cores could be retrieved as intact as possible over a period of time.

Against this background, the present invention sets itself the task of specifying a drilling system, i.e. a method and a device for taking approximately undisturbed soil samples from, in particular, loose subsoil, but equally also from solid subsoil, which drilling system exceeds the conventional methods in several is clearly superior. The actual drilling should thus be faster and any interruptions in drilling should be reduced to a minimum of time. The device should have a much longer service life than conventional drill pipe and its components offer. The boreholes should deliver almost undisturbed soil samples and, depending on their condition, be secured in such a way that if the material falls apart due to the consistency of the material, the informative value of the sample investigation does not suffer or only imperceptibly.

This object is achieved by a method according to the features of patent claim 1 and with the device for its implementation according to the features of patent claim 6.

In the following description, this drilling system, that is to say the device and the method operated with it, is presented and the individual features and aspects of the method and the device are described in an understandable manner. The special features and the function of the device and its components are explained exhaustively.

It shows:

Figure 1 A rotary hammer with drive and hammer for beating

rotating the drill head;

FIG. 2 shows the rotary hammer lying down, in a view from below;

FIG. 3 shows the rotary hammer with the drill head in the upright operating position;

FIG. 4 shows a drill head separately, with its external thread for screwing into a drill pipe;

Figure 5 The drill head according to Figure 4 in a longitudinal section, with a central axial

Hole for flushing and radial hole for venting;

Figure 6 The assembled drilling system consisting of drill head, drill pipe,

Starter tube and drill bit attached thereto; FIG. 7 shows the assembled drilling system from FIG. 6 seen obliquely from below;

FIG. 8 A drill pipe as an extension piece, viewed obliquely from below;

FIG. 9 shows the drill pipe from FIG. 8 as an extension piece, viewed obliquely from above;

FIG. 10 shows the drill bit in an enlarged representation, seen obliquely from below;

Figure 11 Assembled and from top to bottom: a pressure, flushing and

Recovery pipe adapter (DSB adapter), followed by a pressure, flushing and recovery pipe DSB, and at the bottom of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe DSB a sleeve or core catcher;

Figure 12 The DSB adapter for placing on top of the pressure, flushing and

salvage pipe DSB;

FIG. 13 A pressure, scavenging and recovery pipe DSB as an extension piece seen diagonally from below;

FIG. 14 shows a sleeve adapter for the impact pressure-resistant connection of the sleeve or the drill core catcher to the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe, viewed diagonally from above downwards;

FIG. 15 shows the sleeve adapter from FIG. 14 for the impact pressure-resistant connection of the sleeve or the drill core catcher to the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe, viewed diagonally from below upwards;

FIG. 16 shows the individual parts of the sleeve adapter from FIGS. 14 and 15 in a linear exploded drawing;

FIG. 17 A sleeve or a drill core catcher viewed obliquely from below; FIG. 18 A sleeve or a drill core catcher viewed obliquely from above;

Figure 19 An unrolled spring retainer in the sleeve for the

core retention;

FIG. 20 The drilling head at the top, below the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe with the starting pipe at the bottom, in which the sleeve is inserted, before it is removed from the starting pipe;

Figure 21 The pressure, flushing and recovery pipe being pulled up to the

removing the sleeve or core catcher from the starter tube;

Figure 22 The pressure, flushing and recovery pipe after the upward

withdrawing the sleeve or core catcher from the starter pipe;

Figure 23 The sleeve adapter pulled out of the sleeve at the bottom

pressure, flushing and recovery pipe;

FIG. 24 shows the lower part of the sleeve adapter enlarged, with a view into the hole for the fixing bolt and the fixing bolt next to it;

Figure 25 The pressure, flushing and recovery pipe with sleeve adapter at

Connecting an empty or emptied case;

Figure 26 The pressure, flushing and recovery pipe with sleeve adapter and empty

sleeve prior to insertion into the initial tube;

Figure 27 The pressure, flushing and recovery pipe with sleeve adapter and empty

Sleeve inserted into the starter pipe when fitting a drill pipe onto the starter pipe; Figure 28 Moving a drill pipe down the pressure, flushing and drilling

recovery pipe onto the initial pipe;

FIG. 29 The screwing of a drill pipe onto the starting pipe;

FIG. 30 A drill pipe ready to be screwed onto the starting pipe;

Figure 31 The DSB adapter at the top of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe

Placement on the upper end of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe;

Figure 32 The DSB adapter of the pressure, rinsing and recovery pipe fully attached;

Figure 33 The drill head above the upper end of the pressure, flushing and

recovery pipe and the top drill pipe;

FIG. 34 The lower threaded section of the drill head and the DSB adapter with the pressure, flushing and rescue pipe connected below within the drill pipe in an enlarged representation;

Figure 35 The drilling head with drive flange when lowering over the upper one

End of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe for screwing onto the drill pipe;

Figure 36 The drill head with the drive flange when screwing onto the

drill pipe.

