EP4207537A1 - Procédé et module de batterie avec détermination d'état - Google Patents

Procédé et module de batterie avec détermination d'état Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4207537A1
EP4207537A1 EP21218153.1A EP21218153A EP4207537A1 EP 4207537 A1 EP4207537 A1 EP 4207537A1 EP 21218153 A EP21218153 A EP 21218153A EP 4207537 A1 EP4207537 A1 EP 4207537A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery unit
predetermined level
battery
input power
state
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP21218153.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulf KROHN
Johan FORSLÖF
Andreas DUNGE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polarium Energy Solutions AB
Original Assignee
Polarium Energy Solutions AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polarium Energy Solutions AB filed Critical Polarium Energy Solutions AB
Priority to EP21218153.1A priority Critical patent/EP4207537A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2022/087179 priority patent/WO2023126268A1/fr
Publication of EP4207537A1 publication Critical patent/EP4207537A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/386—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables using test-loads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to the field of battery modules. More specifically it relates to monitoring a state of health of a battery module, particularly a battery module including a battery unit comprising lithium ion-based battery cells.
  • batteries are used as a backup in case of failure of a power supply, for example in the form of uninterruptible power supplies. In areas having stable power grids, such backup batteries may be used less than once a year.
  • SoH state of health
  • functionality of the battery is often not known. Therefore, the battery may not function as desired when a power failure occurs, and the powered equipment may go down. Further, keeping lithium-ion battery cells at a constant high state of charge (SoC) reduces the lifetime of the battery cells.
  • SoC state of charge
  • a battery module comprises a battery unit arranged to receive an input power from an external power source and, in absence of the input power, supply power to a load.
  • the battery module further comprises a control unit configured to perform a charging cycle when said input power is available.
  • the charging cycle comprises charging the battery unit to a first predetermined level, by using (drawing power from) the external power source, i.e. using the input power.
  • the charging cycle further comprises disconnecting the battery unit from the input power once the first predetermined level is reached. Further, the charging cycle comprises allowing the battery unit to discharge to a second predetermined level.
  • the control unit is configured to determine a discharge time for the battery unit to reach the second predetermined level from the first predetermined level (i.e. the time to discharge from the first predetermined level to the second predetermined level). Further, the control unit is configured to determine a state of health (SoH) of the battery unit based on the determined discharge time.
  • the charging cycle further comprises reconnecting the battery unit to the input power for recharging the battery unit to the first predetermined level.
  • the battery module may, for example, be arranged as part of an uninterruptable power supply for the load.
  • the external power source may be arranged to provide the input power to the battery module and to power the load.
  • the load When the external power source is active, the load is powered, and the battery unit of the battery module may be charged in parallel. If the external power source fails to provide power, such as for example during a power cut, the battery module loses its input power, and the load loses its power. The battery module may then automatically provide power to the load, such that the load remains in function.
  • a battery module which may provide a high level of charge of the battery unit in case the input power disappears, such as if the external power source fails, while at the same time providing an extended lifetime of the battery module.
  • the battery module when an input power is received at the battery module, the battery module is subject to a charging cycle including periods during which the battery unit of the battery module is discharged such that it is not constantly maintained at its maximum (or a very high) level of charge.
  • the charging cycle typically includes periods during which the battery unit is discharged from a high level of charge to a lower level of charge and periods during which the battery unit is charged (or recharged) from the lower level of charge to the high level of charge. These periods may be repeated sequentially (i.e. discharge, charge, discharge, charge).
  • the battery module may provide information relating to the state of health of the battery module when it is not used to power the load.
  • the state of charge, i.e. the level of charge, of the battery unit may be determined in different ways.
  • the state of charge may be determined by measuring the voltage of the battery unit and by using a known curve (preferably a known discharge curve) relating the voltage of the battery unit to its state of charge.
  • a known curve preferably a known discharge curve
  • the voltage measured at the battery unit indicates the state of charge of the battery unit.
  • the state of charge of the battery unit may be measured before and after a known energy amount is required to be delivered by the battery unit. A comparison may then be made between an expected state of charge of the battery unit with the measured state of charge of the battery unit after the known energy amount has been delivered by the battery unit. For example, assuming that the state of charge of a battery unit initially varies from 80% to 70% to deliver a certain energy amount, if the state of charge of the battery unit varies from 80% to 65% at a later time, the state of health of the battery unit has become reduced.
