EP4204161A1

EP4204161A1 - Method and device for producing wood shavings

Info

Publication number: EP4204161A1
Application number: EP21790112.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Martin Langhardt
Original assignee: Swiss Krono Tec AG
Current assignee: Swiss Krono Tec AG
Priority date: 2020-10-19
Filing date: 2021-10-05
Publication date: 2023-07-05
Also published as: WO2022084031A1; EP3984646A1; US20240017440A1; ES2954903T3; CN116390816A; EP3984646B8; PL3984646T3; EP3984646B1; EP3984646C0

Abstract

According to the invention, in order to provide a method which allows for improved provision of wood shavings, a method for producing wood shavings for the manufacture of particle boards, in particular made from recycled wood, comprises: supplying material in at least one first carrier structure; automatically sorting the material to be comminuted a first time in at least one second carrier structure; comminuting the material in at least one third carrier structure; and automatically sorting the comminuted material a second time in at least one fourth carrier structure; wherein the first, second, third and fourth carrier structures are each located so as to be semi-mobile on a foundation and/or on a supporting structure and are interconnected either directly or via material-carrying lines, wherein the supplied material is conveyed from the material supply unit through a first material-carrying line to the first automatic sorting unit and is sorted, and is supplied from the first automatic sorting unit through a second material-carrying line to the material comminution unit and is comminuted in the latter to form wood shavings, and is supplied from there through a third material-carrying line to the second automatic sorting unit in which the wood shavings are automatically sorted, whereupon the wood shavings are provided for the manufacture of particle boards. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.

Description

Description Process and device for producing wood chips

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing wood chips for the production of chipboard.

The majority of wood chips are produced industrially from unprocessed or processed wood and used for the production of wood-based materials. For this purpose, high-performance devices are erected in a stationary manner, usually in halls or shelters.

If smaller quantities of another wood-based material, e.g. As recycled wood, to be processed into wood chips, the other wood-based material is added to the unprocessed or unprocessed raw material for chip production. It is obvious that this process, in which different materials have to be processed in a disorderly manner, is not easy to control.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device which allow improved provision of wood chips.

The object is achieved with a method according to claim 1 and a device according to claim 12.

The method according to the invention for producing wood chips for the production of chipboard, in particular from recycled wood, has the following elements or steps: a material supply in at least a first supporting structure, a first mechanical sorting for the material to be shredded in at least a second supporting structure, a material shredding in at least a third support structure and a second mechanical sorting for the shredded material in at least one A fourth support structure, with the first, second, third and fourth support structure being arranged semi-mobile on a foundation and/or on a support structure and being connected either directly to one another or by material-carrying lines, with the supplied material being supplied from the material supply through a first material-carrying line conveyed to the first machine sorting, sorted and fed through a second material-carrying line from the first machine sorting to the material shredding and crushed there into wood chips and from there through a third material-carrying line to the second machine sorting, where the wood chips are sorted by machine and then the wood chips be provided for the production of chipboard. According to the invention, the first and second sorting takes place by machine.

The selection of aggregates for material feeding, sorting and shredding in a size that they can be mounted in a supporting structure is an element of the invention. Such aggregates are available. However, these are aggregates that are usually installed in halls or buildings on solid foundations, which are therefore immobile. You can according to the invention z. B. can be adapted to the installation in a supporting structure by adjusting the attachment points.

The assembly of the units and, if necessary, the control in a support structure is another essential element of the invention. According to a preferred embodiment, carriers, mostly metal carriers, e.g. B. I-beam made of steel, added to a supporting structure, which is based on the respective unit, its weight and its weight distribution and special features such. B. is adjusted during operation, for example the vibration behavior. If necessary, the supporting structure is reinforced by steel profiles or steel sheets inserted in sections or completely between the supports, in particular at the support or attachment points of the units and/or in the area of connections for manipulating the supporting structure and in the area of connections for attaching the supporting structure to means of transport. The steel sections or steel sheets are preferably welded to the supports, but they can also be detachably or permanently connected to the supports in other ways, e.g. B. by rivets, bolts or screws. As a result, the supporting structure is optimally adapted to the fuse or attachment of the unit to the supporting structure.

This support structure, in which the respective unit is then inserted, is preferably clad at least in sections with walls on the floor, sides and ceiling, so that a container is formed. If necessary, e.g. B. a wall is completely or partially missing if a unit cannot be completely accommodated in a container. If the term container is used in connection with this invention, this essentially means a support structure that is clad at least in sections with a floor, walls and/or ceiling. Ports for manipulating the container can also be fitted where the center of gravity of the particular container allows so that the container with the unit fitted therein can be safely manipulated. For other aggregates that do not have any special requirements for the container, e.g. B. also commercially available, prefabricated containers, z. B. sea containers are used, z. B. for housing the control unit.

If it is necessary to place a container above ground level without being able to place it on another support structure or another container, it is advisable to place the container on a simple support structure, which is referred to in the context of this invention as a support structure, where the support structure does not contain any aggregate, but only consists of interconnected beams.