First, a hammer drill with drive and hammer for percussive rotation of the drill head is shown in Figure 1, such as hammer drills are commercially available. The output shaft 1 protrudes below, which has a thread 3 and is rotated by a hydraulic drive 2 arranged on the side. The hammer drill includes a hammer mechanism inside, which applies ramming blows to the output shaft 1 from above. The rotation speeds of the drive vary from approx. 50 to 1000 Umin' ¹ . The lower the speed, the higher the torque applied to the output shaft 1, which at 50 rpm reaches approximately 15 ^kNm . The ramming blows are generated at hydraulic pressures of up to 200 bar and have impact energies of up to 500 Nm, with impact cadences of up to 2400 min ^-1 . In Figure 2, this hammer drill is shown in a view from below with the output shaft 1 protruding below, and in Figure 3 in the upright position for use, how the hammer drill is used, with the drill head 5 connected to the output shaft 1 at the bottom, including the thread 3 of the output shaft 1 was screwed into the drill head. FIG. 4 shows a drill head separately and enlarged, with its external thread for screwing into a drill pipe, and FIG. 5 shows this drill head in a longitudinal section. You can see the central axial bore 6 for flushing, the axial bore 37 with the inner wall from below and a radial bore 7 for venting.

From Figure 6, the inventive drilling system will now be presented and described. Here you can see the drilling system 4 in its entirety from the outside. In principle, it consists of just eight parts, namely the following, visible from the outside, from top to bottom:

1 . drilling head 5

2. One or more drill pipe sections screwed together form the drill pipe 9

3. Start pipe 8

4. Core bit 10

Inside the drill pipe 9 or the drill pipe sections and the starting pipe 8, and therefore not visible in Figure 6, the following parts are located from top to bottom, as shown in Figure 11:

5. Pressure, flushing and recovery pipe adapter (DSB adapter) 18

6. One or more pressure, flushing and recovery pipes (DSB) screwed together 19

7. Sleeve adapter 21

8. Sleeve 17

First, the figure 6 shows the assembled drilling system 4 with the top of the drill head 5 for the drive. It is screwed into an internal thread of the adjoining drill pipe 9 and can then drive and rotate it clockwise—seen from above. The drill pipe 9 is here with its lower external thread in addition suitable internal thread screwed into the top of the starting pipe 8. These threads are relatively coarse threads that are milled out of the pipe material. For each screwing together, which takes place with the help of the rotating drill head 5, the threads are preferably re-greased. The drill pipe 9 can be lengthened with one or more drill pipe sections in order to advance correspondingly deeper into the ground. The drill pipe sections advantageously measure about 1 meter in length. Then they are handy and can be carried by one person and deposited as a stack at the drilling rig for use. The starting pipe 8 carries a drill bit 10 at its lower end. FIG. 7 shows this assembled drilling system seen obliquely from below, while FIG. 8 shows a single drill pipe 9 seen obliquely from below. A relatively coarse external thread 11 is formed on this at the lower end, with which it can be screwed into a matching internal thread 12 on the next drill pipe 9, as shown in Figure 9, or with which it can be attached to the lowest pipe, i.e. at Initial pipe 8 can be screwed. When drilling, the hammer drill drive rotates clockwise when viewed from above, i.e. in the sense of tightening these connecting threads 11, 12. Of course, counterclockwise drilling is also possible in the same way, but the threads used would then also have to run the other way round.

Finally, FIG. 10 shows the drill bit 10 in an enlarged view obliquely from below. Drilling segments 13 offset with hard metal pins are soldered onto the drill bits at the bottom, and lateral, outer clearing elements 15 with inclined surfaces 14 ensure clearing at the top. The material volume, which is located axially under the drill bit segments 13 of the drill bit 10, i.e. exactly under the rotating ring that the drill bit 10 forms, is pressed partly into the drill core, partly into the surrounding ground, and a part conveyed upwards as spoil on the outside of the drill bit 10 and the starter tube 8 and the drill tube 9 . In the lower area of the drill bit 10, a shoulder 16 is formed as a radially inwardly projecting projection, on which the sleeve or the drill sample sleeve or the drill core catcher abuts, although this is not shown here. This sleeve ends flush with this projection on the inside. As the drilling progresses, the drilling sleeve or the drill core catcher pulls the drill bit 10 over the exposed drill core and snugly encloses it. It is possible to use other commercially available drill bits, for Example diamond crowns or otherwise stocked.