  • the battery unit may be discharged using a known load for a known period of time (thereby determining a known energy amount to be delivered), after which the voltage (i.e. the state of charge) of the battery unit is measured and is compared with an expected voltage (i.e. an expected state of charge) of the battery unit.
  • the same general principle is applied in that a discharge time is determined for the battery unit to reach the second predetermined level from the first predetermined level.
  • the first and second predetermined levels are obtained by measuring the voltage levels at the battery unit. If the discharge time for reaching the second predetermined level from the first predetermined level decreases between two measurements, this means that the state of health of the battery unit has decreased.
  • the battery unit may be discharged between the first predetermined level and the second predetermined level with a known load.
  • the discharge time may be compared with earlier measured values for obtaining the same discharge of the battery unit.
  • the state of health may then be determined based on a comparison between the measured discharge time and an expected discharge time.
  • the state of charge is defined relative to the present state of health of the battery unit.
  • 100% SoC means that the battery unit is fully charged, at its present capacity.
  • BOL beginning of life
  • the SoH of the battery unit may decrease over time, for example due to environmental conditions, power surges or general aging.
  • the SoH is a measure of the condition of a battery (e.g. battery unit) compared to its ideal conditions.
  • the SoH may be, at least in part, related to the actual capacity of the battery unit, as compared with the initial (ideal) capacity.
  • the results may be different.
  • the aged battery unit has a total capacity of 90 Ah, due to aging, the fully charged state (SoC 100%) corresponds to 90 Ah capacity.
  • Discharging the battery unit with a constant current of 1 A for 10 h would result in a remaining capacity of 80 Ah, corresponding to 88% SoC.
  • a SoC of 90% corresponds to a remaining capacity of 81 Ah. Therefore, at t AGE , a shorter discharge time, namely 9h, is required for the battery unit to reach the level of 90% SoC (i.e. 81 Ah), using the constant current of 1A.
  • the present capacity of the battery unit may be estimated by comparing the determined discharge time t d with initial values, or earlier values. From the actual capacity, the SoH of the battery unit may be determined.
  • the SoH may, for example, be calculated using aging data which is provided by the cell manufacturer.
  • the actual capacity may be determined and compared with the initial capacity of the battery cells. More precise values may be reached by using both values determined using aging data and values determined based on the capacity comparison.
  • the procedure for determining the state of health of the battery module is introduced as a part of the charging cycle in that the state of health is determined based on the discharge time between the first predetermined level and the second predetermined level. Including this procedure as a part of the charging cycle is beneficial in that it is less invasive than other methods in which the battery module may have to perform a separate procedure and, in some cases, also requires to disconnect the battery module from the load, thereby losing its functionality as backup during the procedure for determination of the state of health of the battery module.
  • the control unit may be configured to continuously (or repeatedly) perform the charging cycle.
  • the battery unit is first charged to the first predetermined level of state of charge (SoC).
  • SoC state of charge
  • This first predetermined level may be a high level, i.e. reaching almost 100%.
  • the battery unit is disconnected from the input power.
  • the battery unit may begin to discharge.
  • the discharge of the battery unit may for example be due to the stand-by power consumption from the control unit (or controller, also named battery management system, BMS) of the battery module. In other words, the discharge of the battery unit may be due to power consumption from internal components or units of the battery module.
  • a dedicated load or resistance may be provided for discharging the battery unit.
  • the input power is reconnected, and the battery unit may be recharged back up to the first predetermined level.
  • the determination of the discharge time, and thereby the determination of the state of health, may be performed while the battery unit is being recharged.
  • Using a charging/discharging cycle may prolong the lifetime of the battery unit, as the battery is not kept at maximum capacity for long periods of time.
  • allowing the battery unit to self-discharge, and/or to discharge using internal units (components/equipment) may result in the battery unit discharging at a slow, steady and/or controlled rate.
  • Such a discharge rate may allow for a reliable discharge time measurement, and lead to an improved SoH estimate.
  • the SoH estimation can be performed repeatedly without interrupting the power supply to the load.
  • the SoH may in principle be determined for every charging cycle.
  • the frequency at which the SOH is estimated may naturally be configured (i.e. every charging cycle or with a certain number of charging cycles between two estimations).
  • changes in the SoH may be monitored, and planning of maintenance may be facilitated. The risk of the battery unit not functioning when it is needed may therefore be reduced.
  • the first predetermined level may be 95% or higher.
  • the battery unit may, thus, be discharged during the charging cycle and still retain enough charge to power the load. Consequently, the battery module may be in a state suitable for providing power to the load at all times during the charging cycle.
