EP4210172A1 - Antenne élémentaire à dispositif rayonnant planaire - Google Patents

Antenne élémentaire à dispositif rayonnant planaire Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP4210172A1
EP4210172A1 EP23158398.0A EP23158398A EP4210172A1 EP 4210172 A1 EP4210172 A1 EP 4210172A1 EP 23158398 A EP23158398 A EP 23158398A EP 4210172 A1 EP4210172 A1 EP 4210172A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
points
excitation
pair
reception
transmission
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23158398.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrick Garrec
Anthony Ghiotto
Gwenaël Morvan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Thales SA
Universite de Bordeaux
Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Thales SA
Universite de Bordeaux
Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Thales SA, Universite de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux filed Critical Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Publication of EP4210172A1 publication Critical patent/EP4210172A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of array antennas and in particular active antennas. It applies in particular to radars, electronic warfare systems (such as radar detectors and radar jammers) as well as communication systems or other multifunction systems.
  • a so-called array antenna comprises a plurality of antennas which may be of the planar type, that is to say of the printed circuit type often called patch antennas.
  • the technology of planar antennas makes it possible to produce thin, directional antennas by producing the radiating elements by etching metal patterns on a dielectric layer provided with a metal ground plane on the rear face. This technology leads to very compact directional electronic scanning antennas that are simpler to produce and therefore less expensive than antennas of the Vivaldi type.
  • An active antenna conventionally comprises a set of elementary antennas each comprising a substantially planar radiating element coupled to a transmit/receive module (or T/R circuit for “transmit/receive reception circuit” in English).
  • the transmission/reception module adapts the phase and amplifies an excitation signal received from centralized signal generation electronics and applies this excitation signal to the radiating element.
  • the transmission/reception module amplifies a low-level reception signal received by the radiating element, adapts its phase, and transmits it to a concentration circuit which transmits it to a centralized acquisition circuit .
  • the accessible powers are limited by the properties of the technologies used to produce the radiating elements.
  • the MMIC technologies for "Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit” in English or monolithic microwave integrated circuit
  • the MMIC technologies are characterized by limited maximum powers beyond which it is desirable to be able to work for the applications mentioned above. .
  • An object of the invention is to overcome this problem
  • the subject of the invention is an elementary antenna comprising a planar radiating device comprising a substantially planar radiating element having a center, the plane containing the radiating element being defined by a first straight line passing through the center and a second straight line perpendicular to the first straight line and passing through the centre, said radiating element comprising a plurality of pairs of excitation points arranged in at least a first quadruplet of excitation points, located at a distance from the first straight line and the second straight line, comprising a first pair composed of excitation points arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to said first straight line and a second pair composed of excitation points arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to said second straight line, the elementary antenna comprising a plurality of processing circuits capable of delivering differential excitation signals intended to excite the excitation points and/or capable of shaping signals originating from the excitation points, each pair of excitation points being coupled to a processing so that the processing circuit is able to excite the pair of excitation points differentially and/or to process
  • the invention also relates to an antenna comprising several elementary antennas according to the invention, in which the radiating elements form an array of radiating elements.
  • the antenna comprises pointing phase shift means in transmission making it possible to introduce first global phase shifts in transmission between the excitation signals applied to the first quadruplets of points of the respective elementary antennas and second global phase shifts in transmission between the excitation signals applied to the second quadruplets of points of the respective elementary antennas, the first and the second global phase shifts in transmission possibly being different, and/or comprising pointing phase shift means in reception making it possible to introduce first global phase shifts in reception between the excitation signals applied to the first quadruplets of points of the elementary antennas respective and second global phase shifts in reception between the excitation signals applied to the second quadruplets of points of the respective elementary antennas, the first and second global phase shifts in reception possibly being different.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an elementary antenna 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the elementary antenna comprises a planar radiating device 10, represented on the figure 1 , comprising a substantially planar radiating element 11, extending substantially in the plane of the sheet, comprising a center C.
  • the planar radiating device is a planar antenna better known as a patch antenna.
  • the invention also relates to an antenna comprising several elementary antennas according to the invention.
  • the antenna can be of the array type.
  • the radiating elements 11 or the planar radiating devices 10 of the elementary antennas form an array of radiating elements.
  • the antenna is advantageously an active antenna.
  • the planar radiating device 10 forms a stack as shown in the figure 2 . It comprises a radiating element 11, substantially planar, arranged above a layer forming the ground plane 12, a gap is provided between the radiating element 11 and the ground plane 12.
  • This gap comprises for example an insulating layer 13 electrically for example made of a dielectric material.
  • the radiating element 11 is a plate of conductive material.
  • the radiating element 11 comprises several stacked metal plates. It typically has a square shape.
  • the radiating element has another shape, for example a disc shape or another parallelogram shape, such as a rectangle or a diamond, for example. Whatever the geometry of the radiating element 11, it is possible to define a center C.
  • the antenna comprises feed lines 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b, 53a, 53b, 54a and 54b coupled with the radiating element 11 at points of excitation 1+, 1-, 2+, 2-, 3 +, 3-, 4+, and 4- included in the radiating element 11. This coupling allows the excitation of the radiating element 11.
  • the coupling is for example carried out by electromagnetic coupling by slot.
  • the planar radiating device 10 then comprises a feed plane 16 visible on the figure 2 conveying the ends of the supply lines 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b, 53a, 53b, 54a and 54b. Plane 16 is advantageously separated from ground plane 12 by a layer of insulating material 17, for example a dielectric.
