EP4186041A1 - Capteur et procédé de vérification de documents de valeur, en particulier de billets de banque, et appareil de traitement de documents de valeur - Google Patents

Capteur et procédé de vérification de documents de valeur, en particulier de billets de banque, et appareil de traitement de documents de valeur

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Publication number
EP4186041A1
EP4186041A1 EP21740426.8A EP21740426A EP4186041A1 EP 4186041 A1 EP4186041 A1 EP 4186041A1 EP 21740426 A EP21740426 A EP 21740426A EP 4186041 A1 EP4186041 A1 EP 4186041A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
feature
substrate
value
vector
spectral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP21740426.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4186041B1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Rauscher
Wolfgang Deckenbach
Julia DANHOF
Thomas Happ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4186041A1 publication Critical patent/EP4186041A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4186041B1 publication Critical patent/EP4186041B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/2008—Testing patterns thereon using pre-processing, e.g. de-blurring, averaging, normalisation or rotation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/2016—Testing patterns thereon using feature extraction, e.g. segmentation, edge detection or Hough-transformation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
    • G07D7/205—Matching spectral properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor and a method for checking value documents, in particular banknotes, and a value document processing device.
  • luminescent features can be provided with so-called luminescent features, among other things, by incorporating or applying luminescent substances in or on a document of value, which are mechanically detected with sensors and their presence and/or properties can be used to check authenticity.
  • a luminescent feature can be provided in the substrate, which is usually formed by paper or a film, of a document of value, which provides a signal in at least two spectral detection channels of a sensor.
  • a further luminescence feature can be locally limited, in particular by printing the substrate, which supplies a signal in the same spectral detection channels, but usually with other spectral intensity ratios.
  • the spectral properties of the ver used luminescent materials may vary in different production batches in non-negligible manner. It is also possible that the spectral sensitivity varies from sensor to sensor and/or within a nes sensor, for example from measuring point to measuring point and/or track to track, varies. A reliable authenticity check can therefore not always be guaranteed.
  • a sensor for checking documents of value in particular banknotes, which each have a luminescent sheet-like substrate (e.g. a substrate luminescent over the entire surface) and a luminescent feature applied (e.g.
  • a detection device which is set up to detect luminescence radiation emitted by a document of value to be checked in a spatially resolved manner in at least two different spectral ranges, with a large number of measuring points being obtained, each of which is assigned a spectral vector which contains at least two intensity values which indicate the intensity characterize the luminescence radiation detected at the respective measurement point in the at least two spectral ranges
  • an evaluation device which is set up to a) from the spectral vectors using a predetermined substrate base vector and a predetermined feature base vector for a plurality of measurement points to determine a substrate intensity value and a feature intensity value, wherein the substrate base vector and the feature base vector each contain at least two intensity values, which characterize the expected intensity of the luminescence radiation emitted by the substrate or feature in the at least two spectral ranges, and b) to determine a pure substrate mask based on the substrate intensity values and feature intensity values, which contains those, in particular only those, measurement points which
  • a document of value to be checked in a method for checking documents of value, in particular banknotes, which each have a luminescent sheet-like substrate and a luminescent feature applied (e.g. printed) on a partial area of the substrate, luminescence radiation emitted by a document of value to be checked is at least two different spectral ranges are recorded in a spatially resolved manner, with a large number of measurement points being obtained, each of which is assigned a spectral vector which contains at least two intensity values which characterize the intensity of the luminescence radiation recorded at the respective measurement point in the at least two spectral ranges.
