EP4189718A1 - Fuse and associated manufacturing process - Google Patents
Fuse and associated manufacturing processInfo
- Publication number
- EP4189718A1 EP4189718A1 EP21751808.3A EP21751808A EP4189718A1 EP 4189718 A1 EP4189718 A1 EP 4189718A1 EP 21751808 A EP21751808 A EP 21751808A EP 4189718 A1 EP4189718 A1 EP 4189718A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuse
- arc
- guards
- reduced section
- perforations
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
- H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
- H01H85/055—Fusible members
- H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
- H01H85/10—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member with constriction for localised fusing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H69/00—Apparatus or processes for the manufacture of emergency protective devices
- H01H69/02—Manufacture of fuses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
- H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
- H01H85/055—Fusible members
- H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
- H01H2085/381—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc with insulating body insertable between the end contacts of the fusible element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
- H01H2085/388—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc using special materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
- H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
- H01H85/165—Casings
- H01H85/175—Casings characterised by the casing shape or form
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuse and an associated method of manufacture.
- a fuse is an electrical component comprising two terminals and allowing, in the event of overcurrent beyond a limit called the fuse rating, to interrupt the flow of electric current between the two terminals.
- the two terminals are fixed to an insulating body and are electrically connected to each other via at least one fuse blade, arranged within a cavity made in the insulating body.
- One or more fuse links can be connected in parallel to the two terminals depending on the dimensioning of the fuse. What is described for a fuse link can be transposed to other fuse links when there are several.
- a fuse link is made of a conductive material having a given electrical resistance and a given melting temperature. In normal operation, the current passes through the fuse link and the temperature of the fuse link remains below the melting temperature. In the event of an overcurrent, the temperature of the fuse blade increases and exceeds the melting temperature at one or more points of the fuse blade, which melts at least partially, and the flow of current is cut off irreversibly.
- the fuse link includes, between the connections with the two poles, at least one intermediate portion having a reduced surface section. Such an intermediate portion is called a “reduced section”. Each reduced section offers greater resistance to current flow than the rest of the blade. When the intensity of the current flowing through the blade increases, the temperature of each reduced section increases more than the temperature of the rest of the blade. In case of overcurrent, the fusion of the blade is done preferentially at the level of a reduced section.
- the electric arc defined as a plasma state of matter, causes strong localized heating which promotes melting of the fuse link. With the thermal and electrical conditions, this change in state of the fuse link material in turn promotes the maintenance and lengthening of the electric arc.
- US Pat. No. 5,596,306 teaches placing arc guards on either side of the reduced section.
- the arc arresters confine the electric arc but have no positive influence on the extinction time of the electric arc.
- US-2015/294828-A1 describes, for example, arc arresters riveted at the end of a fuse blade on a respective reduced section.
- the arc arresters confine the electric arc but have no positive influence on the extinction time of the electric arc.
- the invention relates to a fuse, comprising:
- each fuse blade made in a sheet having two opposite main faces extending along a longitudinal axis of the fuse blade, each fuse blade comprising a portion which has a reduced section defining a plane transverse to the fuse blade,
- each arc arrester made of an elastic material, which are associated in pairs, the arc arresters of the same pair each being located opposite one another on a respective main face of the same fuse blade , each arc arrester comprising an internal face, oriented towards the fuse blade, a front face, oriented towards the reduced section, and a rear face, oriented away from the reduced section, in which at least one perforation is provided in the fuse link in the vicinity of the reduced section, each of the said perforations being at least partially closed off by the internal faces of the two arc arresters of the same pair, while each perforation forms a cavity between the two arc arresters of a same pair.
- the surface section of a group of perforations, measured along the longitudinal axis of this fuse blade is five times greater, preferably ten times greater, than the smallest surface section among the surface sections of the reduced sections arranged on this fuse blade.
- fuse links comprising perforations covered at least in part by arc arresters have a significantly shorter extinction time than fuse links without perforation.
- the perforations favor the progression of the electric arc, which is extinguished more quickly than in the absence of an arc arrester. It is thus possible, for fuses of a given caliber, i.e. adapted to a given voltage and/or power, to design more compact, and therefore more economical, fuses.
- such a fuse can incorporate one or more of the following characteristics taken in isolation or in any technically permissible combination:
- the fuse comprises, in addition to the first pair of arc arresters, a second pair of arc guards, the first and second pairs of arc guards each closing at least in part the perforations provided on each side of the reduced section;
- the perforations have an elongated shape and are arranged along their length parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fuse link;
- the perforations extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fuse link beyond the rear face of the arc guards, so as to form rear vents;
- the rear vents have a length of between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 8 mm, more preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm;
- the perforations extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fuse link beyond the front face of the arc guards so as to form front vents;
- the front vents have a length of between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 and 3 mm;
- each arc guard which the front and rear faces of each arc guard are separated by a length of between 5 mm and 30 mm;
- a distance between the front face of an arch guard and a border line the reduced section located opposite is between 0.5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 15 mm, more preferably between 2 mm and 12mm;
- the arc guards are made of a material having a hardness, measured on a Shore-A scale, of between 20 and 90, preferably between 40 and 70;
- the arc guards are made of an elastomeric material, preferably silicone;
- the arc arresters are made of a preformed material, while a layer of adhesive is interposed between the fuse blade and the internal face of each arc arrester of this pair, the internal face being oriented towards one of the main faces of the fuse link, so as to fix each arc arrester on the fuse link, and
- the fuse comprises an armature, which is received in a cavity of a body of the fuse and which limits the movements of the fuse blades relative to the body by means of spacers and/or wedges.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a fuse as described previously, the fuse comprising at least one fuse blade with a reduced section defining a plane transverse to the fuse blade.