FIG. 11 shows, starting from below, a sleeve 17 or a drill core catcher. At the top you can then see the sleeve adapter 21, then the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 with its upper pressure, flushing and recovery pipe adapter 18, on which the impacts of the ram hammer act. In the example shown, this pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 rotates uniformly with the starting pipe 8 and any drill pipe sections used for the drill pipe 9 (FIG. 6).

A very special and highly essential element is the sleeve adapter 21 shown here between the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 and the sleeve 17 or the core catcher. While the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 rotates and beats, the sinking sleeve 17 encloses the drill core growing into it as drilling progresses without rotating. Only the strong and high-frequency ramming impacts from the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 act on the sleeve 17 and stress this sleeve adapter 21 with enormous force peaks. This must therefore mediate between the rotation of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 and the non-rotating sleeve 17 and, on the one hand, be able to absorb and permanently withstand enormous blows at a high impact rate and, on the other hand, the rotation of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 in implement a non-rotatable support on the sleeve 17. This is not possible without sliding friction and it is therefore clear that large amounts of frictional heat are also generated. This must be able to be absorbed thermally by the sleeve adapter 21 and at the same time the sleeve adapter 21 must be adequately cooled in order to be able to cope with this constantly occurring frictional heat and dissipate it to the outside.

12 shows the upper pressure, flushing and salvage pipe adapter 18 or DSB adapter of the pressure, flushing and salvage pipe 19 in an enlarged view. Flushing water runs down through the inside of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 through the axial bore with its inner wall 52 and is guided outwards within the sleeve adapter 21 to the outside of the starting pipe 8. On the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe -Adapter 18, a circumferential ring groove 54 can be seen, into which an O-ring is inserted for sealing against the inner wall of the axial bore 37 of the drill head 5. Figure 13 shows a hollow pressure, flushing and recovery pipe section (DSB) 53 as a necessary extension pipe for the hollow pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19, which is simply inserted with its lower external thread into the upper, associated internal thread of the below adjoining pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 is screwed. The extension pipe 53 thus essentially corresponds to the actual pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19, which in the example shown has an internal thread at the top for the extension.

In the following, the very essential and special element of this drilling system is presented, namely the sleeve adapter 21, which ensures the connection from the DSB 19 to the sleeve 17. For this purpose, FIG. 14 shows this sleeve adapter 21 for the impact pressure-resistant connection of the sleeve 17 or the drill core catcher to the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe DSB 19 in a view obliquely from above. A threaded stub 35 protrudes from the sleeve adapter 21 at the top, which ends in a base body 22 of the sleeve adapter at the bottom, which base body 22 forms a plate or a shoulder 44 at the top. This base body 22, onto whose threaded stub 35 the pressure, flushing and salvage pipe 19 is screwed with its lower internal thread, therefore rotates uniformly with the drill pipe 9 and the rotating pressure, flushing and salvage pipe 19. A sealing ring 36 , which is preferably made of hard plastic rubber and can rotate with the base body 22 , follows downwards. The rotation of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 is thus absorbed between the base body 22 and the stationary receiving ring 23, so that the stationary lower part 24 of the adapter 21 is connected to the sleeve 17 in a pressure-positive but non-rotatable manner. Above the visible part of the lower part 24 you can see a sliding sleeve 25, the meaning of which will become clear. The sleeve 17 or the drill core catcher is pushed onto this lower part 24 with a precise fit from below until the sleeve 17 strikes the sliding sleeve 25 with its upper edge below. A pressure ring 33 made of hardened steel is also attached to the bottom of the receiving ring 23 of the adapter. At the bottom of the lower part 24 of the base body 22 you can also see a rubber washer 27 that projects slightly radially beyond the lower part 24 for sealing the sleeve adapter 21 against the inner wall of the sleeve 17.

