EP4199635A1 - Verbessertes direktzugriffsverfahren für unlizenzierte zellen - Google Patents

Verbessertes direktzugriffsverfahren für unlizenzierte zellen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4199635A1
EP4199635A1 EP23154478.4A EP23154478A EP4199635A1 EP 4199635 A1 EP4199635 A1 EP 4199635A1 EP 23154478 A EP23154478 A EP 23154478A EP 4199635 A1 EP4199635 A1 EP 4199635A1
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Prior art keywords
random access
sequence
frequency bandwidth
transmission
unlicensed
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Michael Einhaus
Joachim Loehr
Hidetoshi Suzuki
Li Wang
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Corp of America
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Corp of America
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H04W74/0833—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0006—Assessment of spectral gaps suitable for allocating digitally modulated signals, e.g. for carrier allocation in cognitive radio
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0064—Rate requirement of the data, e.g. scalable bandwidth, data priority
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0078—Timing of allocation
    • H04L5/0082—Timing of allocation at predetermined intervals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
    • H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
    • H04W52/0219—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave where the power saving management affects multiple terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/21—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/008—Transmission of channel access control information with additional processing of random access related information at receiving side
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H04L5/001—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT the frequencies being arranged in component carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
    • H04W52/242—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account path loss
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/50—TPC being performed in particular situations at the moment of starting communication in a multiple access environment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to methods for performing a random access procedure between a user equipment and a radio base station in a mobile communication system.
  • the present disclosure is also providing the user equipment and a radio base station for participating in the method(s) described herein.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • High-Speed Downlink Packet Access HSDPA
  • HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE Long-Term Evolution
  • UTRA Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
  • UTRAN evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • LTE Rel. 8 The LTE system represents efficient packet-based radio access and radio access networks that provide full IP-based functionalities with low latency and low cost.
  • scalable multiple transmission bandwidths are specified such as 1.4, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 MHz, in order to achieve flexible system deployment using a given spectrum.
  • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM-based radio access was adopted because of its inherent immunity to multipath interference (MPI) due to a low symbol rate, the use of a cyclic prefix (CP) and its affinity to different transmission bandwidth arrangements.
  • MPI multipath interference
  • CP cyclic prefix
  • SC-FDMA Single-carrier frequency division multiple access
  • UE user equipment
  • Many key packet radio access techniques are employed including multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel transmission techniques and a highly efficient control signaling structure is achieved in LTE Rel. 8/9.
  • the E-UTRAN consists of an eNodeB, providing the E-UTRA user plane (PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY) and control plane (RRC) protocol terminations towards the user equipment (UE).
  • the eNodeB hosts the Physical (PHY), Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC) and Packet Data Control Protocol (PDCP) layers that include the functionality of user-plane header compression and encryption. It also offers Radio Resource Control (RRC) functionality corresponding to the control plane.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the eNodeBs are interconnected with each other by means of the X2 interface.
  • the eNodeBs are also connected by means of the S1 interface to the EPC (Evolved Packet Core), more specifically to the MME (Mobility Management Entity) by means of the S1-MME and to the Serving Gateway (SGW) by means of the S1-U.
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • SGW Serving Gateway
  • the S1 interface supports a many-to-many relation between MMEs/Serving Gateways and eNodeBs.
  • the SGW routes and forwards user data packets, while also acting as the mobility anchor for the user plane during intereNodeB handovers and as the anchor for mobility between LTE and other 3GPP technologies (terminating S4 interface and relaying the traffic between 2G/3G systems and PDN GW).
  • the SGW terminates the downlink data path and triggers paging when downlink data arrives for the user equipment. It manages and stores user equipment contexts, e.g. parameters of the IP bearer service, or network internal routing information. It also performs replication of the user traffic in case of lawful interception.
  • user equipment contexts e.g. parameters of the IP bearer service, or network internal routing information. It also performs replication of the user traffic in case of lawful interception.
  • the MME is the key control-node for the LTE access-network. It is responsible for idle-mode user equipment tracking and paging procedure including retransmissions. It is involved in the bearer activation/deactivation process and is also responsible for choosing the SGW for a user equipment at the initial attach and at the time of intra-LTE handover involving Core Network (CN) node relocation. It is responsible for authenticating the user (by interacting with the HSS).
  • NAS Non-Access Stratum
  • the Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling terminates at the MME, and it is also responsible for the generation and allocation of temporary identities to user equipments. It checks the authorization of the user equipment to camp on the service provider's Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) and enforces user equipment roaming restrictions.
  • PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
  • the MME is the termination point in the network for ciphering/integrity protection for NAS signaling and handles the security key management. Lawful interception of signaling is also supported by the MME.
  • the MME also provides the control plane function for mobility between LTE and 2G/3G access networks with the S3 interface terminating at the MME from the SGSN.
  • the MME also terminates the S6a interface towards the home HSS for roaming user equipments.
  • the downlink component carrier of a 3GPP LTE system is subdivided in the time-frequency domain in so-called subframes.
  • each subframe is divided into two downlink slots as shown in Fig. 2 , wherein the first downlink slot comprises the control channel region (PDCCH region) within the first OFDM symbols.
  • Each subframe consists of a give number of OFDM symbols in the time domain (12 or 14 OFDM symbols in 3GPP LTE (Release 8)), wherein each OFDM symbol spans over the entire bandwidth of the component carrier.
  • the OFDM symbols thus each consist of a number of modulation symbols transmitted on respective subcarriers.
  • N RB DL is the number of resource blocks within the bandwidth.
  • a physical resource block is defined as consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain (e.g. 7 OFDM symbols) and consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain as exemplified in Fig. 2 (e.g. 12 subcarriers for a component carrier).
  • a physical resource block thus consists of resource elements, corresponding to one slot in the time domain and 180 kHz in the frequency domain (for further details on the downlink resource grid, see for example 3GPP TS 36.211, "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical Channels and Modulation (Release 8)", current version 12.6.0, section 6.2, available at http://www.3gpp.org and incorporated herein by reference).
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • R-UTRA Physical Channels and Modulation
  • One subframe consists of two slots, so that there are 14 OFDM symbols in a subframe when a so-called "normal” CP (cyclic prefix) is used, and 12 OFDM symbols in a subframe when a so-called “extended” CP is used.
  • the time-frequency resources equivalent to the same consecutive subcarriers spanning a full subframe is called a "resource block pair", or equivalent "RB pair” or “PRB pair”.
  • component carrier refers to a combination of several resource blocks in the frequency domain.
  • cell refers to a combination of downlink and optionally uplink resources.
  • the linking between the carrier frequency of the downlink resources and the carrier frequency of the uplink resources is indicated in the system information transmitted on the downlink resources.
  • the frequency spectrum for IMT-Advanced was decided at the World Radio communication Conference 2007 (WRC-07). Although the overall frequency spectrum for IMT-Advanced was decided, the actual available frequency bandwidth is different according to each region or country. Following the decision on the available frequency spectrum outline, however, standardization of a radio interface started in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • the bandwidth that the LTE-Advanced system is able to support is 100 MHz, while an LTE system can only support 20MHz.
  • the lack of radio spectrum has become a bottleneck of the development of wireless networks, and as a result it is difficult to find a spectrum band which is wide enough for the LTE-Advanced system. Consequently, it is urgent to find a way to gain a wider radio spectrum band, wherein a possible answer is the carrier aggregation functionality.
  • two or more component carriers are aggregated in order to support wider transmission bandwidths up to 100MHz.
  • Several cells in the LTE system are aggregated into one wider channel in the LTE-Advanced system which is wide enough for 100 MHz even though these cells in LTE may be in different frequency bands.
  • All component carriers can be configured to be LTE Rel. 8/9 compatible, at least when the bandwidth of a component carrier does not exceed the supported bandwidth of an LTE Rel. 8/9 cell.
  • Not all component carriers aggregated by a user equipment may necessarily be Rel. 8/9 compatible.
  • Existing mechanisms e.g. barring
  • a user equipment may simultaneously receive or transmit on one or multiple component carriers (corresponding to multiple serving cells) depending on its capabilities.
  • An LTE-A Rel. 10 user equipment with reception and/or transmission capabilities for carrier aggregation can simultaneously receive and/or transmit on multiple serving cells, whereas an LTE Rel. 8/9 user equipment can receive and transmit on a single serving cell only, provided that the structure of the component carrier follows the Rel. 8/9 specifications.
  • Carrier aggregation is supported for both contiguous and non-contiguous component carriers with each component carrier limited to a maximum of 110 Resource Blocks in the frequency domain (using the 3GPP LTE (Release 8/9) numerology).
  • a 3GPP LTE-A (Release 10)-compatible user equipment to aggregate a different number of component carriers originating from the same eNodeB (base station) and of possibly different bandwidths in the uplink and the downlink.
  • the number of downlink component carriers that can be configured depends on the downlink aggregation capability of the UE.
  • the number of uplink component carriers that can be configured depends on the uplink aggregation capability of the UE. It may currently not be possible to configure a mobile terminal with more uplink component carriers than downlink component carriers. In a typical TDD deployment the number of component carriers and the bandwidth of each component carrier in uplink and downlink is the same. Component carriers originating from the same eNodeB need not provide the same coverage.
  • the spacing between centre frequencies of contiguously aggregated component carriers shall be a multiple of 300 kHz. This is in order to be compatible with the 100 kHz frequency raster of 3GPP LTE (Release 8/9) and at the same time to preserve orthogonality of the subcarriers with 15 kHz spacing. Depending on the aggregation scenario, the n ⁇ 300 kHz spacing can be facilitated by insertion of a low number of unused subcarriers between contiguous component carriers.
  • the mobile terminal When carrier aggregation is configured, the mobile terminal only has one RRC connection with the network.
  • one cell At RRC connection establishment/re-establishment, one cell provides the security input (one ECGI, one PCI and one ARFCN) and the non-access stratum mobility information (e.g. TAI) similarly as in LTE Rel. 8/9.
  • the component carrier corresponding to that cell is referred to as the downlink Primary Cell (PCell).
  • PCell downlink Primary Cell
  • DL PCell downlink PCell
  • UL PCell uplink PCell
  • SCells Secondary Cells
  • carriers of the SCell being the Downlink Secondary Component Carrier (DL SCC) and Uplink Secondary Component Carrier (UL SCC).
