EP4210485A1 - Procédé de traitement de plantes - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement de plantes

Info

Publication number
EP4210485A1
EP4210485A1 EP21773502.6A EP21773502A EP4210485A1 EP 4210485 A1 EP4210485 A1 EP 4210485A1 EP 21773502 A EP21773502 A EP 21773502A EP 4210485 A1 EP4210485 A1 EP 4210485A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
applicator
plant
unit
leaves
period
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21773502.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Fabian Effey
Ronny Galonska
Achim Andres
Peter Frings
Matthias Eberius
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CropZone GmbH
Original Assignee
CropZone GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CropZone GmbH filed Critical CropZone GmbH
Publication of EP4210485A1 publication Critical patent/EP4210485A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
    • A01M21/04—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
    • A01M21/046—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity by electricity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating plants, in particular for drying crops or for controlling green manure.
  • Desiccation is understood to mean a procedure in agriculture in which crop stands with desiccants are killed in order to accelerate ripening.
  • a welcome side effect is the simultaneous killing of weeds, whose still green plant parts would otherwise be harvested with e.g. grain and increase the moisture content of the harvested crop.
  • Crops are crops that are grown in fields.
  • Field crops include cereals, root crops and legumes, oilseeds or plants for green harvesting, which are used as animal feed or, like silo maize, for energy production.
  • Green manure is the targeted cultivation of plants to improve the soil in arable farming, fruit growing, viticulture and horticulture. Unlike useful plants, the plants are usually not harvested but mulched or plowed under.
  • two metallic applicators are used in order to keep at least the electrical resistance at the contact point as low as possible. Furthermore, in some cases the circuit is not closed by a second contact on plants with the opposite pole, but by electrodes cutting into the ground.
  • Such applicators are also referred to as long-range applicators (long-range applicators, also tongue applicators or LRB (from English “Long Range Blade”). Such applicators have a distance of 0.8 m-1 m.
  • pairs of lamellar applicators made of elastic spring steel, arranged in two rows one behind the other, made electrical contact with the plants.
  • the two applicators in an applicator pair have different polarities and conduct electricity through the plant, soil and mostly back through the plants. Since the applicators are elastic and adapt individually to uneven floors, they should have a corresponding minimum distance depending on their degree of freedom of movement so that direct applicator contacts or arcing do not occur. At the same time, however, this also results in long conduction paths with considerable ohmic resistance and high power consumption when the flow through long plant parts and the soil and long current paths through the soil.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a method with the steps:
  • Electric direct current is understood to be an electric current free from a change in polarity or current direction change.
  • the current strength can change, ie the electrical direct current can also be a pulsating direct current, such as a Direct current that was obtained by rectifying an alternating current or three-phase current and has a residual ripple.
  • an applicator unit with at least three applicators and an alternating polarity sequence is used to apply electrical direct current to the shoot axis and/or the leaves of the plant can surprisingly result in a particularly efficient treatment of plants, in particular for desiccation of crops or for green manure control reduced energy consumption can be achieved.
  • direct electrical current also allows a further reduction in the respective distance between immediately adjacent applicator units, since phase shifts in the electrical current between adjacent applicator units cannot occur, as is the case when alternating electrical current is used.
  • Essentially stationary is understood to mean that slight movements of the applicators are possible, but, for example, a distance between the first applicator and the second applicator and a distance between the second applicator and the third applicator changes only slightly, for example by 3%, 5% or 10% of the value of the respective distance.
  • the shoot axis and/or leaves of the plant can be viewed as a resistive load, which is switched on by the contacting, while a no-load case is established by decontacting.
  • these load fluctuations are essentially compensated for or compensated for.
  • a substantially constant electrical power is understood to mean that a power control compensates for power fluctuations within a predetermined time in order to return to a predetermined target power.
  • a first applicator unit is used, in which the first applicator, the second applicator and the third applicator are arranged one after the other at a distance from one another transversely to a direction of movement of the applicator unit.
  • first the first applicator, then the second applicator and finally the third applicator successively traverse a reference point on the ground.
  • a second applicator unit in which a first applicator, a second applicator and a third applicator are arranged at a distance from one another along a direction of movement of the second applicator unit.
  • the first applicator and/or the second applicator and/or the third applicator simultaneously cross a reference axis on the ground.
  • such a first applicator unit and such a second applicator unit are used, with the first applicator unit applying direct electric current to a shoot axis and/or leaves of a plant for a first period of time, the shoot axis and/or the Leaves of the plant are subjected to direct electrical current for a second period of time, the second period of time being longer than the first period of time when the shoot axis and/or leaves of the plant extend essentially in a direction transverse to the direction of advance, and wherein the second Period of time is shorter than the first period of time when the shoot axis and/or leaves of the plant extend substantially in a longitudinal direction to the direction of advance.
