EP4212786A1 - Procédé de dégivrage d'une grille d'entrée d'air d'un évaporateur d'une pompe à chaleur à air, dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et produit programme informatique - Google Patents

Procédé de dégivrage d'une grille d'entrée d'air d'un évaporateur d'une pompe à chaleur à air, dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et produit programme informatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4212786A1
EP4212786A1 EP23151866.3A EP23151866A EP4212786A1 EP 4212786 A1 EP4212786 A1 EP 4212786A1 EP 23151866 A EP23151866 A EP 23151866A EP 4212786 A1 EP4212786 A1 EP 4212786A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
evaporator
air
air inlet
inlet grille
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23151866.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Lebernegg
Frank Dziwak
Luis Decker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4212786A1 publication Critical patent/EP4212786A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
    • F24F11/42—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of outdoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
    • F24F11/43—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of indoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/79—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling the direction of the supplied air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F2007/005—Cyclic ventilation, e.g. alternating air supply volume or reversing flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for defrosting an air inlet grille exposed to the ambient air of a heat exchanger or an evaporator of an air heat pump, which extracts heat from the ambient air during normal operation.
  • B for heating a building and / or for heating domestic water.
  • Ambient air is always understood here as the outside air, outside of buildings, even if the evaporator or heat exchanger itself is arranged in a building, for example a frost-free installation room. In such a case, the evaporator or heat exchanger is also traversed by outside air, which is conducted via suitable flow paths.
  • the invention further relates to a computer program product for executing a method for defrosting an evaporator or heat exchanger of an air heat pump.
  • an evaporator of an air heat pump has a very cold coolant flowing through it inside, the temperature of which is significantly below that of the ambient air, heat being extracted from the ambient air and evaporating the coolant.
  • parts of the outer surface of the evaporator can assume temperatures below the freezing point of water.
  • This also applies accordingly to other heat exchangers that use brine as a heat transfer medium, for example.
  • moisture from the air water vapor
  • this ice increases in thickness, it impedes heat exchange and can even lead to mechanical damage to the evaporator or heat exchanger. It is therefore customary to defrost icy evaporators or heat exchangers as required or periodically.
  • a heat pump can be operated in reverse (it then works like an air conditioner or refrigerator), whereby the inner surface of the evaporator (which then serves as a kind of condenser) is heated and ice on its outer surface is thawed as a result. The ice turns into liquid water, which drips off and can be drained away.
  • icing occurs on evaporators or heat exchangers exposed to the ambient air, especially at low ambient temperatures, in particular at temperatures of the ambient air below the freezing point of water. This makes defrosting more difficult, while unfavorable wind conditions (wind direction and speed are important parameters) can cause additional difficulties.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to at least partially alleviate the problems described with reference to the prior art.
  • the invention should include the creation of a method and a device for carrying out this method for defrosting or de-icing an air inlet grille of an evaporator or heat exchanger of an air heat pump and an associated computer program product. Additional or extensive equipment of the air heat pump should be avoided as far as possible.
  • a method for defrosting an air inlet grille of an evaporator or heat exchanger of an air heat pump contributes to this, in which during and/or (chronologically) after defrosting of the evaporator or heat exchanger and before it cools down again, a reverse flow of air is directed through the evaporator to the air inlet grille and through it is produced.
  • the method for defrosting the air inlet grille can be automatically linked to a defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger. It can be provided that the defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger starts first and then, possibly after a sensory check of environmental parameters and/or a predetermined time interval, the method for defrosting the air inlet grille is initiated. It is possible that the defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger ends first and then, possibly after a sensory check of ambient parameters and/or a predetermined time interval, the method for defrosting the air inlet grille is ended.
  • the procedure for defrosting the air intake grille and the defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger partially overlap in time, In particular, it can be provided that there is at least one time period in which only the defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger is carried out. It is possible that the defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger is completed first and then (possibly immediately) the defrosting of the air inlet grille is initiated (and ended again later). In particular, it is provided that not every defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger automatically involves a (simultaneous and/or overlapping) execution of the defrosting of the air inlet grille. Methods and devices are set up in particular in such a way that, for a defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger, defrosting of the air inlet grille can be initiated or omitted as desired.
  • the defrosting of the air inlet grille includes a targeted or sufficiently intensive heat transport from the evaporator or heat exchanger (or their immediate vicinity) to the air inlet grille, which takes place by means of the reverse air flow.