  • DL SCC Downlink Secondary Component Carrier
  • UL SCC Uplink Secondary Component Carrier
  • RRC The configuration and reconfiguration, as well as addition and removal, of component carriers can be performed by RRC. Activation and deactivation is done e.g. via MAC control elements.
  • RRC can also add, remove, or reconfigure SCells for usage in the target cell.
  • dedicated RRC signaling is used for sending the system information of the SCell, the information being necessary for transmission/reception (similarly as in Rel-8/9 for handover).
  • Each SCell is configured with a serving cell index, when the SCell is added to one UE; PCell has always the serving cell index 0.
  • a user equipment When a user equipment is configured with carrier aggregation there is at least one pair of uplink and downlink component carriers that is always active.
  • the downlink component carrier of that pair might be also referred to as 'DL anchor carrier'. Same applies also for the uplink.
  • carrier aggregation When carrier aggregation is configured, a user equipment may be scheduled on multiple component carriers simultaneously, but at most one random access procedure shall be ongoing at any time.
  • Cross-carrier scheduling allows the PDCCH of a component carrier to schedule resources on another component carrier. For this purpose a component carrier identification field is introduced in the respective DCI (Downlink Control Information) formats, called CIF.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • a linking, established by RRC signaling, between uplink and downlink component carriers allows identifying the uplink component carrier for which the grant applies when there is no cross-carrier scheduling.
  • the linkage of downlink component carriers to uplink component carrier does not necessarily need to be one to one. In other words, more than one downlink component carrier can link to the same uplink component carrier. At the same time, a downlink component carrier can only link to one uplink component carrier.
  • a mobile terminal in LTE can only be scheduled for uplink transmission, if its uplink transmission is time synchronized so as to maintain orthogonality with uplink transmissions from other UEs.
  • the Random Access (RACH) procedure plays an important role as an interface between nonsynchronized mobile terminals (UEs) and the orthogonal transmission of the uplink radio access.
  • the Random Access procedure in LTE is used to achieve uplink time synchronization for a user equipment which either has not yet acquired or has lost its uplink synchronization. Once a user equipment has achieved uplink synchronization, the eNodeB can schedule uplink transmission resources for it.
  • PRACH transmission and detection also provides an estimation of the round-trip delay between the eNB and the UE.
  • the design target regarding the PRACH signal shape for licensed band LTE operation was minimization of overhead and interference impact on parallel uplink transmissions from other UEs while providing at the same time sufficient round-trip delay estimation accuracy.
  • a user equipment performs a random access procedure, even though the user equipment is time-synchronized, namely when the user equipment uses the random access procedure in order to send a scheduling request, i.e. uplink buffer status report, to its eNodeB, in case it does not have any other uplink resource(s) allocated in which to send the scheduling request, e.g. dedicated scheduling request (D-SR) channel is not configured.
  • a scheduling request i.e. uplink buffer status report
  • D-SR dedicated scheduling request
  • LTE offers two types of random access procedures allowing the access to be either contention based (implying an inherent risk of collision) or contention-free. It should be noted that contention-based random access can be applied for all six scenarios listed above, whereas a contention-free random access procedure can only be applied for the downlink data arrival and handover scenario.
  • Fig. 3 shows the contention-based RACH procedure of LTE. This procedure consists of four "steps".
  • the user equipment transmits 301 a random access preamble on the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) to the eNodeB.
  • the preamble is selected by the user equipment from a set of available random access preambles reserved by eNodeB for contention-based access; N cf is the number of signatures reserved by the eNodeB for contention-free RACH.
  • PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
  • N cf is the number of signatures reserved by the eNodeB for contention-free RACH.
  • there are 64 preambles in total per cell which can be used for contention-free as well as contention-based random access.
  • the set of contention-based preambles can be further subdivided into two groups, so that the UE's choice of preamble can carry one bit of information to indicate information relating to the amount of transmission resources needed for the first scheduled transmission, which is referred to as msg3 in TS 36.321 (see step 303 in Fig. 3 ).
  • the system information broadcasted in the cell contains the information which signatures (preambles) are in each of the two subgroups as well as the meaning of each subgroup.
  • the user equipment randomly selects one preamble from the subgroup corresponding to the size of transmission resource needed for the msg3-transmission (see later step 303).
  • the UE may additionally take into account the current downlink path-loss and the required transmission power for the step 303 message in order to avoid being granted resources for a message size that would need a transmission exceeding that which the UE's maximum power would allow.
  • the eNodeB After the eNodeB has detected a RACH preamble, it sends 302 a Random Access Response (RAR) message on the PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), the corresponding DCI on the PDCCH being addressed to the (Random Access) RA-RNTI that identifies the time-frequency slot in which the preamble was detected.
  • RAR Random Access Response
  • the RAR message conveys the identity of the detected RACH preamble, a timing alignment command (TA command) for synchronization of subsequent uplink transmissions, an initial uplink resource assignment (grant) for the transmission of the first scheduled transmission (see step 303) and an assignment of a Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (T-CRNTI).
  • TA command timing alignment command
  • T-CRNTI Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • the RAR message can also contain a so-called back-off indicator, which the eNodeB can set to instruct the user equipment to back off for a period of time before retrying a random access attempt.
  • the user equipment monitors the PDCCH for reception of the random access response within a given time window, which is configured by the eNodeB. In case the user equipment does not receive a random access response within the configured time window, it retransmits the preamble at the next PRACH opportunity considering a potential back off period.
  • the user equipment transmits 303 the first scheduled uplink transmission on the uplink resources assigned by the grant within the random access response.
  • This scheduled uplink transmission conveys the actual random access procedure message like for example an RRC connection request, a tracking area update or a buffer status report. Furthermore, it includes either the C-RNTI for user equipments in RRC_CONNECTED mode or the unique 48-bit user equipment identity if the user equipments are in RRC_IDLE mode. In case of a preamble collision having occurred in step 301, i.e.
  • the colliding user equipments will receive the same T-CRNTI within the random access response and will also collide in the same uplink resources when transmitting 303 their scheduled transmission. This may result in interference such that no transmission from a colliding user equipment can be decoded at the eNodeB, and the user equipments will restart the random access procedure after having reached the maximum number of retransmission for their scheduled transmission. In case the scheduled transmission from one user equipment is successfully decoded by eNodeB, the contention remains unresolved for the other user equipments.
  • the eNodeB sends 304 a contention resolution message addressed to the C-RNTI or Temporary C-RNTI, and, in the latter case, echoes the 48-bit user equipment identity contained in the scheduled transmission of step 303.
  • the HARQ feedback is only transmitted by the user equipment which detects its own identity, either C-RNTI or unique user equipment ID.
  • Other UEs understand that there was a collision at step 301 and can quickly exit the current RACH procedure and start another one.
  • Fig. 4 is illustrating the contention-free random access procedure introduced as of 3GPP LTE Rel. 8/9.
  • the eNodeB assigns 401 the user equipment a particular preamble to use for random access so that there is no risk of collisions (i.e. multiple user equipments do not transmit the same RACH preamble).
  • the user equipment is sending 402 the preamble which was signaled by eNodeB in the uplink on a suitable PRACH resource. Since the case that multiple UEs are sending the same preamble is avoided for a contention-free random access, no contention resolution is necessary, for which reason step 304 of the contention-based procedure shown in Fig. 3 can be omitted.
  • a contention-free random access procedure is finished after having successfully received the random access response. In case of a missing random access response, the subsequent PRACH retransmissions are initiated autonomously by the UE itself.
  • the first three steps of the contention-based random access procedure occur on the PCell, while contention resolution (step 304) can be crossscheduled by the PCell.
  • the initial preamble transmission power setting is based on an open-loop estimation with full compensation of the path loss. This is designed to ensure that the received power of the preambles is independent of the path-loss.
  • the eNB may also configure an additional power offset, depending for example on the desired received SINR, the measured uplink interference and noise level in the time-frequency slots allocated to RACH preambles, and possibly on the preamble format. Furthermore, the eNB may configure preamble power ramping so that the transmission for each retransmitted preamble, e.g. in case the PRACH transmission attempt was not successfully, is increased by a fixed step.
  • the random access preamble transmission part of the random access procedure described above is mapped at the physical layer onto the PRACH.
  • the design of the preamble is crucial to the success of the random access procedure and will be discussed in detail in the following.
  • the RACH preamble is basically a cyclic shift of a complex Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence which is also known as preamble signature.
  • ZC Zadoff-Chu
  • the LTE PRACH preamble consists of a complex sequence. However, differing from the W-CDMA preamble, it is also an OFDM symbol having to follow the DFT-S-OFDM structure of the LTE uplink, build with a CP (cyclic prefix), thus allowing for an efficient frequency-domain receiver at the eNodeB.
  • the physical layer random access preamble consists of a cyclic prefix of length T CP and a sequence part of length T SEQ , as illustrated in Fig. 5 . Possible values for these parameters are listed in the following table and depend on the frame structure and on the random access configuration (e.g. the preamble format which can be controlled by higher layers). Corresponding detailed information can be found in the 3GPP technical standard 36.211, current version 12.6.0, chapter 5.7.1 "Time and frequency structure" incorporated herein by reference.
  • Four random access preamble formats are defined for the frequency division duplex operation wherein each format is defined by the duration of the sequence and its cyclic prefix. The format configured in a cell is broadcast in the system information.
  • TS is the assumed system sampling rate, which can be 1/30,72 ⁇ s and is the basic time unit in LTE. Taking this specific sampling rate into account, the following table gives the values for T CP and T SEQ for the different preamble formats.
  • the preamble sequence duration for e.g. preamble formats 2 and 3 (1600 ⁇ s, see above table) are achieved by repetition of the preamble symbol (800 ⁇ s) in the time domain.
  • the lower bound (683.33 ⁇ s) for the sequence duration T SEQ must allow for unambiguous round-trip time estimation for a UE located at the edge of the largest expected cell, including the maximum delay spread expected in such large cells (namely 16.67 ⁇ s). Further constraints on the sequence duration T SEQ are given by the Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access signal generation principle, such that the size of the DFT and IDFT, N DFT , must be an integer number.