  • two applicator units are used during operation, with the second applicator unit applying electrical direct current to plants which, due to their dimensions, can at most only be briefly applied to the first applicator unit with electrical direct current, e.g. because their dimensions in their longitudinal direction the direction of travel are too small to simultaneously contact at least two of the three applicators of the first applicator unit for a sufficient period of time. In this way, even plants with irregular growth can be reliably supplied with electrical direct current.
  • an electric field strength is provided between the first applicator and the second applicator which is greater than the electric field strength provided between the second applicator and the third applicator.
  • a distance between the first applicator and the second applicator, in particular the first applicator unit is smaller than a distance between the second applicator and the third applicator.
  • this combination of polarities reduces arcing between the first applicator and the second applicator.
  • arcing between the second applicator and the third applicator is increased. This is counteracted by an increased distance, which leads to a reduced electric field strength.
  • an essentially equally large electric field strength is provided between the first applicator and the second applicator and between the second applicator and the third applicator, in particular if the first applicator, the second applicator and the third applicator simultaneously touch the shoot axis and/or or contact the leaves of the plant.
  • a distance between the first applicator and the second applicator, in particular the second applicator unit can be the same size as a distance between the second applicator and the third applicator.
  • applicators each having a continuously formed outer surface are used.
  • a continuously formed outer surface means a surface without edges, projections or similar surface discontinuities. In this way, field strength peaks in the electrical field strength can be avoided and overall homogenization of the field strength profile can be achieved, which also leads to a reduction in arcing.
  • a constant power source which provides an electrical direct current with a ripple of 5% to 20%.
  • Ripple including residual ripple, is understood to mean an undesired AC voltage component despite smoothing by at least one smoothing capacitor.
  • the residual ripple can be load-dependent, i.e. a high load leads to a low residual ripple, while a small load leads to a high residual ripple.
  • an electrical direct current is used which is not constant over time, but which does not result in a reversal of the current direction or a change in polarity as in the case of an electrical alternating current.
  • the invention also includes a device for treating plants, an applicator unit for such a device, and a carrier vehicle such a device and a kit containing components of such a device.
  • Figure 1A and 1B an embodiment of a carrier vehicle of a device for treating plants.
  • FIG. 2 Components of a transformation and control unit of the device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
  • FIG. 3 shows an applicator unit according to a first exemplary embodiment for the device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
  • FIG. 4 shows an applicator unit according to a second exemplary embodiment for the device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
  • FIG. 5 shows an applicator unit according to a third exemplary embodiment for the device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
  • FIG. 6 shows an applicator unit according to a fourth exemplary embodiment for the device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
  • FIG. 7 shows one of the applicator units shown in FIG. 3 in operation.
  • FIG. 8 both of the applicator units shown in FIG. 3 in operation.
  • FIG. 9 shows one of the applicator units shown in FIG. 4 in operation.
  • FIG. 10 shows another exemplary embodiment of that shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment of that shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 12 shows a process sequence in a schematic representation.
  • FIG. 1A shows an arrangement of individual components of a device 1 according to the invention on an agricultural machine serving as a carrier vehicle 30 .
  • the device 1 can be used, for example, to effect desiccation by applying an electric current to plants. Provision can be made to reduce electrical contact resistances by prior application of a medium that reduces contact resistance, such as a corresponding liquid, before the electrical current is applied.
  • a medium that reduces contact resistance such as a corresponding liquid
  • Agricultural machines are specialized machines that are mainly used in agriculture. They may be self-propelled or pulled by an agricultural towing vehicle such as a tractor. In other words, the agricultural machine can be a self-propelled towing vehicle or a non-propelled trailer that is towed by a towing vehicle.
  • the carrier vehicle 30 is designed as a tractor. Deviating from the present exemplary embodiment, the carrier vehicle 30 can also be designed as a fertilising, sowing or harvesting machine, which is modified by attaching the components of the device 1 became.
  • the components of the device 1 can also be provided in the form of a kit.
  • the device 1 and the carrier vehicle 30 may differ depending on the mode of use and the specific requirements of the crop in question and the time of treatment.
  • the device 1 has a first module 10 for applying a contact resistance-reducing medium 15 and a second module 20 for transmitting electrical direct current to plants.
  • the device 1 can also have only a second module 20 for transmitting electrical current to the plant parts.
  • the first module 10 is assigned to the towing vehicle and components of the second module 20 are assigned to the towing vehicle and the trailer.
  • the components of the second module 20 can also only be assigned to the trailer.
  • the contact resistance-lowering medium 15 is a contact resistance-lowering liquid.
  • the first module 10 is arranged on the front and the second module 20 on the rear of the carrier vehicle 30 .
  • This arrangement makes it possible for the application of the contact resistance-reducing medium 15 to always take place before or at the same time as the electrophysical treatment by applying electrical direct current.
  • the first module 10 has at least one application device that is designed as a nozzle 11 .
  • the application device can also be designed as a wiper (not shown), or alternatively itself as a wiper.
  • the application device is thus for spraying and stripping or applying the contact resistance-lowering medium 15, or alternatively for spraying or stripping.