In the figure 15, the sleeve adapter 21 is shown in a view obliquely from below. Here you can see again, from top to bottom, first the threaded stub 35 for screwing on the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 from above, then the shoulder 44 of the base body 22 of the sleeve adapter 21, followed by first the plastic hard rubber sealing ring 36, the rests on the receiving ring 23. This is followed by the sliding sleeve 25 and underneath you can see the pressure ring 33 made of hardened steel. The slightly radially protruding rubber washer 27 for sealing the sleeve adapter 21 against the inner wall of the sleeve 17 is braced with a steel washer 29 and here four axial screws 31 with the lower part 24 . One can also see the diametrical bore 43 for the fixing bolt, which then extends through this diametrical bore in the lower part 24, as well as a bore 38 for a securing bolt, as will become clear from the following figures.

The detailed structure of the sleeve adapter 21 can be seen from FIG. 16, which shows this sleeve adapter 21 in an exploded view with the parts exploded along its central axis. Starting from the top, one first sees the base body 22 of the adapter 21 intended for rotation, followed by the sealing ring 36, the plastic hard rubber ring for sealing against the starting pipe 8. This then comes to rest on the receiving ring 23 shown underneath. This receiving ring 23 is stationary during operation, i.e. does not rotate, and it merges into a tapered section at the bottom and this has radial bores 41 all around, into which cylindrical pins 32 fit, which are shown below for the lower part 24 and whose function is immediately clear will. Below the receiving ring 23, a circlip 26 is shown as a locking ring, which comes to rest in the annular groove 45 on the base body 22 during assembly. From below, this lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21, which is also stationary, is pushed over this tapered part of the receiving ring 23 and then the cylindrical pins 32 drawn in all around are inserted from the outside into the radial bores 42 on the lower part 24 as well as into the radial bores 41 on the receiving ring, which are then aligned 23 pressed, so that these two parts 23, 24 are rotatably connected to each other. After these cylinder pins 32 have been inserted, the sliding sleeve 25 is pushed over this tapered lower part of the receiving ring 23 while covering and thus securing these cylinder pins 32 .

The retaining ring 26 is then inserted into the annular groove 45 at the lower end of the Base body 22 used so that it is secured with the receiving ring 23 in the axial direction on the base body 22 is seated. The lower part 24 of the adapter 21 has a diametral bore 43 for receiving a fixing bolt, not shown. At right angles to this diametral bore 43, there are two further radial bores 38 lying on a common axis, into which securing bolts 34 are inserted in order to secure the fixing bolt used. These two safety bolts 34 each have a pressure-loaded ball 40 at the front, which engages in a longitudinal groove on the fixing bolt used and engages, for example, halfway along the groove in a depression 56 and thus secures it. The safety bolts 34 are each secured by means of a circlip 39 after they have been pushed into the bores 38 . Through the axially provided with a bore fixing bolt in the bore 43 flows from above through the hollow pressure, flushing and salvage pipe 19 down flushing water to the outside, as will become clear. This flushing water first flows through the sleeve adapter 21 and then radially out of its lower part 24, namely on both sides through the fixing bolt in its axial bore to its end faces and thus outwards. The pressure ring 33 takes over the existing axial forces of the sliding sleeve 25 and distributes them evenly to the receiving ring 23, which is made of aluminum bronze. The rubber disk 27 and the somewhat smaller steel disk 29 are clamped to the lower part 24 on four washers 28 and by means of the four screws 31 shown and their associated spring washers 30 to secure them.

17 shows the sleeve 17 or the drill core catcher seen obliquely from below. At the lower edge, the sleeve 17 is equipped on its inside with a number of spring steel elements 20 distributed around its circumference, which in this case project upwards in an arc and towards the central axis of the sleeve 17 . If the sleeve 17, which is subjected to ramming blows from above in the same way as the starting tube 8 and the drill bit 10, is placed from above over a drill core that has been exposed by the drilling progress of the drill bit 10 and the starting tube 8, these spring steel elements 20 are removed from the drill core pressed against the inner wall of the sleeve 17 and the sleeve 17 is slipped over the stationary drill core without rotation, with a purely axial movement, with the spring steel elements 20 applied in this way to its inside. On the other hand, when the sleeve 17 with the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 is pulled up, these spring steel elements 20 act as barbs. If the drill core at If the sleeve 17 is pulled up, this does not develop sufficient adhesive force, and the slightest slippage of the sleeve 17 on the drill core will cause these spring steel elements 20 to engage in the drill core in the radial direction, curve towards the central axis of the sleeve 17 and form a collecting basket for the drill core so that it is held securely in the sleeve 17 and is secured against slipping out downwards, i.e. core loss in loose rock is reliably prevented. A radial bore 46 for the flushing water that comes out of the sleeve adapter 21 can be seen at the upper edge area of the sleeve 17 .