  • a PRACH slot must be allocated a bandwidth BW PRACH equal to an integer multiple of resource blocks, i.e. an integer multiple of 180 kHz.
  • BW PRACH in LTE (6PRBs, 1,08 MHz) is constant for all system bandwidths; it is chosen to optimize both the detection performance and the timing estimation accuracy. The latter drives the lower bound of the PRACH bandwidth. Indeed, a minimum bandwidth of about 1 MHz is necessary to provide a one-shot accuracy of about ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ s, which is an acceptable timing accuracy for PUCCH/PUSCH transmissions.
  • a PRACH allocation of 6 RBs provides a good trade-off between PRACH overhead, detection performance and timing estimation accuracy. It should be noted that for the smallest system bandwidth (1.4 MHz, 6RBs) the PRACH overlaps with the PUCCH; it is left to the eNodeB implementation whether to implement scheduling restrictions during PRACH slots to avoid collisions, or to let PRACH collide with the PUCCH and handle the resulting interference.
  • the preamble duration should be fixed to an integer duration of the PUSCH symbol in order to provide compatibility between preamble and PUSCH subcarriers. This means that the PRACH subcarrier spacing should preferably be a divisor of the PUSCH subcarrier spacing.
  • a PRACH is time- and frequency-multiplexed with the PUSCH and the PUCCH as illustrated in Fig. 6 .
  • PRACH time-frequency resources are semi-statically allocated within the PUSCH region, and repeat periodically.
  • the possibility of scheduling PUSCH transmissions within PRACH slots is left to the eNodeB's discretion.
  • LTE supports 64 PRACH configurations, each configuration consisting of a periodic PRACH resource pattern and an associated preamble format. A detailed listing of the PRACH configurations is given in Tables 5.7.1-2 and 5.7.1-3 of the technical standard 36.211, incorporated herein by reference. It is possible to schedule PUSCH transmissions together with allocated PRACH resources within the same subframe; the decision is made by the eNB.
  • LTE PRACH preamble called for an improved sequence design with respect to WCDMA.
  • Zadoff-Chu sequences have been chosen which enable improved PRACH preamble detection performance. More detailed information can be found in the 3GPP technical standard 36.211, current version 12.6.0, chapter 5.7.2 "physical random access channel" incorporated herein by reference.
  • the random access preambles are Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences that are in turn generated from one or several root Zadoff-Chu sequences as follows.
  • ZC Zadoff-Chu
  • a root Zadoff-Chu sequence is chosen based on an indication of a logical sequence index broadcast as part of the System Information (RACH_ROOT_SEQUENCE).
  • the logical root sequence order is cyclic such that the logical index 0 is consecutive to 837.
  • the relation between a logical root sequence index (indicated in the system information) and a physical root sequence index u is given by Tables 5.7.2-4 and 5.7.2-5 of the technical standard 36.211 for preamble formats 0-3 and 4, respectively, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the parameter N CS is given by Tables 5.7.2-2 and 5.7.2-3 in the Technical Standard 36.211, and depends on the preamble format and on the zeroCorrelationZoneConfig parameter provided by higher layers. Further information can be obtained from the technical standard 36.211, section 5.7.2.
  • Additional preamble sequences in case 64 preambles cannot be generated from a single root Zadoff-Chu sequence, are obtained from one or more root sequences with consecutive logical indexes until all the 64 preamble sequences are found.
  • the set of 64 preamble sequences that are available for use in a cell for the RACH procedure is generated by cyclic shifts of one or more root Zadoff-Chu sequences.
  • the generation of the PRACH baseband signal is defined in section 5.7.3 of TS 36.211.
  • the location in the frequency domain is controlled by the parameter n PRB RA .
  • the factor K ⁇ f / ⁇ f RA accounts for the difference in subcarrier spacing between the random access preamble and uplink data transmission.
  • the variable ⁇ f RA , the subcarrier spacing for the random access preamble, and the variable ⁇ , a fixed offset determining the frequency-domain location of the random access preamble within the physical resource blocks, are both given by the following table (see Table 5.7.3-1 in TS 36.211).
  • PUSCH has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz.
  • the time-domain preamble sequence is transformed into the frequency domain by a DFT of size N ZC .
  • the resulting frequency-domain coefficients are mapped onto subcarriers with a frequency spacing ⁇ f RA .
  • the frequency spacing for PRACH transmissions does not coincide with the frequency spacing used for other uplink transmissions, such as PUSCH or PUCCH.
  • the subcarrier mapping further incorporates the PRACH location in the frequency domain.
  • Fig. 7 shows the PRACH preamble mapping onto allocated subcarriers, vis-à-vis the subcarrier mapping of PUSCH.
  • the PRACH uses a guard band to avoid the data interference at preamble edges.
  • the PRACH is transmitted on a frequency-domain resource corresponding to six consecutive PRBs, i.e. with a frequency bandwidth of 1.08 MHz. These PRBs could be located at the center of the nominal system bandwidth as illustrated in Fig. 8 , or could be located at any other position within the nominal system bandwidth as shown in Fig. 9 .
  • the PRACH preamble can be generated at the system sampling rate by means of a large IDFT as illustrated in Fig. 10 .
  • the DFT block in the Fig. 10 is dashed indicating that it is optional since the sequence could also be mapped directly in the frequency domain at the IDFT input.
  • the cyclic shift can be implemented either in the time domain after the IDFT, or in the frequency domain before the IDFT through a phase shift.
  • Another option for generating the preamble consists of using a smaller IDFT, actually an IFFT, and shifting the preamble to the required frequency location through time-domain upsampling and filtering.
  • the cyclic prefix can be inserted before the upsampling and time-domain frequency shift, so as to minimize the intermediate storage requirements.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • Wi-Fi radio access technologies
  • LAA Licensed Assisted Access
  • CA Rel-12 carrier aggregation
  • the CA framework configuration as explained before comprises a so-called primary cell (PCell) carrier and one or more secondary cell (SCell) carriers.
  • PCell primary cell
  • SCell secondary cell
  • FIG. 11 A very basic scenario is illustrated in Fig. 11 , with a licensed PCell, licensed SCell 1, and various unlicensed SCells 2, 3, and 4 (exemplarily depicted as small cells).
  • the transmission/reception network nodes of unlicensed SCells 2, 3, and 4 could be remote radio heads managed by the eNB or could be nodes that are attached to the network but not managed by the eNB. For simplicity, the connection of these nodes to the eNB or to the network is not explicitly shown in the figure.
  • the basic approach envisioned at 3GPP is that the PCell will be operated on a licensed band while one or more SCells will be operated on unlicensed bands.
  • the benefit of this strategy is that the PCell can be used for reliable transmission of control messages and user data with high quality of service (QoS) demands, such as for example voice and video, while an SCell on unlicensed spectrum might yield, depending on the scenario, to some extent significant QoS reduction due to inevitable coexistence with other RATs.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the Nominal Channel Bandwidth is the widest band of frequencies, inclusive of guard bands, assigned to a single channel.
  • the Occupied Channel Bandwidth is the bandwidth containing 99 % of the power of the signal. A device is permitted to operate in one or more adjacent or non-adjacent channels simultaneously.
  • each power envelope shall be considered separately.
  • the Nominal Channel Bandwidth shall be at least 5 MHz at all times.
  • the Occupied Channel Bandwidth shall be between 80 % and 100 % of the declared Nominal Channel Bandwidth. In the USA, the minimum occupied channel bandwidth is 500 kHz according to 3GPP TR 36.889. In case of smart antenna systems (devices with multiple transmit chains) each of the transmit chains shall meet this requirement.
  • the device is allowed to operate temporarily with an Occupied Channel Bandwidth below 80 % of its Nominal Channel Bandwidth with a minimum of 4 MHz.
  • the listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure is defined as a mechanism by which an equipment applies a clear channel assessment (CCA) check before using the channel.
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • the CCA utilizes at least energy detection to determine the presence or absence of other signals on a channel in order to determine if a channel is occupied or clear, respectively.
  • European and Japanese regulations mandate the usage of LBT in the unlicensed bands.
  • carrier sensing via LBT is one way for fair sharing of the unlicensed spectrum and hence it is considered to be a vital feature for fair and friendly operation in the unlicensed spectrum in a single global solution framework.
  • DFS is required for certain regions and bands in order to detect interference from radar systems and to avoid co-channel operation with these systems.
  • the intention is furthermore to achieve a near-uniform loading of the spectrum.
  • the DFS operation and corresponding requirements are associated with a master-slave principle.
  • the master shall detect radar interference, can however rely on another device, associated with the master, to implement radar detection.
  • the operation on unlicensed bands at 5-GHz is in most regions limited to rather low transmit power levels compared to the operation on licensed bands which results in small coverage areas. Even if the licensed and unlicensed carriers were to be transmitted with identical power, usually the unlicensed carrier in the 5GHz band would be expected to support a smaller coverage area than a licensed cell in the 2GHz band due to increased path loss and shadowing effects for the signal. A further requirement for certain regions and bands is the use of TPC in order to reduce the average level of interference caused for other devices operating on the same unlicensed band.
  • CCA Clear Channel Assessment
  • the energy detection for the CCA is performed over the whole channel bandwidth (e.g. 20 MHz in unlicensed bands at 5 GHz), which means that the reception power levels of all subcarriers of an LTE OFDM symbol within that channel contribute to the evaluated energy level at the device that performed the CCA.
  • the Channel Occupancy Time (see ETSI 301 893, under clause 4.8.3.1).
  • the Channel Occupancy Time shall be in the range of 1 ms to 10 ms, where the maximum Channel Occupancy Time could be e.g. 4ms as currently defined for Europe.
  • the UE can perform a new CCA, and so on. This transmission behaviour is schematically illustrated in Fig. 12 , the figure being taken from ETSI EN 301 893 (there Figure 2 : "Example of timing for Frame Based Equipment").
  • Fig. 13 illustrates the timing between a Wi-Fi transmission and LAA UE transmissions on a particular frequency band (unlicensed cell).
  • a CCA gap is at least necessary before the eNB "reserves" the unlicensed cell by e.g. transmitting a reservation signal until the next subframe boundary. Then, the actual LAA DL burst is started.