- the method comprises the steps consisting in: providing in the fuse link at least one perforation on one side of the transverse plane,
- the method comprises a step, prior to the assembly step, consisting in manufacturing two arc guards of a first pair, the arc guards being made of a crosslinked elastomeric material and having a flat internal face.
- a layer of adhesive is interposed between the internal face of each arc arrester and a respective main face of the fuse link so as to bond the arc arresters of the first pair to the fuse blade.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a fuse comprising several fuse links and arc arresters according to a first embodiment of the invention, some parts being shown schematically to facilitate reading;
- Figure 2 is a view of the fuse of Figure 1, along the arrow II in Figure 1, some parts being omitted to facilitate reading;
- Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view on a larger scale of a fuse blade and arc arresters of Figure 1, along the arrow III in Figure 1;
- Figure 4 schematically shows, on inserts a) and b), two views of the same fuse link and arc arresters of Figure 1;
- Figure 5 is a figure similar to Figure 4, showing the same fuse blade and arc arresters in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 6 is a figure similar to Figure 4, showing the same fuse blade and arc arresters according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 7 is a graph illustrating the evolution of an electric current passing through fuse links according to the state of the art or to embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 8 is a diagram representing the steps of a method of manufacturing a fuse link and arc arresters in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 9 is a figure similar to Figure 3, representing a fuse blade and arc arresters in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG 10 schematically represents, on inserts a) and b), two views of the same fuse link and arc arresters of figure 9.
- a fuse 2 is shown in Figure 1.
- the fuse 2 comprises a body 20, shown schematically in dotted lines, and two connection terminals 22.
- the body 20 is made of an insulating material, for example ceramic.
- the body 20 generally has the shape of an elongated cylinder defining a longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2.
- the body 20 has a parallelepiped shape, that is to say that the body 20 is a cylinder of rectangular section .
- the body 20 has an elliptical or even circular section.
- We define a transverse direction as being a direction orthogonal to the axis A2.
- a transverse plane of fuse 2 is thus a plane orthogonal to axis A2.
- the terminals 22 are arranged on two respective faces of the body 20, opposite and orthogonal to the axis A2.
- Each terminal 22 has the shape of a cylinder with an oval section and a generatrix parallel to the axis A2.
- An oblong hole 24 is made through each terminal 22.
- Each terminal 22 includes a plate 26, intended for assembling the fuse 2 to a fuse holder, not shown.
- the body 20 of the fuse 2 comprises a cavity V20, in which are housed fuse blades 4.
- Each fuse blade 4 comprises two opposite attachment ends 40, each end 40 being connected to one of the terminals 22.
- the fuse blades 4 are thus electrically connected in parallel to the terminals 22. In other words, each terminal 22 is connected to one of the respective attachment ends 40 of each fuse blade 4.
- the fuse blades 4 are here four in number, this number being able to vary according to the dimensioning of the fuse 2, in particular according to the voltage and the amperage for which the fuse 2 is designed.
- the fuse links 4 advantageously have the same structure and operate in the same way.
- the fuse blades 4 of the fuse 2 are preferably identical. What is explained for a fuse link 4 can be transposed to the other fuse links 4.
- Fuse links 4 are elements made of a conductive material, which has an electrical resistance and a melting temperature.
- the material of the fuse links 4 is preferably metallic, for example silver, denoted Ag.
- Each fuse link 4 here has the shape of an elongated rectangle, the long sides of which are arranged parallel to the axis A2.
- Each fuse blade 4 has a constant width, measured transversely to the axis A2.
- Each fuse link 4 here has a symmetrical shape with respect to a transverse plane P4 and is formed in a sheet, which has two opposite main faces, which extend along the longitudinal axis A2 and which include flat portions separated by folds transverse 42.
- the planar portions of the same fuse blade 4 are located in the same average plane, the average planes of each fuse blades 4 being parallel to each other and defining a main axis denoted A4.
- Axis A4 is an axis transverse to axis A2.
- the flat portions of the same fuse link 4 are not all situated in the same mean plane.
- each fuse blade 4 comprises an intermediate portion between the two attachment ends 40 in which a reduced section 46 is provided.
- Each fuse blade 4 has, at the level of each reduced section 46, an electrical resistance greater than the electrical resistance elsewhere than at the level of the reduced sections 46.
- the fuse blade 4 presents , at the reduced sections 46, localized heating.
- the melting of the material of the fuse blade 4 occurs preferentially at the level of the reduced sections 46.
- each fuse link 4 has several types of reduced sections 46, the holes 44 having for example different diameters depending on the reduced section 46 considered. Thus, when an overcurrent occurs, some reduced sections 46 are likely to melt faster than others.
- the fuse link 4 comprises a single type of reduced section 46, its “breaking time/breaking intensity” response curve has a given appearance.