  • the planar radiating device 10 also includes several slots. Each slot is formed in the layer forming the ground plane. One end of each line 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b, 53a, 53b, 54a, 54b is arranged to overlap a corresponding slot from below, the radiating element 11 being located above the layer forming the plane ground 12.
  • the excitation point 1+, 1-, 2+, 2-, 3+, 3-, 4+, or 4- is then located to the right of the slot and of the corresponding end.
  • the projections of the slots are shown in dotted lines and each have a rectangular shape. These projections are not shown in the other figures for greater clarity.
  • Each slot is provided for a pair of excitation points.
  • the device comprises one slot per excitation point.
  • the slots are not necessarily rectangular, other shapes can be envisaged.
  • the coupling is achieved by electrically connecting the end of the line to an excitation point of the radiating element.
  • the excitation current flows towards the radiating element, through the insulating material, for example by means of a metallized via making it possible to connect the end of the line to a pin located at the rear of the radiating element in line with the point to be excited.
  • the coupling can be performed on the very plane of the flat radiating element, or “patch” by attacking it directly by a microstrip or “microstrip” printed line, connected to the edge of the radiating element.
  • the excitation point is then located at the end of the supply line.
  • the excitation can also be carried out by coupling by proximity to a “microstrip” line printed at a level located between the “patch” and the layer forming the ground plane.
  • the coupling can be carried out in the same way or in a different way for the different excitation points.
  • the excitation points are split.
  • the radiating element 11 thus comprises four pairs of excitation points 1+, 1 ⁇ ; 2+, 2-; 3+ and 3- and 4+, 4-.
  • the plane of the radiating element 11 is defined by two orthogonal directions. These two directions are the first line D1 and the second line D2. Each of these orthogonal directions passes through the center C.
  • the points of each pair occupy positions substantially symmetrical to one another with respect to either D1 or D2.
  • the points of each pair are substantially symmetrical to one another by orthogonal symmetry of axis D1 or D2.
  • the excitation points of each of the two quadruplets of points are distinct. In other words, the two quadruplets of points do not have common excitation points. The different pairs have no points of excitation in common.
  • the excitation points of each pair of excitation points are arranged so as to be capable of being excited differentially, that is to say by means of two opposite signals. To this end, the points of the same pair of excitation points are arranged so as to have identical impedances measured with respect to ground.
  • the straight lines D1 and D2 being parallel to the respective sides of the square formed by the plane of the radiating element 11, the distances separating the points of each pair are identical.
  • the elementary antenna 1 also comprises a transmission and reception module 20 as illustrated by the figure 1 notably.
  • the transmission/reception module 20 of the figure 1 comprises four electronic transmit/receive circuits 21 to 24.
  • Circuits 21 to 24 are arranged between, on the one hand, microwave signal generation circuits and/or centralized acquisition and processing circuits, and on the other hand the supply lines.
  • Each pair of excitation points 1+, 1-; 2+, 2-; 3+, 3- and 4+, 4- is coupled to its excitation circuit 21, 22, 23 or 24 respectively by means of a transmission line comprising two supply lines 51a, 51b; 52a, 52b, 53a, 53b or respectively 54a, 54b each comprising an end coupled to one of the excitation points 1+ or 1-; 2+ or 2-; 3+ or 3- and 4+ or 4- make up the pair.
  • Each transmission line makes it possible to convey a differential signal from/to the associated circuit.
  • Each circuit 21, 22, 23 or 24 is coupled to a pair of excitation points so as to be able to apply a differential excitation signal to one of the pairs of excitation points and to acquire differential reception signals from of the pair of excitation points via the line.
  • each circuit is configured to apply a differential excitation signal to the respective pairs of excitation points.
  • the four transmission/reception circuits 21 to 24 are identical.
  • the transmit/receive circuits 21 to 24 are advantageously made using MMIC technology.
  • a SiGe (Silicon Germanium) technology is used, but a GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) or GaN (Gallium Nitride) technology could just as well be used.
  • the transmission/reception circuits of the same elementary antenna are produced on the same substrate so as to constitute a single circuit 20 .
  • This variant has a reduced size facilitating the integration of the circuit 20 at the rear of the planar radiating device 10.
  • Each transmission/reception circuit 21, 22, 23 and 24 respectively comprises, on the example of the figure 1 , a transmission channel 110 coupled to a pair of excitation points and being intended to deliver excitation signals intended to excite the pair of excitation points and a reception channel 120 capable of shaping the reception from the pair of excitation points.
  • Each of these chains is coupled to a pair of points by means of one of the pairs of supply lines 51a, 51b; 52a, 52b; 53a, 53b and respectively 54a, 54b via a switch 121a, 121b, 121c, and respectively 121d.
  • the supply lines are formed by conductors, that is to say tracks.
  • the tracks are for example tracks tuned in frequency.
  • Each circuit can be a transmission circuit and/or a reception circuit. It can comprise a transmission channel and/or a reception channel.
  • Each channel is designed to have optimum performance when it is loaded (at the output for the transmission channel or at the input for the reception channel) by a well-determined optimal impedance; it has degraded performance when loaded by an impedance different from its optimal value.
  • the points are positioned and coupled to the radiating device so that for each circuit 21 to 24, the transmission channel 110 and/or the reception channel 120 is loaded on its optimum impedance.
  • the optimal input or output impedance of a channel is substantially the optimal input impedance of the input amplifier of this channel or respectively the optimal output impedance of the output amplifier of this channel .