  • the first module 10 has a number of jointly or preferably individually controllable nozzles 11 or scrapers on a first support structure 13 in a desired working width of the device 1 (eg 1, 5-48 m, preferably 6-27 m) and geometry (statically or flexibly mounted or sensor-controlled in terms of height) are arranged.
  • the nozzles 11 and/or wipers are supplied with the contact resistance-reducing medium 15, a liquid in the present exemplary embodiment, which is stored in one or more liquid containers 14.
  • Sensors 16 are arranged, among other things, in the area of the nozzles 11 (not shown), the data from which are used to control the quantity of the application of the medium 15 that reduces contact resistance, if required.
  • Further sensors 16 can be arranged on the front of the first module 10 (ie in the direction of travel) for the purpose of occupational safety. Current/voltage sensors, optical sensors, for example camera systems, position or movement sensors, LIDAR, metal detectors and others are used as sensors, without being restricted to these. Drones flying ahead can also be used to capture the plants ahead.
  • pasture fence applicators for deterring or startling animals can be arranged on the carrier vehicle 30 or the second module 20 .
  • the carrier vehicle 30 supplies mechanical drive energy for an electric generator 32 of the second module 20 via a power take-off shaft 31 or a hydraulic circuit, which generator can be located in the rear area (as shown) or front area on the carrier vehicle 30 .
  • the individual modules of the device 1 are arranged, for example, as attachments, for example with three-point hitches. Special crops require special machines, sometimes even as a carrier vehicle 30 with special suspensions, if necessary also on the side or under the carrier vehicle 30 on coupled to the carrier vehicle 30, saddled or moved on a trailer.
  • Electrical current is conducted from the generator 32 to a transformation and control unit 33 of the second module 20 with electrical lines. There, the electrical current is converted for the transformation and then, in the case of alternating current, brought to the desired frequency, waveform and electrical voltage used in the end, and in the case of direct current, to the predetermined electrical voltage with a predetermined residual ripple in centrally or distributedly positioned transformers and other control units .
  • the second module 20 has a plurality of applicator units 2a, each with a plurality of applicators 21a, 21b, 21c for applying electrical direct current to plants.
  • FIG. 1B Reference is now additionally made to FIG. 1B.
  • the plurality of applicator units 2a are arranged in an applicator row 12 , the direction of extension of the applicator row 12 extending transversely, in the present exemplary embodiment at an angle of 90°, to a direction of travel FR of the carrier vehicle 30 .
  • the applicators 21a, 21b, 21c of the applicator row 12 are arranged on a parallelogram-like second support structure 24, which can be height-positioned via a trailing auxiliary wheel (support wheel) 25 (depending on the culture, it can also be leading).
  • the constant power source 3 has a connection for lines 4 for electrically conductive connection to the generator 32, a distribution unit 5 and a converter assembly 6 with a plurality of converters 7a, 7b, 7c.
  • a converter also referred to as an alternating current converter or also referred to as an AC/DC converter
  • AC/DC converter is understood to mean a power converter which generates an electrical alternating voltage of different frequency and amplitude from an electrical alternating voltage.
  • FIG. 2 shows three converters of the 20 (10) converters 7a, 7b, 7c in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the number of converters 7a, 7b, 7c can also be different.
  • Each of the applicator units 2a, 2b of the applicator row 12 can be assigned a converter 7a, 7b, 7c, i.e. each of the applicator units 2a, 2b of the applicator row 12 has its own converter 7a, 7b, 7c.
  • the generator 32 provides three-phase electrical current with an electrical voltage of 400 V and a frequency of 50 Hz to 60 Hz.
  • the distribution unit 5 distributes the three-phase electrical current to the plurality of converters 7a, 7b, 7c.
  • each of the plurality of converters 7a, 7b, 7c provides a first polarity P1, in the present exemplary embodiment, a positive polarity, at a first output, and a second polarity P2, in the present exemplary embodiment, a negative polarity, at its second output.
  • power is controlled by combined frequency and pulse width modulation.
  • FIG. 3 Reference is now additionally made to FIG. 3 in order to explain further details of the device 1 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the device 1 has a first applicator unit 2a and a second applicator unit 2b for applying electrical direct current to plants.
  • the first applicator unit 2a has a first, in particular essentially stationary, applicator 21a, a second, in particular essentially stationary, applicator 21b and a third, in particular essentially stationary, applicator 21c, each on the second support structure 24 are attached.
  • Essentially stationary is understood to mean that slight movements of the applicators 21a, 21b, 21c are possible, but there is, for example, a distance A1 between the first applicator 21a and the second applicator 21b and a distance A2 between the second Applicator 21 b and the third applicator 21 c changes only slightly, for example by 3%, 5% or 10% of the value of the distance A1 or the value of the distance A2.
  • the first applicator 21a, the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c are arranged one after the other at a distance A1 or a distance A2 from one another in the direction of advance FR of the applicator unit 2a.
  • the first applicator 21a, the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c are each rod-shaped with a main extension direction HR, which in the present embodiment extends straight at right angles to the direction of travel FR.