  • the RACH procedure shall also be supported for unlicensed bands. It was agreed so far that only contention-free PRACH transmissions would be supported for unlicensed bands. It is still under discussion whether PRACH retransmissions will be scheduled explicitly by the eNB as well in unlicensed bands, in contrast to the PRACH retransmissions in licensed bands, as explained above. Nevertheless, even though the standardization has so far agreed that only contention-free random access shall be supported, this may change in the future and thus contention-based random access for unlicensed cells may still become relevant (actually, the principles of the invention are applicable to both contention-free and contention-based random access procedures).
  • Non-limiting and exemplary embodiments provide improved methods for performing a random access procedure between a user equipment and a radio base station via an unlicensed cell.
  • the independent claims provide non-limiting and exemplary embodiments.
  • Advantageous embodiments are subject to the dependent claims.
  • the random access procedure is improved particularly when being performed via unlicensed cell(s). More specifically, mainly the preamble sequence part (generation, selection and actual RF transmission of the preamble) of the random access procedure is improved; thus, further parts of the random access procedure are not the focus of the various aspects described and may for instance (mostly) stay the same as the random access procedure designed for licensed access.
  • the user equipment and a radio base station are connected to each other via at least one unlicensed cell in a mobile communication system.
  • the unlicensed cell may be either operated as a standalone cell or may be assisted by a further licensed cell additionally configured for the user equipment.
  • the unlicensed cell is set up having a particular frequency bandwidth, i.e. the unlicensed cell is operated by the radio base station and the user equipment on a channel having a particular frequency bandwidth in the unlicensed frequency spectrum, such as 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz or even smaller or larger bandwidths.
  • transmissions on the unlicensed cell are regulated at least in that a minimum frequency bandwidth threshold is defined, indicating a minimum channel occupation that a transmission via the unlicensed cell shall occupy.
  • the minimum channel occupation is dependent on the frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell, and thus may vary from one channel to the next; the minimum channel occupation may define a predetermined percentage of the corresponding total frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell.
  • the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold defined for the transmissions via the unlicensed cell is also taking into account when transmitting the random access preamble sequence to the radio base station as part of the random access procedure.
  • the random access preamble sequence shall be transmitted such that at least the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold defined for the unlicensed cell is exceeded to thereby comply with the minimum channel occupation requirement.
  • a particular frequency bandwidth may be determined for transmitting the random access preamble sequence via the unlicensed cell, which is larger than the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold.
  • This determination allows to flexibly handle different channel bandwidths of the unlicensed cell and thus to handle and comply with different minimum channel occupation requirements.
  • This determination may be performed at the user equipment or the radio base station.
  • the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold e.g. the determination is simply calculating a predetermined percentage of the frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell
  • the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold is known to both the user equipment and the radio base station, such that the frequency bandwidth which the random access preamble sequence transmission shall occupy can be independently determined by the UE and the radio base station.
  • the determination may be performed by one of the two entities (be it the UE or the radio base station) and then correspondingly informed to the other entity.
  • the radio base station is the responsible entity for determining the actual frequency bandwidth of the preamble transmission signal
  • the radio base station maintains control of the frequency bandwidth actually used by the UE for transmitting the random access preamble sequence.
  • the transmission of such information by the radio base station to the UE may be simply done in a corresponding system information broadcast in the radio cell or, for contention-free random access, in a corresponding message transmitted at the beginning of the contention-free random access procedure, e.g. in the same message which indicates the preamble to be used.
  • contention-free as well as contention-based random access procedures shall be supported.
  • the radio base station transmits a corresponding indication to the user equipment to indicate which random access preamble sequence is to be selected from a set of random access preamble sequences is available to the UE (and the radio base station), to which the user equipment then complies.
  • no such indication is provided by the radio base station, rather the user equipment autonomously selects a random access preamble sequence to be transmitted to the radio base station from the set of random access preamble sequences.
  • the set of random access preamble sequences available for the contention-based random access procedure can be divided in two different subgroups which are associated with different amounts of transmission resources to be requested via the transmission of the random access preamble sequence.
  • the user equipment is thus enabled to comply with the minimum channel occupation requirement defined for an unlicensed cell when performing random access procedures via this unlicensed cell.
  • the random access procedure may continue in a usual manner, thus possibly including the transmission of a random access response message from the radio base station to the user equipment.
  • the random access response may include for instance a corresponding uplink resource assignment, a timing alignment instruction, a temporary identifier for the user equipment as well as an identification of the random access preamble sequence previously transmitted by the user equipment.
  • a further message may be transmitted from the user equipment to the radio base station using the assigned uplink resources.
  • a contention resolution may be necessary and is accordingly performed between the eNodeB and the UE.
  • the existing procedure for transmitting a random access preamble sequence is reused by repeating the usual preamble transmission at different positions in the frequency domain so as to finally occupy at least the necessary frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell so as to comply with the regulatory requirements set up for such unlicensed cells.
  • the random access preamble sequence is selected in the usual manner and transmitted in a corresponding frequency position; it should be noted that the usual/legacy random access preamble transmission occupies a predetermined frequency bandwidth (as explained in the background section, 6 PRBs, i.e. 1.08 MHz).
  • the different locations in the frequency domain at which the repetitions of the preamble transmissions are performed are such that the repeated transmissions are adjacent in the frequency domain.
  • the improved random access procedure provided for unlicensed cells reuses the random access preamble sequences already defined for the usual/legacy random access procedure for licensed cells.
  • This has the advantage that no additional set(s) of random access preambles have to be defined in said respect.
  • the same set of random access preamble sequences is available for performing the random access procedure via the unlicensed cell as well as via a licensed cell.
  • a further random access preamble sequence is selected from the already generated set and is transmitted via the licensed cell to the radio base station occupying the above discussed predetermined frequency bandwidth of the licensed cell (i.e. 6 PRBs, 1,08 MHz).
  • At least two random access preamble sequences are selected and transmitted to gather by the user equipment to the radio base station.
  • at least a second random access preamble sequence is selected, different from the first-selected random access preamble sequence.
  • the transmission of the second random access preamble sequence is also repeated, however at different frequency locations than the first random access preamble sequence transmissions.
  • the first and second random access preamble sequences are repeated and transmitted together so as to occupy at least the determined frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell so as to comply with the minimum channel occupation.
  • the existing random access procedure is changed in that the length of the random access preamble sequence and the subcarrier frequency spacing for the frequency subcarriers used for transmitting the random access preamble sequence are selected such that in combination the corresponding transmission of the random access preamble sequence exceeds the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold.
  • the length of the random access preamble sequence (which basically corresponds to the number of frequency subcarriers which are then used for transmitting the random access preamble sequence) as well as the subcarrier frequency spacing (which basically determines how far the different frequency subcarriers are spaced apart from each other) together define the overall frequency bandwidth of the preamble transmission, namely simply by multiplying the number of frequency subcarriers with the value of the subcarrier frequency spacing. Consequently, by coordinating these two parameters (i.e. preamble sequence length as well as the subcarrier frequency spacing), the frequency shape/bandwidth of the preamble signal can be controlled so as to comply with the frequency bandwidth requirement that such signal shall occupy on unlicensed cells.
  • the two parameters can be controlled by either the user equipment or the radio base station or a combination thereof.
  • the subcarrier frequency spacing could be made fix while allowing the preamble sequence length to be flexibly determined depending on the actual amount of frequency bandwidth that the preamble transmission has to occupy (depending on the system bandwidth for the unlicensed cell).
  • the preamble sequence length can be made fix while allowing the subcarrier frequency spacing to be flexibly adapted to differing minimum channel occupation requirements.
  • both the preamble sequence length as well as the subcarrier frequency spacing can be flexibly controlled for the preamble transmission so as to occupy the necessary frequency bandwidth to comply with the minimum channel occupation requirement of unlicensed cells.
  • two different sets of random access preamble sequences may be generated by the user equipment, one for the licensed cell(s) and one for the unlicensed cell(s). It should be noted that the length of random access preamble sequences for the unlicensed cell will likely be larger than the length of random access preamble sequences for the licensed cell in view of that the frequency bandwidth to be occupied by the random access preamble transmission is larger for unlicensed cells than for licensed cells.
  • the two different sets comprise random access preamble sequences of different lengths. Assuming for one exemplary implementation that the random access preamble sequences are generated from suitable root sequences (e.g.
  • the corresponding root sequence for generating random access preamble sequences to be used in connection with the unlicensed cell are longer than a root sequence used to generate random access preamble sequences for the licensed cell.
  • the corresponding preamble is selected from the corresponding licensed cell set, whereas, when performing a random access procedure via the unlicensed cell, the corresponding preamble is selected from the corresponding unlicensed cell set.
  • the techniques disclosed here feature a method for performing a random access procedure between a user equipment and a radio base station in a mobile communication system.
  • the user equipment is configured with at least one unlicensed cell, and the random access procedure is performed via the unlicensed cell having an unlicensed cell frequency bandwidth.
  • a minimum frequency bandwidth threshold is defined for transmissions via the unlicensed cell, and the method comprises the following steps performed by the user equipment for the random access procedure.
  • the user equipment selects a random access preamble sequence for the random access procedure, and determines a frequency bandwidth for transmitting the random access preamble sequence via the unlicensed cell.
  • the determined frequency bandwidth of the random access preamble sequence is at least the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold.
  • the user equipment transmits the random access preamble sequence to the radio base station such that at least the determined frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell is occupied.
  • the techniques disclosed here feature a user equipment for performing a random access procedure with a radio base station in a mobile communication system.
  • the user equipment is configured with at least one unlicensed cell, and the random access procedure is performed via the unlicensed cell having an unlicensed cell frequency bandwidth.
  • a minimum frequency bandwidth threshold is defined for transmissions via the unlicensed cell.
  • a processor of the user equipment selects a random access preamble sequence for the random access procedure.
  • the processor further determines a frequency bandwidth for transmitting the random access preamble sequence via the unlicensed cell.
  • the determined frequency bandwidth is at least the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold.
  • a transmitter of the user equipment transmits the random access preamble sequence to the radio base station such that at least the determined frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell is occupied.