The support structure preferably has the same length and width as the support structure or container used for the device, which contain aggregates. The height of the supporting structure can preferably be adjusted individually, so that the various supporting or supporting structures or containers can be set up at the optimum height in relation to one another. The same fastening and carrying devices are advantageously used for the supporting structure as they also have the supporting structures or containers with aggregates. The connections that the supporting structure or the container already has for manipulation and transport can preferably be used to secure the supporting structure or the container that contains a unit to the supporting structure that does not contain any unit. If necessary, additional connections can be made to secure the supporting structure or the container with the unit on the Support structure can be created without a unit. Preference is given to detachable connections, e.g. B. screwed or plugged or form-fitting connections.

According to the invention, aggregates such as material supply, first and second sorting and material shredding, material separation and buffers are arranged in a supporting structure. Supporting structures that are transportable are particularly preferred. Typical support structures within the meaning of the invention correspond in size to z. B. standard 20-foot or 40-foot containers on means of transport such. B. trucks or can be transported by train. For this purpose, the supporting structures are preferably provided with connections that allow the supporting structures to be manipulated and to be fastened to the means of transport. However, since the aggregates required for the production of wood chips are very heavy and usually have an uneven weight distribution, conventional sea containers are generally not well suited; instead, the support structures described above, which are individualized for the respective aggregate, are used according to the invention.

On the one hand, the aggregates that are used to carry out the method can be completely accommodated in a supporting structure. A typical unit that can be accommodated in a supporting structure is the material feed. Alternatively, a unit can also be subdivided into segments and housed in two or more supporting structures. Typical here is the sorting, which in a simple version can also be accommodated in a supporting structure. However, both the first and the second sorting are preferably designed in multiple stages. The individual stages of the first or second sorting form segments that can be divided into two or more supporting structures if necessary. According to the invention, the sorting takes place by machine. The above-mentioned second and fourth supporting structures for the sorting can thus each be designed as a group of at least two supporting structures. The invention does not provide for manual sorting.

The individual units of the device can be stably attached to or in a supporting structure by means of detachable or non-detachable connections. If necessary, a single unit can also be attached to a supporting structure on a damping mount, especially if the respective unit is subject to vibrations or vibrations during operation. causes sound waves. The problem of vibrations, in particular sound waves, can be further taken into account by the described arrangement of a support structure on a foundation, a simple support structure or another container. If the supporting structure is designed as a container, vibrations caused by sound sources can advantageously be dampened by a corresponding sound-insulating coating on the inner walls, the floor and/or the ceiling of the container, better than would be possible in a hall or another building. The device according to the invention can therefore also be set up in an environment in which only a limited noise exposure is permissible. Advantageously, the support structure used according to the invention, if it is designed as a container, has at least one closable opening, e.g. B. opens a door that simplifies maintenance and, if necessary, repairing the unit installed in the special container. In particular, a container used for the control, e.g. B. a prefabricated container has doors. It has also been found that the individual units with the transport structure do not exceed the permissible weight of a transport vehicle, so that particularly if the support structure does not exceed the dimensions of a 20-foot or 40-foot container, a semi-mobile device for carrying out the invention procedure can be used.

According to the invention, the support structures with the units arranged therein are not left on the vehicles. Rather, they are set up on a foundation, in particular on spot foundations, which can be produced quickly, inexpensively and easily, but without being permanently connected to the foundation.

If necessary, the supporting structures, supporting structures or containers can be stacked on top of each other. This embodiment is particularly preferred when, following the material flow from the supplied material to the wood chip, the outlet of a container through which the material first passes can be arranged above the inlet of a container through which the material subsequently passes. Typically this can e.g. B. done in a multi-level sorting.

From the description for setting up the supporting structure or the container, it is clear that the device according to the invention for the production of wood chips very can be set up easily and without much preparation. Accordingly, the device can also be easily dismantled and re-erected at a different location. So it's semi-mobile.

The device according to the invention can easily be supplemented or reduced by further units, depending on the requirements resulting from the heating material used or the requirements for the wood chips to be produced. A building does not have to be erected in order to set up the device according to the invention.

The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can be scaled as desired in terms of performance, e.g. B. also by installing two or more parallel production lines for the production of wood chips. A typical performance of a production line e.g. B. with an equipment according to claim 1 or 11 can hold a capacity of 21 per hour to 151 per hour of wood chips. Whereby the hacker capacity z. B. of at least 6 tons per hour, preferably 10 tons per hour. Sorting can reach capacities of up to 20 tons per hour, depending on the container size chosen. With 20-foot containers, the sorting can have a capacity, e.g. 101 per hour, preferably 121 per hour. On the other hand, with 40-foot containers, up to 20 t per hour can be sorted. It is therefore obvious to adapt the sorting capacity to the performance of the hacker.

The material-carrying lines that connect the supporting structures or the container or the aggregates mounted therein, such as material supply, first sorting, material shredding, second sorting and, if necessary, buffers or material separators, are preferably of modular design, ie z. B. from screwed line sections. In this way, the lines can be adapted to the respective design or the respective location of the device according to the invention. The material to be shredded or the wood chips are in the material-carrying lines, especially in pipelines z. B. conveyed by gravity, vibration, as a suction line or by means of compressed air. If necessary, conveyor belts, trough chain conveyors or the like can be used as material-carrying lines, the material or the wood chips then on the circulating belts from one of the units described above to the next or from can be conveyed from one sorting level to the next. The conveyor belts can be open or closed.