  • the first applicator 21a and the third applicator 21c can also be interpreted as external applicators and the second applicator 21b as an internal applicator, with the external applicators each having the same polarity P1 and the internal applicator having the other polarity P2.
  • the first applicator 21a, the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c in the present exemplary embodiment are each designed as round rods made from an electrical conductor material.
  • the first applicator 21a, the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c each have a continuously formed outer surface without edges, projections or similar surface discontinuities.
  • the distance A1 between the first applicator 21a and the second applicator 21b and the distance A2 between the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c can be in the range of 1.5 m to 0.15 m. In the present exemplary embodiment, it is in the range from 15 cm to 20 cm. Such applicators are also referred to as short applicators (SRA - for English: Short Range Blade). In the present exemplary embodiment, the distance A1 and the distance A2 are unequal. In the present exemplary embodiment, the distance A1 is smaller than the distance A2. In the present exemplary embodiment, the distance A1 is 15 cm and the distance A2 is 20 cm.
  • the distance A1 is smaller than the distance A2 in the present exemplary embodiment, and thus the respective electric field strength between the first applicator 21a and the second applicator 21b is greater than between the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c in the present exemplary embodiment, arcing between the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c is reduced, in particular when the second applicator 21b is charged with the negative polarity and the third applicator 21c with the positive polarity. Dem gets through counteracted the distance A2, which is greater than distance A1 and leads to a comparatively reduced electric field strength.
  • the second applicator unit 2b also has a first applicator 21d, which is in particular essentially stationary, a second applicator 21e, which is especially essentially stationary, and a third applicator 21f, which is especially essentially stationary.
  • the first applicator 21d and the third applicator 21f are each rod-shaped with a main extension direction HR, which in the present embodiment extends longitudinally to the direction of travel FR, ie the first applicator 21d and the third applicator 21f are in the present embodiment Embodiment at a right angle longitudinally to the direction of travel FR spaced apart.
  • the first applicator 21d, the second applicator 21e and the third applicator 21f in the present exemplary embodiment are each also designed as round rods made of an electrical conductor material.
  • the first applicator 21d and the third applicator 21f are connected to one another by two connecting sections 8a, 8b.
  • the two connecting sections 8a, 8b can also each be in the form of rods with a main extension direction, for example also as round rods made of an electrical conductor material.
  • the first applicator 21d and the third applicator 21f as well as the two connecting sections 8a, 8b form a frame applicator which can also be regarded as an outer frame applicator.
  • the two connecting sections 8a, 8b can also be formed from an electrical insulating material.
  • the two connecting sections 8a, 8b then have no applicator function. In analogy to the applicator unit 2a, they can thus be regarded as external applicators.
  • the second applicator 21e which can be regarded as an internal applicator in analogy to the applicator unit 2b, has two partial applicators 21e', 21e'' in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • two edge sections of a treatment area can be supplied with direct electric current, while a middle section of the treatment area, which is located between the two edge sections, is not treated.
  • the second applicator 21e in particular has two partial applicators 21e', 21e" in the present exemplary embodiment, the respective distance A3, A4 from the first applicator 21d and from the third applicator 21f can be kept small. This allows high electric field strengths to be achieved between them. In order to achieve comparable electric field strengths with a second applicator 21d without partial applicators 21e', 21e'', significantly higher electric voltages would otherwise be required.
  • the second applicator 21e can also be designed as a single applicator.
  • first partial applicator 21e' and the second applicator 21e" are connected to one another by two connecting sections 9a, 9b.
  • the two connecting sections 9a, 9b can also each be rod-shaped with a main extension direction, for example also as round rods made of an electrical see conductor material be formed.
  • the first partial applicator 21e' and the second partial applicator 21e'' together with the two connecting sections 9a, 9b form a frame with a basic rectangular shape in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the first partial applicator 21e' and the second partial applicator 21e'' as well as the two connecting sections 9a, 9b also form a frame applicator, which can also be regarded as an inner frame applicator.
  • the two connecting sections 9a, 9b can also be formed from an electrical insulator material. Then the two connecting sections 9a, 9b have no applicator function. In analogy to the applicator unit 2a, they can thus be regarded as external applicators.
  • a distance A3 between the first applicator 21d and the partial applicator 21e' of the second applicator 21e corresponds in the present exemplary embodiment to the distance A4 between the third applicator 21f and the partial applicator 21e" of the second applicator 21e.
  • distance A3 and distance A4 are equal.
  • the assignment of the polarities P1, P2 to the respective first applicator 21a, 21d, the second applicator 21b, 21e and the third applicator 21c of the first applicator unit 2a or the second applicator unit 2b according to the present exemplary embodiment ensures that that the polarities P1, P2 to a first applicator 21a, 21d, a second applicator 21b, 21e and/or a third applicator 21c of a directly accessible first applicator unit 2a or second applicator unit 2b of the applicator row 12 are the same . In this way, potential differences between adjacent applicator units 2a, 2b of the applicator rows 12 and thus the formation of arcs are minimized.