  • the techniques disclosed here feature a radio base station for performing a random access procedure with a user equipment in a mobile communication system.
  • the user equipment is configured with at least one unlicensed cell, and the random access procedure is performed via the unlicensed cell having an unlicensed cell frequency bandwidth.
  • a minimum frequency bandwidth threshold is defined for transmissions via the unlicensed cell.
  • a frequency bandwidth is determined for the user equipment to transmit the random access preamble sequence via the unlicensed cell, the determined frequency bandwidth being at least the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold.
  • a receiver of the radio base station receives the random access preamble sequence, selected by the user equipment for the random access procedure, such that at least a determined frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell is occupied.
  • the determined frequency bandwidth is at least the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold.
  • a mobile station or mobile node or user terminal or user equipment is a physical entity within a communication network.
  • One node may have several functional entities.
  • a functional entity refers to a software or hardware module that implements and/or offers a predetermined set of functions to other functional entities of a node or the network.
  • Nodes may have one or more interfaces that attach the node to a communication facility or medium over which nodes can communicate.
  • a network entity may have a logical interface attaching the functional entity to a communication facility or medium over which it may communicate with other functional entities or correspondent nodes.
  • radio resources as used in the set of claims and in the application is to be broadly understood as referring to physical radio resources, such as time-frequency resources.
  • unlicensed cell or alternatively “unlicensed carrier” as used in the set of claims and in the application is to be understood broadly as a cell/carrier operated in an unlicensed frequency band, with a particular frequency bandwidth.
  • licensed cell or alternatively “ licensed carrier” as used in the set of claims and in the application is to be understood broadly as a cell/carrier operated in a licensed frequency band, with a particular frequency bandwidth.
  • these terms are to be understood in the context of 3GPP as of Release 12/13 and the Licensed-Assisted Access Work Item.
  • minimum frequency bandwidth threshold as used in the set of claims and in the application is to be understood as a minimum channel occupation for the unlicensed cell(s).
  • transmissions via the unlicensed cells shall occupy frequency-wise at least the amount set by this threshold.
  • the minimum channel occupation is given by regulations defined for certain geographical regions, e.g. for Europe 80 % of the system bandwidth.
  • Europe transmissions on an unlicensed cell with 20 MHz will have to at least occupy 16 MHz.
  • random access procedure used in the set of claims and in the application may in one exemplary embodiment be construed as the random access procedure of the 3GPP standardization as explained in the background section.
  • random access preamble sequence used interchangeably to refer to the complex sequence transmitted by the UE during the random access procedure, in one exemplary embodiment the preamble message transmitted as explained for steps 301, 401 of Fig. 3 and 4 respectively.
  • repeating used in the set of claims and in the application shall be construed broadly as “performing a particular action several times”, in this particular case the transmission of the preamble is performed several times however at different positions in the frequency domain.
  • occupy , " occupy a frequency bandwidth " as used in the set of claims and in the application may be broadly construed as meaning that the particular transmission of a signal/message/preamble is performed by using (all) the frequencies of the particular frequency bandwidth.
  • LAA licensed-assisted access
  • One straightforward solution for introducing the random access procedure for LAA would be to apply the existing random access procedure for licensed cells also for unlicensed cells, including the existing preamble formats, signal shape and transmission procedures as described in the background section.
  • the CCA can be performed on the UE side directly prior to the PRACH transmission opportunity, or alternatively on the eNodeB side prior to scheduling a PRACH transmission opportunity.
  • each transmission on the unlicensed band that follows a CCA has to occupy at least 80 % of the nominal channel bandwidth.
  • Similar regulation can also be found for other countries such as the USA where the minimum transmission bandwidth is 500 kHz (see 3GPP TR 36.889). Assuming a nominal channel bandwidth of 20 MHz for the LTE operation in unlicensed bands (e.g. see TR 36.889), the minimum channel occupation of 80 % set up for Europe results in a minimum frequency bandwidth of 16 MHz.
  • a PRACH transmission following the existing definition in licensed bands occupies however only 6 consecutive PRBs, independent from the channel bandwidth, which corresponds to 1,08 MHz, i.e. only 5,4 % of the nominal channel bandwidth of 20 MHz.
  • the straightforward solution, applying the existing definition of the PRACH transmission for unlicensed cells does therefore not fulfill the requirements for the minimum channel occupation given by the European regulation.
  • this minimum channel occupation is dependent on the actual channel bandwidth of the unlicensed cell and thus may vary from one unlicensed cell to the next.
  • the transmission of the random access preamble has to adapt to the channel bandwidth so as to be able to comply with the minimum channel occupation requirement defined for unlicensed cells.
  • the existing random access procedure, particularly the transmission of the random access preamble is fixed in its bandwidth, namely always using 6 PRBs, independent from the actual channel bandwidth of the (licensed) cell.
  • a further disadvantage of using the existing mechanism for the random access preamble transmission via unlicensed cells is that it lacks flexibility to comply with the minimum channel occupation requirement which actually may change depending on the channel bandwidth of the unlicensed cell.
  • the following embodiments may be implemented in the 3GPP LTE-A (Rel.12/13) environment.
  • the various embodiments mainly allow for an improved random access procedure, particularly for an improved transmission of the random access preamble.
  • Other functionality i.e. functionality not changed by the various embodiments
  • functions and procedures leading to the performance of the improved random access procedure such as the need of uplink synchronization or the need to transmit a scheduling request
  • the remaining steps of the random access procedure such as the random-access response, contention resolution etc.
  • 3GPP is planning to enhance current systems by introducing LAA, licensed-assisted access, including the use of unlicensed cells being operated on channel(s) in the unlicensed frequency spectrum.
  • LAA licensed-assisted access
  • the UE is configured with at least one licensed cell and at least one unlicensed cell.
  • the different embodiments focus on performing a random access procedure on the unlicensed cell, such that the different embodiments also apply to scenarios where the unlicensed cell is operated in a standalone manner (i.e. without a corresponding licensed cell).
  • the unlicensed cell can be configured between the eNodeB and the UE in the usual manner as described in the background section. Accordingly, the unlicensed cell is operated on a particular channel in the unlicensed frequency spectrum having a particular frequency bandwidth (also termed nominal channel bandwidth in some European standards), such as 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz or even smaller or larger bandwidths (in the future). As explained in detail in the background section, operation on the unlicensed cell is regulated in many ways, e.g. in Europe according to the European standard ETSI 301 893. Among many things, for European (and also for other regions a minimum channel occupation is defined for the unlicensed cell channel, e.g.
  • the occupied channel bandwidth for the unlicensed cell shall be between 80% and 100% of the declared nominal channel bandwidth of the unlicensed cell.
  • any transmissions on the unlicensed cell must comply with this minimum channel occupation requirement such that the transmissions shall occupy a corresponding frequency bandwidth part of the total unlicensed cell frequency bandwidth.
  • the resulting necessary minimum frequency bandwidth to be occupied is different between channels having different nominal channel bandwidths.
  • both the eNodeB and the UE are aware of the particular minimum channel occupation that is to be complied with.
  • the UE and the eNodeB will be aware of the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold, which depends on the actual system bandwidth with which the unlicensed cell is set up. There are different possibilities on how this may be achieved.
  • both the UE and the eNodeB will independently from each other determine the particular minimum frequency bandwidth threshold, both arriving at the same value by following the same rules of determination.
  • the eNodeB will determine the particular minimum frequency bandwidth threshold and will correspondingly inform the UE about it, e.g.
  • the UE will determine the particular minimum frequency bandwidth threshold and will correspondingly inform the eNodeB about it. In any case, both the UE and the eNodeB will have the same understanding on the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold that the preamble transmission as to at least occupy.
  • This minimum frequency bandwidth threshold represents a lower limit for the frequency bandwidth which the random access preamble transmission has to occupy.
  • the actually used frequency bandwidth of the random access preamble transmission has to be also known by both the UE and the eNodeB such that the eNodeB will be able to successfully blind decode the random access preamble.
  • the actual preamble transmission frequency bandwidth can be determined by the UE and/or the eNodeB, and information can be exchanged between the two entities if necessary. Details will also become apparent from the detailed description of the various embodiments.
  • the different embodiments of the invention focus on the transmission of the random access preamble, and thus are equally possible for the contention-based RACH procedure where the UE autonomously selects a suitable random access preamble sequence (from a suitable set of preambles) as well as for the contention-free RACH procedure where the UE receives a corresponding indication from the eNodeB as to which random access preamble sequence (of that set of preambles) shall be used for the random access procedure.
  • the contention-based RACH procedure might also allow the UE to choose between two subgroups (into which the set of preambles available for the contention-based random access procedure is divided) so as to allow one bit of information to be additionally transmitted, giving information about the amount of transmission resources necessary for transmitting the next message (msg3, 303 in Fig. 3 ).
  • the random access procedure with the exception of the transmission (and reception) of the random access preamble might not have to change. Consequently, the overall structure and sequence of the random access procedure as exemplarily discussed in the background section may stay the same while only introducing changes to the random access procedure in relation to the transmission of the random access preamble as discussed in the various embodiments below.
  • the standardized procedures for triggering the random access procedure, as well as the other messages of the random access procedure might not have to change. In order to avoid repetition, reference is thus made to the corresponding paragraphs in the above background section.
  • the existing definition of how to transmit the random access preamble to the radio base station is reused, but the first embodiment additionally introduces a repetition mechanism as follows.
  • the repetition mechanism in the UE allows the usual transmission of the random access preamble to be repeated at different frequency positions in the frequency domain as often as necessary such that the combined transmissions of the random access preamble occupy at least the necessary frequency bandwidth to comply with the minimum channel occupation requirement defined for the unlicensed cell.
  • the repetition scheme allows to flexibly adapt the overall PRACH transmission, i.e.
  • the usual random access procedure as described in detail in the background section for the licensed cells is followed as much as possible. This, for instance includes that the UE will generate a set of random access preambles, in the same manner as described in the background section; thus, for instance including the use of a Zadoff-Chu root sequence explicitly indicated by the eNodeB, from which then the 64 different random access preamble sequences are generated by using cyclic shifts.
  • the thus generated set of random access preambles is not only available to be used for performing a random access procedure via the licensed cell, but shall also be available to be used for performing a random access procedure via the unlicensed cell.
  • the random access preambles may thus also have the same structure as explained in connection with Fig. 5 , as well as have the same sequence length for the different preamble formats (i.e. 839 for formats 0-3 or 139 for format 4).
  • the same PRACH time duration can be assumed as before, i.e. combining T CP and the T SEQ .
  • the UE will receive a corresponding indication from the eNodeB as to which particular random access preamble of the generated set shall be used for the random access procedure.
  • the UE will thus select the indicated random access preamble from the available set of preambles and will then prepare the transmission of same to the eNodeB as follows.
  • the licensed and unlicensed cells are set up with a nominal channel bandwidth of 20 MHz (the nominal channel bandwidth can also be termed as "system bandwidth").
  • the nominal channel bandwidth can also be termed as "system bandwidth").
  • Fig. 14a and 14b respectively illustrate a PRACH transmission in the licensed cell and the unlicensed cell performed by a corresponding UE supporting LAA.
  • PRACH random access preamble
  • the transmission of the random access preamble (PRACH) via the licensed cell is performed in the usual 6 PRBs, i.e. having a frequency bandwidth of 1,08 MHz (6x180 kHz).
  • the first embodiment suggests introducing a repetition mechanism which repeats the "usual" preamble transmission at different frequency positions thereby composing an overall PRACH transmission which exceeds the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold of 16 MHz.
  • the usual PRACH transmission may be repeated as often as necessary until the minimum channel occupation of 16 MHz is surpassed. In this particular case, this means that 14 repetitions of the PRACH transmission are to be performed, thus in total transmitting 15 times the usual PRACH, thereby using 90 PRBs occupying 16,2 MHz.
  • Fig. 15a discloses a PRACH transmission via the licensed cell, which spans 6 PRBs in the usual manner.
  • Fig. 15b for the unlicensed cell there are 7 repetitions and thus 8 PRACH transmissions occupying a total of 48 PRBs and 8,64 MHz (48x180 kHz).
  • different offsets ⁇ can be used, which e.g. could be directly derivable by the UE from the initial offset ⁇ (being 7 or 2, depending on the preamble format) derived from the corresponding table in the background section.
  • the different offsets can be chosen such that the separate preamble transmissions are directly adjacent although without overlapping each other.
  • it might also be possible to allow a slight overlapping of 2 adjacent preamble transmissions such that only one guard band (instead of two guard bands as apparent from Fig. 16 ) separates the two preamble transmissions.
  • the frequency offsets for the repetitions have to be set accordingly.
  • Fig. 16 is based on the example scenario of Fig. 15b , and additionally expands the view so as to illustrate the various subcarriers and guard bands for two adjacent preamble transmissions out of the eighth preamble transmissions.
  • the usual 1,25 kHz subcarrier frequency spacing is assumed with 839 subcarriers composing the PRACH signal (see also Fig. 7 and the corresponding part of the background section).
  • the necessary number of repetitions necessary to comply with the minimum channel occupation requirement set up for the unlicensed cell can be autonomously determined by the UE and the eNodeB by a simple calculation based on the frequency bandwidth occupied by a usual preamble transmission (i.e. 1,08 MHz) and the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold (e.g. 16 MHz for a 20 MHz system bandwidth or 8 MHz for a 10 MHz system bandwidth).
  • the eNodeB might explicitly indicate to the UE the number of repetitions it shall use when transmitting the preamble.
  • the number of repetitions might be fixed in the standard for the different system bandwidth constellations. As apparent from Fig.
  • 14b and 15b respectively 14 and 7 repetitions are necessary, or put differently respectively 15 and 8 usual PRACH transmissions are necessary for the exemplary assumed scenarios.
  • the eNodeB will thus be able to successfully decode the PRACH transmissions.
  • the number of repetitions for each nominal channel bandwidth could be predefined in the standard and thus known to both the UE and eNodeB.
  • each of the PRACH transmissions is transmitted by the UE with the same transmission power as used for the usual PRACH transmission (in the licensed cell).
  • Fig. 17a illustrates a PRACH transmission of the UE via the licensed cell having a particular transmission power and power spectral density, the PRACH transmission spanning the usual 6 PRBs and 1,08 MHz.
  • the transmission power is determined in the usual manner, e.g. by an open-loop estimation with full compensation for the pathloss.
  • the UE estimates the pathloss averaging measurements of the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP).
  • Fig. 17a illustrates such a PRACH transmission via the licensed cell.
  • RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
  • FIG. 17b illustrates the combined PRACH transmission via the unlicensed cell as described above for the first embodiment in connection with Fig. 15b , the transmission spanning 48 PRB and 8,64 MHz.
  • Fig. 17b for the present implementation of the first embodiment it is assumed that all the various transmissions of the usual PRACH transmission (i.e. all the repetitions) have the same power spectral density, i.e. are transmitted with the same transmission power.
  • This can be implemented in the UE by applying the same transmission power value configured for the usual PRACH transmission to also the repetitions at the different frequency positions via the unlicensed cell.
  • the UE instead of using the same transmission power value, the UE might use different transmission power levels to transmit the various PRACH transmissions. For instance, all the various PRACH transmissions may be transmitted with a lower transmission power, e.g. half of the transmission power.
  • One particular way to configure the transmission power is to set a transmission power for each of the various PRACH transmissions such that the overall transmission power (i.e. the transmission power used for transmitting all of the PRACHs, e.g. 8 total transmissions for Fig. 17b ) is the same as the transmission power used for transmitting one PRACH via the licensed cell.
  • the overall transmission power i.e. the transmission power used for transmitting all of the PRACHs, e.g. 8 total transmissions for Fig. 17b
  • the overall transmission power i.e. the transmission power used for transmitting all of the PRACHs, e.g. 8 total transmissions for Fig. 17b
  • the overall transmission power is reduced by the total number of PRACH transmission (e.g. PSD/8)
  • Fig. 18 illustrates an exemplary implementation of the UE transmitter according to the first embodiment, explained in the background section in connection with Fig. 10 .
  • the repetition mechanism described above in the various implementations of the first embodiment can be implemented in the transmission chain between the DFT and the subcarrier mapping.
  • the DFT and subcarrier mapping achieve the positioning of the PRACH signal in the frequency domain, and thus the same generated preamble (left part) of length Nzc can be repeated at different frequency positions in the frequency domain by processing the generated preamble in the various DFTs and positioning the resulting frequency samples (Nzc) at corresponding frequency positions by the subcarrier mapping as exemplary illustrated in Fig. 14b and 15b .
  • Additional information could comprise for example an indicator for the channel occupation observed by the UE sending the PRACH.
  • the observed channel occupation could be defined by a ratio of successful and unsuccessful CCAs on UE side prior to the PRACH transmission.
  • a threshold could be defined for that ratio such as for example 0,5.
  • the transmitted PRACH could then convey the information whether the ratio is above the defined threshold or equal or below the defined threshold.
  • the eNB can make use of this information when scheduling downlink data transmissions for the UE in the sense that less quality of service can be expected if the ratio is low.
  • the different preambles can both be indicated separately by the eNodeB.
  • a fixed association between the different preambles can be defined, such that upon being indicated one particular random access preamble by the eNodeB (or upon autonomously selecting one random access preamble in case of contention-based RACH), the UE will correspondingly select further random access preamble(s) associated with the indicated (or autonomously selected) random access preamble.
  • the particular association can be optimized so as to increase the transmission performance by appropriately defining the associations such that the PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) or CM (Cubic Metric) of the overall transmission is minimized.
  • preambles A and B are used alternately in the frequency domain, thus giving a repetition pattern of ABABABAB... for transmitting the 15 PRACH transmissions.
  • Another exemplary repetition pattern is illustrated in Fig. 20 assuming as well two different preambles A and B, where preamble A is used for (approximately) one half of the total frequency bandwidth of the combined PRACH transmission, and preamble B is used for the other half (i.e. AAAAAAABBBBBBBB).
  • preamble A, B, C with the exemplary illustrated repetition pattern AAAAABBBBBCCCCC.
  • the repetition pattern to be used can be selected by the UE e.g. from a limited number of preconfigured repetition patterns.
  • the number of preconfigured repetition patterns could for instance be configured by the eNodeB and accordingly informed to the UE(s) in its cell, or could be fixed in the standard.
  • Each of the preconfigured repetition patterns may for instance be associated with one particular information, such that the selection of the particular repetition pattern by the UE already encodes a particular information.
  • the eNodeB when blind decoding the PRACH repetitions, will successfully decode the various PRACH transmissions according to the repetition pattern chosen by the UE and will thus derive the encoded information.
  • Information on the necessary transmission resources could be relevant information for being encoded by the repetition pattern.
  • one repetition pattern could be associated with a larger amount of transmission resources while the other repetition pattern could be interpreted to indicate that only a small amount of transmission resources are necessary for the UE.
  • the pattern ABABABAB... could for example indicate a channel occupation ratio of more than 0,5, while the pattern BABABABA... could indicate a channel occupation ratio of equal to or less than 0,5.
  • one or more configuration parameters for transmitting the PRACH signal are adapted so as to spread the signal over the necessary frequency bandwidth, i.e. so as to comply with the minimum channel occupation requirement for unlicensed cells.
  • the configuration parameters are the length of the RACH preamble sequence (i.e. Nzc) and the subcarrier frequency spacing for the subcarriers used for transmitting the RACH preamble (i.e. ⁇ f RA ) . These two parameters in combination basically define the total frequency bandwidth of the PRACH signal transmission.
  • the frequency bandwidth of the usual PRACH transmission is independent from the system bandwidth of the channel on which it is transmitted and always 1,08 MHz.
  • the subcarrier frequency spacing is 1,25 kHz with 864 subcarriers (839 subcarriers + 2x12,5 subcarriers for the guard bands) (see Fig. 7 ) having thus a frequency bandwidth of 1,08 MHz; for preamble format 4, the subcarrier frequency spacing is 7,5 kHz with 144 subcarriers (139 subcarriers + 2x2,5 subcarriers for the guard bands) again having a frequency bandwidth of 1,08 MHz.
  • the number of subcarriers used for transmitting the PRACH signal is the same as the preamble sequence length N ZC , since the preamble sequence is first converted into N ZC frequency samples that are respectively mapped to corresponding N ZC subcarriers.