FIG. 18 shows the sleeve 17 or the drill core catcher seen obliquely from above and here it can be seen that there are two diametrically aligned bores 46 which are introduced into the sleeve 17 in the upper edge region. When the sleeve 17 is slipped over the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21, these two bores 46 come to rest over the radial bores 43 in the lower part 24, so that the flushing water, which flows out of the end faces of the fixing bolt used there, flows from the inside of the adapter 21 finally penetrates to the outside, and through these aligned bores 46 in the upper area of the sleeve 17 to the outside. This flushing water takes on several functions. First, it cools the sleeve adapter 21, which is heated due to the sliding friction between the rotating base body 22, the plastic hard rubber slide ring 36 and the stationary receiving ring 23 and lower part 24, as well as due to the ramming impacts. It also lubricates between the outside of the non-rotatable sleeve 17 and the inside of the starting tube 8 rotating around the sleeve, and finally it conveys spoil from underneath the drill bit 10 radially outwards and then on the outside of the starting tube 8 upwards. The borehole is thus continuously flushed and the start pipe 8 is also lubricated and cooled on the outside. Depending on the conditions, however, it is also possible to drill dry.

19 shows an unrolled in the relaxed state insert with spring steel elements 20, which form a comb here to a certain extent. This comb is rolled longitudinally and then inserted down into the sleeve 17 where it rests on an internal shoulder 58 as can be seen in FIG.

The individual parts of the drilling system are thus disclosed and described. As does drilling and retrieving a drill core from loose subsoil work with this drilling system? For this purpose, the entire method is explained using a sequence of images, for example, as can be seen in FIGS. 20 to 36.

Figure 20 first shows the exposed starting pipe 8 with the sleeve 17 located therein and the hollow pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 screwed onto it by means of the sleeve adapter 21. Shown above is the drill head 5, which here has a flange 47 is set in rotation by the hydraulic drill drive of the hammer drill 2 . If required, drill pipe sections can be used as extension pipes for the drill pipe 9 between this drill head 5 and the lowest section, the starting pipe 8, depending on the desired drilling depth. The drill head 5 is screwed directly onto the starting pipe 8 at the beginning. Then it is drilled until the starting pipe 8 is almost drilled into the ground. Then the drill head 5 is unscrewed from the starting pipe 8 by a counter-rotation. If the initial pipe 8, when it is in the ground, is exposed as shown here, i.e. the drill head 5 with the drive flange 47 is removed, the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 with the sleeve 17 hanging from it below can be pushed out axially be pulled out of the starting tube 8, as shown in Figure 21, where the sleeve adapter 21 just appears. In FIG. 22, the adapter 21 has been completely pulled out of the starting pipe 8 from the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 together with the sleeve 17 hanging thereon or the drill core catcher. Here you can see an end face of the fixing bolt 48, which holds the sleeve 17 securely on the sleeve adapter 21. In this state, the sleeve 17 is pulled up from the starting pipe 8 with the help of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19, finally to the surface.

Arriving at the top of the surface, as shown in FIG. 23, the fixing bolt 48 is knocked out of the bore 43 in the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21 or pulled out or pushed out, as has already been done in the view shown. Only the empty diametric bore 43 on the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21 is visible here. Securing bolts 34 are inserted in two bores 38 made at right angles to the bore 43 and have at the front a ball 40 which is pressure-loaded by means of a compression spring, as can be seen in FIG. The fixing bolt 48 is against the resistance of these pressure-loaded balls 40 at the front knocked the safety bolt 34 out of the diametral bore 43, as is clear from FIG.

The figure 24 shows the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21 enlarged with a view into the diametral bore 43 for the fixing bolt 48, which is shown separately next to it. However, in order to be inserted into the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21, this must first be rotated by 45° around its longitudinal axis, as indicated by an arrow. Channel-like longitudinal grooves 50 are cut out of this fixing bolt 48 on two opposite sides. These spring-loaded balls 40 (Figure 16) of the securing bolts 34 fit into these recesses 56 and only if the fixing bolt 48 receives a sufficiently strong blow in the longitudinal direction can it overcome the securing of the spring-loaded balls 40 by pushing back and can then be pushed out of the bore 43 or be pulled while its longitudinal grooves 50 slide past the balls 40 to the outside. As can be seen here, the fixing bolt 48 has a central transverse bore 49 which communicates with an axial bore 55 . These bores 49, 55 serve to guide the flushing water, which enters the sleeve adapter 21 from above through the axial bore 51 through the transverse bore 49 into the fixing bolt 48 and is then guided outwards in this along the axial bore 55 from its end faces. On the sleeve 17 in FIG. 25 one can still see one of the bores 46, into which the fixing bolt 48 previously engaged and held it, through which the flushing water emerges.