  • the first predetermined level may correspond to the battery being fully charged, such as the state of charge (SoC) being 100%.
  • the second predetermined level may be 70% or higher.
  • the second predetermined level may be selected such that it corresponds to a shallow discharge of the battery unit. Hence, in case the external power supply fails when the battery unit has discharged to the second predetermined level during the charging cycle, enough battery power remains to power the load for some time.
  • the second predetermined level may therefore be selected based on a desired (or required) operation time of the battery module as backup in case of power failure of the external power source.
  • the second predetermined level may also be selected such that it is low enough for a reliable determination of the SoH of the battery unit, i.e. for a reliable voltage measurement of the capacity of the battery unit to be achieved.
  • the second predetermined level may be 80% or higher, such as 90% or higher.
  • control unit may be powered by the battery unit and the discharge of the battery unit between the first predetermined level and the second predetermined level may include discharging power from the battery unit to the control unit.
  • the power consumption of the control unit may be known and the control unit drawing power from the battery unit may provide for a more controlled and/or more predictable discharge of the battery unit. Therefore, the estimation of the state of health may be improved.
  • the battery module may further comprise an adjustable load resistance.
  • the control unit may further be configured to discharge the battery unit to the second determined level using the adjustable load resistance.
  • the adjustable load resistance may be adjusted to keep the discharge rate in a predefined or desired interval, which may improve the SoH estimation.
  • the battery module may further comprise a (non-adjustable) load resistance, which may be used in discharging the battery unit to the second determined level.
  • control unit may further be configured to transmit information relating to the state of health to an external recipient.
  • control unit may be configured to transmit this information to an operator of the battery module and/or of the load.
  • battery modules are used as backup power sources for important infrastructure in remote locations. Access to the site may be difficult. Visits to the site, for example for maintenance or inspection, may be rare. Providing information relating to the SoH of the battery module/unit, may allow a remote operator to plan maintenance and/or replacement in due time.
  • the information relating to the state of health may comprise a warning message if the determined state of health is below a predetermined threshold.
  • the load may be a piece of telecommunication equipment.
  • Battery modules used as a backup power source may for example be employed to ensure that important infrastructure remains functional in case of a blackout.
  • Telecommunication equipment such as a telecommunication base station is one example of such an important part of infrastructure.
  • telecommunication is especially important to coordinate rescue and restoration activities.
  • telecommunication equipment may be located at remote sites.
  • a method for operating a battery unit is provided.
  • the battery unit is arranged to receive an input power from an external power source and, in absence of the input power, to supply power to a load.
  • the method comprises, when the input power is available, performing a charging cycle.
  • the charging cycle comprises charging the battery unit to a first predetermined level using the input power (i.e. drawing power from the external power source).
  • the charging cycle further comprises disconnecting the battery unit from the input power once the first predetermined level is reached.
  • the charging cycle further comprises allowing the battery unit to discharge to a second predetermined level.
  • the charging cycle further comprises determining a discharge time for the battery unit from the first predetermined level to the second predetermined level and determining a state of health of the battery unit based on the determined discharge time.
  • the charging cycle further comprises reconnecting the battery unit to the input power for recharging the battery unit to the first predetermined level.
  • the first predetermined level may be 95% or higher.
  • the second predetermine level may be 70% or higher.
  • the discharging may include supplying power to a control unit of a battery module in which the battery unit is arranged.
  • the method may for example be implemented in, and/or performed by, the control unit.
  • the method may further comprise discharging the battery unit to the second predetermined level using an adjustable load resistance.
  • the method may further include adjusting the adjustable load resistance.
  • the adjustable load resistance may be adjusted to achieve a desired discharge rate.
  • the method may further comprise transmitting information relating to the state of health to a recipient.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic illustration of a power installation 110 (or power system) for powering a load 130.
  • the load 130 is a piece of telecommunication equipment such as a base station.
  • the power installation 110 receives power 121 from an external power source, such as a main power source, a power grid, a power generator, or an external battery.
  • the received power 121 may be converted in an (optional) power supply unit 120 or converter.
  • the power supply unit 120 may receive AC voltage at 90-440 V, 50-60 Hz, or DC voltage at 100-500 V.
  • the power supply unit 120 may convert the received power to e.g. 24 V DC or 48 V DC, or any power suitable for powering the load 130.