  • the reversed air flow runs (unlike in normal operation of the air heat pump) from the evaporator or heat exchanger (or their immediate vicinity) to the air inlet grille.
  • the air inlet grille regularly represents a boundary to the outside environment of the heat pump, so that the reverse air flow when defrosting the air inlet grille is at least partially directed through the air inlet grille into the outside environment.
  • the defrosting of the air inlet grille is designed in such a way that ice build-up can actually be defrosted and not just a thin layer of frost.
  • the above-mentioned sensory testing of environmental parameters can include the following, for example: It is measured and checked whether a predefined humidity and/or temperature limit value has currently been reached. A measurement is carried out in particular using temperature and/or humidity sensors, and their measurement signals can be evaluated. A reverse flow of air can e.g. B. (only) then activated, if the formation of frost formations or ice build-up on the air inlet grille is likely due to the climatic environmental conditions, e.g. B at an air temperature below 7°C and/or relative humidity above 80% r. f.
  • the air heat pump is preferably switched over for or during defrosting, so that heat is supplied to the evaporator instead of being taken from the ambient air there. This switchover can be maintained until the air inlet grille has also (mainly or even completely) been defrosted.
  • the changeover that has traditionally been used to defrost the evaporator can also provide enough heat under most conditions to also defrost the air intake grille when needed.
  • an electric heater can also be used during defrosting, particularly in the case of heat exchangers or non-switchable systems. This means in particular that for the defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger, an electric heater can be provided and activated, which generates an increase in the temperature (of the ambient air) at the evaporator or heat exchanger, which is then (partially) transported by the reversed air flow to the air inlet grille.
  • the direction of flow of an existing fan of the air-to-air heat pump is switched over to generate the reverse air flow. This does not require any additional components or devices if the fan already allows switching due to its design, otherwise this could possibly also be adjusted accordingly in a computer program product for controlling the fan and/or the air heat pump. Otherwise, a separate fan can be switched on, which can have a significantly lower output than the actual fan.
  • a reverse flow of air from the evaporator or heat exchanger to the air inlet grille is maintained during the entire defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger and air inlet grille. This means a time saving compared to successive defrosting processes. If the air flow is weak and its strength is maintained by suitable control, even against and with wind, the heat losses to the environment caused by the reverse air flow are small.
  • the reverse air flow should have such a (flow) speed that the flowing air, after passing through the air inlet grille, is 1 to 10 K [Kelvin], preferably 3 to 6 K, above the freezing point of water there.
  • defrosting of the air inlet grille is thus ensured, but an unnecessarily large amount of energy is not released to the environment through the air inlet grille.
  • the air flow through the evaporator and/or the air inlet grille is observed and compared with reference data to detect the need to defrost the air inlet grille and/or a degree of icing that is still present during defrosting of the air inlet grille when the evaporator or heat exchanger has already been defrosted.
  • all sensors that are typically present in an (air heat pump) system anyway and serve to monitor the function of the air heat pump can be used. If the air flow through the evaporator is detected directly and/or indirectly by sensors, it is not easy to distinguish between icing of the evaporator or heat exchanger and one of the air inlet grille, since both impede the air flow.
  • a (partial) blockage of the flow cross section of the air inlet grille can be detected directly or indirectly by suitable sensors and the reverse air flow can then be activated if necessary.
  • a sensor signal evaluation and evaluation can be carried out or executed by a control unit. If the sensor signal limit values stored in the control unit are not reached or exceeded at the time of evaluation, the air inlet grille is automatically defrosted (possibly first the defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger is activated and then). In particular, a sensor signal evaluation can also take place over time (trend evaluation) and defrosting of the air inlet grille can be activated when defined threshold values are reached.
  • the air inlet grille is adjustable (in terms of the free flow cross section and/or the direction of flow) and is brought into a position during defrosting that opposes the reverse air flow with a higher flow resistance than when the air inlet grille is completely open.
  • the air inlet grille is adjustable (in terms of the free flow cross section and/or the direction of flow) and is brought into a position during defrosting that opposes the reverse air flow with a higher flow resistance than when the air inlet grille is completely open.
  • a device for defrosting an air inlet grille of an evaporator or heat exchanger of an air heat pump also contributes to solving the problem, the evaporator or heat exchanger being at least one in its flow direction associated with a reversible fan and/or a separate fan, which is set up to generate and maintain a reverse flow of air through the evaporator or heat exchanger to the air inlet grille during and/or after a defrosting process of the evaporator or heat exchanger.