After the sleeve 17 or the core catcher was brought to the surface in a horizontal position and the inner core was carefully pushed mechanically or hydraulically with a piston out of the sleeve 17 onto a kannel-shaped core carrier, this core is almost undisturbed. The empty sleeve 17 can be used again immediately for the removal of a next drill core, or an empty sleeve 17 lying ready can be used again immediately. In a variant, a liner can be inserted into the sleeve 17, which then lines the sleeve 17 on the inside and into which a drill core grows. In this case, the salvaged drill core is pushed out of the sleeve 17 together with the liner and is then absolutely intact like a Mettwurst. Individual slices can be cut off in tranches in order to structure of the drill core and how it changes throughout its length. If a sleeve 17 together with the drill core is brought to the surface during the process, after the sleeve 17 has been separated from the sleeve adapter 21, an empty sleeve 17 can be connected to the sleeve adapter 21 immediately and without any delay and this can immediately be lowered back into the starting pipe 8 in the borehole and thus drilling can continue without having to interrupt the drilling work as a result of removing cores from the salvaged sleeve 17 .

Figure 25 shows how the sleeve adapter 21 is connected to an empty sleeve 17 by being lowered into it, and when the bore 43 on the sleeve adapter 21 is aligned with the bore 46 on the sleeve 17, the fixing bolt 48 can be used and the sleeve 17 is ready to be lowered into the initial pipe 8 with the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19. This lowering is shown in FIG. As soon as the sleeve 17 has been fully inserted into the starting tube 8, that is to say it is in contact with the drill bit 10 at the bottom, the next step follows, as shown in FIG. A drill pipe 9 as an extension pipe is placed over the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 and lowered onto the initial pipe 8, as shown in FIG. 28, and then screwed onto the initial pipe 8, as shown in FIG. After screwing has taken place, the situation according to FIG. 30 arises. Finally, as shown in FIG. 31, the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe adapter 18 of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 is plugged in or screwed on, and then, from the situation as shown in FIG screwed onto the drive flange 47, as shown in FIG. The details of this are shown in FIGS. 34 to 36.

As can be seen from this description and the figures, the pressure, flushing and salvage pipe 19 rightly bears its name. First, when drilling, it rotates uniformly with the drill pipe 9 or starter pipe 8, and the sleeve adapter 21 at its lower end provides communication with the stationary sleeve 17 or core catcher. The hard ramming impacts on the pressure, flushing and salvage pipe 19 are transferred reliably and directly from the sleeve adapter 21 to the sleeve 17 or the drill core catcher. This is thus pressed down with the same pressure as the drill bit 10, which ensures that the sleeve 17 is continuously drilled over the exposed drill core. The pressure, flushing and salvage pipe 19 therefore firstly fulfills a pressure function. During drilling, flushing water can be pumped down through the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 and this is conducted outwards through the sleeve adapter 21, i.e. first axially through the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19, then axially through the sleeve adapter 21 and finally radially, ie in the axial direction, through the diametrically inserted fixing bolt 48 to its two end faces and then through the bore 46 on the sleeve 17 to the outside. The pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 therefore also has a flushing function. If the task is to salvage the filled sleeve 17 with the drill core trapped therein, the sleeve 17 with the drill core located therein is salvaged after releasing the drill head 5 using the pressure, flushing and salvage pipe 19 . Thirdly, therefore, the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 also has a recovery function. It integrally combines these three important functions.