  • the method also carries out the following steps: a) a substrate intensity value and a feature intensity value are determined from the spectral vectors using a specified substrate base vector and a specified feature base vector for a large number of measurement points, with the substrate base vector and the feature base vector each contain at least two intensity values which characterize the expected intensity of the luminescence radiation emitted by the substrate or feature in the at least two spectral ranges, b) based on the substrate intensity values and feature intensity values, a pure substrate mask is determined which contains those, in particular only such, measurement points which correspond to locations on the document of value that lie outside the feature, and cl) from the spectral vectors of the measurement points contained in the pure substrate mask, an average substrate vector is determined which at least contains two intensity values, each of which is obtained by summarizing, in particular by averaging or quantile formation, the intensity values contained in the spectral vectors for each of the at least two spectral ranges, and i) for a large number of measurement points, a corrected feature intensity value and
  • a value document processing device for processing, in particular checking and/or counting and/or sorting and/or destroying, of value documents, in particular banknotes, has a sensor according to the first aspect of the invention and a transport device, which is set up to convey a document of value towards the sensor and/or past the sensor and/or away from the sensor.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product, comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the latter to execute the method according to the second aspect.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method according to the second aspect.
  • aspects of the invention are preferably based on the approach of determining a substrate intensity value and a feature intensity value for a large number of measurement points from the spectral vectors obtained during the detection of the luminescence radiation using a specified substrate base vector and a specified feature base vector and on the basis of the determined substrate and feature intensity values to determine a pure substrate mask which (only) contains those measurement points which reliably lie outside the applied feature and in particular not in the area of the edge of the document of value or on the edge of the feature.
  • the pure substrate mask contains, for example, only those measuring points of the document of value whose substrate intensity value is greater than or equal to a first threshold.
  • an average substrate vector is determined from the spectral vectors of the measuring points contained in the pure substrate mask, in that the intensity values of these spectral vectors for each of the at least two spectral ranges are determined, in particular by (spatial) averaging or (spatial) quantile Education, can each be summarized to form an intensity value.
  • the average substrate vector obtained in this way reproduces the luminescence properties of the substrate, in particular the intensity values in the at least two spectral ranges and/or the spectral composition of the luminescence radiation, with greater accuracy and reliability.
  • a corrected feature intensity value and/or a corrected substrate intensity value with higher accuracy or reliability can be determined for a large number of measurement points can be determined from the spectral vectors.
  • the mean substrate vector or a vector derived therefrom is preferably used instead of the originally predetermined substrate base vector.
  • a mean feature vector or a vector derived from it, for example by normalization can also be used instead of the originally specified feature base vector.
  • the corrected feature intensity values and/or corrected substrate intensity values obtained in this way can then be used in the check, in particular the authenticity check, of the document of value.
  • a spectral signature of the substrate and/or a spectral signature of the feature can be determined, by which a spectral composition of the luminescence radiation emitted by the substrate or the feature is characterized.
  • the spectral signature of the substrate is preferably given by the mean substrate vector itself, a vector derived therefrom, for example by normalization, or a scalar signature value calculated therefrom.
  • the spectral signature of the feature is preferably given by a mean feature vector, a vector derived therefrom, for example by normalization, or a scalar value calculated therefrom. The spectral signature of the substrate or feature obtained in this way can then be used to check, in particular to check the authenticity of, the document of value.
  • a temporal behavior of the luminescence radiation emitted by the substrate and/or feature is determined using measuring points contained in the pure substrate mask.
  • the luminescence of the document of value is excited at each measuring point by means of electromagnetic radiation, in particular by an electromagnetic excitation pulse.
  • the luminescence radiation is recorded for a large number of measurement points at two or more points in time, with the respective measurement point being assigned two or more intensity values which characterize the intensity of the luminescence radiation recorded at the two or more points in time at the respective measurement point.
  • the luminescent radiation emitted by the document of value to be checked is recorded in a time-resolved manner at the measurement points on the document of value in one or more of the spectral ranges.
  • the intensity values can be the intensity values obtained in a specific one of the spectral ranges or intensity values combined from two or more of the spectral ranges.
  • substrate values of the measuring points contained in the pure substrate mask obtained for one of the points in time can be combined - e.g. by spatial averaging - to form an average substrate value and the document of value can be checked using the average substrate values of the different points in time, in particular with regard to authenticity.
  • the behavior over time of the luminescence radiation emitted by the substrate is determined using the average substrate values at the different points in time, and the document of value is checked using a characteristic luminescence time constant of the substrate, which is determined from the determined behavior over time.