  • the impedance loaded on a circuit 21, 22, 23 or 24 is the impedance of the chain formed by each supply line connecting the radiating device to the circuit 21, 22, 23 or 24 and by the radiating device between these lines. Consequently, the proposed solution makes it possible to optimize the consumption, in transmission mode, and/or to improve the noise factor, in reception mode. As a result, it is possible to avoid having to make a compromise at the level of the impedance adaptation which can prove costly in terms of performance or to avoid providing an impedance transformer at least for one of the channels. .
  • the points are positioned and coupled to the radiating device so that the impedance of the radiating device 10 measured between two points of a pair of excitation points, called differential impedance, is substantially the conjugate of a impedance of the transmission/reception circuit 21, 22, 23 or 24 on the side of the radiating device, that is to say substantially the conjugate of an output impedance of a transmission path and/or of a input impedance of a receive channel of the transmit/receive circuit 21, 22, 23 or 24 coupled to the pair points.
  • the transmission and reception channels will be described later.
  • the output impedance of a transmit channel is substantially an output impedance of an output amplifier of the channel.
  • the output impedance of a receive channel is substantially an input impedance of an input amplifier of the channel.
  • the possibility of adjusting the impedance in this way avoids the use of components to adapt, by impedance transformation, the impedance between the transmission/reception circuits 21 to 24 and the radiating device 10.
  • This economy of components contributes to improving the power efficiency of the transmission and/or reception device, all of the output power of a transmission and/or reception channel being applied to the radiating means.
  • the impedance matching of the radiating device to that of the excitation circuit makes it possible to limit the maximum currents and powers to be generated.
  • an impedance transformation device is provided between the radiating device 10 and the transmitting/receiving circuit 20 to adapt the impedance of the radiating device between the two points of the pair of points to the output impedance of the transmit channel and/or the output impedance of the receive channel.
  • the possibility of adjusting the impedance of the points nevertheless facilitates impedance matching.
  • the excitation points of the respective pairs 1+ and 1- or 2+ and 2- or 3+ and 3- or 4+ and 4- are arranged so that the impedance of the radiating device 10 presented to a transmission circuit / reception 21 to 24 between the excitation points of the pair of excitation points coupled to the transmission / reception circuit is the same for all the pairs of excitation points.
  • This impedance is for example, in a non-limiting manner, 50 ohms. This impedance may be different from 50 Ohms, it may depend on the technology and the class of amplifiers used in the transmission/reception circuits.
  • the points of the two quadruplets of points have the same impedance.
  • the first and the third pair of each set are symmetrical to each other with respect to the line D2 and the second and the fourth pair of each together are symmetrical to each other with respect to the line D1.
  • the excitation points of each pair of points are advantageously located substantially at the same distance D from the center C and the points of the pairs of points are all separated by the same distance.
  • the impedances of the device radiating between the respective pairs of points are not all identical.
  • the points are arranged so that the impedances formed by the device radiating between the pairs of points 1+; 1- and 2+, 2- are identical and so that the impedances formed by the radiating device between the pairs of excitation points 3+, 3- and 4+, 4- are the same but different from those formed between the dots 1+; 1- and 2+, 2-.
  • the points 1 +, 1-; 2+, 2- are for example at the same distance from the center different from another distance separating the points 3+, 3- and 4+, 4- from the center C.
  • an excitation signal SE applied by the electronics for generating a microwave signal at the input of the circuit 20 is divided into four elementary excitation signals applied at the input of the transmission channels 110 of the transmission circuits / respective reception 21 to 24.
  • the four elementary excitation signals are identical except for relative phases and possibly amplitudes.
  • the module 20 comprises a splitter 122 making it possible to divide the common excitation signal SE into two excitation signals, which may be asymmetrical or symmetrical (that is to say differential or balanced), respectively injected at the input of phase shifters of respective emission 25, 26.
  • Each phase shifter 25, 26 delivers a differential or asymmetrical signal.
  • the signal leaving the first transmission phase shifter 25 is injected at the input of the transmission channel 110 of the first circuit 21 and at the input of the transmission channel 110 of the third circuit 23.
  • the signal leaving the second transmission phase shifter 26 is injected at the input of the transmission channel 110 of the second circuit 22 and at the input of the transmission channel 110 of the fourth circuit 24.
  • the transmission channels include at least one amplifier 114 making it possible to amplify the excitation signal SE.
  • the transmit paths include, for example, a high power amplifier 114 in radar and electronic warfare applications.
  • Each transmission channel 110 delivers a differential signal. These signals are applied to the respective pairs of lines 51a and 51b, 52a and 52b, 53a and 53b, 54a and 54b to excite the respective pairs of excitation points. This makes it possible to carry out a differential excitation of the respective pairs of excitation points. The points of the same pair are then excited by means of opposite signals.
  • the respective emission paths 110 are advantageously coupled to the respective excitation points so that the elementary waves excited by the first circuit 21 and the third circuit 23 are polarized in the same direction and so that the elementary waves excited by the second circuit 22 and the fourth circuit 24 are polarized in the same direction.
  • the electric fields of the excitation signals applied to the first and to the third pair of excitation points 1+, 1-, 3+, 3- have the same direction.
  • the power to be delivered by the amplifier 114 is thus divided by two and the current to be delivered by this amplifier is then divided by the square root of two.
  • the electric fields of the excitation signals applied to the second and to the fourth pair of excitation points 2+, 2-, 4+, 4- advantageously have the same direction.
  • the transmission/reception module 20 comprises transmission phase shift means 25, 26 comprising at least one phase shifter, making it possible to introduce a first phase shift, called the first transmission phase shift, between the signal applied to the first pair 1+, 1 - and the signal applied to the second pair 2+, 2- and to introduce this same first phase shift in transmission between the signal applied to the pair 3+, 3- and the signal applied to the pair 4+, 4-.