- a response curve is obtained which is the superposition of each of the response curves corresponding to each of the sections. This aspect is not detailed further in this description.
- the fuse 2 also comprises an armature 48, which is received in the cavity V20 of the body 20.
- the armature 48 is not essential to the implementation of the invention described in the present description, but contributes to its implementation.
- the armature 48 is used, among other things, for assembling the body 20 to the rest of the fuse 2 and for holding the fuse blades 4, for example to protect them during the manufacture of the fuse 2.
- the fuse blades 4 are in fact very thin and flexible, the fuse links 4 possibly having thicknesses of the order of 0.1 mm or even less.
- the reinforcement 48 is made of an insulating material, preferably rigid, for example synthetic material, optionally reinforced with inorganic fibers such as glass fibers.
- the armature 48 is made of polyimide - also denoted PI -, polyetheretherketone - also denoted PEEK -, polytetrafluoroethylene - also denoted PTFE -, polyamide - also denoted PA -, silicone or polyphenylsulfone - also denoted PPSU -.
- the frame 48 comprises two side panels 50, located opposite each other and connected to each other by spacers 52. The structure of the frame 48 is not not limiting.
- Each panel 50 comprises, on a face facing the other panel 50, notches 54 for holding the fuse links 4.
- the spacers 52 are shown in section, while the side panels 50 are not shown.
- the spacers 52 are here grouped into two stacks 56 of five spacers 52 each, each stack 56 being located here in the vicinity of the attachment ends 40 of the fuse links 4.
- a fuse link 4 is thus held, by pinching, between two spacers 52 neighbors, while the two spacers 52 located at the ends of each stack 56 bear against the body 20, on the inside of the cavity V20.
- the spacers 52 limit the amplitude of the movements of the fuse blades 4 with respect to the rest of the fuse 2.
- the cavity 20 is generally filled with a powder serving to absorb part of the energy of the electric arc appearing in the event of an overcurrent, contributing faster extinction of the arc and faster interruption of the electric current.
- a powder is preferably in the form of micrometric particles and is for example silica sand.
- one of the reduced sections 46 of each fuse link 4, referenced 46A is arranged astride a transverse plane coinciding with the transverse plane P4.
- the reduced section 46A knowing that what is valid for the reduced section 46A is generally transposable to the other reduced sections 46.
- Arc guards 6, visible in section in FIG. 2 and on a larger scale in perspective in FIG. 3, are arranged in the vicinity of each reduced section 46A.
- four arc guards 6 are arranged, on the one hand, symmetrically with respect to the transverse plane P4 and, on the other hand, symmetrically with respect to the fuse blade 4.
- Two arc guards 6 located on the same side of the transverse plane P4 thus form a pair 60 of arc guards 6, the arc guards 6 of the same pair 60 each being located opposite one another on a respective main face of the same fuse blade 4.
- the two pairs 60 of arc guards 6 are separated from each other by a single reduced section 46A.
- two pairs 60 of arc guards 6 are separated by several reduced sections 46 or 46A.
- the arc guards 6 have similar shapes and operate in the same way.
- the arc guards 6 of the same pair 60 are preferably identical. In the rest of the description, it is considered that the four arc guards 6 located in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A are identical.
- the arc guards 6, also called “arc suppressors” in English, are made of an elastic material, that is to say a material capable of deforming under the effect of mechanical stress and returning to its initial shape. when this mechanical stress is interrupted.
- the arc guards 6 are made of an elastomeric material.
- the elastomeric material of the arc guards 6 is for example polysiloxane, also called silicone - also denoted "silicone" in English -.
- the arc guards 6 are made of a preformed material, that is to say an already crosslinked material.
- An already crosslinked silicone material is a solid material which has a defined shape and can be easily handled, in particular can be cut and/or machined according to reduced dimensional tolerances, whereas a non-crosslinked silicone material generally comes in the form of a dough, which has no definite shape.
- the fuse 2 also comprises wedges 58, which are connected to the fuse blades 4 or to the arc arresters 6 so as to be immobilized with respect to the fuse blades 4, in particular during assembly or handling of the fuse 2.
- wedges 58 which are connected to the fuse blades 4 or to the arc arresters 6 so as to be immobilized with respect to the fuse blades 4, in particular during assembly or handling of the fuse 2.
- the wedges 58 also make it possible to immobilize the fuse blades 4 with respect to the armature 48 when it is present and/or with respect to the body 20 when the fuse 2 is fully assembled.
- some of the wedges 58 cooperate with the notches 54, or with other shapes or machining, not shown, which are made in the frame 48, so as to limit the movements of the blades fuses 4 with respect to the armature 48.
- the armature 48 limits the movements of the fuse blades 4 via the spacers 52 and/or the wedges 58.
- the wedges 58 each have a parallelepiped shape.
- the wedges 58 are made of a material identical to the material of the arc guards 6, for example of an already crosslinked elastomeric material such as silicone.
- the wedges 58 and the arc guards 6 are represented in such a way schematic.
- the proportions between the dimensions of the arc guards 6 and the wedges 58 are not limiting.