  • the device 1 also has a first applicator unit 2a and a second applicator unit 2b.
  • the first applicator unit 2a corresponds to the applicator unit 2a according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the second applicator unit 2b also has a first applicator 21d, which is in particular essentially stationary, a second applicator 21e, which is in particular essentially stationary, and a third applicator 21, which is in particular essentially stationary f, wherein the second applicator 21e, which can be understood as an internal applicator in analogy to the applicator unit 2a, has two partial applicators 21e', 21e'' in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the first applicator 21d, the two partial applicators 21e', 21e'' of the second applicator 21e and the third applicator 21f each have a connecting section 17 and an electrode section 18 made of an electrically conductive material with a free distal end .
  • the respective connecting sections 17 and/or electrode sections 18 can be made more flexible than, for example, the applicators 21a, 21b, 21c of the first applicator unit 2a, i.e. they can deform reversibly if they come into contact with the ground and/or plants.
  • the first applicator 21d and the third applicator 21f are longer than the two partial applicators 21e', 21e'' of the second applicator 21e.
  • the first applicator 21d and the third applicator 21f can dip into depressions in the ground on both sides of a plant and contact stems and/or leaves of the plant located there, as will be explained in detail later.
  • the device 1 also has a first applicator unit 2a and a second applicator unit 2b.
  • the first applicator unit 2a corresponds to the applicator unit 2a according to the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS.
  • the second applicator unit 2b also has a first applicator 21d, which is in particular essentially stationary, a second applicator 21e, which is in particular essentially stationary, and a third, in particular, essentially stationary arranged applicator 21f, wherein the second applicator 21e, which in analogy to the applicator unit 2a can be understood as an internal applicator, has two partial applicators 21e', 21e" in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the second applicator 21e with the two partial applicators 21e', 21e'' of the second applicator unit 2b is mechanically and also electrically conductively connected directly, for example with a clamp, to the third applicator 21c of the first applicator unit 2a .
  • the two partial applicators 21e', 21e'' of the second applicator 21e of the second applicator unit 2b have the same polarity P1 as the third applicator 21c of the first applicator unit 2a.
  • the first applicator 21d and the third applicator 21f have the other polarity P2.
  • first applicator 21d the second applicator 21e with the two partial applicators 21e', 21e'' and the third applicator 21f are arranged ending at the same height.
  • the device 1 also has a first applicator unit 2a and a second applicator unit 2b.
  • the first applicator unit 2a corresponds to the applicator unit 2a according to the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and 5, apart from the fact that the first applicator unit 2a has only a first applicator 21a and a second applicator 21b.
  • This first applicator unit 2a was formed, for example, by simply dismantling the third applicator 21c.
  • the device 1 can be modified by assembling and disassembling individual applicators 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, 21e, 21f.
  • a modification was made for a secondary treatment of plants 40 as part of desiccation, in which, in particular, the second applicator unit 2b should be used to apply electrical direct current to the plants 40 again and/or previously untreated plants 40.
  • the second applicator unit 2b also has a first applicator 21d, in particular arranged essentially stationary, a second applicator 21e, in particular arranged essentially stationary, and a third, in particular im Essentially stationarily arranged applicator 21f, wherein the second applicator 21e, which can be understood as an internal applicator in analogy to the applicator unit 2a, has two sub-applicators 21e', 21e'' in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the second applicator 21e with the two partial applicators 21e′, 21e′′ of the second applicator unit 2b is mechanically and also electrically conductive directly, for example with a clamp, to the second applicator 21b of the first Applicator unit 2a connected.
  • the two partial applicators 21e', 21e'' of the second applicator 21e of the second applicator unit 2b have the same polarity P2 as the second applicator 21b of the first applicator unit 2a.
  • the first applicator 21d and the third applicator 21f have the other polarity P1.
  • the second applicator 21e with the two partial applicators 21e', 21e'' is longer than the first applicator 21d and the third applicator 21f.
  • the plants 40 can be, for example, tuber vegetables with a tuber in the soil 44, such as sweet potatoes, cassava, yams, yacon, carrots, radishes and horseradish, black salsify, various forms of turnip, parsnip, root parsley, swede, beetroot, radishes , chervil beet, celeriac, kohlrabi or bulbous zest.
  • the plants 40 are potato plants.
  • the first applicator 21a has a first polarity P1, in the present embodiment a positive polarity
  • the second applicator 21b has a second polarity P2, in the present embodiment a negative polarity
  • the third applicator 21c has the first polarity P1 due to the electrical Connection to the constant power source 3, which leads to the physical current directions indicated by the arrows.
  • This choice of polarities P1, P2 can reduce arcing between the first applicator 21a and the second applicator 21b.
  • the first applicator 21a, the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c can be charged with the electrical DC voltage in the range from 1600 V to 5500 V.
  • the first applicator 21a, the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21 c applied with an electrical direct voltage in a range from 1,600 V to 5500 V.