  • the elementary excitation signals injected at the input of the transmission channel 110 of the first circuit 21 and of the circuit 23 are in phase.
  • the elementary excitation signals injected at the input of the transmission channel 110 of the second circuit 22 and of the fourth circuit 24 are in phase.
  • the first phase shift in transmission is adjustable.
  • the array antenna advantageously comprises an adjustment device 35 making it possible to adjust the first transmission phase shift so as to introduce a first predetermined transmission phase shift.
  • Each pair of excitation points generates an elementary wave.
  • the elementary waves emitted by the pairs 1+, 1- and 3+, 3- are out of phase with respect to the elementary waves emitted by the pairs 2+, 2- and 4+, 4-.
  • a total wave is obtained, the polarization of which can be varied by varying the first phase shift in emission. Examples of relative phases between the emission signals injected on the lines coupled to the respective coupling points are given in the table of the picture 3 as well as the polarizations obtained.
  • the vertical polarization is the polarization along the z axis represented on the figure 1 .
  • Two points excited in phase opposition, separated by 180°, have opposite instantaneous electrical excitation voltages.
  • the first line of the table of the picture 3 illustrates the case where the lines coupled to points 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+ are brought to the same electrical voltage and the lines coupled to points 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- are brought to the same voltage , opposite to the previous one.
  • the voltage differential is then symmetrical with respect to the line D3.
  • the polarization is therefore oriented along this line, oriented vertically.
  • Linear polarization at +45° is achieved by driving only the 1+, 1- pair and the 3+, 3- pair with in-phase differential drive signals without driving the 2+, 2- and 4+, 4 pairs -.
  • This is for example achieved by adjusting the gain of the power amplifiers 114 of the circuits 22 and 24 so that they deliver zero power.
  • the amplifiers have a variable gain and means for adjusting the gain.
  • the phase shifts between the points remain the same over time.
  • the evolution of the phases over time produces a right circular polarization.
  • reception signals received by the pairs of respective excitation points 1+ and 1-, 2+ and 2-, 3+ and 3-, 4+ and 4- are respectively applied at the input of the transmission channels 120 of the respective excitation circuits 21, 22, 23, 24.
  • the reception path 120 of each of the circuits comprises protection means, such as a limiter 117, and at the least one amplifier 118, such as a low noise amplifier in electronic warfare applications.
  • the reception channel 120 also comprises a combiner 119 making it possible to combine elementary reception signals from the two lines 51a and 51b or 52a and 52b or 53a and 53b or 54a and 54b connected to the channel by applying a phase shift of 180° to a signals.
  • the receive path transmits a differential signal to a phase shifter.
  • the elementary reception signals leaving the reception channel 120 of the first circuit 21 and the reception channel 120 of the third circuit 23 are injected at the input of a first reception phase shifter 29 and the signals leaving the reception channel 120 of the second circuit 22 and of the reception channel 120 of the fourth circuit 24 are injected at the input of a second reception phase shifter 30.
  • These phase shifters 29, 30 make it possible to introduce a first phase shift in reception between the reception signals delivered by the channels reception 120 of the first and third circuits 21, 23 and those delivered by the reception channels of the second and fourth circuits 22, 24. which are injected at the input of the phase shifter.
  • the reception signals leaving the reception phase shifters 29, 30 are summed by means of an adder 220 of the module 20, before the resulting reception signal SS is transmitted to the remote acquisition electronics.
  • the transmission/reception module 20 comprises means for phase shifting in reception 29, 30 making it possible to introduce a first phase shift in reception between reception signals originating from the pairs 1+, 1- and 2+, 2- and between the reception signals from the pairs 3+, 3- and 4+, 4-.
  • these means are located at the output of the reception channels 120.
  • the first reception phase shift is adjustable.
  • the device advantageously comprises an adjustment device making it possible to adjust the phase shift in reception, which is the device 35 on the non-limiting embodiment of the figure 1 .
  • the first phase shifts in reception and in transmission are identical. This makes it possible to receive elementary waves having the same phases as the elementary waves emitted and thus to make measurements on a total reception wave having the same polarization as the total wave emitted by the elementary antenna.
  • these phases can be different. They can advantageously be independently adjustable. This makes it possible to transmit and receive signals having different polarizations.
  • the number of phase shifters is different and/or the phase shifters are arranged elsewhere, whether at the input of the transmission channels or at the output of the transmission channels.
  • the antenna comprises so-called pointing phase shift means making it possible to introduce adjustable global phase shifts between the excitation signals applied to the points of the respective elementary antennas of the antenna and/or between reception signals originating from the points respective elementary antennas of the antenna.
  • these means comprise a control device 36 generating a control signal intended for the adjustment means 35 as well as the phase shifters.
  • the control device 36 generates a control signal comprising a first signal S1 controlling the introduction of the first phase shift in transmission and in reception (which is the same in the case of the figure 1 ) and a global signal Sg controlling the global phase shift introduction to be applied to the signals received at the input of each phase shifter.
  • the global phase shift can control the introduction of the same global phase shift on the respective elementary excitation signals and on the respective elementary reception signals coming from the radiating element.
  • This global phase shift makes it possible, by recombination of the total waves emitted by the elementary antennas of the network, to choose the pointing direction of the wave emitted by the antenna and of the wave measured by the antenna.
  • the control device 36 receives different control signals to control the introduction of the phase shifts in transmission and in reception (first phase shifts and global phase shifts). It is thus possible to independently control the polarizations and pointing directions of the waves emitted and measured.