The process according to the invention can be carried out continuously or batchwise, preference being given to continuous process operation. The supply of material to be comminuted for the material supply is preferably designed to be continuous. The device and the method according to the invention are suitable for comminuting any heating material. However, the material to be shredded is preferably recycled wood, in particular untreated or uncoated recycled wood, e.g. B. from used packaging material such as crates or pallets, which is available in much smaller quantities and decentralized, i.e. in a different spatial distribution. In addition, it is often a question of large-volume material that is difficult or expensive to transport. The material to be comminuted is preferably supplied in a size of up to 500 mm, advantageously up to 300 mm in the maximum extent. The device according to the invention or the method according to the invention is therefore possibly preceded by a first device for reducing the maximum size of the material to be comminuted.

The material supply of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention advantageously has a receiving container, which may also consist of the first supporting structure, which can usually consist of a container with closed side walls and bottom, or which is inserted into the first supporting structure. The material to be shredded is introduced via an inlet, advantageously via an open top of the container. Furthermore, the material supply has an outlet, which feeds the supplied wood material in doses to the subsequent processing units, initially to the first sorting. The discharge can z. B. be designed as a moving floor or as a discharge screw. If necessary, a sloping floor has been drawn into the receiving container, which feeds the wood material contained therein to the discharge. From the discharge, the material to be shredded is metered, i.e. in a uniform flow of material, via the first material-carrying line to the first sorter.

The first sorting concerns the sorting of the material to be shredded. At least one specified fraction that is suitable for the subsequent material shredding is sorted. Pieces that are too large are sorted out, if necessary also pieces that are too small. in particular chunks that are too large can be fed back to the shredder before the material is fed in. If necessary, different fractions of the material to be shredded can be sorted, e.g. B. are supplied to various crushing devices in the material crushing. Sorting is done e.g. B. with the help of grates, screens, vibrating screens, vibrators or conveyor belts, each through an air classification, z. B. via a suction air or compressed air line and / or by vibration, wherein the aggregates of the first sorting are arranged in a second supporting structure and the aggregates of the second sorting in a fourth supporting structure. In the simplest case, the sorting is carried out in one stage, but it is preferably carried out in several stages. A typical sorting has e.g. B. a combination of a vibrating chute and a screen, such as a roller or disc screen. The second sorting, which is arranged in at least a fourth supporting structure, follows after the material has been shredded. It is connected to the material shredder via the third material-carrying line and is designed to sort wood chips. Here, too, vibrators, sieves or grates are used. Here, too, compressed air or vibration is used for sorting. Here, too, it is preferable to return excessively large chips back to before material shredding in order to avoid rejects. According to the invention, both the first and the second sorting are carried out by machine.

The sorting, in particular the first sorting, can be carried out by other units, in particular by material separators, e.g. B. for metal or plastic, are supplemented. Typical aggregates for material separation are magnets, X-ray devices, NIR devices (NIR Near Infrared) or gravity separators.

The wood material, which is sorted as accept in the first sorting and has the desired dimensions, is fed to the material crusher by means of the second material-carrying line. The material shredding is arranged in the third support structure. Material comminution can be carried out with one of the following devices: impact mechanism, hammer, mill, crusher or chipper or with a combination of these devices. The aim is to produce chips, in particular from lumpy wood material. Since recycled wood is preferably to be comminuted, the comminuting device is advantageously designed to comminute dried wood with a moisture content of up to 30% by weight. According to a further embodiment, the method according to the invention can be carried out with at least one buffer, which can be arranged before or after at least one of the above units (material supply, first sorting, material comminution, second sorting). A container is preferably used as a buffer or a buffer which is arranged in a support structure. The material to be stored in the buffer is fed via a material-carrying line and an inlet and fed to the downstream unit via an outlet and a material-carrying line or used as a store for finished wood chips.

In general, it can be stated that a support structure or a container, which is used either as a buffer or with a unit arranged therein, has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet and/or outlet are preferably each connected to a material-carrying line or are penetrated by a material-carrying line.

The individual above aggregates that must or can be used to carry out the method according to the invention are each connected to a controller for monitoring and control or regulation, which is arranged in a fifth container, which can also be a known standard container. The controller is connected to the individual units via control connections that are designed either as lines or wirelessly. In addition, the controller is connected via control connections to sensors that detect the operating state of the devices and whose signals are used by the control unit in particular to regulate the individual units, preferably to regulate them in a coordinated manner. Furthermore, the control unit ensures that the wood chips produced meet the specified requirements, e.g. B. by adjusting the sorting and/or the shredding of the material. If required, the controller can also start up or shut down individual units. According to an advantageous development of the invention, individual units of the device can also be put into operation without the controller, e.g. B. to sort a batch of raw material or a batch of chips.

Details are explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. It demonstrate:

1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention;

2 shows a schematic representation of a material feed;

3 shows a schematic representation of sorting according to a first embodiment; 4 shows a schematic representation of sorting according to a second embodiment; 5 shows a schematic representation of a material shredder;

Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a buffer;

7 shows a schematic representation of a suction device

8 shows a schematic representation of a support structure.

According to Fig. 1, a device 2 according to the invention for the production of wood chips has as aggregates of the device 2 a material feed 4, a first sorting 6, a material shredding 8, a second sorting 10, a control 12 and as optional aggregates a suction device 14, a material separator 16 and a buffer 18. All of the aforementioned units 4 to 18 are each arranged in a support structure 3, which can also be designed as a container, i.e. at least in sections with a floor, walls or ceiling.