  • the device 1 is now moved in the direction of advance FR over a field 34 with the plants 40, e.g. at speeds in the range from 2 km/h to 6 km/h.
  • the device 1 with the first applicator unit 2a moves at a low height above the floor 44. This is to ensure that one of the applicators 21a, 21b, 21c does not come into contact with the floor 44.
  • the first applicator 21 a and the second applicator 21 b as well as the third applicator 21 c are brought into contact with a shoot axis 43 and/or leaves 41 of the plant 40, in particular without contact with the ground, and the contacted shoot axis 43 and/or leaves 41 are thus acted upon of the plant 40 with direct electric current, the constant power source 3 providing a substantially constant electric power.
  • a main flow component HS is established, the current path of which does not lead through the soil 44, but only through the shoot axis 43 and/or leaves 41 of the plant 40 Current path sections through the floor 44 leads.
  • the main current component HS makes up at least half of the total electric current that flows between two of the three applicators 21a, 21b, 21c. In contrast, flows at the Using long applicators a main flow component through the floor 44.
  • the electrical (resistive) load changes due to the movement in the direction of travel FR, with the Constant power source 3 provides a substantially constant electrical power.
  • a plant 40 with its leaves 41 can have a longitudinal extent LR that is greater than the first distance A1 and the second distance A2 together.
  • the first applicator 21a, the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c contact the plant 40 with its leaves 41 simultaneously for a certain period of time during the crossing. In other words, simultaneous multiple contacting occurs.
  • the first applicator 21 a and the second applicator 21 b as well as the second applicator 21 b and the third applicator 21 c contact the plant 40 with its leaves during the crossing 41 successively. However, there is no simultaneous multiple contacting.
  • a plant 40 with its leaves 41 is also shown, which has a transverse extension QR that is greater than the first distance A3 and the second distance A4 of the second applicator unit 2b.
  • the first applicator 21 a and the second applicator 21 b as well as the second applicator 21 b and the third applicator 21 c of the first applicator unit 2a may contact the during the crossing Plant 40 with its leaves 41 not in such a way that at least two of the applicators 21a, 21b, 21c contact the plant 40 with their leaves 41 at the same time and consequently no electric current flow is established.
  • the first applicator 21d and the partial applicator 21e' of the second applicator 21e and/or the third applicator 21f and the partial applicator 21e" of the second applicator 21e make contact with the plant 40 with its leaves 41 during the passage
  • the use of the second applicator unit 2b can result in longer contact times with the shoot axis 43 and/or leaves 41 of the plant 40.
  • the plant 40 is a potato plant that is on an elevation of the ground 44, such as a potato ridge, with the leaves 41 at least partially extend into depressions of the floor 44 adjacent to the elevation.
  • the plant 40 can also be another plant, such as tuber vegetables with a tuber in the soil 44.
  • tuber vegetables such as sweet potatoes, cassava, yams, yacon, carrots, radishes and horseradish, black salsify, various forms of turnip, parsnip, root parsley, swede, beetroot, radishes, chervil, celeriac, kohlrabi or scallions.
  • the applicators 21d, 21f which are longer in the present exemplary embodiment, extend into the depressions in the base 44 and can also contact the leaves 41 of the plant 40 located there.
  • first applicator 21a, the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c as well as other applicators do not extend with their main extension direction HR in the direction of travel FR and also not transversely to the direction of travel FR, but at an angle of e.g. 45°.
  • two applicator sections can each be joined together at a different angle in the shape of an arrow in order to form the first applicator 21a, the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c, as well as further applicators.
  • first applicator 21a, the second applicator 21b and the third applicator 21c and other applicators do not have to be straight rod-shaped, but can also be partially curved or sawtooth-shaped.
  • FIG. 3 Different embodiments of the second applicator unit 2b shown in FIG. 3 are shown.
  • the second applicator unit 2b can also have a basic shape that deviates from a rectangular basic shape, such as a circular or elliptical basic shape or also a trapezoidal or other basic shape.
  • the second applicator unit 2b can also be arranged in such a way that the first applicator 21d, the second applicator 21e with the sub-applicators 21e', 21e" and the third applicator 21f do not extend with their main extension direction HR in the direction of travel FR and also do not extend transversely to the direction of travel FR, but at an angle of, for example, 45°.
  • the method for treating plants 40 can include that a medium 15 that reduces contact resistance is applied in advance to the shoot axis 43 and/or leaves 41 of the plant 40.
  • a first step S100 the first applicator 21a with a first polarity P1, the second applicator 21b with a second polarity P2 and the third applicator 21c with the first polarity P1 and the first applicator 21d with the first polarity P1, the second applicator 21e, optionally with the sub-applicators 21e', 21e", with the second polarity P2 and the third applicator 21f with the first polarity P1, each with the regulated constant power source 3 electrical power connected in a transmitting manner.