  • the electronic scanning of an array antenna is based on the phase shifts applied to the elementary antennas constituting the array, the scanning being determined by a phase law.
  • the elementary antenna advantageously comprises switching means making it possible to direct the output signals from the circuits 21 to 24 to the device 10 and a reception signal as input to the reception channel of each of the circuits.
  • these switching means comprise a controlled switch 121a, 121b, 121c, 121d so as to switch said circuit 21, 22, 23 and 24 respectively, either in the mode of operation in transmission, by connecting the transmission path 110 of the circuits 21, 22, 23, 24 at lines 51a, 51b; 52a, 52b; 53a, 53b; 54a, 54b, or in a reception operating mode, by connecting the reception paths 120 of the circuits to the lines 51a, 51b; 52a, 52b; 53a, 53b; 54a, 54b.
  • each excitation circuit comprises an electronic circulator connected to the corresponding pair of excitation points as well as to the transmission path and to the reception path of the circuit. The circuits then operate simultaneously in transmission and in reception.
  • the device according to the invention has many advantages.
  • Each circuit 21 to 24 is capable, in transmission, of applying a differential signal and, in reception, of acquiring a differential signal, that is to say a balanced signal or "balanced” in English terminology.
  • the circuit already operating on the differential signals makes it possible to avoid having to interpose a component, such as a balun (for “balanced unbalanced transformer”) to pass from a differential signal to an asymmetrical signal.
  • a balun for “balanced unbalanced transformer”
  • Such an intermediate component degrades the power efficiency. The power efficiency of the device is therefore improved.
  • the invention uses transmit/receive circuits coupled to four two-by-two quadrature bias ports, each circuit operating at a nominal power compatible with the maximum power acceptable by the technology implemented for manufacture it.
  • the power of the electromagnetic waves emitted or received by the radiating means can therefore be greater than the nominal operating power of the circuit coupled to this pair of excitation points.
  • Each pair of differentially excited radiating element excitation points generates an elementary wave.
  • the antenna works in duplicate differential on transmission and reception.
  • the power of the elementary wave emitted by the pair of excitation points is twice as great as the nominal power in transmission of the transmission circuit.
  • the choice of radiating device technology sets the voltage to be applied to the excitation points. The higher the voltage and the lower the current at equal power and impedance, the lower the ohmic losses. For the same impedance, dividing the output power by two results in dividing the current by the square root of two. The proposed solution making the sum of the power directly on the patch or radiating element 11, the ohmic losses are therefore greatly reduced.
  • the energy summation is carried out directly at the level of the excitation points. It is therefore not necessary, in order to transmit four times more power, to provide circuits having amplifiers four times more powerful. It is also not necessary to sum, outside the radiating medium, signals coming from limited power amplifiers, for example by means of ring or Wilkinson summers.
  • the invention makes it possible to limit the number of lines used as well as the ohmic losses in the conductors and consequently the power generated to compensate for these losses. Nor is it necessary, in order to limit the losses, to perform the energy sums in the MMICs. If the sums are made in the MMICs, the losses are to be dissipated in this already critical place. The heating of the antenna and the ohmic losses are thus reduced.
  • the recombination in space of the four elementary waves emitted by the radiating element leads to a total wave whose power is four times greater than the power of each elementary wave.
  • the total incident wave is broken down into four elementary waves transmitted to the respective excitation circuits.
  • An elementary wave has a power four times lower than the total incident wave. This allows the antenna to be more robust with respect to external attacks, such as illumination of the antenna by a device carrying out intentional or unintentional jamming.
  • the risks of damage to the low noise amplifier are limited. For example, attacks from strong fields will be reduced, by the fact that the elementary signals are not received in the optimum polarization but at 45° (when the emissions are either in Horizontal or Vertical polarization but not obliquely).
  • the antenna of the figure 1 makes it possible to make measurements in crossed polarization, an emission in Horizontal polarization and a reception in Vertical polarization for example by not applying the same first phase shifts in emission and reception.
  • each pair of points emits an elementary wave in linear polarization.
  • the radiating element 11 is capable of generating on its own a polarized wave by recombination in space of the four elementary waves.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown a second example of elementary antenna 200 according to the invention.
  • the planar radiating device 10 is identical to that of the figure 1 .
  • the antenna includes the same transmit/receive circuits 21 to 24 coupled in the same way as on the figure 1 to the respective pairs of excitation points 1+, 1-; 2+, 2-; 3+, 3- and 4+, 4-.
  • the transmission/reception module 222 differs from that of the figure 1 . It comprises emission phase shift means comprising at least one phase shifter making it possible to introduce a first emission phase shift ⁇ 1 between the excitation signals applied to the pairs of excitation points 1+, 1- and 2+, 2- and a second emission phase shift ⁇ 2 between the excitation signals applied to the pairs of points 3+, 3- and 4+, 4-, these two emission phase shifts possibly being different. This makes it possible to emit waves having different polarizations by means of the two quadruplets of points.
  • these transmission phase shift means comprise a first transmission phase shifter 125a and a second transmission phase shifter 125b receiving the same signal, possibly to within an amplitude, and each introducing a phase shift on the received signal so as to introduce the first phase shift in transmission between the excitation signals applied to the pair 1+, 1- and to the pair 2+, 2-.
  • the phase shifting means comprise a third 126a and a fourth 126b transmission phase shifters receiving the same signal, possibly to within an amplitude, and each applying a phase shift to the signal so as to introduce the second phase shift between the excitation signals applied on pair 3+, 3- and on pair 4+, 4-.
  • the first and the second phase shift in transmission can be different.