  • the load 130 is powered by the (potentially converted) received power 123. However, when no power 121, or insufficient power, is received, the load 130 is powered by the battery module 100.
  • the battery module 100 may be arranged such that when the input power 122 (to the battery module 100) disappears, the battery module 100 automatically starts feeding power 124 to the load 130.
  • FIG 2 is a schematic illustration of a battery module 100.
  • the battery module 100 receives an input power 122, from an external power source, which may be used to charge the battery unit 204 of the battery module.
  • the battery unit 204 may provide an output power 124 to the load 130.
  • the controller 202 of the battery module is configured to perform a charging cycle 4000, as illustrated in the flowchart shown in Figure 4 and in the graph of Figure 3 .
  • the battery unit 204 is charged at 4010 to a first level or state of charge (SoC) l 1 .
  • SoC state of charge
  • the battery unit 204 is disconnected at 4030 from the input power 122 and allowed to discharge at 4040.
  • the discharge at 4040 may be due to self-discharge, i.e. the battery unit 204 discharging without any connection between the electrodes or any external circuit, often due to internal chemical reactions.
  • controller 202 may be powered by the battery unit 204.
  • the discharge may then be due at least in part to the self-discharge of the battery unit and the power consumption by the controller, which may increase the rate of discharge.
  • the battery module 100 may further comprise an adjustable load resistance 206 which may be used to improve control of the discharge rate.
  • the adjustable load resistance 206 may comprise a network of resistors which may be switched in and out to adapt the resistance of the network.
  • the adjustable load resistance 206 may be part of a cell balancing resistor network, used to balance the charge between individual cells of the battery unit 204.
  • the controller 202 may be further adapted to control the adjustable load resistance 206.
  • the battery module may comprise a (non-adjustable) load resistance (not illustrated), used for discharging the battery unit from the first level to the second level.
  • the battery unit 204 When the battery unit 204 has been discharged to the second level l 2 (at time t 2 , step 4050), the battery unit 204 is reconnected (step 4060) to the input power 122 and allowed to (re-)charge at 4010 to the first level l 1 again. Further, a discharge time t d is determined at 4052. The discharge time t d is the time necessary for the battery unit 204 to discharge from the first level l 1 to the second level 12.
  • the discharge time t d is related to the state of health (SoH) of the battery unit 204.
  • the beginning of life (BOL) capacity of the battery unit is known. As the battery ages, the discharge time from the first level l 1 (e.g. full charge) to the second level 12, for a given load/discharge rate, will become shorter, as the capacity of the battery unit decreases.
  • the actual (current/present) capacity of the battery unit may be estimated by comparing the determined discharge time t d with initial values, or earlier values. From the actual capacity, the SoH of the battery unit may be determined.
  • a state of health of the battery unit 204 is determined 4054.
  • Information relating to the SoH may (optionally) be transmitted 4056 to a recipient.
  • the method and battery module 100 described with reference to Figures 1-4 may provide that the state of health of the battery unit 204 is repeatedly determined. Therefore, changes in the SoH may be monitored, and planning of maintenance may be facilitated. Further, the risk of the battery unit not functioning when it is needed may be reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
EP21218153.1A 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Procédé et module de batterie avec détermination d'état Withdrawn EP4207537A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21218153.1A EP4207537A1 (fr) 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Procédé et module de batterie avec détermination d'état
PCT/EP2022/087179 WO2023126268A1 (fr) 2021-12-29 2022-12-21 Procédé et module de batterie avec détermination de l'état de santé

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21218153.1A EP4207537A1 (fr) 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Procédé et module de batterie avec détermination d'état

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4207537A1 true EP4207537A1 (fr) 2023-07-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21218153.1A Withdrawn EP4207537A1 (fr) 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Procédé et module de batterie avec détermination d'état

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4207537A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023126268A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120248876A1 (en) * 2009-10-23 2012-10-04 Hideki Tamura Power supply apparatus
US20170212174A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2017-07-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Backup power supply system, deterioration estimating device, and deterioration estimating method
DE102020201836A1 (de) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Alterungszustandes mindestens einer elektrischen Energiespeichereinheit

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120248876A1 (en) * 2009-10-23 2012-10-04 Hideki Tamura Power supply apparatus
US20170212174A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2017-07-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Backup power supply system, deterioration estimating device, and deterioration estimating method
DE102020201836A1 (de) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Alterungszustandes mindestens einer elektrischen Energiespeichereinheit

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Publication number Publication date
WO2023126268A1 (fr) 2023-07-06

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