FIG. 8 shows a support structure 3 which is prepared to receive a unit of the device according to the invention. The supporting structure 3 is made up of beams 3a, constructed here from double T-beams made of steel, which are detachably or permanently connected to one another, e.g. B. are welded together. In addition, it is preferred, as shown in FIG. 8, that at the ends of the supporting structure 3 two outer closed frames 3b made of interconnected beams 3a are arranged. An additional closed frame 3c is preferably also arranged, which gives additional stability to the supporting structure 3 in a mostly central arrangement. In each case between the outer closed frame 3b and the middle closed frame 3c, in the embodiment according to FIG. In the present case, the steel profile 3e is two steel sheets which are connected to one another at a distance and on which the respective unit is fastened. In general, such steel profiles 3e or steel sheets depending on Need to be mounted in sections in the walls, in the ceiling or the floor of the supporting structure in order to optimally fasten or secure the aggregate to be accommodated in the supporting structure 3. Additional components can optionally be attached between the steel profile 3e or sheet steel or the double T-beams of the supporting structure 3 and the unit to be fastened, e.g. B. for sound or vibration damping.

The carrier 3a of the supporting structure spans a space whose base area 3d is freely chosen, but which is preferably rectangular and z. B. corresponds to the dimensions of a 20-foot sea container. The height of the support structure can also be freely selected, but is preferably tailored to the fact that the support structure 3 is transportable. The height of the support structure is preferably such that a transport z. B. is possible by truck or train. If the support structure 3 accommodates a unit according to the invention, the height of the support structure is preferably limited to the height of a 20-foot sea container. The height of the supporting structure 3 can also be chosen to be lower than a 20-foot sea container if it does not accommodate an aggregate according to the invention, but is designed as a simple supporting structure or supporting structure that is intended to support a supporting structure 3 that is a Aggregate receives, to be placed on the simple support or support structure.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the support structure 3 is generally designed as a container in this exemplary embodiment, ie it has at least in sections a floor 3f and side walls 3g and, if necessary, a ceiling 3h, e.g. B. to avoid contamination of the units or for reasons of noise protection. Means 3i for fastening the supporting structure 3 are preferably attached to the supports 3a of the supporting structure 3 or the side walls 3g, preferably to or on another, simple supporting structure 3 or another container or to a vehicle. The means 3i for fastening are known per se, for example from sea containers. These are preferably recesses into which releasable fastening means can engage. Likewise, means for manipulating (crane hooks, straps, etc.) can engage the means 3i for fastening, so that the support structure 3 can be manipulated, e.g. B. can be raised, positioned or moved. The support structure 3 is preferably designed for transport by truck or train. The support structure 3, in particular in the version as a container, may have doors 3j, preferably z. B. in the narrow sides of the mostly rectangular supporting structure or the container in order to facilitate the maintenance and, if necessary, the repair of the aggregates installed in the supporting structure 3.

The device according to the invention is characterized by a particularly simple structure that is suitable for mobile or semi-mobile use. The units can be arranged in any form of container, but containers that can be transported by truck or train are preferred.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the aggregates of the device are partly arranged in a container or designed as a container, i.e. as a supporting structure 3, which is at least partially provided with a floor 3f, walls 3g and/or a ceiling 3h, where the container with the unit contained therein in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is placed on a simple supporting structure 3 made of metal. The supporting structure 3 has the same length and width as z. B. a 20-foot sea container, while the height of the supporting structure 3 is individually adjusted. Correspondingly, the supporting structure 3 can also be transported and set up like a known sea container, in particular if the supporting structure 3 has the same receptacles 3i for fastening means as a known container.

The supporting structure 3 or the container containing a unit is fastened to the simple supporting structure 3 with a fastening means, here with screwed bolts. This fastener is either a known fastener with which the container z. B. is also attached to a truck or on a railroad car. Alternatively z. B. connectors are formed in which a plug-in element is aligned with a receptacle 3i on the container and with a receptacle 3i on the support structure 3 and these receptacles 3i penetrates. In addition to a plug-in connection, the receptacles 3i can also be used to create a screw connection or another, preferably detachable connection between the container and the support structure 3. However, a form-fitting connection can also be used to attach a container to a support structure 3 , advantageously in conjunction with an additional plug-in connection which prevents the container from becoming detached from the support structure 3 . The advantage of the combination of a simple supporting structure 3 and a supporting structure 3 containing a unit is that the various units are each arranged at the optimum height relative to one another. The simple supporting structure and also the supporting structure 3 containing a unit can each be reused at different locations. It can also be transported by truck or train.

Alternatively, the simple supporting structure 3 or the supporting structure 3 containing a unit or the container is placed on a foundation, with a point foundation usually being sufficient for about four to six support points on which the supporting structure 3 then rests. According to a third embodiment, a simple supporting structure or a supporting structure 3 containing a unit or a container can also be stacked next to or on top of one another. In this third embodiment as well, supporting or supporting structures 3 or containers arranged next to one another or one above the other are secured to one another, it being possible for the fastening means described above to be used. The three alternatives for arranging supporting or carrying structures 3 or containers can also be combined when setting up a device for producing wood chips with a number of units.