  • the excitation signals from phase shifters 125a and 125b are injected respectively into the input of circuits 21 and 22.
  • the excitation signals from phase shifters 126a and 126b are injected respectively into the input of circuits 23 and 24. beams having different polarizations by means of the two point quadruplets.
  • the transmission/reception module 222 comprises reception phase shift means 129a, 129b, 130a, 130b making it possible to introduce a first reception phase shift between the excitation signals applied to the pairs of excitation points 1+, 1 - and 2+, 2- and a second reception phase shift ⁇ 2 between the excitation signals applied to the pairs of points 3+, 3- and 4+, 4-, these two phase shifts possibly being different.
  • the receive signals coming out of the receive paths of the respective circuits 21 at 24 are injected into respective receive phase shifters 129a, 129b, 130a, 130b each allowing a phase shift to be introduced into the signal it receives. Each receive signal is injected into one of the phase shifters.
  • phase shifts introduced between the excitation or reception signals of the pairs of points 1+, 1- and 2+, 2- and between the pairs 3+, 3- and 4+, 4- are identical.
  • these phase shifts may be different. This makes it possible to transmit and receive two waves whose polarizations may be different.
  • phase shifts are adjustable.
  • the phase shifts introduced between the transmission or reception signals from pairs of points 1+, 1- and 2+, 2- and between the pairs 3+, 3- and 4+, 4- can advantageously be adjusted so as to independent. It is then possible to independently adjust the polarizations of the elementary waves emitted or measured by the first quadruplet of points 1+, 1-, 2+, 2- and by the second quadruplet of points 3+, 3-, 4+, 4- .
  • the array antenna advantageously comprises an adjustment device 135 making it possible to adjust the phase shifts in transmission and in reception.
  • the antenna comprises so-called pointing phase shift means making it possible to introduce first global phase shifts in transmission between the excitation signals applied to the first quadruplets of points 1+, 1-, 2+, 2- of the elementary antennas respective and second global phase shifts in transmission between the excitation signals applied to the second quadruplets of points 3+, 3-, 4+, 4- of the respective elementary antennas of the array, the first and second global phase shifts in transmission possibly being different and/or first global phase shifts in reception between the reception signals coming from the first quadruplets of points 1+, 1-, 2+, 2- of the respective elementary antennas and second global phase shifts in reception between the reception signals coming from the second quadruplets of points 3+, 3-, 4+, 4- of the respective elementary antennas of the network, the first and second global phase shifts in reception possibly being different. It is then possible to simultaneously emit two beams in two different directions.
  • the global phase shifts in transmission and/or in reception are adjustable.
  • the global phase shifts in transmission and/or in reception can be adjusted independently.
  • Pointing directions are independently adjustable.
  • the device of the figure 4 offers the possibility of measuring a beam in one direction and of transmitting a beam in another direction simultaneously or of making two measurements in two directions simultaneously, the control device then receiving different global signals to control the introduction of the phase shifts in transmission and in reception. It is possible to transmit and receive a signal in one direction and transmit and receive communication in another direction. It is therefore possible to carry out cross transmissions/receptions. It is possible to form a radiation pattern in reception or in transmission covering the secondary lobes and the diffuse to allow opposition functions of secondary lobes (OLS) making it possible to protect the radar from intentional or unintentional jamming signals. It is possible to transmit at different frequencies, which complicates the task of radar detectors (ESM: “Electronic Support Measures” in Anglo-Saxon terminology, ie electronic support measures).
  • these means comprise a control device 136 making it possible to generate a control signal intended for the adjustment device as well as the phase shifters.
  • the signal generator 136 generates a control signal comprising a first signal S1 controlling the introduction of the first phase shift in transmission and reception (when they are identical) and a first global signal S1g controlling the introduction of a first global phase shift to be applied to the signals received at the input of each phase shifter coupled to a pair of the first quadruplet of points 1+, 1-, 2+, 2-.
  • the control device 136 also generates a second signal S2 controlling the introduction of the second phase shift in transmission and reception (when they are identical) and a second global signal S2g controlling the introduction of a global phase shift to be applied to the signals received at the input of each phase shifter coupled to a pair of the second quadruplet of points 3+, 3-, 4+, 4-.
  • the controller 136 receives different control signals to control the introduction of the phase shifts in transmission and reception. It is thus possible to independently control the polarizations and the pointing directions of the waves emitted and measured for each of the quadruplets of points.
  • the emission paths of the two quadruplets of points 1+, 1-, 2+, 2- and 3+, 3-, 4+, 4- are powered by means of two different power sources SO1, SO2. This makes it possible to emit two waves having different frequencies, one by means of the first quadruplet of points 1+, 1-, 2+, 2- and the other by means of the second quadruplet of points 3+, 3-, 4+, 4-, when the sources deliver excitation signals E1 and E2 of different frequencies.
  • the antenna of the figure 4 can thus simultaneously emit two beams directed along two independently adjustable pointing directions at different frequencies.
  • This possibility of pointing two beams in two directions simultaneously makes it possible to have a double beam equivalent: a fast-scanning beam and a slow-scanning beam. For example, a slow beam at 10 rotations per minute can be used in surveillance mode and a fast beam at 1 rotation per second can be used in tracking mode.
  • This scanning mode is not interlaced as in single beam antennas, but can be simultaneous.
  • the possibility of transmitting at different frequencies complicates the task of radar detectors (ESM: Electronic Support Measures). It also allows a data link in one direction and a radar function in another direction.
  • This embodiment also makes it possible to emit two beams of different shapes. A narrow beam or a wide beam can be transmitted depending on the number of elementary antennas of the array which are excited.