  • a background Based on the luminescence radiation emitted by a value document to be checked and recorded in a time-resolved manner at the measurement points or the corresponding intensity values obtained from the measurement points contained in the pure substrate mask, a background can be determined which is derived from the luminescence radiation emanating from the feature and recorded in a time-resolved manner or from the characteristic values is subtracted.
  • the background-corrected feature values of the measuring points contained in the feature mask obtained for one of the points in time can be combined - e authenticity to be checked.
  • the temporal behavior of the luminescence radiation emitted by the feature determined and the document of value checked using a characteristic luminescence time constant of the feature, which is determined from the determined behavior over time.
  • those intensity values or substrate values or the background-corrected characteristic values of different measuring points for one of the points in time are summarized that at the same point in time relative to the respective Luminescent excitation can be detected at the respective measuring point, for example at a specific point in time after the end of the electromagnetic excitation pulse irradiated for the respective measuring point.
  • the course over time, in particular in the form of decay curves, of the luminescent radiation emitted by the substrate and feature alone can be determined and used in the check, in particular the authenticity check, of the document of value.
  • this achieves a more precise determination of the luminescence intensities, the spectral signature or the decay behavior of the substrate or feature, so that more reliable checking of documents of value, in particular banknotes, is made possible.
  • a substrate in sheet form within the meaning of the present disclosure can be, for example, paper, a foil or a so-called hybrid paper composed of different materials.
  • the substrate is preferably provided with a luminescent feature, which is also referred to below as “substrate feature” or “paper feature” and when excited by means of electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV) Radiation, infrared (IR) radiation or visible light, luminescent radiation such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, infrared (IR) radiation or visible light emitted.
  • the excitation preferably takes place with visible or IR radiation, and the emission of the substrate feature is preferably in the IR spectral range.
  • the substrate feature can be present in the volume of the substrate or applied as a large-area coating.
  • the substrate feature does not necessarily have to be contained in the entire surface of the substrate. Rather, it is possible that parts of the substrate, such as windows or hologram foils (such as a so-called LEAD strip), have no measurable luminescence feature at all.
  • the feature applied to the substrate can be a feature printed on the substrate of the document of value, which has one or more luminescent substance or substances applied to a partial area of the substrate by means of a printing process, which, when excited by means of electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, infrared (IR) radiation or visible light, luminescent radiation such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, infrared (IR) radiation or visible light emitted.
  • electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, infrared (IR) radiation or visible light
  • luminescent radiation such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, infrared (IR) radiation or visible light emitted.
  • the feature applied to the substrate is applied to a partial area of the substrate, ie only in a spatially limited area of the substrate, so that in the remaining areas of the substrate only the luminescence of the substrate (of the substrate feature) corresponds to that detected by the detection device Luminescent radiation contributes.
  • the feature applied to the substrate is also referred to as “print feature” below.
  • the excitation preferably takes place with visible or IR radiation, and the emission of the print feature is preferably in the IR spectral range.
  • the detection device can be, for example, a spatially resolving detector, such as a line scan camera or a camera with a two-dimensional detector surface.
  • the spatially resolving detector can also be designed as a single-track sensor or multi-track sensor, which detects the luminescence radiation emitted by the document of value in a spatially resolved manner along one or more tracks, which together result in a one- or two-dimensional measurement data record.
  • the invention can also be applied to just one or individual lines or tracks of a measurement data set, in that an n-track sensor is interpreted as n 1-track sensors with different track positions. This can be an advantage if not only different feature batches but also track-by-track different batches in the sensor hardware have to be compensated.
  • the detection device preferably has at least two of the location-resolving detectors, by means of which the intensity of the detected luminescent radiation can be detected for each measuring point in at least two different spectral ranges or spectral channels.
  • spectral range and “spectral channel” are also used synonymously.
  • the intensities or intensity values of the luminescence radiation detected in the respective spectral channels are also referred to below as "channel intensities”.
  • the intensity spectra obtained for each measuring point are interpreted as spectral vectors whose components are given by the channel intensities
  • vector depending on the context - can be understood both in the narrower and in the broader sense. In the narrower sense, a vector can be an element a vector space or, in a broader sense, an n-tuple of real numbers with n > 2, where n corresponds to the number of spectral channels.