- the reduced sections 46A of the fuse links 4 are aligned on the transverse plane P4, and the arc arresters 6 are arranged on either side of the transverse plane P4. Some of the wedges 58, located in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A, are interposed between two arc guards 6 located on the same side of the transverse plane P4 and belonging respectively to two adjacent fuse links 4.
- the wedges 58 are fixed to the fuse links 4 or to the arc guards 6 by gluing, that is to say in a manner analogous to the way, described later in the present description, in which the arc guards 6 are attached to fuse links 4.
- this wedge 58 is made in one piece with this arc shield 6.
- Such an arc shield 6 contributes, on the one hand, to extinguishing of the arc and, on the other hand, to maintain the fuse links 4.
- the wedges 58 are slightly compressed in the direction of the axis A4.
- the arc guards 6 are slightly compressed in the direction of the axis A4 by means of the wedges 58.
- Each arc arrester 6 here has an elongated parallelepiped shape and is arranged along its length parallel to the reduced section 46A, the length of each arc arrester 6 here being equal to the width of the fuse link 4. In a variant not shown, each arc arrester 6 has a length greater than the width of the fuse blade 4.
- Each arc arrester 6 has a front face 62, which is oriented towards the reduced section 46A in the vicinity of which this arc arrester 6 is located, and a rear face 64, opposite the front face 62, in other words oriented opposite the reduced section 46A.
- a length L6 is defined as being a length separating the front face 62 from the rear face 64.
- Each arc arrester 6 has an internal face 66 which is oriented towards a main face of the fuse blade 4, and an external face 68 which is oriented opposite the internal face 66.
- a thickness L7 of an arc arrester is defined. -arc 6 as being a distance separating the internal face 66 from the external face 68.
- Two boundary lines 70 of the reduced section 46A are defined as being two lines parallel to the transverse plane P4, located on either side of the plane P4 and containing the reduced section 46A, the two boundary lines 70 each being tangent to at least one holes 44 of the reduced section 46A.
- Each boundary line 70 is therefore located between the reduced section 46A and the front face 62 of the neighboring arc guards 6 .
- the holes 44 of the reduced section 46A are all aligned and have the same diameter, thus the boundary lines 70 are tangent to all the holes 44 of the reduced section 46A.
- a distance L8 is defined between this arc guard 6 and the reduced section 46A located opposite as being a distance, measured parallel to the axis A2, between the front face 62 of this arc guard 6 and the closest to the boundary lines 70 of the reduced section 46A opposite.
- Each arc guard 6 is advantageously assembled to the fuse blade 4 by gluing.
- a layer of adhesive 72 is interposed between the internal face 66 and the face of the fuse blade 4 located opposite, so as to fix this arc arrester 6 on the fuse blade 4
- each arc arrester 6 is bonded to the fuse blade 4.
- each internal face 66 is preferably flat.
- Each layer of adhesive 72 is preferably a thin layer, that is to say having a thickness of between 10 ⁇ m and 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.1 mm.
- Each layer of adhesive 72 is preferably uniform, that is to say that the layer of adhesive 72 has a constant thickness over the entire internal face 66.
- the layer of adhesive 72 is applied directly to the fuse blade 4, the arc arrester 6 then being positioned on the fuse blade 4 and then placed to rest while being kept immobile to allow the adhesive time to harden. .
- the inner face 66 of an arc guard 6 is pre-glued, that is to say that the adhesive layer 72 is applied directly to the inner face 66 of an arc guard 6.
- the pre-glued arc 6 is then positioned on the fusible link 4 then set to rest while being held still, for example by means of a device such as a holding clamp, to allow the adhesive time to harden.
- the holding clamp is not shown.
- the attachment of the arc arrester 6 to the surface of the fuse blade 4 can be instantaneous.
- instantaneous it is meant that the curing of the adhesive layer 72 takes only a few seconds, for example less than 10 seconds, which is very short compared to the cure time of an uncured silicone material.
- the adhesive layer 72 is applied for example by spraying.
- the adhesive layer 72 is a so-called “double-sided” adhesive, that is to say that the adhesive layer comprises a substrate such as a sheet, made of paper or insulating polymer, having two faces coated with a respective adhesive film.
- double-sided adhesive tape allows easy assembly of fuse 2.
- a fuse 2 heats up because of the electric current which passes through it, and this fuse 2 can have a temperature greater than 100° C., for example between 150° C. and 200° C., and this during several months or even years.
- the adhesive used to fix the arc arresters 6 to the fuse link 4 is selected to withstand these operating conditions. On the other hand, when the fuse 2 melts and an electric arc appears, the adhesive may be exposed to an electric arc. The adhesive is selected not to cause an exothermic reaction when subjected to an electric arc.
- the adhesive is an inorganic adhesive, such as a silicone adhesive, or an organic adhesive, such as a cyanoacrylate adhesive, an epoxy adhesive, or even a vinyl adhesive, or acrylic , or aliphatic, or polyurethane, or neoprene, etc.
- an inorganic adhesive such as a silicone adhesive
- an organic adhesive such as a cyanoacrylate adhesive, an epoxy adhesive, or even a vinyl adhesive, or acrylic , or aliphatic, or polyurethane, or neoprene, etc.
- surface activation may be necessary, for example on the internal face 66 of the arc guards 6.
- the fuse 2 comprises perforations 80, provided in the fuse blade 4 on each side of the reduced section 46A, in other words on either side of the transverse plane P4.