  • the transmission/reception module 20 comprises a first splitter 211a making it possible to divide the excitation signal E1 originating from the first source SO1 into two identical signals injected at the input of the two first respective transmission phase shifters 125a, 125b.
  • Circuit 120 comprises a second splitter 211b making it possible to divide the excitation signal E2 originating from the second source into two identical signals injected at the input of the two other respective transmission phase shifters 126a, 126b.
  • the reception signals coming out of the reception phase shifters are summed two by two by means of respective adders 230a, 230b of the module 20.
  • the signals coming from the respective adders are transmitted separately to the remote acquisition electronics.
  • the two signals from the first receive phase shifter 129a receiving as input a receive signal from the first pair of lines 51a, 51b and from the second receive phase shifter 129b receiving as input a receive signal from the second pair of lines 52a , 52b are summed by means of a first adder 230a in order to generate a first output signal SS1.
  • the two signals from the third receive phase shifter 130a receiving as input a receive signal from the third pair of lines 53a, 53b and from the fourth receive phase shifter 130b receiving as input a receive signal from the fourth pair of lines 54a, 54b are summed by means of a second adder 230b in order to generate a second output signal SS2.
  • the signals from the respective adders are transmitted separately to the remote acquisition electronics. This makes it possible to differentiate reception signals having different frequencies.
  • OLS secondary lobes
  • the transmission and/or reception channels associated with the two quadruplets of points can be different, that is to say have different powers and/or passbands of different widths. It is thus possible to provide transmission channels of high power and narrow bandwidth for one of the quadruplets of points, in order to transmit, for example a radar signal, and transmission channels of lower power and wide bandwidth , to emit, for example, jamming signals.
  • the two excitation signals E1 and E2 have the same frequency. We can therefore obtain a more powerful total wave as in the embodiment of the figure 1 . It is also possible to emit two beams at the same frequency in two different directions and/or having different polarizations.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown an elementary antenna 300 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the elementary antenna differs from that of the figure 4 in that its radiating element 311 comprises only the first quadruplet of points 1+, 1-, 2+, 2-.
  • the associated transmission/reception device 320 differs from that of the figure 4 in that it comprises only the part of the transmission/reception device coupled to this quadruplet of points 1+, 1-, 2+, 2-. It only includes the first circuit 21 and the second circuit 22.
  • This elementary antenna is able to emit a wave whose polarization is adjustable and to receive a wave in an adjustable polarization direction.
  • Examples of phases of the signals injected on the lines coupled to the respective coupling points are given in the table of the figure 6 as well as the polarizations obtained.
  • Points 1+ and 2+ have the same excitation (same phases) and points 1- and 2- have the same excitation, opposite to that of the other points.
  • the polarization is therefore vertical, i.e. along the z axis represented on the figure 5 .
  • Global phase shifting means are also possible
  • This elementary antenna also makes it possible to produce array antennas making it possible to emit a total wave whose pointing direction is adjustable.
  • the power of the wave emitted by the device of the figure 5 is on the other hand twice as weak as that emitted by means of the device of the figure 1 .
  • the reduction of the power in reception is twice lower than that of the device of the figure 1 .
  • the excitation points of the elementary antenna of the figure 5 are located on the same side of a third line D3 located in the plane defined by the radiating element 11, passing through the center C and being a bisector of the two lines D1 and D2. This frees up half of the radiating element, to perform other types of excitation for example.
  • the line D3 joins the two vertices of the square.
  • the first quadruplet of points 1-, 1+, 2+ and 2- of the antennas of the figure 1 And 4 are also located on the same side of the line D3 and on the other side of the line D3 with respect to the second quadruplet of points 3+, 3-, 4+, 4-.
  • the transmit/receive circuits coupled to each pair of bridges are identical. Alternatively, these circuits may be different.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP23158398.0A 2017-02-01 2018-02-01 Antenne élémentaire à dispositif rayonnant planaire Pending EP4210172A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1700101A FR3062523B1 (fr) 2017-02-01 2017-02-01 Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire
EP18701503.7A EP3577720B1 (fr) 2017-02-01 2018-02-01 Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire
PCT/EP2018/052529 WO2018141852A1 (fr) 2017-02-01 2018-02-01 Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18701503.7A Division EP3577720B1 (fr) 2017-02-01 2018-02-01 Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire
EP18701503.7A Division-Into EP3577720B1 (fr) 2017-02-01 2018-02-01 Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4210172A1 true EP4210172A1 (fr) 2023-07-12

Family

ID=59699719

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18701503.7A Active EP3577720B1 (fr) 2017-02-01 2018-02-01 Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire
EP23158398.0A Pending EP4210172A1 (fr) 2017-02-01 2018-02-01 Antenne élémentaire à dispositif rayonnant planaire

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18701503.7A Active EP3577720B1 (fr) 2017-02-01 2018-02-01 Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US11063372B2 (he)
EP (2) EP3577720B1 (he)
JP (1) JP7003155B2 (he)
CN (1) CN110574232B (he)
AU (1) AU2018216002B2 (he)
ES (1) ES2945992T3 (he)
FR (1) FR3062523B1 (he)
IL (1) IL268065B2 (he)
WO (1) WO2018141852A1 (he)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102621852B1 (ko) * 2018-12-26 2024-01-08 삼성전자주식회사 복수의 전기적 경로를 이용하여 급전을 받는 도전성 패치를 포함하는 안테나 구조체 및 상기 안테나 구조체를 포함하는 전자 장치
CN110350302B (zh) * 2019-06-13 2020-10-16 深圳大学 一种低交叉极化的全极化可重构天线及其控制方法
US11296814B2 (en) 2019-07-10 2022-04-05 The Mitre Corporation Systems and methods for covert communications
FR3123161B1 (fr) * 2021-05-20 2024-03-15 Thales Sa Antenne réseau planaire
FR3126817B1 (fr) 2021-09-06 2023-09-08 Thales Sa Antenne élémentaire du type agile et du type antenne cavité ; antenne réseau comportant une pluralité de telles antennes élémentaires.