  • the expected paper feature and the expected print feature have different, ie linearly independent, reference intensity spectra. These reference intensity spectra can be interpreted as reference base vectors of the vector space of the spectral vectors.
  • the reference base vector of the paper feature is also referred to as the "substrate base vector” and the reference base vector of the print feature is also referred to as the "feature base vector”.
  • the above-mentioned calculation of the paper and print intensities, which in connection with the present disclosure are also referred to as "substrate intensity values" or “characteristic intensity values”, from the measured channel intensities can therefore be understood as a base transformation of the respectively measured spectral vector into the basis of the reference basis vectors.
  • the evaluation device is preferably set up to correct the specified substrate base vector using the average substrate vector, with a corrected substrate base vector being obtained, which is also referred to below as a "post-adapted base vector" for the substrate or paper feature.
  • a corrected substrate base vector is also referred to below as a "post-adapted base vector" for the substrate or paper feature.
  • it can additionally be provided to compare the mean substrate vector with the given substrate base vector on the basis of a given comparison criterion and to correct the given substrate base vector, in particular only then, using the mean substrate vector or to replace it with the mean substrate vector if the Comparison criterion is met, and/or to classify the document of value as a document of value to be rejected if the comparison criterion is not met
  • Comparison of the mean substrate vector with the specified substrate base vector represents a plausibility check, the existence of which is the prerequisite for a post-adaptation of the substrate base vector using the mean substrate vector. This ensures that the substrate base vector is improved or not deteriorated by post-adaptation
  • the evaluation device is preferably set up to use the feature intensity values to determine a feature mask which contains those measurement points, in particular only those measurement points, which correspond to locations on the feature.
  • the feature mask contains, for example, all measurement points whose feature intensity value is greater than or equal to a second threshold.
  • the evaluation device is set up to subtract the mean substrate vector from the spectral vectors of the measurement points contained in the feature mask, with background-corrected spectral vectors of the measurement points contained in the feature mask being obtained, and to determine a mean feature vector from the background-corrected spectral vectors of the measurement points contained in the feature mask, which contains at least two intensity values which are each obtained by combining, in particular by (spatial) averaging, the intensity values contained in the background-corrected spectral vectors for each of the at least two spectral ranges.
  • the mean feature vector obtained in this way gives the luminescence properties of the feature (applied to the substrate), in particular the intensity values in the at least two spectral ranges and/or the spectral composition of the luminescence radiation emitted by the feature with greater accuracy and reliability.
  • the evaluation device is preferably set up to correct the specified feature base vector using the mean feature vector or to replace the specified feature base vector with the mean feature vector, with a corrected feature base vector being obtained, which is also referred to below as a “post-adapted base vector " for the feature or print feature.
  • Post-adaptation improves the accuracy of the feature base vector, so that even more reliable results are achieved when corrected substrate and/or feature intensity values are recalculated using the post-adapted feature base vector be able.
  • the evaluation device is preferably set up to check the document of value, in particular with regard to authenticity, to compare the intensity values of the average substrate vector with one or more predefined substrate intensity values and/or to compare the intensity values of the average feature vector with one or more predefined feature intensity values to compare.
  • the evaluation device is preferably set up to determine the corrected substrate intensity values and corrected feature intensity values from the spectral vectors using the corrected substrate base vector and the, in particular corrected, feature base vector.
  • the corrected substrate intensity values and corrected feature intensity values for a large number of measuring points are determined preferably analogous to the calculation of the substrate and feature intensity values from the spectral vectors obtained when detecting the luminescence radiation, the corrected substrate base vector being used instead of the predetermined substrate base vector.
  • the corrected feature base vector can also be used instead of the specified feature base vector. In both cases, paper or print intensities are obtained with significantly higher reliability.
  • the evaluation device is preferably set up to check the document of value using the corrected substrate intensity values and/or corrected feature intensity values, in particular with regard to authenticity, in particular by using the corrected substrate intensity values of one or more measuring points or the corrected feature - Intensity values of one or more measurement points are compared with one or more specified substrate intensity values or one or more specified feature intensity values.