The individual units are each detachably or non-detachably attached to the support structure 3 and possibly in a container, for example by screws, plug connections, rivets, welded connections or snap-in connections, but also by form-fitting connections. If necessary, the individual units are each mounted on noise or vibration-damping bearings. The support structure provides carriers 3a, steel profiles 3e and/or steel sheets individually matched to the units, which take into account the size and the weight and the weight distribution of the respective unit. According to a further embodiment, a container is provided with a sound-absorbing coating on the inner wall.

The lines, in particular the material-carrying lines, are also mounted on noise and vibration-damping bearings if required. If a line is designed as a closed line, ie, provided with a housing, this line can also be provided with a sound-absorbing coating on the inner wall at least in sections. Aggregates of the device 2 according to the invention are also presented in alternative designs below. Identical components are given the same reference symbols in connection with this description. The individual aggregates of the material feed 4, the first and the second sorting 6, 10 and the material shredding 8 and, if necessary, the suction 14, the material separator 16 and the buffer 18 are either known aggregates or are provided in the desired dimensions within the framework of usual adjustments .

The device 2 is for the production of wood chips z. B. for the production of z. B. wood-based materials such as chipboard or for the production of fibers for fiberboard, especially MDF boards or insulating materials. According to the exemplary embodiment, it is designed for processing wood material with a maximum length of 500 mm, preferably a maximum of 300 mm. The wood material comes either from fresh wood or - preferably - from recycled wood, e.g. from roughly broken pallets or crates.

The material supply 4 has a support structure 3 which, as the first container 4a, is equipped with a moving floor 4b and with walls 3g, as can be seen in detail in FIG. The sliding floor 4b as a discharge device feeds the wood material at the bottom of the first container 4a to a first material-carrying line 20, which connects the material supply 4 to the first sorting system 6. The first material-carrying line 20 is equipped with a conveyor belt or a trough chain conveyor for transporting the material to be shredded. It starts at the lower end at the outlet 4c of the first container 4a and ends on the top of the second container 6a of the first sorting 6. The material to be shredded is, as shown in FIG. 2, fed to the material feed 4 via an inlet 4d, here the open top of the 1st container 4a. The material feed 4 is arranged on a simple supporting structure 3, which has the same dimensions as the material feed 4.

The first sorting 6 sorts the wood material to be shredded. The first sorting 6 has three levels. All supporting structures 3, which have sorting units, are each placed on a simple supporting structure 3, which has the same dimensions as the supporting structures of the first sorting 6 placed thereon Supporting structures 3 of the first sorting 5 are each designed as a second container 6a, which has a bottom f. One of the three support structures 3 shown in FIG. 3 or 4 of a first sorting 6 can be designed for dividing the wood material to be shredded into at least two fractions. The material to be crushed is shown in FIG. 3 z. B. fed through an inlet 6b, in which the first material-carrying line 20 opens. Fig. 3 shows a first sorting 6, which is designed as a sieve 6c and created in the second container 6a. The first material-carrying line 20 opens through the inlet 6b in the top or in a side wall in the second container 6a. The sieve 6c separates the material to be crushed into two fractions, for example a first fraction of wood material up to 20 mm long in the largest dimension and a second fraction of wood material more than 20 mm long in the largest dimension. The first fraction is processed as accept and z. B. used for the production of chipboard or fibreboard, the second fraction is too large to be processed as accept and is fed to the shredding of material. Particles that are too small are discharged. Correspondingly, FIG. 3 shows a first outlet 6d and a second outlet 6e for the screen 6c. The outlets open into the bottom of the container 6a, alternatively the outlets can also be located in the side walls or the top of the second container 6a, depending on the sorting configuration. So that the performance of the first sorting 6 is adapted to the performance of the material feed 4 or the material shredding 8, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1, second containers 6a, each with at least one unit of the first sorting 6, are arranged in a row. The three support structures 3 of the first sorting 6 are each connected to one another by material-carrying lines 20 . Material that is too large is forwarded to the next aggregate of the first sorting 6 and sorted again there. Each second container 6a preferably has a different unit for sorting or a different combination of units, e.g. B. according to FIG. 3 or FIG.

In the present case, the first sorting 6 is connected via a suction line 14c to a suction device 14, the structure of which will be explained in more detail below. The suction line 14c can be connected via any side of a second container 6a.

As an alternative to carrying out the first sorting according to FIG. 3, according to FIG. 4 the material to be shredded can also be sorted via a vibrating channel 6f the material to be sorted widely distributed, followed by e.g. B. a roller or disc screen. This vibration channel 6f is arranged above the second container 6a in its own support structure 3, the width of which corresponds to the width of the second container 6a. In this embodiment, the first material-carrying line 20 for the material to be comminuted is routed through an inlet in the upper side of the supporting structure 3 of the vibrating chute 6f. In this embodiment, the second container 6a is specially adapted to the requirements of the roller or disk screen arranged therein. The outlet or outlets of the roller or disc screen are arranged here in the bottom 3f of the second container 6a, which rests on a simple supporting structure 3 . The roller or disk screen in the second container 6a is connected to the suction device 14 via a suction line 14c, which ensures that no wood dust escapes from the first sorting 6. A material separator 16 is arranged between the vibrating chute 6f and the second container 6a. B. is designed with a gravity separator, as an X-ray machine or as a NIR device to sort out foreign objects. Foreign bodies are then discharged via a line 16a. Details of the material separator 16 are set out below.