In the embodiment described so far, the pressure, flushing and salvage pipe 19 rotates with the drill head 5 and the drill pipe 9 and the sleeve adapter 21 mediates to the non-rotating or non-rotating sleeve 17 by having two axially consecutive parts that are rotatable against each other. A sealing ring 36 made of hard plastic rubber is preferably arranged between the axially consecutive parts. If a turntable body constructed similarly to this sleeve adapter - henceforth referred to as a drill head adapter - is screwed in an alternative embodiment with its threaded stump into the bore in the drill head 5, which has an internal thread for this purpose, the upper part of this turntable Body or drill head adapter with the drill head 5, while the lower, relative to the upper part rotatable part remains stationary. In the same way as the lower part of the sleeve adapter 21 already presented, it is connected to the now upper end of the rotating, flushing and recovery tube 19, with a fixing bolt, which then does not require an axial bore, but only a transverse bore to allow the flushing water down. At the bottom, the pressure, flushing and salvage pipe 19 is then screwed to just a lower part of a sleeve adapter 21, for which purpose this lower part forms a threaded stump at the top and the rotating, flushing and salvage pipe 19 has an associated internal thread at the bottom. The lower part of the sleeve adapter 21 is connected to the sleeve 17, as already presented, via the fixing bolt 48 with its axial bore 55. Flushing takes place as usual from the drill head 5 through the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 and the lower part of the sleeve adapter 21 and then through the fixing bolt 48 to the outside. Also in this alternative embodiment, the pressure, flushing and recovery tube 19 performs the three functions mentioned above, namely firstly applying pressure to the sleeve 17, secondly flushing and thus cooling, and thirdly recovering the sleeve 17 when it is filled is, that is, to pull them up into the light of day. And despite the fact that the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe 19 does not rotate in this embodiment, if the sleeve 17 rotates a few angular degrees over a drill core during drilling, it can also rotate and the drill head adapter as a In this case, the rotary disk body at the top with its two axially consecutive parts that can be rotated relative to one another mediates to the rotating drill head 5.

With the method according to the invention for core drilling in loose to solid ground and for taking drill or soil samples from the same, as well as the device according to the invention for carrying out this method, almost undisturbed drill or soil samples can be taken, which enables optimal evaluation and allows analysis of their content.

number index

1 Hammer drill output shaft

2 hydraulic hammer drill drive

3 threads on the output shaft 1

4 drilling system

5 drilling head

6 axial bore on drill head

7 radial hole on drill head (bleed)

8 start pipe

9 drill pipe, extension for drill pipe

10 drill bit

11 External thread at the bottom of the drill tube/extension tube 9

12 female threads on top of drill tube/extension tube 9

13 drill bit segments spiked with carbide

14 sloping surface on clearing elements 15

15 overburden elements

16 paragraph, radial overhang

17 sleeve, core catcher

18 Pressure, Flushing and Recovery Tube Adapters

19 pressure, flushing and recovery pipe

20 spring steel elements on the lower inner edge of the core catcher 17

21 Sleeve adapter between pressure, flushing and recovery pipe and sleeve/core catcher 17

22 basic body above to sleeve adapter 21

23 Retaining ring for sleeve adapter 21

24 Lower part for sleeve adapter 21

25 sliding sleeve to sleeve adapter 21

26 circlip, preferably DIN 471 -65 x 2.5

27 Rubber washer below to sleeve adapter 21

28 Washer to sleeve adapter 21

29 steel washer below to sleeve adapter 21

30 spring washers, preferably DIN 128 - A8 31 Screw, preferably hexagon screw with thread up to head ISO 4017 - M8 x 20

32 Cylindrical pin, preferably NW 8 x 25mm with internal thread M5

33 Pressure ring to sleeve adapter 21

34 safety bolt with pressure ball 40

35 threaded stub on top of sleeve adapter 21

36 upper sealing ring, preferably made of plastic hard rubber

37 Axial bore in drill head 5

38 Hole for safety bolt 34

39 Seeger ring for safety bolt 34

40 pressure-loaded ball at the front of the safety pin 34

41 radial bores all around the stationary mounting ring 23 of the sleeve adapter 21

42 radial bores all around the stationary lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21

43 Hole on the stationary base for fixing bolts 48

44 Shoulder at the top of the base body 22 of the sleeve adapter 21

45 ring groove at the lower end of the base body 22

46 diametral hole at the top of the sleeve 17

47 Drive flange on the drill head 5

48 Fixing bolts in the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21

49 Cross hole in the fixing bolt 48

50 Longitudinal groove on the fixing bolt 48

51 axial bore in the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21 for the flushing water