  • the evaluation device can also preferably be set up to determine a, in particular scalar, signature value of the substrate from the at least two intensity values of the mean substrate vector when determining the spectral signature of the substrate and/or when determining the spectral signature of the feature in particular scalar, to determine the signature value of the feature from the at least two intensity values of the mean feature vector.
  • a, in particular scalar signature value of the substrate from the at least two intensity values of the mean substrate vector when determining the spectral signature of the substrate and/or when determining the spectral signature of the feature in particular scalar, to determine the signature value of the feature from the at least two intensity values of the mean feature vector.
  • Signature value the spectral form of the measured luminescence radiation independent of its absolute intensity.
  • the value document can then be checked using the signature value of the substrate and/or the signature value of the feature, in particular with regard to authenticity, in particular by comparing the signature value of the substrate and/or the signature value of the feature with a predetermined comparison value of the substrate or predetermined comparison value of the feature is compared.
  • a genuine document of value can be distinguished from a forged document of value much more reliably.
  • the document of value when checking the document of value, it can be checked whether the at least two intensity values of the average substrate vector, in particular all, are above a threshold value, and/or whether the at least two intensity values of the average feature vector, in particular all, are above one (the same or another ) threshold.
  • it can be checked whether the spectral signature, especially the signature value, of the feature and the spectral signature, especially the signature value, of the substrate are different from one another.
  • the value document can only be assigned the test result "genuine" if all intensity values of the middle substrate vector and all intensity values of the middle feature vector are above a threshold value and the signature value of the feature and the signature value of the substrate are different from one another.
  • this can then be the case the specification of the reference signature values mentioned above is dispensed with.
  • the evaluation device is preferably set up to combine the intensity values of the measurement points contained in the pure substrate mask obtained for one of the points in time into an average substrate value, in particular by (spatial) averaging, with an average substrate value being obtained for each of the points in time.
  • a mean substrate value for this spectral channel can be determined for each of several spectral channels, or several spectral channels can be combined, for example by averaging.
  • the behavior over time, in particular in the form of a (possibly spectrally resolved) decay curve, which is also referred to as "paper decay curve” or “mean paper decay curve” in connection with the present disclosure, of the substrate determine with greater reliability.
  • the evaluation device for determining the temporal behavior of the luminescence radiation emitted by the feature is set up to determine a background value, in particular, based on the intensity values obtained for one of the points in time of the measuring points contained in the pure substrate mask, in particular for a plurality of spectral channels by forming quantiles, where for each of the times and if necessary, several spectral channels each having a background value is obtained.
  • the evaluation device is also set up to subtract the background value obtained for this point in time and, if applicable, spectral channel from the intensity values of the measurement points contained in the feature mask obtained for one of the points in time in each case, with a corrected feature value for each of the points in time and spectral channels measurement points contained in the characteristic mask is obtained, and the corrected characteristic values of the measurement points contained in the characteristic mask, obtained for one of the points in time and spectral channels, are combined to form a mean corrected characteristic value, in particular by (spatial) averaging, whereby for each of the points in time and in particular, a mean corrected feature value is obtained for each of the spectral channels.
  • the background values obtained for the various points in time reflect the course over time of a background of the detected luminescence radiation and are therefore also referred to in connection with the present disclosure as a (possibly spectrally resolved) “background decay curve”.
  • the values obtained for the various points in time Mean corrected feature values of the measuring points contained in the feature mask reflect the (spatially) averaged temporal behavior of the luminescence radiation corrected with regard to the background over the measuring points in the area of the feature, which in connection with the present disclosure is also referred to as the "feature decay curve "or "pressure decay curve", which may be available for different spectral channels.
  • the evaluation device can be set up to combine the intensity values of the measurement points contained in the feature mask, obtained for one of the points in time and in particular for one of the spectral channels, into a mean substrate feature value, in particular by (spatial) averaging, with an average substrate feature value being obtained for each of the points in time and, if applicable, spectral channels.
  • the average substrate feature values obtained for the various points in time thus reflect the temporal behavior of the luminescence radiation detected in the area of the feature, ie emitted overall by the (print) feature and the underlying substrate, and are therefore also used in the context of the present disclosure referred to as (possibly spectrally resolved) "mean combined decay curve" for the paper and the (print) feature located thereon mean substrate feature values obtained (“mean combined decay curve”) are subtracted, with a mean feature value being obtained for each of the points in time and especially for each of the spectral channels.
  • the mean feature values obtained in this way at the various points in time thus represent a mean Decay curve for the pure (pressure) feature, ie without influences from the underlying substrate, which may be present for different spectral channels.
  • the average paper decay curve and/or the average decay curve of the pure (print) feature is used to check, in particular to check the authenticity of, the document of value.
  • several spectral channels can be drawn on individually or also combined, in particular averaged. Further preferred and/or alternative configurations and/or aspects of the invention are explained below. Even if these explanations relate to documents of value with a paper substrate, they apply correspondingly to documents of value with a substrate made of any material, such as plastic or hybrid paper. intensities
  • reference basic vectors for the paper and print feature are preferably stored in the sensor.
  • paper and print intensities are determined from the channel intensities in a first step by measuring point by solving linear (e.g. 2x2) equation systems. This corresponds to a basic transformation. Due to the batch-specific fluctuations in the luminescence spectra, this calculation is subject to inaccuracies, but it is sufficient to find areas of pure paper, i.e. areas that are not disturbed by pressure.
  • the stored reference base vectors can be, for example, base vectors that have been learned, i.e. based on a number of previous calculations (on adaptation patterns or real documents of value, in particular banknotes). ten) are based.
  • the sensor preferably learns average reference basis vectors for the paper (substrate) and the print feature track by track with regard to batch variations.
  • the paper-only mask is defined as all measurement points whose paper intensity is greater than or equal to a threshold and for which the print intensity of all measurement points in a neighborhood, e.g a 3x3 neighborhood, is below a second threshold.
  • determining a print mask as all measurement points whose print intensity is greater than or equal to a second threshold.
  • a filter eg a dilatation filter over 3x3 measurement points
  • the set of measurement points in the pure paper mask is also referred to as “pure paper area” and the set of measurement points in the print mask is also referred to as “feature print area”.
  • Post-adaptation of the basis vectors For each spectral channel, the measured values (intensity values) from the pure paper area are combined into one, e.g. by averaging. An average spectral vector results for the pure paper area, the average measured paper vector (average substrate vector).
  • Post-Adaptation of Paper Basis Vector Generating a post-adapted basis vector for the paper feature (corrected substrate basis vector) using the mean measured paper vector (mean substrate vector).
  • the mean measured paper vector can be used directly, or a vector of a different magnitude (eg normalized or maintaining other parameters) in the direction of the mean measured paper vector, or a (weighted) mean between the specified or stored reference base vector and the mean measured paper vector.
  • Other calculations and boundary conditions are also possible.
  • the previously stored reference base vector for the paper feature can be replaced by the post-adapted base vector or by offsetting the two vectors. This results in a learning effect and an ever better adaptation of the reference base vector to the paper feature that is actually present.
  • post-adaptation of the feature base vector eg the pressure base vector: generation of a post-adapted base vector for the pressure feature (corrected feature base vector) from the measured values from the feature print area.
  • the mean measured paper vector (mean substrate vector) is subtracted from the measured values for each measuring point from the feature print area in order to obtain background-corrected measured values (background-corrected spectral vectors).
  • the background-corrected measured values from the feature print area are combined into one value for each spectral channel, eg by averaging.
  • the result is a mean spectral vector for the pure print feature (mean feature vector) which—similar to post-adaptation of the paper base vector—can be used to calculate a post-adapted base vector for the print feature (corrected feature base vector). Learning of the stored base vector can also be implemented here.
  • Calculation of the paper and print intensities using the post-adapted basis vectors determination of the paper and print intensities from the channel intensities by measuring points (as in the first calculation) by solving linear (2x2) equation systems, only this time instead of the specified or stored reference -Base vectors of the substrate or feature, the post-adapted base vectors are used.