According to a first alternative, the stream of material to be comminuted can, as shown in FIG. According to a second alternative, not shown here, the flow of material to be shredded is divided into partial flows, the number of which corresponds to the number of supporting structures 3 or containers of the first sorting 6 if the two or more second containers 6a of the first sorting 6 are arranged in parallel are.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the material separator 16 is connected to sorting 6 . The material separator 16 is usually arranged in a container 6a, 10a of the first or second sorting or in its own supporting structure 3 in connection with the first or second sorting 6, 10. The material separator 16 usually has one of two units, either a first aggregate designed to separate metallic or such particles from the accept of the first sorting, which are heavier than the wood material (heavy material separator). The second unit, which is usually used in later stages of sorting, is used to separate foreign matter or particles that are lighter than the wood material, e.g. B. plastic particles or plastic films. Here z. B. X-ray machines or devices that detect foreign substances by means of near infrared (NIR).

According to FIG. 1, a second material-carrying line 22 connects the second container 6a of the first sorting 6 with the material shredder 8, which is arranged in a supporting structure of a third container 8a, as shown in detail in FIG. The container 8a stands on a simple supporting structure 3. A material separator 16 is arranged in the third container 8a in front of the material crushing unit. The second material-carrying line 22 is connected through an inlet 8b in the top of the third container 8a to the material separator 16, e.g. B. an X-ray or NIR device connected. Depending on how the third container 8a is set up, the inlet 8b can be made in any wall of the container. A connection 8c leads from the material separator 16 to the unit that crushes the material. In the third container 8a, depending on the material to be comminuted and the requirement for the comminuted material, a percussion mechanism, a hammer, a mill, a crusher or a chopper can be installed as a unit for comminuting the material. The present embodiment according to FIG. 1 is a chipper 8d, which is designed for the production of wood chips. It also applies to the material crushing 8 that two or more of the units mentioned above can be combined, either arranged in parallel or one behind the other. Is particularly suitable z. B. a combination of a crusher and a subsequently arranged chopper, which are successively traversed by the material to be crushed. If the performance of the device 2 is to be increased, several third containers 8a can also be arranged in parallel here. The material comminution 8 is connected via an outlet to a third material-carrying line 24 to a second sorting system 10, which is arranged in a fourth support structure 10a. The third material-carrying line 24 extends from the bottom of the third container 8a to the top or to a side wall 3g of the fourth container 10a. According to FIG. 1, the material comminution 8 is also connected to the suction device 14 via a suction line i4d.

The third material-carrying line 24 can be designed as a conveyor belt, trough chain conveyor or as a blow line in the wood chips z. B. by means of compressed air for the second sorting io be promoted.

The fourth container toa, which z. B. is designed as a supporting structure 3 clad with floor, walls and ceiling, has the second sorting io, which is designed for the fractionation of chips. Here, too, as described above in connection with the first sorting 6, a single-stage or multi-stage sorting can be provided and two or more second sortings io can be arranged in parallel to adjust the capacity, if necessary each of the parallel aggregates can be in its own Container be arranged. As already described above for the first sorting 6, one or more vibrators, sieves or vibrating chutes can be arranged for the second sorting io. The second sorting io can e.g. B. by means of compressed air, gravity or vibration. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the second sorting 10 is also preferably connected via a suction line 14c to the suction device 14, which extracts the dust produced during the second sorting 10. While a fraction that is too small is either sucked off as dust or sorted out, a fraction that is too large is preferably fed again to the material crusher 8 via a fifth material-carrying line 28 in order to reduce waste and maximize the yield. The accept of the second sorting also passes through a material separator 16 arranged in or on the fourth container 10a, so that an accept is produced that has no disruptive foreign matter.

A fourth material-carrying line 26 leads from the second sorting 10 to the utilization of the wood chips produced, in particular to a wood-based material production, but also to an insulating material production or to other further processing methods. The fourth material-carrying line 26 can be designed like the third material-carrying line 24.

In order to continuously supply a subsequent production with the desired quantity of wood chips, a buffer 18 is inserted into the fourth material-carrying line 26 according to the embodiment of FIG. The buffer 18 is optional and can also be arranged before or after the material feed 4, the first or second sorting 6, 10 or before the material shredding 8, depending on the requirements of the respective embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention. The buffer 18 is shown in Fig. 6 as supporting structure 3 executed, in which a container 18a is used with an inlet 18b, which is formed as an open top 18c of the container 18a. The walls i8d of the container 18a taper in the shape of a funnel towards a conveyor screw which is arranged at the lower end of the walls i8d and is arranged in a trough i8e, which conveys the wood chips stored in the buffer 18 to an outlet i8f. The outlet i8f is connected to the fourth material-carrying line 26 .