  • This can preferably be achieved by an axial fan whose direction of rotation can be switched and regulated.
  • the reverse air flow can be measured and regulated to a desired value, which means that different wind and weather conditions can also be compensated for or taken into account.
  • the air inlet grille is adjustable (mechanically or electrically), it can be set up in such a way that it assumes an at least partially closed position during a defrosting process. In other words, this means in particular that the flow cross section or the maximum throughput (given the same ambient conditions) through the air inlet grille is/is reduced. This enables more effective defrosting with less heat loss to the environment.
  • At least one sensor for measuring at least one parameter of an air flow through the evaporator or heat exchanger and air inlet grille, from whose measured value compared to reference data (calibration data) icing of the air inlet grille can be determined, at least when the evaporator or heat exchanger has just been defrosted.
  • reference data calibration data
  • the measured values of several sensors are used for control, which also provide information about icing of the evaporator or heat exchanger and air inlet grille.
  • An inlet sensor for pressure and/or flow rate (volume flow) is preferably arranged between the air inlet grille and the evaporator or heat exchanger. Such a direct measurement is the easiest way to diagnose the condition of the entrance grille.
  • the invention can be used particularly sensibly for evaporators and air inlet grilles of air heat pumps, because with these, fast and effective defrosting processes are important, especially in winter when outside temperatures are low, so that the actual function of heating for defrosting does not have to be interrupted for long and not too much additional (possibly electrical) energy has to be used for defrosting.
  • the method used for defrosting and the energy used to heat the evaporator are not important for the invention.
  • the invention can also be used for air inlet grilles arranged remotely from the evaporator or heat exchanger (and in exceptional cases, analogously, however, then without reversing the air flow also for air outlet grilles, which, however, are hardly at risk of icing).
  • a computer program product comprising instructions that cause the devices described to execute the methods described using suitable means.
  • the device can include a controller or a processor that can implement the commands of the computer program product and can thus, for example, control the motor.
  • This computer program product can be used in a central electronic control (or as an update thereof) in order to coordinate all processes with the devices according to the invention described.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a typical application of the invention. This occurs mainly with air heat pumps with an evaporator, which is used here as an example. But there are other use cases, e.g. B. in air-brine heat exchangers with a similar problem.
  • a refrigerant circuit 8 extracts heat from the ambient air 20 by means of an evaporator 3 .
  • Refrigerant flows through the evaporator 3, which is compressed in the circuit by a compressor 9, gives off heat in a heat exchanger 10 to a heating circuit (not shown) and is expanded in an expansion valve 11, thereby liquefying and being cooled very strongly.
  • Ambient air 20 is directed through the evaporator 3 in a forward airflow V by means of a blower 4 (or fan) with a motor 7 .
  • the heat contained in the ambient air and thus transferred evaporates the refrigerant in the evaporator 3 again.
  • the evaporator 3 is very cold during operation, namely z. B. 10 to 30 K below the freezing point of water, which is why moisture from the ambient air 20, at least in unfavorable weather conditions, freeze there and form a layer of ice. This hinders the transfer of heat and can lead to damage, which is why the evaporator 3 must be defrosted if necessary. Defrosted ice drips into a collecting pan 6 as water and is discharged from there.
  • the drip tray 6 must also be heatable in order to prevent it from icing up.
  • these well-known and mastered processes in which the evaporator 3 is temporarily heated using various methods, have not yet taken into account that the evaporator 3 is typically housed in an evaporator housing 1 (or in a suitable installation room), with the ambient air 20 passing through an air inlet grille 2 enters the evaporator housing 1 (or a shaft leading to the installation room), which in turn can also ice up.
  • This can be caused by the weather (snow, freezing rain, etc.), but also by physical proximity to the evaporator 3, which cools the air inlet grille 2 at least during a downtime after an operating phase and can thus contribute to the freezing of humidity.
  • this also applies to an air outlet 5, but this is typically flowed through by very dry air during operation because air humidity at the evaporator 3 has at least partially been frozen out, so that there is hardly any icing problem at the air outlet 5).
  • a reverse flow of air U is passed through the evaporator 3 to the air inlet grille 2 and through this during and/or after defrosting the evaporator 3 . This does not necessarily have to be done with every defrosting process, but only if an analysis of sensor data provides indications of an iced air inlet grille 2 .
  • At least one entry sensor 12 can be very useful for this purpose.