FR3137798A1 (fr) * 2022-07-07 2024-01-12 Thales Antenne élémentaire améliorée du type plan rayonnant alimenté par fentes et antenne réseau active

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140176369A1 (en) * 2012-12-26 2014-06-26 Korea Electronics Technology Institute Patch antenna having a patch fed with multiple signal

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5043738A (en) * 1990-03-15 1991-08-27 Hughes Aircraft Company Plural frequency patch antenna assembly
JP2000223927A (ja) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-11 Nec Corp 円偏波切換形フェーズドアレーアンテナ
JP2001156533A (ja) * 1999-11-29 2001-06-08 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd 車両用アンテナ装置
US6466171B1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2002-10-15 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Microstrip antenna system and method
US7705782B2 (en) * 2002-10-23 2010-04-27 Southern Methodist University Microstrip array antenna
US7084815B2 (en) * 2004-03-22 2006-08-01 Motorola, Inc. Differential-fed stacked patch antenna
US7209080B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2007-04-24 Raytheon Co. Multiple-port patch antenna
US9780437B2 (en) * 2005-06-22 2017-10-03 Michael E. Knox Antenna feed network for full duplex communication
WO2007060148A1 (en) * 2005-11-24 2007-05-31 Thomson Licensing Antenna arrays with dual circular polarization
US8081115B2 (en) * 2007-11-15 2011-12-20 Raytheon Company Combining multiple-port patch antenna
CN101369684B (zh) * 2008-09-19 2012-08-08 江苏安特耐科技有限公司 一种四元凹口天线
FR2940532B1 (fr) * 2008-12-23 2011-04-15 Thales Sa Element rayonnant planaire a polorisation duale et antenne reseau comportant un tel element rayonnant
US8970435B2 (en) * 2012-10-05 2015-03-03 Cambridge Silicon Radio Limited Pie shape phased array antenna design
KR101988382B1 (ko) * 2013-03-29 2019-06-12 삼성전자주식회사 안테나 장치 및 그를 구비하는 전자 기기
FR3039726B1 (fr) * 2015-07-31 2018-06-29 Thales Dispositif d'emission/reception et antenne associee
JP7413672B2 (ja) * 2019-07-25 2024-01-16 日本電気株式会社 アンテナ装置、無線送信機、無線受信機、及び無線通信システム

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140176369A1 (en) * 2012-12-26 2014-06-26 Korea Electronics Technology Institute Patch antenna having a patch fed with multiple signal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11063372B2 (en) 2021-07-13
IL268065B (he) 2022-12-01
WO2018141852A1 (fr) 2018-08-09
AU2018216002A1 (en) 2019-08-22
JP7003155B2 (ja) 2022-02-04
AU2018216002B2 (en) 2022-06-02
FR3062523A1 (fr) 2018-08-03
ES2945992T3 (es) 2023-07-11
IL268065A (he) 2019-09-26
FR3062523B1 (fr) 2019-03-29
EP3577720A1 (fr) 2019-12-11
CN110574232B (zh) 2021-12-10
EP3577720B1 (fr) 2023-05-10
IL268065B2 (he) 2023-04-01
CN110574232A (zh) 2019-12-13
US20190372240A1 (en) 2019-12-05
JP2020505892A (ja) 2020-02-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3577720B1 (fr) Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire
EP0600799B1 (fr) Antenne active à synthèse de polarisation variable
WO2018141882A1 (fr) Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire
EP2656438B1 (fr) Cellule rayonnante a deux etats de phase pour reseau transmetteur
EP3329550B1 (fr) Dispositif d'emission/reception et antenne associee
EP0012055B1 (fr) Source primaire monopulse imprimée et antenne comportant une telle source
EP0315141A1 (fr) Dispositif d'excitation d'un guide d'onde en polarisation circulaire par une antenne plane
FR3007215A1 (fr) Source pour antenne parabolique
FR2968846A1 (fr) Systeme d'antennes multifaisceaux
EP3176875B1 (fr) Architecture d'antenne active a formation de faisceaux hybride reconfigurable
FR2873236A1 (fr) Dispositif rayonnant omnidirectionnel large bande
FR2831734A1 (fr) Dispositif pour la reception et/ou l'emission de signaux electromagnetiques a diversite de rayonnement
EP1533866B1 (fr) Architecture d'antenne adaptative multifaisceaux à formation de faisceaux par le calcul
EP3900113B1 (fr) Antenne microruban élémentaire et antenne réseau
EP3910729B1 (fr) Transducteur orthomode large bande
EP3941009A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de réception et de démodulation d'un signal rf modulé en amplitude
EP2656437A1 (fr) Circuit formateur de faisceau et système d'antenne comprenant un tel circuit
EP4092831A1 (fr) Antenne à réseau de distribution lacunaire
EP2889955B1 (fr) Structure antennaire compacte pour télécommunications par satellites
FR3077695A1 (fr) Dispositif et procede d'emission/reception de signaux radioelectriques
EP0546901A1 (fr) Antenne légère à multipolarisation

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

AC Divisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number: 3577720

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: P

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20231114

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR