EP4192223A1 - Kit for the treatment of seeds - Google Patents

Kit for the treatment of seeds

Info

Publication number
EP4192223A1
EP4192223A1 EP21759108.0A EP21759108A EP4192223A1 EP 4192223 A1 EP4192223 A1 EP 4192223A1 EP 21759108 A EP21759108 A EP 21759108A EP 4192223 A1 EP4192223 A1 EP 4192223A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seeds
concentration
chosen
imbibition medium
germination
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21759108.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Frédéric CHAUFFOUR
Omae POZZA
Boris COLLET
Julie AUCLAIR
Loïc RAJJOU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut National de Recherche pour lAgriculture lAlimentation et lEnvironnement
Institut des Sciences et Industries du Vivant et de lEnvironnement AgroParisTech
Original Assignee
Institut National de Recherche pour lAgriculture lAlimentation et lEnvironnement
Institut des Sciences et Industries du Vivant et de lEnvironnement AgroParisTech
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institut National de Recherche pour lAgriculture lAlimentation et lEnvironnement, Institut des Sciences et Industries du Vivant et de lEnvironnement AgroParisTech filed Critical Institut National de Recherche pour lAgriculture lAlimentation et lEnvironnement
Publication of EP4192223A1 publication Critical patent/EP4192223A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a seed treatment, and more specifically to a combination of active ingredients for treating seeds before their germination, with a view to conferring on them, as well as on the plants which will result from them, improved properties.
  • pre-germination treatment Treatments of seeds after their harvest and before the start of the germination process, called pre-germination treatment, have proven to be effective in improving germination performance, in particular for seeds to be optimized with a view to their subsequent use or for seeds with germination defects.
  • a seed priming treatment is known, which generally consists in soaking seeds, or seeds, in a controlled manner, in order to initiate the preliminary phase of germination, then in drying the seeds, this dehydration resulting in the blocking of the development process, and this, just before the exit of the radicle which characterizes germination.
  • the seeds are then marketed, this phase involving the storage of the seeds thus treated under very variable conditions, and their germination can resume its cycle as soon as they are sown and rehydrated.
  • priming methods make it possible to significantly increase the speed of germination, to improve the homogeneity of emergence of young seedlings after sowing the seeds thus treated and to increase the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses, such as climatic hazards. . Although inducing a significant increase in germination vigour, which is particularly beneficial in market gardening sectors, they do not make it possible to stimulate the mechanisms of resistance of plants to biotic stresses. In addition, priming has the disadvantage of significantly affecting the life of the seeds thus treated, preventing carryovers of seed batches from one year to another.
  • this medium can be supplemented with various active ingredients to apply chemical, osmotic, hormonal or other type ingredients to the seeds.
  • active ingredients are chosen without limitation from germination activators, in particular nitrate and phosphate salts; osmotic agents such as polyethylene glycol, salts such as sodium and potassium chlorides, polyols; growth regulators; growth hormones; hormone regulators.
  • the imbibition medium can also be exposed to physical treatments such as ultraviolet or gamma radiation or else to plasma treatments.
  • these primings do not have little or no favorable impact on plant resistance to biotic stresses; they also have an unfavorable effect on the lifespan of the seeds. This is an important parameter, a loss of vigor and viability of the seeds during their storage which can lead to the loss of considerable volumes of seeds for marketing.
  • the present invention provides a solution combining the advantages of the priming methods of the prior art and the resolution of the problems encountered with the known methods.
  • the invention provides a kit for preparing an imbibition medium for a seed priming treatment, said kit comprising and being configured for a combined application of at least two different agents, said agents being chosen from: a) one or more germination activators for said seeds, the concentration of the or each of said activators in the imbibition medium being 0.001-10 mM, b) one or more agents capable of providing protection for said seeds and/or plants which are derived therefrom, the concentration in the imbibition medium of the or each of said agents being 0.01-10 mM, and c) one or more regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of said seeds.
  • agents being chosen from: a) one or more germination activators for said seeds, the concentration of the or each of said activators in the imbibition medium being 0.001-10 mM, b) one or more agents capable of providing protection for said seeds and/or plants which are derived therefrom, the concentration in the imbibition medium of the or each of said agents being 0.01-10 mM, and c
  • seed and grain are used to define the stage of development of the plant before germination but also covering the beginnings of germination, and the term “plant” to define any stage of development of a plant commencing with the rupture of the seed coat and the elongation of the radicle.
  • a treatment which acts on the embryo, the albumen and/or on the envelope(s), directly or indirectly, this action being able to have an effect on the seedling and/or the plant that comes from it.
  • Such an action makes it possible to control the physiology of the embryo to promote its growth during the germination and post-germination phases, to weaken the seed coats, to increase the adaptation of the seed and/or that of the plant to vis-à-vis unfavorable physical, chemical and/or biological conditions, such as biotic stress such as aggression by pathogenic organisms, or abiotic stress such as osmotic stress or thermal stress.
  • This treatment comprises comprising at least one step of soaking the seeds and one step of drying said seeds thus treated.
  • This treatment can be carried out by any technique provided that it exerts an effect, direct or indirect, on the embryo, the albumen and/or on the envelope(s).
  • the imbibition of the seeds can be carried out by soaking in a solution for a determined period and environment, or by any other appropriate imbibition technique, the seeds thus soaked then being dried.
  • Such a definition thus excludes a surface treatment of the seeds by coating or filming with a protective agent, this type of treatment not acting on the embryo, nor on the albumen and the envelopes.
  • germination activator or agent a) is meant an agent which will trigger and/or stimulate the germination conditions of a batch of seeds which, in the absence of such an activator, would have germinated less and /or germinated less quickly and heterogeneously; thus, it can act by direct or indirect signaling by promoting the synthesis of molecules necessary for germination and/or promoting the catabolism of molecules that inhibit germination
  • agent capable of ensuring protection of said seeds and/or plants resulting therefrom or agent b) according to the invention is meant an agent which will trigger and/or stimulate the natural defenses of seeds and young plants which, in the absence of such an agent, would not have been activated or activated to a lesser extent; thus, it can promote the adaptation of seeds or plants to a wide spectrum of pathogens or pests.
  • regulator of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of said seeds or agent c) is meant an agent which will trigger and/or stimulate the cellular detoxification mechanisms of seeds or young plants which, in the absence of such a regulator , would not have been activated or less activated; thus, it can promote the conservation of treated seeds and/or the germination of seeds under environmental conditions that are unfavorable for the species.
  • the invention is described below in detail and its implementation variants exposed.
  • the representative molecules may be of different chemical natures, their function as defined above possibly resulting from different biological mechanisms. However, it is important to specify that these functions are known to those skilled in the art and that by using their general knowledge, they are able to choose one or more molecules as agents a), b) and c) , respectively. Molecules representative of each of these agents are given in the description, it being understood that the invention is not restricted thereto. It is effectively the combination of such agents according to the invention which can bring about, in addition to the benefits of the priming, an improvement in the physiological properties of adaptation of the plants resulting from these seeds or of the seeds themselves.
  • the drying step in the context of a treatment according to the invention can be carried out by any means allowing the treated seed to return to substantially the same state of dehydration as before the treatment. Thus, it can be carried out in the absence or under a flow of air or of another inert gas, at ambient temperature or at a temperature compatible with the seed, that is to say not affecting its properties. It is part of the general knowledge of those skilled in the art to determine, depending on the type of seed, the drying conditions, as well as to measure the water or humidity content of a seed, for example by means of a moisture meter. .
  • kit according to the invention it is understood that the agents a), b) and/or c) are each placed in solid or flexible containers, for example of the ampoule or pouch type. They are in liquid or solid form, directly usable in a treatment according to the invention or requiring dilution or solubilization. This the latter is carried out in any solvent compatible with the imbibition of the seeds, water being preferred.
  • a kit of the invention comprises at least two different agents chosen respectively from: a) one or more germination activators of said seeds, the concentration of the or each of said activators in the imbibition medium being 0.001-10 mM, b) one or more agents capable of providing protection for said seeds and/or the plants resulting therefrom, the concentration of the or each of said agents in the imbibition medium being 0.1-10 mM, and c) one or more regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of said seeds.
  • a kit of the invention is in particular dedicated to the treatment of seeds intended to be stored before being sown.
  • it comprises: a) one or more germination activators of said seeds, the concentration of the or each of said activators in the imbibition medium being 0.01-10 mM, and at least one of the two agents b) and c) following: b) one or more agents capable of ensuring protection of the said seeds and/or of the plants resulting therefrom, the concentration of the or each of the said agents in the imbibition medium being 0.1 -10 mM, c) one or more regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of said seeds.
  • it comprises three different agents chosen respectively from germination activators a) in a concentration as indicated above, agents b) in a concentration as indicated above, and regulators c) .
  • the germination activator(s) a) can be chosen from dormancy inhibitors. In particular, they may be abscisic acid catabolism activators and/or hormone activators such as gibberellins. Thus, a germination activator a) can be chosen from stimulators, precursors and donors of nitric oxide production, such as arginine, citrulline, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), as well as mixtures thereof.
  • stimulators, precursors and donors of nitric oxide production such as arginine, citrulline, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), as well as mixtures thereof.
  • a kit of the invention comprises one or more germination activators a) chosen from nitrates, nitrites, arginine, citrulline, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), phosphates, sulfates, ethylene, ethylene precursors, ammonium salts, allantoin, and mixtures thereof.
  • germination activators a) chosen from nitrates, nitrites, arginine, citrulline, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), phosphates, sulfates, ethylene, ethylene precursors, ammonium salts, allantoin, and mixtures thereof.
  • Nitrates, nitrites, phosphates and sulfates, and any mixture thereof may each be present in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1 to 10 mM, alone or in combination.
  • the agent or agents a) are chosen from potassium nitrate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, calcium nitrate at a concentration in the medium of imbibition of 0.1-10 mM, magnesium sulfate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, monobasic potassium phosphate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, potassium hydrogen phosphate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, gibberellic acid at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.01-1 mM and sodium nitroprusside at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.01-1 mM.
  • the agent(s) capable of providing protection for said seeds and/or the plants resulting from them b) may be chosen from stimulators of the natural defenses of seeds and stimulators of the natural defenses of plants resulting from said seeds, in response to a biotic stress and/or abiotic stress.
  • Preferred agents b) are selected from molecules of the salicylates family, such as salicylic acid at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.05-3 mM, derivatives of salicylic acid, in particular esters, and acibenzolar-S-methyl.
  • Preferred salicylic acid derivatives are sulfosalicylic acid and methyl salicylate when present in the imbibition medium at a concentration of 0.1-5 mM.
  • the regulator or regulators of cellular oxidative mechanisms c) can be chosen from osmoprotectors and antioxidants.
  • Preferred osmoprotectants are chosen from proline present in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-30 mM, trehalose, aminobutyric acid, reducing sugars, as well as mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred antioxidants are selected from ascorbic acid and its salts, such as its alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.05-150 mM, glutathione reduced to a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.01-5 mM, tocopherols in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.05-30 mM and tocopherol acetate in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0 .05-30 mM.
  • ascorbic acid and its salts such as its alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts
  • the invention further relates to a seed treatment method comprising the following steps: the seeds are soaked in an imbibition medium obtainable from a kit as defined above and in particular in any of its variants, until saturation, then the seeds thus soaked are dehydrated.
  • the imbibition phase corresponds to absorption of the imbibition medium by the seed.
  • the amount of water or medium that a seed must absorb during this imbibition phase is a concept well known to those skilled in the art and depends on the seed. Generally, it is preferred that the seed absorb at least 75% by weight of the amount of water or imbibition medium required by the seed to enter the germination stage (Phase II of the germination process).
  • the invention also relates to the use of a kit as defined above, to carry out a seed priming treatment.
  • a seed priming treatment These are generally intended to be stored before being sown, but of course they can be used directly after a priming treatment according to the invention.
  • This comprises at least one step of soaking the seeds with at least one aqueous solution of the agents a), b) and/or c) defined in the kit and is followed by a step of drying or dehydration.
  • This imbibition can be carried out by any means and in particular by impregnation or spraying with one or more liquid solutions of said agents a), b) and/or c).
  • dried seeds are obtained which have undergone a priming treatment which can be stored for several months, and which have remarkable germination properties.
  • kits of the invention also lies in the fact that it is effective on most seeds and in particular the seeds of cultivated or cultivable plant species.
  • vegetable seeds, aromatic seeds, floral seeds and field seeds can be treated with the prospect of activating germination but also of strengthening the unborn plant, in particular with regard to biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • FIG. 1 represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of untreated and treated tomato seeds according to the invention in Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 represents a comparison of the kinetics of germination of untreated and treated mint seeds according to the invention in Example 2.
  • FIG. 3 represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of untreated and treated tomato seeds according to the invention in Example 3.
  • FIG. 4 represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of lettuce seeds that are untreated and treated according to a treatment outside the invention illustrated in example 4, by way of comparison.
  • FIG. 5 represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of untreated and treated lettuce seeds according to the invention in Example 5.
  • FIG. 6 represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of untreated and treated lettuce seeds according to the invention in Example 6.
  • FIG. 7 represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of tomato seeds treated according to the invention in Example 7 and treated by a treatment outside the invention (hydro-priming) for comparison, after 18 months of storage.
  • FIG. 8 represents a comparison of the germination capacity of seeds 7 days after the germination of lettuce seeds treated according to the invention in Example 8 and treated by a treatment outside the invention (hydro-priming) for comparison, after a controlled deterioration treatment.
  • KNO3 potassium nitrate
  • Ca(NOs)2 calcium nitrate
  • MgSO4 magnesium sulphate
  • KH2PO4 monobasic potassium phosphate
  • K2HPO4 potassium hydrogen phosphate
  • Each example 1-6 illustrates the implementation of a kit according to the invention in a seed priming treatment comprising imbibition and drying, then the germination of the seeds thus treated, and the comparison with seeds not processed.
  • Example 7 illustrates the implementation of a kit according to the invention in a seed priming treatment comprising imbibition and drying, their storage for a period of 18 months and then the germination of the seeds as well treated, and the comparison with seeds treated by hydro-priming (excluding invention) in an imbibition medium consisting only of water and having undergone the same storage conditions.
  • Example 8 illustrates the implementation of a kit according to the invention in a seed priming treatment comprising imbibition and drying, their controlled deterioration to assess their storage performance and then the germination of the seeds thus treated, and the comparison in seeds treated by hydro-priming (outside the invention) in an imbibition medium consisting only of water and having undergone the same conditions of controlled deterioration.
  • the general treatment protocol followed in the examples consists in preparing the imbibition medium by dissolving the agents a), b) and/or c) of a kit of the invention in water and allowing the seeds for a period of 4h to 336h at temperatures between 4 and 50°C.
  • the seeds are then dried under a constant air flow for a period of 2h to 96h in temperatures between 4 and 50°C and a relative humidity between 15% and 90%.
  • the germination protocol for the seeds, whether treated or not, is the same for all the examples. 100 seeds are germinated on a filter paper of the AnchorBlue type (10 ⁇ 16 cm) soaked to saturation with reverse osmosis water. Germination tests are conducted for each condition with 4 replicates, representing at least 400 seeds tested per condition. The germination rate is determined by the ratio of the number of germinated seeds to the number of total seeds.
  • This step is carried out with an aqueous solution comprising at least two of the agents a), b) and c) as specified in each of the examples.
  • the duration of the treatment is greater than 4 hours; for tomatoes, it is generally 104 hours.
  • the temperature is maintained between 2°C and 40°C.
  • the seeds After soaking in the aqueous solution, the seeds are rinsed with water and then dried under a stream of air at ambient temperature for 3 days.
  • the seeds thus dried are stored, before/after treatment, at a temperature below 10°C.
  • the protocol for the controlled deterioration of seeds treated according to a process of the invention or treated by hydro-priming is composed of three phases and is carried out on re-dried treated seeds.
  • the first phase called the equilibration phase, consists in putting the treated seeds dry at a temperature of 20°C and a relative humidity of 76% for 3 days.
  • the second phase called the deterioration phase, consists of transferring the seeds that have undergone the first phase to a temperature of 40°C and a relative humidity of 76% for 0, 2, 3 or 6 days.
  • the third phase called the rebalancing phase, consists of transferring the seeds that have undergone the second phase to a temperature of 20°C and a relative humidity of 32% for 3 days.
  • the resulting seeds are stored at a temperature of 10°C and then germinated.
  • the seeds annotated “tO” correspond to seeds having only undergone the equilibration and re-equilibration phase of the controlled deterioration protocol.
  • the seeds annotated “t2”, “t3” and “t6” correspond to seeds having undergone respectively 2, 3 and 6 days of deterioration phase.
  • Example 1 Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of tomato seeds, comprising agents a) and c)
  • the imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activating agents a) 0.5-5 mM KNO3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0.1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0.1- 5 mM KH2PO4, and the following cellular oxidative metabolism regulators c) 1-50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH + 1-20 mM Pro.
  • the seeds thus pretreated and untreated seeds are germinated according to the protocol described above carried out at 25° C. in continuous light.
  • Example 2 Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of mint seeds, comprising agents a) and c)
  • the imbibition medium is a solution of the following germination activating agents a) 0.5-5 mM KNO3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0.1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0.1-5 mM KH2PO4 + 0 0.05-0.5 mM GA4 + 0.05-0.5 mM SNP, and the next regulator of cellular oxidative metabolisms, 1-20 mM Pro.
  • the seeds thus pretreated and untreated seeds are germinated according to the protocol described above conducted at 25° C. in the dark.
  • Example 3 Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of tomato seeds, comprising agents a), b) and c)
  • the imbibition medium is a solution of the following germination-activating agents a), 0.5-5 mM KNO 3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO 4 + 0.1-5 mM NH 4 SO 4 + 0.1 -5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , of the agent capable of ensuring protection of the seeds or of the plants resulting therefrom b) according to 0.1-5 mM SA, and of the regulators of cellular oxidative metabolisms c) according to 1-50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH + 1-20 mM Pro.
  • Example 4 Use of a kit for a priming treatment of lettuce seeds, comprising agents a)
  • the imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activators a) 0.5-5 mM KNO 3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO 4 + 0.1-5 mM NH 4 SO 4 + 0.1-5 mM KH 2 PO 4 .
  • Example 5 Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of lettuce seeds, comprising agents a) and b)
  • the imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activators a) 0.5-5 mM KNO 3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO 4 + 0.1-5 mM NH 4 SO 4 + 0.1- 5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , and of the agent capable of ensuring protection of the seeds or of the plants resulting therefrom b), 0.1-5 mM SA.
  • Example 6 Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of lettuce seeds, comprising agents a) and c)
  • the imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activators a) 0.5-5 mM KNO 3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO 4 + 0.1-5 mM NH 4 SO 4 + 0.1- 5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , and regulators of cellular oxidative mechanisms c) following 1- 50 mM ASA+ 1-5 mM GSH.
  • Example 7 Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of tomato seeds, comprising agents a) and c)
  • the imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activators a) 0.5-5 mM KNO3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0.1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0.1- 5 mM KH2PO4, and regulators of the following cellular oxidative mechanisms c) 1-50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH + 1-20 mM Pro.
  • Example 8 Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of lettuce seeds, comprising agents a), b) and c)
  • the imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activators a) 0.5-5 mM KNO3 + 0.5-5 mM Ca(NOs)2 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0.1- 5 mM NH4SO4 + 0.1-5 mM KH2PO4, of the agent capable of ensuring protection of the seeds or of the plants resulting therefrom b) according to 0.1-5 mM SA, and of the regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms c) following 1-50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH.
  • the germinative capacities 7 days after the germination of lettuce seeds treated by hydro-priming (grey) and treated by smart priming according to the invention (black) is represented in FIG. 8.
  • the germinative capacities correspond to those of seeds treated by hydro-priming and treated by smart priming according to the invention and having undergone a controlled deterioration protocol.
  • the results present the germination capacities of seeds deteriorated for 0 days (tO), 2 days (t2), 3 days (t3) or 6 days (t6).

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Abstract

The invention relates to a kit for preparing a soaking medium in a seed priming treatment, comprising and configured for a combined application of at least two different agents, the agents being chosen from: a) one or more germination activators of the seeds, the concentration of the or each activator in the soaking medium being 0.01-10 mM; b) one or more agents capable of ensuring protection of the seeds and/or the plants originating from said seeds, the concentration in the soaking medium of the or each of the agents being 0.01-10 mM; and c) one or more regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of the seeds.

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
TITRE : KIT POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE SEMENCES TITLE: SEED TREATMENT KIT
L'invention concerne un traitement de semences, et plus précisément une combinaison d'ingrédients actifs pour traiter des semences avant leur germination, en vue de leur conférer, ainsi qu'aux plantes qui en seront issues, des propriétés améliorées. The invention relates to a seed treatment, and more specifically to a combination of active ingredients for treating seeds before their germination, with a view to conferring on them, as well as on the plants which will result from them, improved properties.
Les traitements des semences postérieurement à leur récolte et avant l'enclenchement du processus de germination, appelés traitement de prégermination , se sont avérés efficaces pour améliorer les performances de germination, notamment pour des semences devant être optimisées en vue de leur utilisation ultérieure ou pour des semences présentant des défauts de germination. Parmi les traitements de prégermination, on connaît un traitement d'amorçage ou seed priming qui consiste généralement à imbiber de manière contrôlée des semences, ou graines, sèches, afin d'amorcer la phase préliminaire de germination, puis à sécher les graines, cette déshydratation entraînant le blocage du processus de développement, et ce, juste avant la sortie de la radicule qui caractérise la germination. Les graines sont ensuite commercialisées, cette phase impliquant le stockage des graines ainsi traitées dans des conditions très variables, et leur germination peut reprendre son cycle dès leur semis et leur réhydratation. Treatments of seeds after their harvest and before the start of the germination process, called pre-germination treatment, have proven to be effective in improving germination performance, in particular for seeds to be optimized with a view to their subsequent use or for seeds with germination defects. Among the pre-germination treatments, a seed priming treatment is known, which generally consists in soaking seeds, or seeds, in a controlled manner, in order to initiate the preliminary phase of germination, then in drying the seeds, this dehydration resulting in the blocking of the development process, and this, just before the exit of the radicle which characterizes germination. The seeds are then marketed, this phase involving the storage of the seeds thus treated under very variable conditions, and their germination can resume its cycle as soon as they are sown and rehydrated.
Les méthodes d'amorçage connues permettent d'augmenter significativement la vitesse de germination, d'améliorer l'homogénéité de levée des jeunes plantules après semis des graines ainsi traitées et d'accroître la tolérance des plantes aux stress abiotiques, tels que les aléas climatiques. Bien qu'induisant une augmentation importante de la vigueur germinative, bénéfique notamment dans les filières maraîchères, elles ne permettent pas de stimuler les mécanismes de résistance des plantes aux stress biotiques. En outre, le priming présente l'inconvénient d'affecter sensiblement la durée de vie des semences ainsi traitées, empêchant les reports de lots de semences d'une année sur l'autre. Known priming methods make it possible to significantly increase the speed of germination, to improve the homogeneity of emergence of young seedlings after sowing the seeds thus treated and to increase the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses, such as climatic hazards. . Although inducing a significant increase in germination vigour, which is particularly beneficial in market gardening sectors, they do not make it possible to stimulate the mechanisms of resistance of plants to biotic stresses. In addition, priming has the disadvantage of significantly affecting the life of the seeds thus treated, preventing carryovers of seed batches from one year to another.
Le document M. Farooq et al. Crop & Pasture Science, 2019, 70, 731-771 est une revue des différents primings connus. Ceux-ci comprennent au moins le fait d'imbiber des graines pour déclencher les mécanismes métaboliques impliqués dans la prégermination, puis, avant la germination c'est-à-dire avant la percée de la radicule, le séchage des graines ainsi activées. Même si le seul traitement consistant à imbiber les graines dans de l'eau puis à les déshydrater ensuite, aussi appelé hydropriming, présente une certaine efficacité sur la germination, la nature du milieu dans lequel les graines sont humidifiées est le champ de la plupart des études réalisées sur ce sujet en vue d'augmenter l'efficience d'un tel traitement. Ainsi, ce milieu peut être complémenté en divers ingrédients actifs pour appliquer aux graines des ingrédients de type chimique, osmotique, hormonal ou autre. Ces ingrédients sont choisis sans limitation parmi les activateurs de germination, notamment les sels de nitrate, de phosphate ; les agents osmotiques tels que le polyéthylèneglycol, des sels tels que les chlorures de sodium et de potassium, des polyols ; les régulateurs de croissance ; les hormones de croissance ; les régulateurs hormonaux. Le milieu d'imbibition peut aussi être exposé à des traitements physiques comme des rayonnements ultraviolets, gamma ou encore à des traitements par plasma. S'ils permettent effectivement d'accélérer la germination des graines après semis par rapport à des graines non traitées et d'influer sur les propriétés physiologiques d'adaptation des plantes issues de ces graines à l'égard de stress abiotiques, ces primings n'ont pas ou peu d'impact favorable sur la résistance des plantes à l'égard de stress biotiques ; ils ont en outre une action défavorable sur la durée de vie des graines. C'est un paramètre important, une perte de vigueur et de viabilité des semences pendant leur stockage pouvant entrainer la perte de volumes considérables de semences pour la commercialisation. The document M. Farooq et al. Crop & Pasture Science, 2019, 70, 731-771 is a review of the various known primings. These include at least the fact of soaking seeds to trigger the metabolic mechanisms involved in pregermination, then, before germination, that is to say before the breakthrough of the radicle, the drying of the seeds thus activated. Even if the only treatment consisting of soaking the seeds in water and then dehydrating them, also called hydropriming, has a certain effectiveness on germination, the nature of the environment in which the seeds are moistened is the field of most of the studies carried out on this subject in order to increase the efficiency of such a treatment. Thus, this medium can be supplemented with various active ingredients to apply chemical, osmotic, hormonal or other type ingredients to the seeds. These ingredients are chosen without limitation from germination activators, in particular nitrate and phosphate salts; osmotic agents such as polyethylene glycol, salts such as sodium and potassium chlorides, polyols; growth regulators; growth hormones; hormone regulators. The imbibition medium can also be exposed to physical treatments such as ultraviolet or gamma radiation or else to plasma treatments. If they effectively make it possible to accelerate the germination of seeds after sowing compared to untreated seeds and to influence the physiological properties of adaptation of the plants resulting from these seeds with regard to abiotic stresses, these primings do not have little or no favorable impact on plant resistance to biotic stresses; they also have an unfavorable effect on the lifespan of the seeds. This is an important parameter, a loss of vigor and viability of the seeds during their storage which can lead to the loss of considerable volumes of seeds for marketing.
La présente invention fournit une solution cumulant les avantages des méthodes de priming de l'art antérieur et la résolution des problèmes rencontrés avec les méthodes connues. The present invention provides a solution combining the advantages of the priming methods of the prior art and the resolution of the problems encountered with the known methods.
Il a été découvert qu'une combinaison d'au moins deux ingrédients actifs agissant respectivement sur des mécanismes déterminés dans le développement de la plante depuis sa naissance à l'état de graine jusqu'à sa croissance maximale, administrée à des semences dans le cadre d'un traitement d'amorçage permet de répondre aux exigences ci-dessus. It has been discovered that a combination of at least two active ingredients acting respectively on determined mechanisms in the development of the plant from its birth in the seed state to its maximum growth, administered to seeds within the framework of a priming treatment makes it possible to meet the above requirements.
Ainsi, l'invention apporte un kit pour préparer un milieu d'imbibition pour un traitement d'amorçage de semences, ledit kit comprenant et étant configuré pour une application combinée d'au moins deux agents différents, lesdits agents étant choisis parmi : a) un ou plusieurs activateurs de germination desdites semences, la concentration du ou de chacun desdits activateurs dans le milieu d'imbibition étant de 0,001-10 mM, b) un ou plusieurs agents capables d'assurer une protection desdites semences et/ou des plantes qui en sont issues, la concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition du ou de chacun desdits agents étant de 0,01-10 mM, et c) un ou plusieurs régulateurs des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires desdites semences. Thus, the invention provides a kit for preparing an imbibition medium for a seed priming treatment, said kit comprising and being configured for a combined application of at least two different agents, said agents being chosen from: a) one or more germination activators for said seeds, the concentration of the or each of said activators in the imbibition medium being 0.001-10 mM, b) one or more agents capable of providing protection for said seeds and/or plants which are derived therefrom, the concentration in the imbibition medium of the or each of said agents being 0.01-10 mM, and c) one or more regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of said seeds.
Avant d'exposer l'invention plus en détails et d'en présenter les variantes, la définition de certains termes utilisés dans le présent texte est donnée ci-après. Before exposing the invention in more detail and presenting the variants thereof, the definition of certain terms used in the present text is given below.
Dans le présent texte, on utilise les termes « semence » et « graine » pour définir le stade de développement de la plante avant germination mais couvrant aussi les prémices de la germination, et le terme « plante » pour définir tout stade de développement d'une plante à compter de la rupture des téguments et l'allongement de la radicule. In this text, the terms "seed" and "grain" are used to define the stage of development of the plant before germination but also covering the beginnings of germination, and the term "plant" to define any stage of development of a plant commencing with the rupture of the seed coat and the elongation of the radicle.
Par traitement d'amorçage, on comprend selon l'invention un traitement qui agit sur l'embryon, l'albumen et/ou sur la ou les enveloppes, directement ou indirectement, cette action pouvant avoir un effet sur la plantule et/ou la plante qui en est issue. Une telle action permet de contrôler la physiologie de l'embryon pour favoriser sa croissance lors des phases de germination et post-germinatives, de fragiliser les téguments, d'augmenter l'adaptation de la semence et/ou celle de la plante vis-à-vis de conditions physiques, chimiques et/ou biologiques défavorables, telles qu'un stress biotique comme une agression par des organismes pathogènes, ou un stress abiotique comme un stress osmotique ou un stress thermique. Ce traitement comprend comprenant au moins une étape d'imbibition des graines et une étape de séchage desdites graines ainsi traitées. By priming treatment, one understands according to the invention a treatment which acts on the embryo, the albumen and/or on the envelope(s), directly or indirectly, this action being able to have an effect on the seedling and/or the plant that comes from it. Such an action makes it possible to control the physiology of the embryo to promote its growth during the germination and post-germination phases, to weaken the seed coats, to increase the adaptation of the seed and/or that of the plant to vis-à-vis unfavorable physical, chemical and/or biological conditions, such as biotic stress such as aggression by pathogenic organisms, or abiotic stress such as osmotic stress or thermal stress. This treatment comprises comprising at least one step of soaking the seeds and one step of drying said seeds thus treated.
Ce traitement peut être conduit par toute technique dès lors qu'il exerce un effet, direct ou indirect, sur l'embryon, l'albumen et/ou sur la ou les enveloppes. L'imbibition des semences peut être effectuée par trempage dans une solution durant une période et un environnement déterminés, ou par toute autre technique d'imbibition appropriée, les semences ainsi imbibées étant ensuite séchées. This treatment can be carried out by any technique provided that it exerts an effect, direct or indirect, on the embryo, the albumen and/or on the envelope(s). The imbibition of the seeds can be carried out by soaking in a solution for a determined period and environment, or by any other appropriate imbibition technique, the seeds thus soaked then being dried.
Une telle définition exclut ainsi un traitement de surface des semences par enrobage ou pellicu lage avec un agent de protection, ce type de traitement n'agissant pas sur l'embryon, ni sur l'albumen et les enveloppes. Such a definition thus excludes a surface treatment of the seeds by coating or filming with a protective agent, this type of treatment not acting on the embryo, nor on the albumen and the envelopes.
Par activateur de germination ou agent a) selon la présente invention, on entend un agent qui va déclencher et/ou stimuler les conditions de germination d'un lot de semences qui, en l'absence d'un tel activateur, aurait moins germé et/ou germé moins vite et de manière hétérogène ; ainsi, il peut agir par signalisation directe ou indirecte en favorisant la synthèse des molécules nécessaires à la germination et/ou favoriser le catabolisme de molécules inhibant la germination By germination activator or agent a) according to the present invention is meant an agent which will trigger and/or stimulate the germination conditions of a batch of seeds which, in the absence of such an activator, would have germinated less and /or germinated less quickly and heterogeneously; thus, it can act by direct or indirect signaling by promoting the synthesis of molecules necessary for germination and/or promoting the catabolism of molecules that inhibit germination
Par agent capable d'assurer une protection desdites semences et/ou des plantes qui en sont issues ou agent b) selon l'invention, on entend un agent qui va déclencher et/ou stimuler les défenses naturelles des semences et des jeunes plantes qui, en l'absence d'un tel agent, n'auraient pas été activées ou activées de manière moins importante ; ainsi, il peut favoriser l'adaptation des semences ou des plants à un large spectre d'agents pathogènes ou ravageurs. By agent capable of ensuring protection of said seeds and/or plants resulting therefrom or agent b) according to the invention, is meant an agent which will trigger and/or stimulate the natural defenses of seeds and young plants which, in the absence of such an agent, would not have been activated or activated to a lesser extent; thus, it can promote the adaptation of seeds or plants to a wide spectrum of pathogens or pests.
Par régulateur des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires desdites semences ou agent c) selon l'invention, on entend un agent qui va déclencher et/ou stimuler les mécanismes de détoxification cellulaire des semences ou des jeunes plantes qui, en l'absence d'un tel régulateur, n'auraient pas été activés ou activés de manière moins importante ; ainsi, il peut favoriser la conservation des semences traitées et/ou la germination des semences dans des conditions environnementales défavorables pour l'espèce. L'invention est ci-après décrite en détail et ses variantes de mise en œuvre exposées. By regulator of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of said seeds or agent c) according to the invention is meant an agent which will trigger and/or stimulate the cellular detoxification mechanisms of seeds or young plants which, in the absence of such a regulator , would not have been activated or less activated; thus, it can promote the conservation of treated seeds and/or the germination of seeds under environmental conditions that are unfavorable for the species. The invention is described below in detail and its implementation variants exposed.
Au sein de chaque groupe d'agents, respectivement a), b) et c) ci-dessus, les molécules représentatives peuvent être de natures chimiques différentes, leur fonction telle que définie ci-dessus pouvant résulter de mécanismes biologiques différents. Il est toutefois important de préciser que ces fonctions sont connues de l'homme du métier et qu'en recourant à ses connaissances générales, il est à même de choisir une ou des molécules en tant qu'agents a), b) et c), respectivement. Des molécules représentatives de chacun de ces agents sont données dans la description, étant entendu que l'invention n'y est pas restreinte. C'est effectivement la combinaison de tels agents selon l'invention qui peut entrainer, en plus des bénéfices du priming, une amélioration des propriétés physiologiques d'adaptation des plantes issues de ces graines ou des graines elles-mêmes. Within each group of agents, respectively a), b) and c) above, the representative molecules may be of different chemical natures, their function as defined above possibly resulting from different biological mechanisms. However, it is important to specify that these functions are known to those skilled in the art and that by using their general knowledge, they are able to choose one or more molecules as agents a), b) and c) , respectively. Molecules representative of each of these agents are given in the description, it being understood that the invention is not restricted thereto. It is effectively the combination of such agents according to the invention which can bring about, in addition to the benefits of the priming, an improvement in the physiological properties of adaptation of the plants resulting from these seeds or of the seeds themselves.
L'étape de séchage dans le cadre d'un traitement selon l'invention, peut être conduite par tout moyen permettant à la graine traitée de revenir sensiblement au même état de déshydratation qu'avant le traitement. Ainsi, elle peut être effectuée en absence ou sous flux d'air ou d'un autre gaz inerte, à température ambiante ou à une température compatible avec la graine, c'est-à-dire n'affectant pas ses propriétés. Il appartient aux connaissances générales de l'homme du métier de déterminer, en fonction du type de semence, les conditions de séchage, ainsi que de mesurer la teneur en eau ou en humidité d'une semence, par exemple au moyen d'un humidimètre. The drying step in the context of a treatment according to the invention can be carried out by any means allowing the treated seed to return to substantially the same state of dehydration as before the treatment. Thus, it can be carried out in the absence or under a flow of air or of another inert gas, at ambient temperature or at a temperature compatible with the seed, that is to say not affecting its properties. It is part of the general knowledge of those skilled in the art to determine, depending on the type of seed, the drying conditions, as well as to measure the water or humidity content of a seed, for example by means of a moisture meter. .
Par kit selon l'invention, on comprend que les agents a), b) et/ou c) sont placés, chacun, dans des conteneurs solides ou souples, par exemple de type ampoule, pochette. Ils se présentent sous une forme liquide ou solide, directement utilisable dans un traitement selon l'invention ou nécessitant une dilution ou une solubilisation. Cette dernière est réalisée dans tout solvant compatible avec l'imbibition des semences, l'eau étant préférée. By kit according to the invention, it is understood that the agents a), b) and/or c) are each placed in solid or flexible containers, for example of the ampoule or pouch type. They are in liquid or solid form, directly usable in a treatment according to the invention or requiring dilution or solubilization. This the latter is carried out in any solvent compatible with the imbibition of the seeds, water being preferred.
Comme dit précédemment, un kit de l'invention comprend au moins deux agents différents choisis respectivement parmi : a) un ou plusieurs activateurs de germination desdites semences, la concentration du ou de chacun desdits activateurs dans le milieu d'imbibition étant de 0,001-10 mM, b) un ou plusieurs agents capables d'assurer une protection desdites semences et/ou des plantes qui en sont issues, la concentration du ou de chacun desdits agents dans le milieu d'imbibition étant de 0,1-10 mM, et c) un ou plusieurs régulateurs des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires desdites semences. As said above, a kit of the invention comprises at least two different agents chosen respectively from: a) one or more germination activators of said seeds, the concentration of the or each of said activators in the imbibition medium being 0.001-10 mM, b) one or more agents capable of providing protection for said seeds and/or the plants resulting therefrom, the concentration of the or each of said agents in the imbibition medium being 0.1-10 mM, and c) one or more regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of said seeds.
Un kit de l'invention est en particulier dédié au traitement de semences destinées à être stockées avant d'être semées. A kit of the invention is in particular dedicated to the treatment of seeds intended to be stored before being sown.
Selon une variante, il comprend : a) un ou plusieurs activateurs de germination desdites semences, la concentration du ou de chacun desdits activateurs dans le milieu d'imbibition étant de 0,01-10 mM, et au moins l'un des deux agent b) et c) suivants : b) un ou plusieurs agents capables d'assurer une protection desdites semences et/ou des plantes qui en sont issues, la concentration du ou de chacun desdits agents dans le milieu d'imbibition étant de 0,1-10 mM, c) un ou plusieurs régulateurs des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires desdites semences. According to a variant, it comprises: a) one or more germination activators of said seeds, the concentration of the or each of said activators in the imbibition medium being 0.01-10 mM, and at least one of the two agents b) and c) following: b) one or more agents capable of ensuring protection of the said seeds and/or of the plants resulting therefrom, the concentration of the or each of the said agents in the imbibition medium being 0.1 -10 mM, c) one or more regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of said seeds.
Selon une autre variante, il comprend trois agents différents choisis respectivement parmi les activateurs de germination a) dans une concentration telle qu'indiquée ci-dessus, les agents b) dans une concentration telle qu'indiquée ci-dessus, et les régulateurs c). According to another variant, it comprises three different agents chosen respectively from germination activators a) in a concentration as indicated above, agents b) in a concentration as indicated above, and regulators c) .
Le ou les activateurs de germination a) peuvent être choisis parmi les inhibiteurs de dormance. En particulier, il peut s'agir d'activateurs du catabolisme de l'acide abscissique et/ou des activateurs d'hormones telles que les gibbérellines. Ainsi, un activateur de germination a) peut être choisi parmi les stimulateurs, les précurseurs et les donneurs de la production de monoxyde d'azote, comme l'arginine, la citrulline, le nitroprussiate de sodium (SNP) et le S-nitrosoglutathion (GSNO), ainsi que leurs mélanges. The germination activator(s) a) can be chosen from dormancy inhibitors. In particular, they may be abscisic acid catabolism activators and/or hormone activators such as gibberellins. Thus, a germination activator a) can be chosen from stimulators, precursors and donors of nitric oxide production, such as arginine, citrulline, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitrosoglutathione ( GSNO), as well as mixtures thereof.
Avantageusement, un kit de l'invention comprend un ou plusieurs activateurs de germination a) choisis parmi les nitrates, les nitrites, l'arginine, la citrulline, le nitroprussiate de sodium (SNP), le S-nitrosoglutathion (GSNO), les phosphates, les sulfates, l'éthylène, les précurseurs de l'éthylène, les sels d'ammonium, l'allantoïne, ainsi que leurs mélanges. Les nitrates, les nitrites, les phosphates et les sulfates, et tout mélange de ceux-ci, peuvent être présents chacun en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1 à 10 mM, seuls ou en combinaison. Advantageously, a kit of the invention comprises one or more germination activators a) chosen from nitrates, nitrites, arginine, citrulline, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), phosphates, sulfates, ethylene, ethylene precursors, ammonium salts, allantoin, and mixtures thereof. Nitrates, nitrites, phosphates and sulfates, and any mixture thereof, may each be present in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1 to 10 mM, alone or in combination.
Selon un mode de l'invention, le ou les agents a) sont choisis parmi le nitrate de potassium à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1-10 mM, le nitrate de calcium à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1-10 mM, le sulfate de magnésium à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1-10 mM, le phosphate de potassium monobasique à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1- 10 mM, l'hydrogénophosphate de potassium à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1-10 mM, l'acide gibbérellique à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,01-lmM et le nitroprussiate de sodium à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,01-1 mM. According to one mode of the invention, the agent or agents a) are chosen from potassium nitrate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, calcium nitrate at a concentration in the medium of imbibition of 0.1-10 mM, magnesium sulfate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, monobasic potassium phosphate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, potassium hydrogen phosphate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, gibberellic acid at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.01-1 mM and sodium nitroprusside at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.01-1 mM.
Le ou les agents capables d'assurer une protection desdites semences et/ou des plantes qui en sont issues b) peuvent être choisis parmi les stimulateurs des défenses naturelles des semences et les stimulateurs des défenses naturelles des plantes issues desdites semences, en réponse à un stress biotique et/ou un stress abiotique. The agent(s) capable of providing protection for said seeds and/or the plants resulting from them b) may be chosen from stimulators of the natural defenses of seeds and stimulators of the natural defenses of plants resulting from said seeds, in response to a biotic stress and/or abiotic stress.
Des agents b) préférés sont sélectionnés parmi les molécules de la famille des salicylates, tel que l'acide salicylique à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,05-3 mM, les dérivés de l'acide salicylique, notamment esters, et l'acibenzolar-S- méthyl. Les dérivés de l'acide salicylique préférés sont l'acide sulfosalicylique et le salicylate de méthyle quand ils sont présents dans le milieu d'imbibition en une concentration de de 0,1-5 mM. Preferred agents b) are selected from molecules of the salicylates family, such as salicylic acid at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.05-3 mM, derivatives of salicylic acid, in particular esters, and acibenzolar-S-methyl. Preferred salicylic acid derivatives are sulfosalicylic acid and methyl salicylate when present in the imbibition medium at a concentration of 0.1-5 mM.
Le ou les régulateurs des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires c) peuvent être choisis parmi les osmoprotecteurs et les antioxydants. Des osmoprotecteurs préférés sont choisis parmi la proline présente en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1-30 mM, le tréhalose, l'acide aminobutyrique, les sucres réducteurs, ainsi que leurs mélanges. Les antioxydants préférés sont choisis parmi l'acide ascorbique et ses sels, tels que ses sels de métal alcalin et de métal alcalino-terreux, en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,05-150 mM, le glutathion réduit en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,01-5 mM, les tocophérols en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,05-30 mM et l'acétate de tocophérol en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,05-30 mM. The regulator or regulators of cellular oxidative mechanisms c) can be chosen from osmoprotectors and antioxidants. Preferred osmoprotectants are chosen from proline present in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-30 mM, trehalose, aminobutyric acid, reducing sugars, as well as mixtures thereof. Preferred antioxidants are selected from ascorbic acid and its salts, such as its alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.05-150 mM, glutathione reduced to a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.01-5 mM, tocopherols in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.05-30 mM and tocopherol acetate in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0 .05-30 mM.
L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de traitement de semences comprenant les étapes suivantes : on imbibe les semences dans un milieu d'imbibition susceptible d'être obtenu à partir d'un kit tel que précédemment défini et notamment dans l'une quelconque de ses variantes, jusqu'à saturation, puis on déshydrate les semences ainsi imbibées. The invention further relates to a seed treatment method comprising the following steps: the seeds are soaked in an imbibition medium obtainable from a kit as defined above and in particular in any of its variants, until saturation, then the seeds thus soaked are dehydrated.
La phase d'imbibition correspond à une absorption du milieu d'imbibition par la semence. La quantité d'eau ou de milieu qu'une graine doit absorber pendant cette phase d'imbibition est une notion bien connue de l'homme du métier et dépend de la semence. Généralement, il est préférable que la graine absorbe au moins 75% en poids de la quantité d'eau ou du milieu d'imbibition requise par la graine pour entrer dans la phase de germination (phase II du processus de germination). The imbibition phase corresponds to absorption of the imbibition medium by the seed. The amount of water or medium that a seed must absorb during this imbibition phase is a concept well known to those skilled in the art and depends on the seed. Generally, it is preferred that the seed absorb at least 75% by weight of the amount of water or imbibition medium required by the seed to enter the germination stage (Phase II of the germination process).
L'invention porte aussi sur l'utilisation d'un kit tel que défini ci-dessus, pour réaliser un traitement d'amorçage de semences. Celles-ci sont généralement destinées à être stockées avant d'être semées, mais bien entendu, elles peuvent être utilisées directement après un traitement d'amorçage selon l'invention. Celui-ci comprend au moins une étape d'imbibition des semences par au moins une solution aqueuse des agents a), b) et/ou c) définis dans le kit et est suivi d'une étape de séchage ou déshydratation. Cette imbibition peut être réalisée par tout moyen et notamment par imprégnation ou pulvérisation par une ou des solutions liquides desdits agents a), b) et/ou c). A l'issue du séchage, on obtient des graines séchées ayant subi un traitement d'amorçage qui peuvent être stockées pendant plusieurs mois, et qui présentent des propriétés remarquables de germination. The invention also relates to the use of a kit as defined above, to carry out a seed priming treatment. These are generally intended to be stored before being sown, but of course they can be used directly after a priming treatment according to the invention. This comprises at least one step of soaking the seeds with at least one aqueous solution of the agents a), b) and/or c) defined in the kit and is followed by a step of drying or dehydration. This imbibition can be carried out by any means and in particular by impregnation or spraying with one or more liquid solutions of said agents a), b) and/or c). At the end of the drying, dried seeds are obtained which have undergone a priming treatment which can be stored for several months, and which have remarkable germination properties.
Un des atouts d'un kit de l'invention réside aussi dans le fait qu'il est efficace sur la plupart des semences et notamment les semences des espèces végétales cultivées ou cultivables. Ainsi, les semences potagères, les semences aromatiques, les semences florales et les semences de grandes cultures peuvent être traitées avec la perspective d'une activation de la germination mais aussi d'un renforcement de la plante à naître, en particulier à l'égard des stress biotiques et abiotiques. One of the advantages of a kit of the invention also lies in the fact that it is effective on most seeds and in particular the seeds of cultivated or cultivable plant species. Thus, vegetable seeds, aromatic seeds, floral seeds and field seeds can be treated with the prospect of activating germination but also of strengthening the unborn plant, in particular with regard to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Les différents aspects de l'invention sont illustrés dans les exemples suivants d'où ressortiront ses avantages et bénéfices, à l'appui des figures annexées selon lesquelles : The various aspects of the invention are illustrated in the following examples from which its advantages and benefits will emerge, with the support of the appended figures according to which:
[Fig. 1] représente une comparaison de la cinétique de germination de semences de tomates non traitées et traitées selon l'invention à l'exemple 1. [Fig. 1] represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of untreated and treated tomato seeds according to the invention in Example 1.
[Fig. 2] représente une comparaison de la cinétique de germination de semences de menthe non traitées et traitées selon l'invention à l'exemple 2. [Fig. 2] represents a comparison of the kinetics of germination of untreated and treated mint seeds according to the invention in Example 2.
[Fig. 3] représente une comparaison de la cinétique de germination de semences de tomates non traitées et traitées selon l'invention à l'exemple 3. [Fig. 4] représente une comparaison de la cinétique de germination de semences de laitues non traitées et traitées selon un traitement hors invention illustré à l'exemple 4, à titre comparatif. [Fig. 3] represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of untreated and treated tomato seeds according to the invention in Example 3. [Fig. 4] represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of lettuce seeds that are untreated and treated according to a treatment outside the invention illustrated in example 4, by way of comparison.
[Fig. 5] représente une comparaison de la cinétique de germination de semences de laitues non traitées et traitées selon l'invention à l'exemple 5. [Fig. 5] represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of untreated and treated lettuce seeds according to the invention in Example 5.
[Fig. 6] représente une comparaison de la cinétique de germination de semences de laitues non traitées et traitées selon l'invention à l'exemple 6. [Fig. 6] represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of untreated and treated lettuce seeds according to the invention in Example 6.
[Fig. 7] représente une comparaison de la cinétique de germination de semences de tomates traitées selon l'invention à l'exemple 7 et traitées par un traitement hors invention (hydro-priming) à titre comparatif, après 18 mois de stockage. [Fig. 7] represents a comparison of the germination kinetics of tomato seeds treated according to the invention in Example 7 and treated by a treatment outside the invention (hydro-priming) for comparison, after 18 months of storage.
[Fig. 8] représente une comparaison de la capacité germinative de semences 7 jours après la mise en germination de graines de laitue traitées selon l'invention à l'exemple 8 et traitées par un traitement hors invention (hydro-priming) à titre comparatif, après un traitement de détérioration contrôlée. [Fig. 8] represents a comparison of the germination capacity of seeds 7 days after the germination of lettuce seeds treated according to the invention in Example 8 and treated by a treatment outside the invention (hydro-priming) for comparison, after a controlled deterioration treatment.
Dans ces exemples, les abréviations employées sont ci-après définies : In these examples, the abbreviations used are defined below:
GSH : glutathion réduit GSH: reduced glutathione
ASA : acide ascorbique ASA: ascorbic acid
GA4 : gibbérelline GA4: gibberellin
Pro : proline Pro: proline
KNO3 : nitrate de potassium KNO3: potassium nitrate
Ca(NOs)2 : nitrate de calcium Ca(NOs)2: calcium nitrate
MgSO4 : sulfate de magnésium MgSO4: magnesium sulphate
NH4SO4 : sulfate d'ammonium NH4SO4: ammonium sulphate
KH2PO4 : phosphate de potassium monobasique KH2PO4: monobasic potassium phosphate
K2HPO4 : hydrogénophosphate de potassium K2HPO4: potassium hydrogen phosphate
SA : acide salicylique SA: salicylic acid
SNP : sodium nitroprusside SNP: sodium nitroprusside
Chaque exemple 1-6 illustre la mise en œuvre d'un kit selon l'invention dans un traitement d'amorçage de graines comprenant une imbibition et un séchage, puis la mise en germination des graines ainsi traitées, et la comparaison avec des graines non traitées. Each example 1-6 illustrates the implementation of a kit according to the invention in a seed priming treatment comprising imbibition and drying, then the germination of the seeds thus treated, and the comparison with seeds not processed.
L'exemple 7 illustre la mise en œuvre d'un kit selon l'invention dans un traitement d'amorçage de graines comprenant une imbibition et un séchage, de leur stockage pendant une période de 18 mois puis de la mise en germination des graines ainsi traitées, et la comparaison avec des graines traitées par hydro-priming (hors invention) dans un milieu d'imbibition ne consistant qu'en de l'eau et ayant subi les mêmes conditions de stockage. Example 7 illustrates the implementation of a kit according to the invention in a seed priming treatment comprising imbibition and drying, their storage for a period of 18 months and then the germination of the seeds as well treated, and the comparison with seeds treated by hydro-priming (excluding invention) in an imbibition medium consisting only of water and having undergone the same storage conditions.
L'exemple 8 illustre la mise en œuvre d'un kit selon l'invention dans un traitement d'amorçage de graines comprenant une imbibition et un séchage, de leur détérioration contrôlée pour évaluer leur performance de stockage puis de la mise en germination des graines ainsi traitées, et la comparaison dans des graines traitées par hydro-priming (hors invention) dans un milieu d'imbibition ne consistant qu'en de l'eau et ayant subi les mêmes conditions de détérioration contrôlée. Example 8 illustrates the implementation of a kit according to the invention in a seed priming treatment comprising imbibition and drying, their controlled deterioration to assess their storage performance and then the germination of the seeds thus treated, and the comparison in seeds treated by hydro-priming (outside the invention) in an imbibition medium consisting only of water and having undergone the same conditions of controlled deterioration.
Le protocole du traitement général suivi dans les exemples consiste à préparer le milieu d'imbibition en solubilisant les agents a), b) et/ou c) d'un kit de l'invention dans de l'eau et à y laisser imprégner les graines pendant une période de 4h à 336h à des températures comprises entre 4 et 50°C. The general treatment protocol followed in the examples consists in preparing the imbibition medium by dissolving the agents a), b) and/or c) of a kit of the invention in water and allowing the seeds for a period of 4h to 336h at temperatures between 4 and 50°C.
Les graines sont ensuite séchées sous un flux d'air constant pendant une période de 2h à 96h dans des températures comprises entre 4 et 50°C et une humidité relative comprise entre 15% et 90%. The seeds are then dried under a constant air flow for a period of 2h to 96h in temperatures between 4 and 50°C and a relative humidity between 15% and 90%.
Le protocole de mise en germination des graines traitées ou non, est le même pour tous les exemples. 100 graines sont mises à germer sur un papier filtre de type AnchorBlue (10 x 16 cm) imbibé à saturation avec de l'eau osmosée. Les tests de germination sont menés pour chaque condition avec 4 répétitions, représentant au moins 400 graines testées par condition. Le taux de germination est déterminé par le rapport du nombre de graines germées au nombre de graines totales. The germination protocol for the seeds, whether treated or not, is the same for all the examples. 100 seeds are germinated on a filter paper of the AnchorBlue type (10×16 cm) soaked to saturation with reverse osmosis water. Germination tests are conducted for each condition with 4 replicates, representing at least 400 seeds tested per condition. The germination rate is determined by the ratio of the number of germinated seeds to the number of total seeds.
Les différentes étapes du protocole suivi sont détaillées ci-dessous. The different steps of the protocol followed are detailed below.
Imbibition ou mouillage des semences sèches : Soaking or wetting dry seeds:
Cette étape est réalisée avec une solution aqueuse comprenant au moins deux des agents a), b) et c) comme spécifié dans chacun des exemples. This step is carried out with an aqueous solution comprising at least two of the agents a), b) and c) as specified in each of the examples.
La durée du traitement est supérieure à 4h ; pour la tomate, elle est généralement de 104h. The duration of the treatment is greater than 4 hours; for tomatoes, it is generally 104 hours.
La température est maintenue entre 2°C et 40°C. The temperature is maintained between 2°C and 40°C.
Séchage des semences : Seed drying:
Après imbibition dans la solution aqueuse, les semences sont rincées à l'eau puis séchées sous un flux d'air à température ambiante pendant 3 jours. After soaking in the aqueous solution, the seeds are rinsed with water and then dried under a stream of air at ambient temperature for 3 days.
Les semences ainsi séchées sont stockées, avant/après traitement, à une température inférieure à 10°C. The seeds thus dried are stored, before/after treatment, at a temperature below 10°C.
Le protocole de détérioration contrôlée des graines traitées selon un procédé de l'invention ou traitées par hydro-priming est composé de trois phases et est réalisé sur des graines traitées reséchées. La première phase, appelée phase d'équilibration, consiste à mettre les graines traitées sèches à une température de 20°C et une humidité relative de 76% pendant 3 jours. La deuxième phase, appelée phase de détérioration, consiste à transférer les graines ayant subi la première phase à une température de 40°C et une humidité relative de 76% pendant 0, 2, 3 ou 6 jours. La troisième phase, appelées phase de rééquilibration, consiste à transférer les graines ayant subi la deuxième phase à une température de 20°C et une humidité relative de 32% pendant 3 jours. Les graines résultantes sont stockées à une température de 10°C puis mises à germer. Les graines annotées « tO » correspondent à des graines n'ayant subi que la phase d'équilibration et de rééquilibration du protocole de détérioration contrôlée. Les graines annotées « t2 », « t3 » et « t6 » correspondent à des graines ayant subi respectivement 2, 3 et 6 jours de phase de détérioration. The protocol for the controlled deterioration of seeds treated according to a process of the invention or treated by hydro-priming is composed of three phases and is carried out on re-dried treated seeds. The first phase, called the equilibration phase, consists in putting the treated seeds dry at a temperature of 20°C and a relative humidity of 76% for 3 days. The second phase, called the deterioration phase, consists of transferring the seeds that have undergone the first phase to a temperature of 40°C and a relative humidity of 76% for 0, 2, 3 or 6 days. The third phase, called the rebalancing phase, consists of transferring the seeds that have undergone the second phase to a temperature of 20°C and a relative humidity of 32% for 3 days. The resulting seeds are stored at a temperature of 10°C and then germinated. The seeds annotated “tO” correspond to seeds having only undergone the equilibration and re-equilibration phase of the controlled deterioration protocol. The seeds annotated “t2”, “t3” and “t6” correspond to seeds having undergone respectively 2, 3 and 6 days of deterioration phase.
Exemple 1 : Utilisation d'un kit selon l'invention pour un traitement d'amorçage de graines de tomates, comprenant des agents a) et c) Example 1: Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of tomato seeds, comprising agents a) and c)
Le milieu d'imbibition est une solution aqueuse des agents d'activateurs de la germination a) suivants 0,5-5 mM KNO3 + 0,1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0,1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0,1- 5 mM KH2PO4, et des agents régulateurs du métabolisme oxydatif cellulaire c) suivants, 1-50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH + 1-20 mM Pro. The imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activating agents a) 0.5-5 mM KNO3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0.1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0.1- 5 mM KH2PO4, and the following cellular oxidative metabolism regulators c) 1-50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH + 1-20 mM Pro.
Les graines ainsi prétraitées et des graines non traitées sont mises à germer selon le protocole décrit précédemment conduit à 25°C en lumière continue. The seeds thus pretreated and untreated seeds are germinated according to the protocol described above carried out at 25° C. in continuous light.
La cinétique de germination de semences de tomates non traitées (noir) et traitées selon l'invention (gris) est représentée sur la figure 1. The germination kinetics of untreated (black) and treated tomato seeds according to the invention (grey) are shown in Figure 1.
Exemple 2 : Utilisation d'un kit selon l'invention pour un traitement d'amorçage de graines de menthe, comprenant des agents a) et c) Example 2: Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of mint seeds, comprising agents a) and c)
Le milieu d'imbibition est une solution des agents activateurs de la germination a) suivants 0,5-5 mM KNO3 + 0,1-5 mM MgSÛ4 + 0,1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0,1-5 mM KH2PO4 + 0,05-0,5 mM GA4 + 0,05-0,5 mM SNP, et du régulateur des métabolismes oxydatifs cellulaires suivant, 1-20 mM Pro. The imbibition medium is a solution of the following germination activating agents a) 0.5-5 mM KNO3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0.1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0.1-5 mM KH2PO4 + 0 0.05-0.5 mM GA4 + 0.05-0.5 mM SNP, and the next regulator of cellular oxidative metabolisms, 1-20 mM Pro.
Les graines ainsi prétraitées et des graines non traitées sont mises à germer selon le protocole décrit précédemment conduit à 25°C à l'obscurité. The seeds thus pretreated and untreated seeds are germinated according to the protocol described above conducted at 25° C. in the dark.
La cinétique de germination de semences de menthe verte non traitées (noir) et traitées selon l'invention (gris) est représentée à la figure 2. The germination kinetics of untreated spearmint seeds (black) and treated according to the invention (grey) is shown in Figure 2.
Exemple 3 : Utilisation d'un kit selon l'invention pour un traitement d'amorçage de graines de tomates, comprenant des agents a), b) et c) Le milieu d'imbibition est une solution des agents activateurs de la germination a) suivants, 0,5-5 mM KNO3 + 0,1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0,1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0,1-5 mM KH2PO4, de l'agent capable d'assurer une protection des semences ou des plantes qui en sont issues b) suivant0,l-5 mM SA, et des régulateurs des métabolismes oxydatifs cellulaires c) suivants 1-50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH + 1-20 mM Pro. Example 3: Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of tomato seeds, comprising agents a), b) and c) The imbibition medium is a solution of the following germination-activating agents a), 0.5-5 mM KNO 3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO 4 + 0.1-5 mM NH 4 SO 4 + 0.1 -5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , of the agent capable of ensuring protection of the seeds or of the plants resulting therefrom b) according to 0.1-5 mM SA, and of the regulators of cellular oxidative metabolisms c) according to 1-50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH + 1-20 mM Pro.
La cinétique de germination de semences de tomates non traitées (noir) et traitées selon l'invention (gris) est représentée à la figure 3. The germination kinetics of untreated (black) and treated tomato seeds according to the invention (grey) are shown in Figure 3.
Exemple 4 : Utilisation d'un kit pour un traitement d'amorçage de graines de laitues, comprenant des agents a) Example 4: Use of a kit for a priming treatment of lettuce seeds, comprising agents a)
Cet exemple n'illustre pas l'invention, il est mentionné à titre comparatif des exemples 5 et 6 mettant en évidence que les agents b) et c) n'ont pas d'effets antagonistes sur l'action des agents a). This example does not illustrate the invention, examples 5 and 6 are mentioned by way of comparison, showing that agents b) and c) have no antagonistic effects on the action of agents a).
Le milieu d'imbibition est une solution aqueuse des activateurs de germination a) suivants 0,5-5 mM KNO3 + 0,1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0,1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0,1-5 mM KH2PO4. The imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activators a) 0.5-5 mM KNO 3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO 4 + 0.1-5 mM NH 4 SO 4 + 0.1-5 mM KH 2 PO 4 .
La cinétique de germination de semences de laitue non traitées (noir) et traitées selon l'invention (gris) est représentée à la figure 4. The germination kinetics of lettuce seeds that are untreated (black) and treated according to the invention (grey) are shown in Figure 4.
Exemple 5 : Utilisation d'un kit selon l'invention pour un traitement d'amorçage de graines de laitues, comprenant des agents a) et b) Example 5: Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of lettuce seeds, comprising agents a) and b)
Le milieu d'imbibition est une solution aqueuse des activateurs de la germination a) suivants 0,5-5 mM KNO3 + 0,1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0,1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0,1- 5 mM KH2PO4, et de l'agent capable d'assurer une protection des semences ou des plantes qui en sont issues b), 0,1-5 mM SA. The imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activators a) 0.5-5 mM KNO 3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO 4 + 0.1-5 mM NH 4 SO 4 + 0.1- 5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , and of the agent capable of ensuring protection of the seeds or of the plants resulting therefrom b), 0.1-5 mM SA.
La cinétique de germination de semences de laitue non traitées (noir) et traitées selon l'invention (gris) est représentée à la figure 5. The germination kinetics of lettuce seeds that are untreated (black) and treated according to the invention (grey) are shown in Figure 5.
Exemple 6 : Utilisation d'un kit selon l'invention pour un traitement d'amorçage de graines de laitues, comprenant des agents a) et c) Example 6: Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of lettuce seeds, comprising agents a) and c)
Le milieu d'imbibition est une solution aqueuse des activateurs de la germination a) suivants 0,5-5 mM KNO3 + 0,1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0,1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0,1- 5 mM KH2PO4, et des régulateurs des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires c) suivants 1- 50 mM ASA+ 1-5 mM GSH. The imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activators a) 0.5-5 mM KNO 3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO 4 + 0.1-5 mM NH 4 SO 4 + 0.1- 5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , and regulators of cellular oxidative mechanisms c) following 1- 50 mM ASA+ 1-5 mM GSH.
La cinétique de germination de semences de laitue non traitées (noir) et traités selon l'invention (gris) est représentée à la figure 6. Exemple 7 : Utilisation d'un kit selon l'invention pour un traitement d'amorçage de graines de tomate, comprenant des agents a) et c) The germination kinetics of lettuce seeds that are untreated (black) and treated according to the invention (grey) are shown in Figure 6. Example 7: Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of tomato seeds, comprising agents a) and c)
Le milieu d'imbibition est une solution aqueuse des activateurs de la germination a) suivants 0,5-5 mM KNO3 + 0,1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0,1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0,1- 5 mM KH2PO4, et des régulateurs des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires c) suivants 1- 50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH + 1-20 mM Pro. The imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activators a) 0.5-5 mM KNO3 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0.1-5 mM NH4SO4 + 0.1- 5 mM KH2PO4, and regulators of the following cellular oxidative mechanisms c) 1-50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH + 1-20 mM Pro.
La cinétique de germination de semences de tomate traitées par hydro-priming (gris) et traitées par smart priming selon l'invention (noir) est représentée à la figure 7. The germination kinetics of tomato seeds treated by hydro-priming (grey) and treated by smart priming according to the invention (black) is shown in Figure 7.
Après 18 mois de stockage, on observe la performance de la germination des graines ayant été soumises à un traitement d'amorçage selon l'invention en comparaison à celle de graines ayant été traitées par hydro-priming. After 18 months of storage, the performance of the germination of the seeds having been subjected to a priming treatment according to the invention is observed in comparison with that of seeds having been treated by hydro-priming.
Exemple 8 : Utilisation d'un kit selon l'invention pour un traitement d'amorçage de graines de laitue, comprenant des agents a), b) et c) Example 8: Use of a kit according to the invention for a priming treatment of lettuce seeds, comprising agents a), b) and c)
Le milieu d'imbibition est une solution aqueuse des activateurs de la germination a) suivants 0,5-5 mM KNO3 + 0,5-5 mM Ca(NOs)2 + 0,1-5 mM MgSÛ4 + 0,1- 5 mM NH4SO4 + 0,1-5 mM KH2PO4, de l'agent capable d'assurer une protection des semences ou des plantes qui en sont issues b) suivant 0,1-5 mM SA, et des régulateurs des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires c) suivants 1-50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH. The imbibition medium is an aqueous solution of the following germination activators a) 0.5-5 mM KNO3 + 0.5-5 mM Ca(NOs)2 + 0.1-5 mM MgSO4 + 0.1- 5 mM NH4SO4 + 0.1-5 mM KH2PO4, of the agent capable of ensuring protection of the seeds or of the plants resulting therefrom b) according to 0.1-5 mM SA, and of the regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms c) following 1-50 mM ASA + 1-5 mM GSH.
Les capacités germinatives 7 jours après la mise en germination de semences de laitue traitées par hydro-priming (gris) et traitées par smart priming selon l'invention (noir) est représentée à la figure 8. Les capacités germinatives correspondent à celles de graines traitées par hydro-priming et traitées par smart priming selon l'invention et ayant subies un protocole de détérioration contrôlée. Les résultats présentent les capacités germinatives de semences détériorées pendant 0 jour (tO), 2 jours (t2), 3 jours (t3) ou 6 jours (t6). The germinative capacities 7 days after the germination of lettuce seeds treated by hydro-priming (grey) and treated by smart priming according to the invention (black) is represented in FIG. 8. The germinative capacities correspond to those of seeds treated by hydro-priming and treated by smart priming according to the invention and having undergone a controlled deterioration protocol. The results present the germination capacities of seeds deteriorated for 0 days (tO), 2 days (t2), 3 days (t3) or 6 days (t6).
Après protocole de détérioration contrôlée des semences, on observe la performance des graines ayant été soumises à un traitement d'amorçage selon l'invention en comparaison à celle de graines ayant été traitées par hydro-priming. After protocol of controlled deterioration of the seeds, the performance of the seeds having been subjected to a priming treatment according to the invention is observed in comparison with that of seeds having been treated by hydro-priming.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Kit pour préparer un milieu d'imbibition dans un traitement d'amorçage de semences, comprenant et configuré pour une application combinée d'au moins deux agents différents, lesdits agents étant choisis parmi : a) un ou plusieurs activateurs de germination desdites semences, la concentration du ou de chacun desdits activateurs dans le milieu d'imbibition étant de 0,001-10 mM, b) un ou plusieurs agents capables d'assurer une protection desdites semences et/ou des plantes qui en sont issues, la concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition du ou de chacun desdits agents étant de 0,01-10 mM, et c) un ou plusieurs régulateurs des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires desdites semences. 1. Kit for preparing an imbibition medium in a seed priming treatment, comprising and configured for a combined application of at least two different agents, said agents being chosen from: a) one or more germination activators of said seeds , the concentration of the or each of said activators in the imbibition medium being 0.001-10 mM, b) one or more agents capable of ensuring protection of the said seeds and/or of the plants resulting therefrom, the concentration in the imbibition medium of the or each of said agents being 0.01-10 mM, and c) one or more regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of said seeds.
2. Kit selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : a) un ou plusieurs activateurs de germination desdites semences, la concentration du ou de chacun desdits activateurs dans le milieu d'imbibition étant de 0,01-10 mM, et au moins l'un des deux agent b) et c) suivants : b) un ou plusieurs agents capables d'assurer une protection desdites semences et/ou des plantes qui en sont issues, la concentration du ou de chacun desdits agents dans le milieu d'imbibition étant de 0,1-10 mM, c) un ou plusieurs régulateurs des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires desdites semences. 2. Kit according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: a) one or more germination activators of said seeds, the concentration of the or each of said activators in the imbibition medium being 0.01-10 mM, and at least one of the following two agents b) and c): b) one or more agents capable of providing protection for said seeds and/or the plants resulting therefrom, the concentration of the or each of said agents in the imbibition medium being 0.1-10 mM, c) one or more regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of said seeds.
3. Kit selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins : a) un ou plusieurs activateurs de germination desdites semences, la concentration du ou de chacun desdits activateurs dans le milieu d'imbibition étant de 0,01-10 mM, b) un ou plusieurs agents capables d'assurer une protection desdites semences et/ou des plantes qui en sont issues, la concentration du ou de chacun desdits agents dans le milieu d'imbibition étant de 0,1-10 mM, et c) un ou plusieurs régulateurs des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires desdites semences. 3. Kit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises at least: a) one or more germination activators of said seeds, the concentration of the or each of said activators in the imbibition medium being 0.01 -10 mM, b) one or more agents capable of providing protection for said seeds and/or plants resulting therefrom, the concentration of the or each of said agents in the imbibition medium being 0.1-10 mM , and c) one or more regulators of the cellular oxidative mechanisms of said seeds.
4. Kit selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le ou les activateurs de germination a) sont choisis parmi les inhibiteurs de dormance. 4. Kit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the germination activator or activators a) are chosen from dormancy inhibitors.
5. Kit selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le ou les activateurs de germination a) sont choisis parmi les activateurs du catabolisme de l'acide abscissique et les activateurs d'hormones telles que les gibbérellines. 5. Kit according to claim 4, characterized in that the germination activator(s) a) are chosen from activators of abscisic acid catabolism and activators of hormones such as gibberellins.
6. Kit selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que le ou les activateurs de germination a) sont choisis parmi les stimulateurs de la production de monoxyde d'azote, ainsi que leurs mélanges. 6. Kit according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the germination activator or activators a) are chosen from stimulators of the production of nitric oxide, as well as mixtures thereof.
7. Kit selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le ou les activateurs de germination a) sont choisis parmi les nitrates, les nitrites, les phosphates, les sulfates, l'éthylène, les précurseurs de l'éthylène, les sels d'ammonium, ainsi que leurs mélanges. 7. Kit according to claim 6, characterized in that the germination activator(s) a) are chosen from nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, sulphates, ethylene, ethylene precursors, salts of ammonium, as well as mixtures thereof.
8. Kit selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le ou les activateurs de germination a) sont choisis parmi les nitrates, les phosphates et les sulfates, en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1 à 10 mM. 8. Kit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the germination activator(s) a) are chosen from nitrates, phosphates and sulphates, in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0, 1 to 10 mM.
9. Kit selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le ou les activateurs de germination a) sont choisis parmi le nitrate de potassium à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1-10 mM, le nitrate de calcium à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1-10 mM, le sulfate de magnésium à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1-10 mM, le phosphate de potassium monobasique à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1-10 mM, l'hydrogénophosphate de potassium à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1-10 mM, l'acide gibbérellique à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,01-1 mM et le nitroprussiate de sodium à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,01-1 mM. 9. Kit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the germination activator(s) a) are chosen from potassium nitrate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, calcium nitrate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, magnesium sulphate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, monobasic potassium phosphate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, potassium hydrogen phosphate at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-10 mM, gibberellic acid at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.01-1 mM and sodium nitroprusside at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.01-1 mM.
10. Kit selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le ou les agents b) sont choisis parmi les stimulateurs des défenses naturelles des semences et les stimulateurs des défenses naturelles des plantes issues desdites semences, en réponse à un stress biotique et/ou un stress abiotique. 10. Kit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the agent or agents b) are chosen from stimulators of the natural defenses of seeds and stimulators of the natural defenses of plants derived from said seeds, in response to a biotic stress and/or abiotic stress.
11. Kit selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les stimulateurs des défenses naturelles des semences sont choisis parmi les molécules de la famille des salicylates tels que l'acide salicylique, à une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,05-3 mM, les dérivés de l'acide salicylique et l'acibenzolar-S-méthyl. 11. Kit according to claim 10, characterized in that the stimulators of the natural defenses of the seeds are chosen from molecules of the family of salicylates such as salicylic acid, at a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.05-3 mM, derivatives of salicylic acid and acibenzolar-S-methyl.
12. Kit selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les dérivés de l'acide salicylique sont choisis parmi l'acide sulfosalicylique et le salicylate de méthyle, et sont en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de de 0,1-5 mM. 12. Kit according to claim 11, characterized in that the salicylic acid derivatives are chosen from sulfosalicylic acid and methyl salicylate, and are in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-5 mM.
13. Kit selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le régulateur des mécanismes oxydatifs cellulaires c) est choisi parmi les osmoprotecteurs et les antioxydants. 13. Kit according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the regulator of cellular oxidative mechanisms c) is chosen from osmoprotectors and antioxidants.
14. Kit selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les osmoprotecteurs sont choisis parmi la proline en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,1-30 mM, le tréhalose, l'acide aminobutyrique, les sucres réducteurs, ainsi que leurs mélanges. 14. Kit according to claim 13, characterized in that the osmoprotectors are chosen from proline in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.1-30 mM, trehalose, aminobutyric acid, reducing sugars, as well as their mixtures.
15. Kit selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les antioxydants sont choisis parmi l'acide ascorbique et ses sels, en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,05-150 mM, le glutathion réduit en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,01-5 mM, les tocophérols en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,05-30 mM et l'acétate de tocophérol en une concentration dans le milieu d'imbibition de 0,05-30 mM. 15. Kit according to claim 13, characterized in that the antioxidants are chosen from ascorbic acid and its salts, in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.05-150 mM, reduced glutathione in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.01-5 mM, tocopherols in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.05-30 mM and tocopherol acetate in a concentration in the imbibition medium of 0.05- 30mM.
16. Procédé de traitement de semences comprenant les étapes suivantes : on imbibe les semences dans un milieu d'imbibition susceptible d'être obtenu à partir d'un kit selon l'un quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, puis on déshydrate les semences ainsi imbibées. 16. Process for treating seeds comprising the following steps: the seeds are soaked in an imbibition medium obtainable from a kit according to any one of claims 1 to 15, then the seeds are dehydrated as well soaked.
17. Procédé selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que les semences sont imbibées par imprégnation ou pulvérisation par une ou des solutions liquides desdits agents a), b) et/ou c). 17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the seeds are soaked by impregnation or spraying with one or more liquid solutions of said agents a), b) and/or c).
18. Procédé selon la revendication 16 ou 17, caractérisé en ce que les semences sont choisies parmi les semences des espèces végétales cultivées ou cultivables. 16 18. Method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the seeds are chosen from seeds of cultivated or cultivable plant species. 16
19. Procédé selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que les semences sont choisies parmi les semences potagères, les semences aromatiques, les semences florales et les semences de grandes cultures. 19. Process according to claim 18, characterized in that the seeds are chosen from vegetable seeds, aromatic seeds, floral seeds and field seeds.
20. Utilisation d'un kit tel que défini à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à20. Use of a kit as defined in any one of claims 1 to
15, pour un traitement de semences destinées à être stockées avant d'être semées. 15, for a treatment of seeds intended to be stored before being sown.
EP21759108.0A 2020-08-06 2021-08-06 Kit for the treatment of seeds Pending EP4192223A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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PCT/FR2021/051451 WO2022029394A1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-08-06 Kit for the treatment of seeds

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EP (1) EP4192223A1 (en)
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AU (1) AU2021321371A1 (en)
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CA (1) CA3187659A1 (en)
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EP2747540B1 (en) * 2011-08-25 2018-04-04 Loveland Products, Inc. Aqueous composition for accelerating secretion of alpha-amylase in plant seed germination
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