  • This implementation approach is typically applied in LTE since it is a property of ZC sequences that the DFT of such a sequence is again a weighted cyclicallyshifted ZC sequence.
  • the length of the preamble sequence is a prime number, optimum cyclic cross-correlation between any pair is achieved.
  • the frequency bandwidth of the PRACH transmission can be controlled so as to comply with the minimum channel occupation requirements set up for unlicensed cells.
  • either one of the two parameters or both of them can be changed when compared to the usual/legacy PRACH signal performed for unlicensed cells.
  • a minimum frequency bandwidth threshold of respectively 8 MHz and 16 MHz is thus to be complied with when performing a random access procedure via the unlicensed cell e.g when transmitting the preamble from the UE to the eNodeB as part of the random access procedure.
  • the subcarrier frequency spacing could be maintained the same 1,25 kHz as for the usual/legacy PRACH transmission of preamble formats 0-3 (or 7,5 kHz for preamble format 4), thus leaving only the preamble sequence length as the parameter to control depending on the determined minimum frequency bandwidth threshold.
  • 1,25 kHZ and the 8 MHz frequency bandwidth threshold at least 6400 subcarriers are "necessary" to achieve a PRACH signal with a frequency bandwidth of 8 MHz.
  • prime-length preamble sequences should be chosen.
  • a preamble length of 6421 could be chosen, which then results at a frequency bandwidth of 8,026 MHz.
  • the preamble sequence length and thus the number of subcarriers for transmitting the preamble signal, can be maintained the same (i.e. 839 for preamble formats 0-3 and 139 for preamble format 4) as for the usual/legacy PRACH transmission.
  • both the preamble length and the RACH subcarrier frequency spacing can be changed so as to comply with the minimum channel occupation requirement.
  • the subcarrier frequency spacing of 7,5 kHz could be assumed, which would make it necessary having at least 1067 subcarriers in total for the PRACH signal (including the actual preamble subcarriers and the additional subcarriers for the guard bands).
  • the subcarrier frequency spacing adopted for the PRACH transmission should be an integer fraction of the subcarrier frequency spacing used for the PUSCH transmission (i.e. 15 kHz), such as 1, 2,5, 3, 5, 7,5 or 15 kHz. Or put the other way around, the subcarrier spacing of the PUSCH should be an integer multiple of the PRACH subcarrier spacing.
  • a PRACH should be allocated a frequency bandwidth equal to an integer multiple of that of the resource blocks, i.e. an integer multiple of 180 kHz.
  • prime-length preamble sequences should be chosen.
  • the just explained design constraints so as to obtain optimized results can more easily be achieved when having both parameters, i.e. the preamble length and the subcarrier frequency spacing, variable as will be discussed below.
  • a system with an unlicensed cell having a system bandwidth of 20 MHz is assumed, with the corresponding minimum frequency bandwidth threshold of 16 MHz.
  • the resulting frequency bandwidth of the PR ACH transmission signal should be a multiple of the resource block bandwidth of 180 kHz
  • a total frequency bandwidth for the PRACH signal of 16,02 MHz could be assumed spanning 89 PRBs, thereby facilitating the frequency multiplexing of the PRACH and the PUSCH as mentioned above.
  • a subcarrier frequency spacing of 15 kHz can be determined, which thus results in a number of subcarriers of 1068.
  • the nearest prime number below 1068 is 1063, such that 5 subcarriers can be foreseen for the 2 guard bands, i.e.
  • the subcarrier frequency spacing is an integer fraction of the PUSH subcarrier frequency spacing which minimizes the orthogonality loss in the frequency domain
  • the preamble sequence length is a prime number which increases the cross-correlation properties.
  • the prime number of 1069 could be chosen for the preamble sequence length, the same length as for a 10 MHz system, such that the same preambles can be used for both unlicensed cell bandwidths, which has the advantage that the UE avoids having to provide preambles of different sequence lengths for supporting the two system bandwidths.
  • the total frequency bandwidth should cover 16,2 MHz (i.e. covering 90 PRBs with each 180 kHz)
  • 1080 subcarriers, each having 15 kHz are to be used in total for transmitting the PRACH signal. This results in 5,5 subcarriers per guard band.
  • the preamble length of respectively 1069 and 1063 which also influences the size of the DFT, IDFT (see Fig. 27 ) is not increased very much when compared to the preamble length of 839 already foreseen for legacy PRACH.
  • the DFT and IDFT operation complexity is not increased too much.
  • a similar approach can be applied so as to configure the parameters to be used for transmitting the PRACH signal for unlicensed cells having different system bandwidths, such as 40 MHz.
  • the preamble sequence length and the RACH subcarrier frequency spacing so as to achieve that the frequency bandwidth of the resulting PRACH transmission signal exceeds the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold imposed on unlicensed cells.
  • the corresponding parameter(s) can be chosen either by the UE or the eNodeB, wherein in the latter case the eNodeB would have to instruct the UE accordingly.
  • different parameter combinations are preconfigured for the different system bandwidths, for instance the parameter combinations described above such that for a system bandwidth of 20 MHz, a preamble length of 1069 and a subcarrier frequency spacing of 15 kHz could be chosen.
  • a preamble length of 1069 and a subcarrier frequency spacing of 7 kHz could be chosen.
  • the sequence length of the preamble may be changed as a function of the system bandwidth, i.e. the corresponding minimum frequency bandwidth threshold.
  • the particular preambles, having a fixed length of 839 or 139, generated for performing the random access procedure via the licensed cell may not be reused for performing the random access procedure via an unlicensed cell.
  • at least a further set of random access preambles could be generated for this purpose, such that different sets of preambles are available for performing the random access procedure either via the licensed cell or via the unlicensed cell.
  • a further set of preambles could be generated having a sequence length of 1069.
  • a suitable root sequence with a sequence length of 1069 could be provided (e.g. by the eNodeB and indicated to the UE) from which a particular number of different preambles could be generated by the UE by performing cyclic shifts.
  • 64 different preambles of length 1069 could be generated by performing cyclic shifts of the corresponding root sequence.
  • less preambles could be generated for the set, e.g. only 16.
  • the PRACH transmission via the unlicensed cell is performed using the same transmission power as configured for the usual PRACH transmission via the licensed cell.
  • a corresponding illustration of this is presented in Fig. 24a and 24b .
  • the power spectral density for the PRACH transmission via the unlicensed cell is greatly reduced when compared to the corresponding PRACH transmission via the licensed cell as illustrated in Fig. 24a .
  • the PRACH transmission via the unlicensed cell could be transmitted with a different transmission power value, be it higher or lower than the one used for the PRACH transmission via the licensed cell.
  • the transmission power could be increased so as to achieve basically the same power spectral density over the enlarged frequency bandwidth as for the transmission of the usual PRACH transmission via the licensed cell (see Fig. 24a ).
  • the transmission power for PRACH transmissions via the unlicensed cell could also be reduced compared to PRACH transmissions via the licensed cell if the licensed cell is a macro cell with large coverage area compared to an unlicensed cell with small coverage area.
  • Fig. 27 illustrates an exemplary implementation of the UE transmitter according to the second embodiment, which is similar to the one described in the background section in connection with Fig. 10 .
  • the above described principles behind the second embodiment do not require a substantial change in the transmission chain of the UE. Rather, different values for the size of the DFT and IDFT as well as the sampling rate f s are to be applied for processing a suitable preamble to be transmitted via the unlicensed cell.
  • the size of the DFT and IDFT directly corresponds to the sequence lengths of the preamble.
  • This third embodiment is basically a combination of the first and second embodiments thus allowing to combine the two principles in the best manner.
  • one of the improved PRACH transmissions described by the second embodiment can be repeated according to the repetition mechanism as introduced by the first embodiment.
  • the third embodiment might be most advantageous for large system bandwidths of e.g. 40 MHz, so as to keep the RACH subcarrier frequency spacing at or below 15 kHz (as for the PUSCH) while not having to increase too much the preamble length which may be detrimental for the generation of the preambles and the implementation of the UE transmitter, particularly the DFT and the IDFT.
  • the PRACH signal as explained in connection with Fig. 22b can be assumed which then could be repeated once (i.e. being transmitted twice in total) so as to comply with the minimum channel occupation of 80 % of the 40 MHz system bandwidth of the unlicensed cell.
  • FIG. 28 Another example is illustrated according to Fig. 28 , where it is assumed that a PRACH signal with a frequency bandwidth of 8,1 MHz (see Fig. 23b , 26 ) is used and repeated three times, such that the combined PRACH transmission of in total four PRACHs covers the sufficient frequency bandwidth of more than 32 MHz.
  • a user terminal mobile terminal
  • an eNodeB base station
  • the user terminal and base station is adapted to perform the methods described herein, including corresponding entities to participate appropriately in the methods, such as receiver, transmitter, processors.
  • a computing device or processor may for example be general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, etc.
  • DSP digital signal processors
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuits
  • FPGA field programmable gate arrays
  • the various embodiments may also be performed or embodied by a combination of these devices.
  • each functional block used in the description of each embodiment described above can be realized by an LSI as an integrated circuit. They may be individually formed as chips, or one chip may be formed so as to include a part or all of the functional blocks. They may include a data input and output coupled thereto.
  • the LSI here may be referred to as an IC, a system LSI, a super LSI, or an ultra LSI depending on a difference in the degree of integration.
  • the technique of implementing an integrated circuit is not limited to the LSI and may be realized by using a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor.
  • a FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • a reconfigurable processor in which the connections and the settings of circuits cells disposed inside the LSI can be reconfigured may be used.
  • the various embodiments may also be implemented by means of software modules, which are executed by a processor or directly in hardware. Also a combination of software modules and a hardware implementation may be possible.
  • the software modules may be stored on any kind of computer readable storage media, for example RAM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, registers, hard disks, CD-ROM, DVD, etc. It should be further noted that the individual features of the different embodiments may individually or in arbitrary combination be subject matter to another embodiment.