7 generally shows a suction device 14b arranged essentially in a support structure 3 designed as a container 14a, which, among other things, forms the suction 14 together with the suction lines i4c-f. The suction device 14 is arranged in a cuboid support structure 3 standing on one end face. However, the drive 14g and the intake pipe 14h are arranged outside of the container 14a. They are mounted on one half of a simple supporting structure 3, on the other half of which the container 14 rests with its end face. Intake pipe 14h and drive 14g are transported separately from container 14a during transport. If required, as shown in FIG. 1, several suction devices 14b can be arranged in parallel. Suction devices 14b arranged in parallel can have different capacities or be designed for suction of particles of different sizes or weights. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, three suction devices 14 are provided.

The suction device 14b generates a negative pressure in the suction lines I4c-f, through which dust and other light particles are sucked in the direction of the suction device 14b and are separated there by means of a bag filter. A suction line 14c connects the material supply 4 with the suction device 14b, a suction line I4d connects the first sorting 6 with the suction device 14b, a suction line 14c connects the material shredding 8 with the suction device 14b, and a suction line 14t connects each stage of the second-stage second sorting 10 with the suction device 14b. The material supplied to the suction 14 through the suction lines i4c-f is disposed in a waste container 14! collected.

According to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, all the aforementioned units of the device 2 are monitored, controlled and, if necessary, regulated by the controller 12 arranged in the fifth container 12a. The fifth container 12a can consist of a standard 20-foot sea container exist, but it can also be constructed from a supporting structure 3 clad at least in sections with the floor, walls and ceiling. In order to ensure easy access to the controller 12, the fifth container 12a has a door in a side wall. The device according to the invention is monitored by sensors, not shown here, which, for. B. record the material flow or stoppages in the material flow, or z. B. the degree of filling of the material supply 4 or the buffer 18 or the power consumption of the first or second sorting 6, 10 or the material shredding 8 or the suction 14 or the material-carrying lines 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 record. Sensors can also detect the proportion of the fractions of wood chips produced by the shredding of material 8 or of the rejects produced. The sensors send corresponding signals to the controller 12, which then checks whether the signals are within the specified tolerances or whether regulation of one or more of the aggregates of the device 2 is required. Control is via control links, either wireless or wired. However, the controller 12 can also control individual units if this is desired.

The method according to the invention is carried out by supplying a device 2 for producing wood chips with uncomminuted material made of wood, either unprocessed wood or wood that has already been processed and is to be recycled, so-called recycled wood. The uncomminuted material is preferably already pre-crushed, e.g. B. in pieces with a maximum length of 500 mm, in particular of a maximum of 300 mm. This material, which is still uncomminuted within the meaning of the invention, is fed to the material feed 4 . There, the material is removed as far as possible from particles that are too heavy or too light or other foreign matter, in particular metal parts such as nails or staples and plastics, e.g. B. the wood adhering plastic films freed. The material to be shredded is then fed to the first sorting 6, which separates out material that is too small and material that is too large as a one-stage or multi-stage sorting. The material that is too large is preferably pre-crushed again and then fed back to the material feed 4 . If necessary, the material that is too small can be reused directly without further shredding of the material. The uncomminuted material of the right size sorted in the first sorting 6 is then fed to the material comminution 8 after it has optionally passed through another material separator. There, the uncrushed material is chopped into the desired wood chips in one or more stages. The material crushing 8 follows the second sorting io, which sorts the shredded material in one or more stages. Here, too, too fine or too large material is sorted out and, if necessary, the material passes through a material separator again. The material that is too large is preferably fed back to the material crusher 8 . The shredded material in the desired or specified size is fed for further processing.

The method according to the invention provides that the steps of supplying material, sorting the uncomminuted material, crushing material and sorting the comminuted material are monitored, controlled and, if necessary, regulated by a controller 12 .

Optionally, according to the method according to the invention, at least one suction device 14 can be provided, which collects dust and other small and light particles via suction lines i4c-f. Further optionally, at least one material separator 16 can be provided, e.g. B. for separating heavy, magnetic or light particles or other foreign matter, such. B. metal or plastic.

Finally, the method according to the invention can provide at least one buffer 18 which can be assigned to one of the units 4, 6, 8 or 10 described above and which enables the material to be comminuted or the comminuted material to be stored.

The inventive method for producing wood chips can provide, for example, a capacity of 2 tons per hour to 15 tons per hour of wood chips. The hacker can B. Capacities of at least 6 tons per hour, preferably 10 tons per hour, while the sorting capacities of up to 20 tons per hour can reach, which depends on the selected size of the container. With 20-foot containers, for example, the sorting can process a capacity of 101 per hour, preferably 121 per hour, while with 40-foot containers, for example, up to 201 per hour can be sorted. This amount can be economically interesting to z. B. to operate a technical or test facility or to provide a partial flow of shredded material for the production of wood-based materials or insulating materials, for example a partial flow of wood chips from recycled wood for joint processing into fiberboard or chipboard together with chips from unprocessed Wood. The method according to the invention can be carried out with a device belonging to a production facility. However, the device for carrying out the method can also be set up independently of a production device.