  • the respective first applicator 21 a, 21 d and the second applicator 21 b, 21 e with the shoot axis 43 and/or leaves 41 of the plant 40 and the second applicator 21 b, 21 e and the third applicator 21 c, 21f are successively and/or simultaneously brought into contact with the shoot axis 43 and/or the leaves 41 of the plant 40 in such a way that an electrical direct current is established, the main current component HS of which does not have a current path that runs in sections through the soil 44 .
  • the device 1 is moved in the direction of advance FR over the field 34 with the plants 40 at a low height above the ground 44, so that there is no ground contact of one of the applicators 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, 21e, 21f with the floor 44 comes.
  • a further step S300 the contacted shoot axis 43 and/or the contacted leaves 41 of the plant 40 are then subjected to direct electrical current in order to bring about desiccation.
  • the regulated constant power source 3 maintains a substantially constant electrical power, e.g. through a combined frequency and pulse width modulation.
  • the applicators 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, 21e, 21f come into contact with the shoot axis 43 and/or the leaves 41 of the plant 40 and lose contact again. Since the shoot axis 43 and/or the leaves 41 of the plant 40 can be interpreted as ohmic resistances in an electrical equivalent circuit diagram, the ohmic load of the constant power source 3 changes abruptly or abruptly as a result.
  • the regulated constant power source 3 regulates these load fluctuations during operation.
  • a device 1 which has a plurality of applicator units 2a, 2b next to one another in the applicator row 12 in order to cover a working width of 6 m.
  • the configuration shown in FIG. 3 with the two applicator units 2a, 2b in a row was used.
  • the distance between the applicators 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, 21e, 21f was in the range from 0.1 m to 0.2 m.
  • the device 1 was moved over the field 34 in the direction of travel FR at speeds of 2 km/h to 6 km/h. Depending on the speed in the direction of travel FR, the following nominal energy consumption per hectare was achieved: 2 km/h (48 kW/ha), 4 km/h (24 kW/ha), 6 km/h (16 kWh/ha) .
  • Undesirable damage to the potato tubers can also be avoided when desiccating potato plants, since almost no electric current flows through the bottom 44 and damages the potato tubers.
  • plants such as tuber vegetables with a tuber in the soil 44, such as sweet potato, cassava, yam, yacon, carrot, radish and horseradish, black salsify, various forms of turnip, parsnip, root parsley, swede, beetroot, radish, chervil , celeriac, kohlrabi or bulbous zest.
  • the effectiveness of the first applicator unit 2a shown in particular in FIG. 6 with only a first applicator 21a and a second applicator 21b in green manure with mustard plants was examined.
  • the mustard plants are spaced 20 cm apart. They show leaves 41 with a large leaf area and shoot axis 43, which are already beginning to lignify in the hot summer.
  • Hasten spray agent additive to improve the effectiveness of pesticides
  • 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate per medium was used as a contact resistance-reducing medium hectares at a water application rate of 250 L of water per hectare.
  • the driving speed was 4 km/h.
  • Table 1 below provides an overview of the BS60, BB60, BB30 and RR30 applicator configurations used.
  • the double flow through shoot axes 43 and roots 42 can be expected to be highly efficient. With a larger applicator distance, deeper penetration into the soil 44 and thus greater root destruction is to be expected.
  • the cutting disk When using the BS60 style applicator configuration with a metal blade and cutting disk combination, the cutting disk will cut about 2 cm to 5 cm into the soil 44 thereby penetrating the dry topsoil. This additionally reduces the electrical resistance of the soil 44 and therefore leads to a high single electrical current flow through the plants 40, which are contacted over a large area by the applicators with metal lamellae.
  • the RR30 applicator configuration features two 20mm diameter stainless steel tubes spaced 30cm apart, mounted on a flexible rubber mat that is stretched over the plants 40. Since the plants 40 are pushed over as a result, the tube lying transversely to the direction of advance FR runs over the plant cover with a very short contact distance. Penetration of the electric current into the soil 44 and into the roots 42 is hardly to be expected, since the electric current is either introduced into only one plant 40 and exits again through the pole lying on the same plant 40, or the electric current finds its own way of the lowest electrical resistance between two adjacent plants 40 lying one on top of the other, for example through stalk and leaf material. Although this can generally minimize the distance traveled by the electric current, the small contact surfaces and the risk of plants covering each other do not have any major effects expect. In addition, this geometry precludes electrical current flow through roots 42 and little overall effect can be expected.
  • the RR30 applicator configuration was originally designed for very small culm-like plants 40 such as blackgrass (2 - 5 cm) that can move between sheet metal blade applicators.
  • a seed row of the plants 40 was harvested over a length of 2 m, the number of plants 40 was determined and the stalk length was measured as a biomass indicator. In those cases where the remaining number of plants was very small, harvesting was carried out at 4 m and the quantity was then calculated down to 2 m.
  • the applicator configuration of type BS60 with the cutting disc gives poorer results than the control K.
  • the number of plants 40 corresponded to the control K, showing that no plants 40 were killed.
  • the cutting disc could not generate sufficient electrical flow in the fairly dry topsoil.