52 Inner wall of the axial bore in the pressure, flushing and recovery adapter 18

53 Pressure, flushing and recovery pipe section as an extension pipe

54 O-ring groove on pressure, flushing and recovery tube adapter 18

55 axial bore in the fixing bolt 48

56 indentation halfway along the longitudinal groove 50

Claims

24 patent claims

1. Method for core drilling in loose to solid ground and for taking samples from the same, in which with a drilling system (4) with a starting pipe (8) and a drill bit (10) attached to it at the bottom, and with a possible attachable drill pipe (9). one or more drill pipe sections, the starting pipe (8) is drilled into the ground by rotation and superimposed ramming, with a sleeve (17) or a drill core catcher moving along axially with the starting pipe (8) inside the starting pipe (8), characterized in that that a) the starting pipe (8) with its drill bit (10) arranged at the end and any drill pipe (9) is drilled into the ground in a rotating and percussive manner via a drivable drill head (5) that can be subjected to ramming impacts, while the sleeve (17) is held in the starting pipe (8) as a result of the drill core growing relatively into the sleeve (17) by the same without rotation and is pressed down from above by a pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19), so that the sleeve (17) travels downwards in the axial direction with the starting pipe (8) and a drill core thus grows into the interior of the sleeve (17), the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19) being connected either to the starting pipe (8) and any drill pipe (9) rotates and pressure is applied to the sleeve (17) via a sleeve adapter (21) with parts that can be rotated relative to one another without rotation, or a rotary disk body as a drill head adapter is connected to the rotating drill head (5) at the top and rotates and the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19) acts on the sleeve (17) without rotation, b) after the sleeve (17) has been filled, the drill head (5) is lifted off the starting pipe (8) or any drill pipe (9) and screwed away of a drill pipe (9) that may still be above the ground above the initial pipe (8), the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19) is exposed and pulled out of the initial pipe (8) together with the sleeve (17) and the sleeve (17 ) from the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19). is resolved. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that after step b) c) an empty sleeve (17) is connected to the bottom of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19) and is suspended from the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19). the starting pipe (8) is lowered and, depending on the drilling depth, one or more sections of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19) are used as extension pipes (53) and correspondingly one or more drill pipe sections for the drill pipe (9) and attached to the drill head (5) are coupled, d) drilling continues until the sleeve (17) is filled, whereupon step b) is repeated, and wherein parallel or with a time delay to these processes from the recovered sleeves (17) the drill cores are removed in the horizontal position of the sleeves ( 17) are ejected from the same mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically into suitable lying channel pipe sections. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the lower end of the sleeve (17) spring steel elements (20) initially directed towards the center into the interior of its lower mouth area are slipped over and into the sleeve when the sleeve (17) is lowered (17) drill sample growing into it are swung up, and which spring steel elements (20) hold back the drill core in the sleeve (17) when the sleeve (17) is pulled out. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that no fixing rod is installed to hold the sleeve (17) in place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that connecting or detaching the starting pipe (8) and any drilling pipe (9) and the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19) by a mechanically driven by a rotary drive - and the drill head (5) is unscrewed. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, with a rotary drive with a rotatable drill head (5) that can be subjected to impacts from above with a ram, whose torque acts on an initial pipe (8) with a drill bit (10) arranged at the end and on a possible top The drill pipe (9) connected to the starter pipe (8) can be transferred from one or more drill pipe sections, characterized in that a sleeve (17) or a drill core catcher is positioned in a non-rotating manner within the starter pipe (8), the sleeve (17) having a Sleeve adapter (21) with parts that can be rotated in opposite directions and a pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19) connected to it is connected to the rotating drill head (5) with pressure and traction, with either the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19) rotating with it is connected to the drill head (5) and the sleeve (17) from the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19) via the sleeve (17) detachable sleeve adapter (21) with pressure beaufschla gbar, or the pressure, flushing and salvage pipe (19) is non-rotatingly connected to the drill head (5) and the sleeve (17) can be pressurized by the pressure, flushing and salvage pipe (19) while a rotary disk - Body as a drilling head adapter with parts that can be rotated in opposite directions at the top of the pressure, flushing and recovery pipe (19) and is connected to the rotating drilling head (5). Device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the lower end of the sleeve (17) rests without rotation on a radially inwardly projecting projection (16) on the upper end of the core bit (10) rotating along with the starting pipe (8). Device according to one of Claims 6 to 7, characterized in that no fixing rod for holding the sleeve (17) is installed. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that 27 the sleeve (17) in its lower mouth area has spring steel elements (20) protruding into the interior for securing the core that has been picked up. 10. Device according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the mutually rotatable parts of the sleeve adapter (21) or the rotary disc body are axially consecutive as a drill head adapter, with an intermediate sealing ring (36) made of plastic hard rubber.