Reference List

2 device 12 control

3 support structure 12a fifth container

3a support 14 suction

3b outer closed frame 14a container

3c middle closed frame 14b suction device

3d footprint i4c-f suction lines

3e steel profile 14g intake pipe

3f floor 14h drive

3g wall 14! waste bin

3h ceiling 16 material separator

3i recess 16 a line

3j door 18 buffer

4 material supply 18a container

4a first container 18b inlet

4b moving floor 18c open top of container

4c outlet i8d walls

4d inlet i8e trough

6 first sorting i8f outlet

6a second container 20 first material-carrying line

6b inlet 22 second material-carrying line

6c sieve 24 third material-carrying line

6d first outlet 26 fourth material-carrying line

6e second outlet 28 fifth material-carrying line

6f vibrating chute

8 material shredding

8a third container

8b inlet

8c line

8d hacker io second sorting

10a fourth container

Claims

- 24 -

Claims Method for producing wood chips for the production of chipboard, in particular from recycled wood

- a material supply (4) in at least one first supporting structure (3, 4a), which is matched to the material supply (4),

- a first mechanical sorting (6) for the material to be shredded in at least one second support structure (3, 6a), which is coordinated with the first sorting (6),

- a material comminution (8) in at least one third support structure (3, 8a), which is coordinated with the material comminution,

- a second mechanical sorting (10) for the shredded material in at least a fourth supporting structure (3, 10a), which is coordinated with the second sorting, the first, second, third and fourth supporting structure (3, 4a, 6a, 8a, 10a) semi-mobile in each case arranged on a foundation and/or on a support structure and connected either directly to one another or by material-carrying lines (20, 22, 24, 26), the material supplied from the material supply (4) being fed through a first material-carrying Line (20) to the first machine sorting (6), sorted and fed through a second material-carrying line (22) from the first machine sorting (6) to the material shredding (8) and crushed there into wood chips and from there through a third material-carrying line (24) is fed to the second mechanical sorting (10), where the wood chips are mechanically sorted and thereafter the wood chips for the production of chipboard to be provided. Method according to Claim 1, in which a container (4a, 6a, 8a, 10a, 12a, 14a, 16a, 18a) is used as the supporting structure (3), in which the supporting structure is covered at least in sections by a wall that forms the floor, wall or ceiling of the container. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the foundation is mounted in a manner that is isolated from noise and/or vibration. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the material supply (4) arranged in at least one supporting structure (3) has at least one container (4a) or receptacle to which material is applied continuously or discontinuously and an outlet (4c), the outlet (4c) being Sliding floor (4b) or discharge screw is formed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and/or the second sorting (6, 10) each takes place in one or more stages. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sorting (6, 10) takes place by means of a vibrator or vibrating channel and/or at least one sieve (6c) and/or at least one material separator (16) separates foreign matter, in particular metal or plastic . Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material comminution (8) is carried out by one or more of the devices from the group comprising impact mechanism, hammer, mill, crusher and chopper. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capacity of the chopper is at least 6 to a maximum of 101 per hour, preferably 8 to 101 per hour, and the capacity of the sorting (6, 10) is at least 8 to a maximum of 201 per hour.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least a fifth support structure (3, 18a) at least one buffer (18) for raw material and / or wood chips is provided.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fastening and supporting devices, preferably screwed or plugged in or form-fitting connections, are installed on the supporting structure (3, 4a, 6a, 8a, 10a, 12a, 14a, 16a, 18a). will.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that material supply (4), sorting (6) and material crushing (8) and material-carrying lines (20, 22, 24, 26) and optional suction (14), material separator (16) or buffers (18) are monitored, controlled and/or regulated by a controller (12), the controller (12) being arranged in a container (12a) and being connected via control lines to the material supply (4), the first sorting (6), the material shredding (8) and the second sorting (10) and optionally with the suction (14), the material separator (16) or the buffer (18).

12. Device (2) for producing wood chips for the production of chipboard, in particular from recycled wood, having

- at least one first supporting structure (3, 4a), which is designed to receive a material supply (4),

- at least one second support structure (3, 6a), which is designed to accommodate a first mechanical sorting (6) for the material to be shredded,

- at least one third supporting structure (3, 8a) which is designed to accommodate material shredding (8),

- at least a fourth support structure (3, 10a), which is designed to accommodate a second mechanical sorting for wood chips,

- at least one controller (12) for at least the material feed (4), the first mechanical sorting (6), the material shredding (8) and the second mechanical sorting (10), - 27 - wherein the first, second, third and fourth support structure (3, 4a, 6a, 8a) are set up semi-mobile on a foundation and/or on a support structure and are connected to one another by material-carrying lines (20, 22), the first, second, third and fourth support structure (3) is designed as a container (4a, 6a, 8a, 10a), in which the support structure is covered at least in sections by a wall which forms the floor, wall or ceiling of the container. Device according to one of Claims 12, characterized in that at least one buffer (18) is arranged in at least one fifth supporting structure (3, 18a). Device according to one of claims 12 to 13, wherein the foundation is mounted in a manner that is isolated from noise and/or vibration. Device according to one of Claims 12 to 14, characterized in that fastening and carrying devices, preferably screwed or plugged or form-fitting connections, are formed on the support structure (3, 4a, 6a, 8a, 10a, 12a, 14a, 16a, 18a). Device according to one of Claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the supporting structure (3, 4a, 6a, 8a, 10a) has an inlet (4d, 6b, 8b) for a material-carrying line which supplies material and an outlet for a material-carrying line which discharges material, a material supply (4), a sorting (6), a material crusher (8), a material separator (16) or a buffer (18) being arranged in the supporting structure (4a, 6a, 8a, 10a). is.