- the perforations 80 are covered by the arc arresters 6, that is to say that as long as the fuse 2 has not melted, the perforations 80 are completely closed, in the direction of the axis A4, by the internal faces 66 of the arc guards 6.
- the internal faces 66 of the arc guards 6 of each pair 60 are not, however, in contact with each other, so as not to obstruct, in the direction of the longitudinal axis A2, the corresponding perforation 80.
- Each perforation 80 thus provides a cavity between the two arch guards 6 of the same pair 60.
- the same fuse link 4 is represented on the inserts a) and b) of FIG. 4, the insert b) representing a section of the fuse link 4 of the insert a) along a cutting plane 4b on the insert a ).
- the two arc arresters 6 of a pair 60 create between them a confinement zone, which channels the ionic species generated by the arc as the arc progresses.
- the progression of the electric arc is thus channeled in a preferential direction, which is here parallel to the axis A2 while moving away from the reduced section 46A.
- the progression of the arc thus channeled is faster than in the absence of arc arrester 6, as is the case in the state of the art.
- the arc grows faster, the arc voltage the arc also grows faster, and the moment of extinction of the arc is reached faster. Thanks to the arc guards 6, the cut-off time of the fuse blade 4 is shorter. In other words, the breaking of a fuse 2 comprising arc arresters 6 on either side of the reduced sections 46A has a faster breaking.
- the perforations 80 reduce the quantity of material to be melted during the progression of the electric arc, once the arc reaches the front face 62 of the arc guards 6. The progression of the arc is thus faster than in the absence of perforations 80, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
- the perforations 80 are not obstructed, in the direction parallel to the axis A2 of the fuse 2, by the arc guards 6, so as not to hinder the progression of the electric arc.
- the speed of progression of the arc is not notably influenced by the arc guards 6, that is to say that the progression speed of the arc is similar to what happens in the absence of arc arresters. If the arc guards 6 are too far from the reduced section 46A, the effect of the arc guards 6 is unnecessarily delayed.
- the distance L8 between the arc guards 6 and the boundary line 70 of the reduced section is between 1 mm and 15 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 10 mm, more preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm. A distance L8 equal to 6 mm gives good results.
- each arch guard 6 has a thickness L7 greater than 0.2 mm, of preferably greater than 0.5 mm, more preferably greater than 1 mm.
- a thickness L7 equal to 2 mm gives good results.
- the thickness L7 is not limited, except for example for practical reasons of space, in particular during the assembly of the fuse 2.
- the thickness L7 is less than 20 mm, preferably less than 10 mm, more preferably less than 5 mm.
- each arc guard 6 has a length L6 greater than 5 mm, preferably greater than 7 mm.
- the length L6 is not limited, except for example for practical reasons of space.
- the length L6 is less than 30 mm, preferably less than 25 mm, more preferably less than 20 mm.
- the hardness of the elastic material of the arc arresters 6 has a non-negligible influence on the reduction of the cut-off time of the fuses 2.
- the elastic material of the arc arresters 6 has a hardness evaluated on a so-called Shore-A scale, which goes from 0 for very soft material to 100 for very hard material.
- a hardness greater than 40 is preferred.
- an arch guard 6 made of a material that is too hard does not perform well either.
- the material of the arc guards 6 is thus chosen with a Shore-A hardness of less than 90.
- the arc guards 6 are subjected to temperatures which can exceed 100° C or 150°C, is that elastomers tend to harden as they age.
- the material of the arc guards 6 is thus chosen so that its Shore-A hardness remains below 90 even after ageing.
- the Shore-A hardness of the new material of the arc arresters 6 is preferably chosen to be less than 70.
- the arc guards 6 are made of a material having a hardness, measured on a Shore-A scale, of between 20 and 90, preferably between 40 and 70.
- the state of mechanical compression of the arc arresters 6 has a positive influence on reducing the cut-off time of the fuses 2.
- the arc arresters 6 are slightly compressed in one direction parallel to the axis A4, that is to say a direction orthogonal to the main faces of the fuse blade 4 at the place where these arc guards 6 are located.
- each arc arrester 6 is compressed and has a thickness L7 less than 99% of the thickness L7 of this same arc guard 6 when this arc guard 6 is not subjected to any external constraint, preferably less than 98%, more preferably less than 95%.
- the compression of the arch guards 6 of the same pair is done by means of specific devices, such as compression pliers, and/or by means of the reinforcement 48 when it is present, for example by means of wedges 58.
- Compression pliers are not shown. When holding clamps are used during assembly to immobilize the arch guards 6 and allow the adhesive time to harden, these holding clamps also advantageously serve as compression clamps and are left in place on the arch guards 6 once the adhesive layer 72 has hardened.
- the perforations 80 each have an elongated shape and are arranged along their length parallel to the axis A2 of the fuse 2, in other words parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fuse blade 4.
- the elongated perforations 80 provide channels, parallel to the longitudinal axis A2, which promote the progression of the electric arc.
- each perforation 80 has a length, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2, substantially equal to the length L6 of the arc guards 6 which block this perforation 80.
- the perforations 80 provided on one side of the transverse plane P4 are preferably symmetrical to the perforations 80 provided on the other side of the transverse plane P4.
- the perforations 80 located on the same side of the transverse plane P4 form a group of perforations 80.
- the perforations 80 of the same group are thus completely closed off by the internal faces 66 of the two arch guards 6 of the same pair 60.
- each group of perforations 80 comprises three perforations 80, this number not being limiting.
- each group of perforations 80 comprises a single perforation 80, or else two, or even four or more.
- the perforations 80 of the same group are preferably arranged in rows, that is to say aligned with each other in a direction transverse to the fuse link 4, in other words in a direction orthogonal to the axis A2 .
- the perforations 80 have a rectangular section.
- the perforations 80 have an oval shape or even an ellipse or even a diamond shape or more generally have an oblong shape.
- the shape of the perforations 80 depends in particular on the method of manufacture of the perforations 80, the perforations 80 being, in a non-limiting manner, produced by stamping, laser cutting or electro-erosion.
- the perforations 80 of the same group preferably each have the same shape.
- the passage of this group of perforations 80 increases.
- the object of the perforations 80 is not to promote, in the event of overcurrent, the departure of the electric arc in the event of overcurrent, but to provide passages favoring the progression of the arc once the arc reaches the arc guards 6.
- the surface section of a group of perforations 80 is five times greater, preferably ten times greater, than the smallest surface section among the surface sections reduced sections 46 or 46A provided on this fuse blade 4.
- the perforations 80 of the same group are preferably regularly spaced along the transverse direction of the fuse blade 4, to avoid locally weakening the material of the fuse blade 4 or avoid creating a hot spot when the current flows in the fuse blade 4.
- a fuse link 4 and arc arresters 6 in accordance with second and third embodiments of the invention are represented respectively in FIGS. 5 and 6, while a fuse link 4 and arc arresters 6 in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention are shown in Figures 9 and 10.
- the elements similar to those of the first embodiment bear the same references and operate in the same way. In what follows, the differences between each embodiment and the previous one or more are mainly described.
- Each perforation 80 extends parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2, beyond the rear face 64 of the arc guards 6 neighbors.
- Each perforation 80 thus comprises a rear portion, located on the side opposite the reduced section 46A, which protrudes from the rear face 64 and forms a rear vent 82, through which the perforation 80 emerges.
- the rear vents 82 allow the products generated by the arc to be evacuated more quickly, in particular molten metal or other ionized species.
- the rapid elimination of these products destabilizes the arc, which leads to a reduction in the time required to achieve total interruption of the current.
- a length L82 is defined as being a length, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2, between one end of this perforation 80 furthest from the reduced section 46A and rear face 64 of the arc arrester 6 neighbor.
- the length L82 thus represents a length of a rear vent 82.
- the length L82 is between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 8 mm, more preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm.
- the perforations 80 of the same group are partially closed off by the internal faces 66 of the two arc guards 6 of the same pair 60.
- FIG. 6 One of the main differences of the third embodiment, represented in FIG. 6, with the second embodiment is that the perforations 80 protrude from the arc guards 6 on the side facing the reduced section 46A.
- the same fuse link 4 is represented on the inserts a) and b) of FIG. 6, the insert b) representing a section of the fuse link 4 of the insert a) along a cutting plane 6b on the insert a ).
- Each perforation 80 extends parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2, beyond the front face 62 of the arc guards 6.
- Each perforation 80 thus comprises a front portion, located on the side of the reduced section 46A, which protrudes of the front face 62 and forms a front vent 84, through which the perforation 80 emerges.
- the perforations 80 of the same row are partially closed off by the internal faces 66 of the two of the same pair 60.
- the front vents 84 make it possible to evacuate part of the molten metal and/or other ionized products generated by the arc in the vicinity of the section reduced 46A, the cavity V20 being filled with sand. These ionized products thus no longer favor the maintenance of the arc.
- a length L84 is defined as being a length, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2, between one end of this perforation 80 closest to the reduced section 46A and front face 62 of the arc arrester 6 neighbor.
- the length L84 thus represents a length of one of the front vents 84.
- the length L84 is between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 and 3 mm.
- FIG. 7 represents a graph 700, illustrating the evolution of an electric current passing through a fuse blade 4 comprising a reduced section 46A for different fuse blades 4 having different characteristics.
- the performance of a fuse 2 is in particular evaluated by a cut-off time, which is a time necessary for the electric current to be canceled once the melting of the reduced section 46A begins.
- Curve 99 illustrates the evolution of the current in the case where the fuse blade 4 does not include an arc arrester in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A. An electric arc appears at a time to. The current is zero at an instant t ⁇ . The cut-off time is equal to t ⁇ -h.
- Curve 100 illustrates the evolution of the current in a case where fuse blade 4 comprises arc arresters 6 but no perforation 80 as described previously.
- Two pairs 60 of arc guards 6 are arranged on either side of the reduced section 46A.
- the current is zero at an instant tm-
- the breaking time of a fuse blade 4 comprising arc arresters 6, equal to two-to, is approximately 40% less than the breaking time of a fuse blade 4 without arc arrester bow.
- the curve 200 illustrates the evolution of the current in a case where the fuse blade 4 comprises arc arresters 6 in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention described above, that is to say that perforations 80 are provided in the fuse link 4 between the arc arresters 6 of the same pair 60.
- the current is zero at a time t2oo-
- the breaking time of a fuse link 4 comprising arc arresters 6 with perforations, equal to t 2 oo-to, is approximately 45% less than the breaking time of a fuse blade 4 without arc arrester.
- the curve 300 illustrates the evolution of the current in a case where the fuse blade 4 comprises arc arresters 6 in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention described above, that is to say that the perforations 80 protrude from the arc arresters. -arcs 6 on the side opposite the reduced section 46A.
- the current is zero at a time t3oo ⁇
- the breaking time of a fuse blade 4 comprising arc arresters 6 with perforations and rear vents 82, equal to t 3 oo- to, is approximately 50% less than the breaking time. breaking of a fuse blade 4 without arc arrester.
- the curve 400 illustrates the evolution of the current in a case where the fuse blade 4 comprises arc arresters 6 in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention described above, that is to say that the perforations 80 protrude from the arc arresters. -arcs 6 both on the side of the reduced section 46A and on the side opposite to the reduced section 46A.
- the current is zero at a time t4oo
- the breaking time of a fuse blade 4 comprising arc arresters 6 with perforations 80 and front 84 and rear 82 vents, equal to t 4 oo - to, is approximately 60% less than the breaking time of a fuse blade 4 without arc arrester.
- FIG. 7 presents an aspect of the improvement in performance, measured by the reduction in the cut-off time, of the fuses 2 in accordance with the invention, compared with the fuses according to the prior art, with or without arc arresters 6.
- perforations 80 are provided on each side of the reduced section 46A.
- one or more perforations 80 are provided on a single side of the reduced section 46A, in the vicinity of this reduced section 46A, at least one perforation 80 also contributing to the extinction of the electric arc
- the perforations 80 and the arc arresters 6 are arranged only on either side of the reduced section 46A located in the middle of a fuse link 4 in order to explain the invention.
- the fuse link 4 comprises reduced sections 46 other than the reduced section 46A
- other perforations, of the type of perforations 80, as well as other arc guards, of the type of arc guards 6, can if necessary be arranged in the vicinity of these reduced sections 46.
- the perforations 80 are separated from each other by two, or even more, reduced sections of the type of reduced sections 46 and/or 46A.
- the perforations 80 and the arc guards 6 have shapes with precise dimensions, these dimensions being able to change in particular according to the dimensioning and the rating of the fuse 2, the size of the holes 44 of the reduced section 46A.
- the method of manufacturing the fuse 2, described in particular with the aid of FIG. 8, thus comprises a step 800 consisting in providing in the fuse blade 4 at least one perforation 80 in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A, on one side of the transverse plane P4.
- the method comprises a step 802 consisting in assembling two arc arresters 6 of the same pair 60 on a respective main face of the fuse blade 4 in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A, so that the perforations 80 are at least in part closed by the arc guards 6.
- the perforations 80 have a length greater than the length L6 of the arc guards 6, front 84 and/or rear 82 vents are made.
- the manufacturing method comprises a step 804, prior to the assembly step 802, consisting in manufacturing the two arc guards 6 of the first pair 60, the arc guards 6 being made of a preformed elastic material, in particular a crosslinked elastomer such as silicone, and each having a flat internal face 66 .
- the arc guards 6 are for example manufactured by molding, the inner face 66 being optionally ground by machining.
- a calibrated strip of elastic material is manufactured, for example by calendering, having a width equal to the width of the fuse strip 4 on which the arc arresters 6 are intended to be glued, the calibrated strip having a thickness equal to the thickness L7 of the arch guards 6.
- the arch guards 6 are then cut from this calibrated strip.
- One or more of the faces of the arc guards 6 can be machined to correct their geometry, in particular the inner face 66, which is preferably flat to promote adhesion of the adhesive layer 72, and the front face 62, oriented to the reduced section 46A.
- a layer of adhesive 72 is interposed between the inner face 66 of each arc guard 6 and a respective main face of the fuse link 4, then the arc guards 6 are placed on the fuse blade in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A.
- the arc guards 6 are located on the same side of the transverse plane P4, the front faces 62 of the arc guards 6 being oriented towards the reduced section 46A, so that the distance L8 between the front face 62 of each arc guard 6 and the nearest border line 70 is between 1 mm and 15 mm.
- the fourth embodiment of the fuse link 4 and of the arc arresters 6, represented in FIGS. 9 and 10, resembles the third embodiment in that the perforations 80, made in the vicinity of the reduced section 46A, protrude from the faces front 62 and rear 64 of the arc guards 6, to respectively form front 84 and rear 82 vents.
- Each of the perforations 80 is at least partially closed off by the internal faces 66 of the two arc guards 6 of the same pair 60, each perforation 80 providing a cavity between the two arc guards 6 of the same pair 60.
- the arc guards 6 of the fourth mode are made of an elastic material, here silicone, are associated by pair 60 and are fixed to the fuse link 4 by means of a layer of adhesive 72, which is interposed between the fuse link 4 and an internal face 66 of each arc arrester 6 of the corresponding pair 60.
- the perforations 80 are in the form of an elongated ellipse, which extend in their length parallel to the longitudinal axis A2 of the fuse 2.
- the fuse blade 4 here has folds 86 at the level of the front 62 and rear 64 faces of the arc guards 6.
- the folds 86 are located in a plane parallel to the transverse plane P4.
- the front 84 and rear 82 vents extend over these folds 86.
- the front vents 84 are oriented towards the reduced section 46A.
- the rear vents 82 of each pair 60 of arc guards 6 are oriented towards a respective reduced section 46. According to the naming conventions used in this description, the rear vents 82, vis-à-vis the reduced section 46A, are therefore front vents vis-à-vis one of the reduced sections 46.
- Such a fuse link 4 structure, comprising folds 86, allows a more compact structure compared to a fuse link 4 without folds.
- the arc guards 6 are made of elastic material, in particular an elastomeric material such as silicone.
- the arch guards 6 comprise mineral and/or organic particles, which are added to the elastic material in the form of powder and/or fibers. These particles serve to adjust the properties of the material of the arc guards 6, for example serve to adjust the Shore hardness of the material, and/or serve as mechanical reinforcement.
- the material of the arc guards 6 is then a reinforced material, also called a composite material, comprising a matrix made of an elastic material, in particular made of an elastomeric material such as silicone.
- a material without added particles is called “raw material”.
- the arch guards are made of a foamed elastic material, that is to say a material containing gas bubbles and having an average porosity greater than 50%, preferably greater than 60%, preferably still greater than 70%.
- the average porosity is defined, for a given part, as the fraction of the volume of the gas bubbles contained in this part over the total volume of this part.
- the arc guards 6 consist of several layers of materials stacked on top of each other. At least one of the layers is made of an elastic material as described above, in particular an elastomeric material such as silicone. According to examples, these layers have distinct characteristics, in particular distinct hardness characteristics, and these layers of materials are advantageously assembled together by bonding.
- the characteristics of the fuse links 4 and of the arc arresters 6 according to the invention, and in particular the structural characteristics of the arc arresters and their method of manufacture can be implemented independently of the body 20 comprising an armature 48 described below. above and could be implemented in a conventional fuse body.
- the perforations 80 can be used independently of the reinforcement 48.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2008037A FR3113179B1 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2020-07-29 | Fuse and associated method of manufacture |
PCT/EP2021/071214 WO2022023448A1 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2021-07-28 | Fuse and associated manufacturing process |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP4189718A1 true EP4189718A1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
EP4189718C0 EP4189718C0 (en) | 2024-04-24 |
EP4189718B1 EP4189718B1 (en) | 2024-04-24 |
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ID=73497901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP21751808.3A Active EP4189718B1 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2021-07-28 | Fuse and associated manufacturing process |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20230274903A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4189718B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2023535796A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20230043214A (en) |
CN (1) | CN112331540A (en) |
CA (1) | CA3187102A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3113179B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2023001115A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022023448A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2892061A (en) * | 1958-07-24 | 1959-06-23 | Chase Shawmut Co | Fuses with fulgurite suppressing means |
US3238333A (en) * | 1961-12-12 | 1966-03-01 | Chase Shawmut Co | Fuse structures with pin-mounted blade contacts |
JPS5364746A (en) * | 1976-11-22 | 1978-06-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Fuse |
JPS5546990Y2 (en) * | 1977-05-10 | 1980-11-05 | ||
US5252942A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1993-10-12 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Fuse links and dual element fuse |
US5596306A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-01-21 | Littelfuse, Inc. | Form fitting arc barrier for fuse links |
US6160471A (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 2000-12-12 | Littlelfuse, Inc. | Fusible link with non-mechanically linked tab description |
US9620322B2 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2017-04-11 | Mersen Usa Newburyport-Ma, Llc | Arc suppressor for fusible elements |
CN105047497B (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2018-02-13 | 武汉标迪电子科技有限公司 | Batteries of electric automobile group single battery core protection fuse |
US20170345605A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | Cooper Technologies Company | Fuse element assembly and method of fabricating the same |
-
2020
- 2020-07-29 FR FR2008037A patent/FR3113179B1/en active Active
- 2020-12-03 CN CN202011408578.2A patent/CN112331540A/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-07-28 MX MX2023001115A patent/MX2023001115A/en unknown
- 2021-07-28 JP JP2023505773A patent/JP2023535796A/en active Pending
- 2021-07-28 US US18/006,816 patent/US20230274903A1/en active Pending
- 2021-07-28 CA CA3187102A patent/CA3187102A1/en active Pending
- 2021-07-28 KR KR1020237007316A patent/KR20230043214A/en unknown
- 2021-07-28 WO PCT/EP2021/071214 patent/WO2022023448A1/en active Application Filing
- 2021-07-28 EP EP21751808.3A patent/EP4189718B1/en active Active
Also Published As
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JP2023535796A (en) | 2023-08-21 |
CA3187102A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
US20230274903A1 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
KR20230043214A (en) | 2023-03-30 |
FR3113179B1 (en) | 2023-05-12 |
CN112331540A (en) | 2021-02-05 |
FR3113179A1 (en) | 2022-02-04 |
MX2023001115A (en) | 2023-02-22 |
EP4189718C0 (en) | 2024-04-24 |
WO2022023448A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
EP4189718B1 (en) | 2024-04-24 |
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