  • a method for performing a random access procedure between a user equipment and a radio base station in a mobile communication system, wherein the user equipment is configured with at least one unlicensed cell, the random access procedure being performed via the unlicensed cell having an unlicensed cell frequency bandwidth, wherein a minimum frequency bandwidth threshold is defined for transmissions via the unlicensed cell, wherein the method comprises the following steps performed by the user equipment for the random access procedure:
  • a transmission of a random access preamble sequence via a licensed cell occupies a predetermined frequency bandwidth
  • the step of transmitting the random access preamble sequence via the unlicensed cell comprises: repeating the transmission of the generated random access preamble sequence at different positions in the frequency domain so as to occupy at least the determined frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell.
  • the user equipment determines a number of repetitions necessary for occupying the determined frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell, the determination being based on the determined frequency bandwidth for transmitting the random access preamble sequence via the unlicensed cell and on the predetermined frequency bandwidth for transmitting the random access preamble sequence via the licensed cell.
  • the repeated transmissions of the generated random access preamble sequence are adjacent in the frequency domain.
  • the method further comprises the steps of:
  • the step of transmitting the at least second random access preamble sequence via the unlicensed cell comprises repeating the transmission of the generated at least second random access preamble sequence at different positions in the frequency domain.
  • the step of transmitting the random access preamble sequence and the at least second random access preamble sequence are performed together such that at least the determined frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell is occupied.
  • the step of selecting the second random access preamble sequence is based on an association between the second random access preamble sequence and the random access preamble sequence.
  • a set of random access preamble sequences is generated by the user equipment available for performing the random access procedure via the unlicensed cell and via one of at least one licensed cell with which the user equipment is further configured, and wherein the step of selecting the random access preamble sequence selects one random access preamble sequence from the generated set.
  • the user equipment when performing a random access procedure via the licensed cell , selects a third random access preamble sequence from the generated set and transmits the selected third random access preamble sequence via the licensed cell to the radio base station occupying a predetermined frequency bandwidth of the licensed cell.
  • the step of transmitting the random access preamble sequence is performed with a length of the random access preamble sequence and a subcarrier frequency spacing for frequency subcarriers used for transmitting the random access preamble sequence such that the transmission of the random access preamble sequence occupies at least the determined frequency bandwidth.
  • the length of the random access preamble sequence corresponds to the number of frequency subcarriers used for transmitting the random access preamble sequence, and the frequency subcarriers used for transmitting the random access preamble sequence are spaced apart from each other by the subcarrier frequency spacing, preferably wherein the subcarrier frequency spacing is an integer fraction of a subcarrier frequency spacing for frequency subcarriers used for transmitting a data channel.
  • the length of the random access preamble sequence and/or the subcarrier frequency spacing for the random access preamble sequence are/is determined based on the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold by either the user equipment or by the radio base station which indicates them/it to the user equipment.
  • a first set of random access preamble sequences is generated by the user equipment for performing the random access procedure via the unlicensed cell, and wherein the step of selecting the random access preamble sequence selects one random access preamble sequence of the generated set.
  • a second set of random access preamble sequences is generated by the user equipment for performing the random access procedure via one of at least one licensed cell with which the user equipment is further configured, wherein, when performing a random access procedure via the licensed cell, the user equipment selects a fourth random access preamble sequence from the second set and transmits the selected fourth random access preamble sequence via the licensed cell to the radio base station occupying a predetermined frequency bandwidth of the licensed cell, preferably wherein the predetermined frequency bandwidth is 1,08 MHz comprising either 839 subcarriers with a 1,25 kHz subcarrier frequency spacing or 139 subcarriers with a 7,5 kHz subcarrier frequency spacing.
  • each random access preamble sequence of the first set is generated by respectively performing a different cyclic shift of a root sequence, preferably wherein the root sequence and/or the length of the root sequence to be used by the user equipment to generate the set of random access preamble sequences are/is indicated by the radio base station.
  • a transmission power is configured for transmitting random access preamble sequences via a licensed cell, and the transmission of the random access preamble via the unlicensed cell is performed either:
  • the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold is determined
  • the method further comprises the step of receiving by the user equipment an indication from the radio base station indicating which random access preamble sequence to select, and wherein the step of selecting the random access preamble sequence selects the indicated random access preamble sequence, or wherein the step of selecting is performed by the user equipment without an indication from the radio base station indicating which random access preamble sequence to select, preferably wherein a set of random access preamble sequences is divided into two subgroups and the user equipments selects the random access preamble sequence from one of the two subgroups depending on transmission resources necessary for transmitting by the user equipment a subsequent message of the random access procedure to the radio base station.
  • the method further comprises the following steps performed by the user equipment:
  • the random access response message further includes one or more of:
  • a use equipment for performing a random access procedure with a radio base station in a mobile communication system, wherein the user equipment is configured with at least one unlicensed cell, the random access procedure being performed via the unlicensed cell having an unlicensed cell frequency bandwidth, wherein a minimum frequency bandwidth threshold is defined for transmissions via the unlicensed cell, wherein the user equipment comprises:
  • a transmission of a random access preamble sequence via a licensed cell occupies a predetermined frequency bandwidth
  • the transmitter when transmitting the random access preamble sequence, repeats the transmission of the generated random access preamble sequence at different positions in the frequency domain so as to occupy at least the determined frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell.
  • the processor determines a number of repetitions necessary for occupying the determined frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell, the determination being based on the determined frequency bandwidth for transmitting the random access preamble sequence via the unlicensed cell and on the predetermined frequency bandwidth for transmitting the random access preamble sequence via the licensed cell.
  • the repeated transmissions of the generated random access preamble sequence are adjacent in the frequency domain.
  • the processor selects at least a second random access preamble sequence, different from the random access preamble sequence, and the transmitter transmits the at least second random access preamble sequence to the radio base station, and wherein the transmitter, when transmitting the second random access preamble sequence, repeats the transmission of the second random access preamble sequence at different positions in the frequency domain.
  • the step of transmitting the random access preamble sequence and the at least second random access preamble sequence are performed together such that at least the determined frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell is occupied.
  • the step of selecting the second random access preamble sequence is based on an association between the second random access preamble sequence and the random access preamble sequence.
  • the processor generates wherein a set of random access preamble sequences available for performing the random access procedure via the unlicensed cell and via one of at least one licensed cell with which the user equipment is further configured, and wherein the processor, when selecting the random access preamble sequence for the random access procedure, selects one random access preamble sequence from the generated set.
  • the processor selects a third random access preamble sequence from the generated set, and the transmitter transmits the selected third random access preamble sequence via the licensed cell to the radio base station occupying a predetermined frequency bandwidth of the licensed cell.
  • the transmitter performs the transmission of the random access preamble sequence with a length of the random access preamble sequence and a subcarrier frequency spacing for frequency subcarriers used for transmitting the random access preamble sequence such that the transmission of the random access preamble sequence occupies at least the determined frequency bandwidth.
  • the length of the random access preamble sequence corresponds to the number of frequency subcarriers used for transmitting the random access preamble sequence, and the frequency subcarriers used for transmitting the random access preamble sequence are spaced apart from each other by the subcarrier frequency spacing, preferably wherein the subcarrier frequency spacing is an integer fraction of a subcarrier frequency spacing for frequency subcarriers used for transmitting a data channel.
  • the processor determines the length of the random access preamble sequence and/or the subcarrier frequency spacing for the random access preamble sequence based on the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold.
  • the processor generates a first set of random access preamble sequences for performing the random access procedure via the unlicensed cell, and wherein the processor, when selecting selecting the random access preamble sequence for the random access procedure, selects one random access preamble sequence of the generated set.
  • the processor generates a second set of random access preamble sequences for performing the random access procedure via one of at least one licensed cell with which the user equipment is further configured, wherein, when performing a random access procedure via the at least one licensed cell, the processor selects a fourth random access preamble sequence from the second set, and the transmitter transmits the selected fourth random access preamble sequence via the licensed cell to the radio base station occupying a predetermined frequency bandwidth of the licensed cell.
  • a transmission power is configured for transmitting random access preamble sequences via a licensed cell, and the transmission of the random access preamble via the unlicensed cell is performed either:
  • the user equipment further comprises a receiver for receiving an indication from the radio base station indicating which random access preamble sequence to select, and wherein the processor, when selecting the random access preamble sequence for the random access procedure, selects the indicated random access preamble sequence, or
  • the processor performs the selection of the random access preamble sequence for the random access procedure without an indication from the radio base station indicating which random access preamble sequence to select, preferably wherein a set of random access preamble sequences is divided into two subgroups and the processor selects the random access preamble sequence from one of the two subgroups depending on transmission resources necessary for transmitting by the user equipment a subsequent message of the random access procedure to the radio base station.
  • the user equipment further comprising a receiver for receiving from the radio base station a random access response message, including at least an uplink resource assignment, and wherein the transmitter transmits a message to the radio base station, using the assigned uplink resources.
  • the random access response message further includes one or more of:
  • a radio base station for performing a random access procedure with a user equipment in a mobile communication system, wherein the user equipment is configured with at least one unlicensed cell, the random access procedure being performed via the unlicensed cell having an unlicensed cell frequency bandwidth, wherein a minimum frequency bandwidth threshold is defined for transmissions via the unlicensed cell, wherein a frequency bandwidth is determined for the user equipment to transmit the random access preamble sequence via the unlicensed cell, the determined frequency bandwidth being at least the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold, wherein the radio base station comprises: a receiver for receiving the random access preamble sequence, selected by the user equipment for the random access procedure, such that at least a determined frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed cell is occupied, the determined frequency bandwidth being at least the minimum frequency bandwidth threshold.
EP23154478.4A 2015-08-26 2015-08-26 Verbessertes direktzugriffsverfahren für unlizenzierte zellen Pending EP4199635A1 (de)

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JP6654690B2 (ja) 2020-02-26
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US20190313464A1 (en) 2019-10-10
US20210219352A1 (en) 2021-07-15
US10993268B2 (en) 2021-04-27
US10375739B2 (en) 2019-08-06
EP3342238A1 (de) 2018-07-04
US20180255586A1 (en) 2018-09-06
US20230292374A1 (en) 2023-09-14
US11696334B2 (en) 2023-07-04
EP3342238A4 (de) 2019-03-27
WO2017031725A1 (en) 2017-03-02

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