  • B. either the pressure or the volume flow between the air inlet grille 2 and evaporator 3 measures. In conjunction with at least one corresponding outlet sensor 13, statements about the icing of the evaporator 3 and the air inlet grille 2 can be obtained.
  • the entry sensor 12 is connected to a control and regulation unit 18 via a measuring line 14 connected, as well as the exit sensor 13 via a measuring line 15.
  • the motor 7 of the blower 4 is also connected via a combined measuring and control line 16 to the control and regulation unit 18, so that on the one hand information z.
  • B. receives the speed and power consumption of the fan 4, on the other hand can give control commands to the fan 4, in which direction and how much it should promote ambient air 20.
  • Further sensors 21 can be connected to the control and regulation unit 18 via further sensor connections 17 .
  • Much information can be used in diagnosing the condition of the evaporator 3 and air inlet grille 2, in particular data on the respective efficiency of the air source heat pump compared to an expected efficiency under given conditions.
  • reference values can be stored in the control and regulation unit 18, with which actually measured parameters can be compared in order to identify whether icing is present and, if so, whether it is occurring on the evaporator 3 and/or on the air inlet grille 2 .
  • the fan 4 is activated during and/or after the defrosting of the evaporator 3 to generate a reverse flow U, provided the design of the fan allows this (e.g. with an axial fan), or a separate blower 19 is switched on (with the blower 4 switched off) in order to generate the reverse air flow U.
  • the reverse air flow U is typically significantly weaker than the maximum possible forward air flow V, which is illustrated by the corresponding length of the associated arrows. It is usually less than 10%, possibly 1 to 5% of the maximum forward air flow V. Therefore, a separate fan 19 that may be required can be significantly smaller than the fan 4 for normal operation.
  • the air inlet grille 2 is adjustable, e.g. B. in the form of lamellae and can be opened more or less wide, sometimes even completely closed.
  • Such an adjustable air inlet grille 2, which also serves as a weather protection grille, should not be completely closed while it is being defrosted (otherwise you could not generate a reverse air flow U), but it should not be completely open either, since then more heat is released into the environment than is necessary. An almost closed position supports an efficient defrosting process.
  • the present invention allows an air inlet grille 2 in front of an evaporator 3, which is iced up due to weather conditions and/or operation, to be defrosted even at very low ambient temperatures below the freezing point of water and/or unfavorable wind conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)
EP23151866.3A 2022-01-17 2023-01-17 Procédé de dégivrage d'une grille d'entrée d'air d'un évaporateur d'une pompe à chaleur à air, dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et produit programme informatique Pending EP4212786A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022100912.2A DE102022100912A1 (de) 2022-01-17 2022-01-17 Verfahren zum Abtauen eines Lufteintrittsgitters eines Verdampfers einer Luft-Wärmepumpe, Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und Computerprogrammprodukt

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4212786A1 true EP4212786A1 (fr) 2023-07-19

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23151866.3A Pending EP4212786A1 (fr) 2022-01-17 2023-01-17 Procédé de dégivrage d'une grille d'entrée d'air d'un évaporateur d'une pompe à chaleur à air, dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et produit programme informatique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4212786A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022100912A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS529262U (fr) * 1975-07-08 1977-01-22
EP0027604A2 (fr) * 1979-10-22 1981-04-29 Carrier Corporation Système de réfrigération à deux circuits de réfrigération
EP0104306A1 (fr) * 1982-09-28 1984-04-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Österreich Pompe à chaleur
EP3156737A1 (fr) * 2015-05-22 2017-04-19 GD Midea Heating & Ventilating Equipment Co., Ltd. Procédé de commande de dégivrage et dispositif de commande de dégivrage pour climatiseur
CN104819610B (zh) * 2015-04-30 2017-11-07 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 空调器化霜控制装置及方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS529262U (fr) * 1975-07-08 1977-01-22
EP0027604A2 (fr) * 1979-10-22 1981-04-29 Carrier Corporation Système de réfrigération à deux circuits de réfrigération
EP0104306A1 (fr) * 1982-09-28 1984-04-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Österreich Pompe à chaleur
CN104819610B (zh) * 2015-04-30 2017-11-07 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 空调器化霜控制装置及方法
EP3156737A1 (fr) * 2015-05-22 2017-04-19 GD Midea Heating & Ventilating Equipment Co., Ltd. Procédé de commande de dégivrage et dispositif de commande de dégivrage pour climatiseur

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Publication number Publication date
DE102022100912A1 (de) 2023-07-20

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