  • the somewhat higher stalk length may be due to the marginal position of the treatment, in addition to the very good effect of the RR30 type applicator configuration, which led to better water and light supply.
  • the use of the BB60 and BB30 applicator configurations with the sheet metal blades resulted in a slight reduction in the number of plants 40.
  • the reduced total stem lengths show that the plants 40 were also weakened by killing individual stems, but that the root 42 of the plant 40 was not greatly affected.
  • the applicator configuration of the type RR30 delivers by far the best results in spite of a small contact area with stem-accentuated herbaceous mustard plants. This can be attributed to the fact that the high electrical current densities at the contact points in combination with the contact liquid used in all tests ensured a low overall electrical resistance despite the small contact area. As a result, many plants could be destroyed to such an extent that further growth was not possible at all or only possible to a very limited extent and with delay.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement de plantes qui comprend les étapes suivantes : (S100) relier un premier applicateur (21a, 21d), en particulier monté sensiblement fixe, ayant une première polarité (P1), un deuxième applicateur (21b, 21e), en particulier monté sensiblement fixe, ayant une seconde polarité (P2) et un troisième applicateur (21c, 21f), en particulier monté sensiblement fixe, ayant la première polarité (P1), d'au moins un ensemble d'applicateurs (2a, b), à une source de puissance constante (3) régulée, (S200) mettre en contact, en particulier mettre en contact sans contact avec le sol, le premier applicateur (21a, 21d) et le deuxième applicateur (21b, 21e) avec un axe de pousse (43) et/ou avec des feuilles (41) d'une plante (40), et le deuxième applicateur (21b, 21e) et le troisième applicateur (21c, 21f) avec l'axe de pousse (43) et/ou avec des feuilles (41) de la plante (40) successivement et/ou simultanément, (S300) appliquer du courant électrique continu à l'axe de pousse et/ou aux feuilles (41) de la plante (40) avec lesquels la mise en contact a été effectuée, et (S400) maintenir une puissance électrique sensiblement constante par la source de puissance constante (3) régulée.
EP21773502.6A 2020-09-08 2021-09-03 Procédé de traitement de plantes Pending EP4210485A1 (fr)

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DE102021114692.5A DE102021114692B4 (de) 2020-09-08 2021-06-08 Verfahren zur Behandlung von Pflanzen
PCT/EP2021/074374 WO2022053402A1 (fr) 2020-09-08 2021-09-03 Procédé de traitement de plantes

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DE102022126886A1 (de) * 2022-10-14 2024-04-25 crop.zone GmbH Verfahren zur Reduktion von ungewollten Spannungsüberschlägen bei Elektro-Behandlungen von Pflanzen
DE102022126885A1 (de) * 2022-10-14 2024-04-25 crop.zone GmbH Biomassen-Bestimmung von Pflanzen
DE102023106183A1 (de) 2023-03-13 2024-09-19 crop.zone GmbH Verfahren zur Leistungskontrolle bei einer Elektro-Behandlung von Pflanzen
DE102023106184A1 (de) 2023-03-13 2024-09-19 crop.zone GmbH Verfahren zur Elektro-Behandlung von Pflanzen, insbesondere von Süßgräsern
DE102023106180A1 (de) 2023-03-13 2024-09-19 crop.zone GmbH Verfahren zur Elektro-Behandlung von Pflanzen
DE102023106182A1 (de) 2023-03-13 2024-09-19 crop.zone GmbH Verfahren zur Elektro-Behandlung von Pflanzen, insbesondere zur Gründüngungskontrolle
DE102023106185A1 (de) 2023-03-13 2024-09-19 crop.zone GmbH Verfahren zur Elektro-Behandlung von Pflanzen, insbesondere von Knollengemüse

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US2007383A (en) 1934-09-08 1935-07-09 Walter C Collins Apparatus for and method of electrically treating soil
US2592654A (en) * 1950-12-21 1952-04-15 Richard D Canfield Electrical pest destroyer
BRPI0502291B1 (pt) * 2005-05-30 2022-04-05 Constantino Augusto Henrique Schwager Método para eletrocussão de plantas daninhas por equipamento de múltiplos eletrodos
US20190261769A1 (en) 2016-09-16 2019-08-29 Zasso Gmbh Applicator
EP3544417A1 (fr) 2016-11-25 2019-10-02 Zasso GmbH Dispositif et procédé pour appliquer une haute tension dans un substrat qui présente du matériel biologique
DE112018005060A5 (de) 2017-09-12 2020-06-10 Zasso Gmbh Gerät zur desaktivierung von organismen
CN111629591B (zh) * 2017-11-27 2023-02-17 资速集团股份公司 杂草灭活设备
DE102018003199A1 (de) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-24 Zasso Group Ag Unkrautinaktivierungsvorrichtung

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US20230329153A1 (en) 2023-10-19
CA3194076A1 (fr) 2022-03-17
WO2022053402A1 (fr) 2022-03-17
AU2021338955A1 (en) 2023-03-23
DE102021114692A1 (de) 2022-03-10

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