  • Spectral signature The following steps are preferably carried out to calculate the spectral paper and print signature:
  • Background subtraction subtracting the channel intensities of the paper background from the channel intensities in the print area and determining the spectral print signature (spectral signature of the feature) from the channel intensities obtained there.
  • the spectral paper signature preferably corresponds to the mean measured paper vector (mean substrate vector), which can be determined in the manner already described above.
  • the mean measured paper vector is preferably calculated in different ways depending on the expected bank note design. If one assumes that the paper intensity in the feature print area is similar to the paper intensity in the pure paper area, the mean measured paper vector can preferably be determined by channel-by-channel arithmetic averaging of the individual measurements (spectral vectors). However, if the paper intensity in the pure paper area is locally changed compared to the characteristic pressure area (e.g. due to absorbing or reflecting pressure in the relevant spectral range or due to watermarks or similar), a channel-by-channel quantile value (e.g. 80% quantile ) a better estimate than the channel-by-channel mean.
  • a channel-by-channel quantile value e.g. 80% quantile
  • a quantile or quantile value is a measure p of a sample between 0 and 1 or 0% and 100%, which divides the sample in such a way that a proportion of the sample of p is smaller than the empirical p-quantile and a proportion of 1 - p or 100% - p of the sample is greater than the p-quantile. For example, if a sample of intensity values per channel is given, the 80% quantile corresponds to that intensity value Ko for which 80% of the intensity values in the sample are smaller than the intensity value Ko and 20% are larger than the intensity value Ko.
  • Determination of the spectral pressure signature The average measured paper vector calculated as described above is subtracted from all measured spectral vectors in the feature pressure area. In this way, background-corrected spectral vectors for the feature print area are obtained. The background-corrected measured values from the feature print area obtained for each spectral channel are combined to form one value, for example by averaging, so that an average background-corrected spectral vector for the feature Pressure range results, which in the context of the present disclosure is also referred to as the mean measured pressure vector or mean feature vector.
  • This measure of the spectral signature, the signature value can then be compared with a reference value or with corresponding thresholds for the authenticity check.
  • the background subtraction method described above can preferably also be applied to a temporal series of measured values by applying it to the individual elements of the series.
  • the mean (or quantile value) of multiple series can be obtained by calculating the mean (or quantile value) of each item across the multiple series.
  • a paper decay curve (mean substrate values for the different points in time), esp. per spectral channel, from the decay curves of the measuring points of the pure paper area, eg by averaging.
  • An estimate for the background decay curve (background values for the different points in time), esp. per spectral channel, from the decay curves of the measuring points of the pure paper area, eg by quantile formation.
  • An estimate for the pressure decay curve (mean corrected feature values for the different points in time), esp. per spectral channel, e.g. Values can preferably be determined from the paper decay curve and/or the print decay curve, which characterize the decay behavior of the luminescent paper or print feature and can be compared, for example, with predetermined comparison values to check the document of value.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a value-document processing device with a sensor for checking value documents
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of intensity values of a luminescence radiation detected in two spectral channels KO (top) and KI (bottom) with spatial resolution
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of paper intensities (bottom) and printing intensities (top) determined from the intensity values shown in FIG. 2;
  • 4 shows an example of a paper mask (above) and a print mask (below); 5 shows an example of an extended print mask (above) and a pure paper mask (below); 6 shows an example of paper intensities (bottom) and printing intensities (top) which were determined from the intensity values shown in FIG. 2 using post-adapted base vectors;
  • FIG. 7 shows a first example of a scatter diagram to illustrate intensity values of the luminescence radiation detected in two spectral channels K0 and K1; 8 shows a second example of a scatter diagram to illustrate the determination of the spectral signature of the print feature; and
  • FIG. 9 examples of decay curves.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an example of a value document processing device 1 with an input device 9, for example a so-called input compartment, for receiving a stack 10 of value documents 2, in particular banknotes, which are individually withdrawn from the stack 10 by means of a separating device (not shown). conveyed by means of a transport device 4 along a transport path 6 who the.
  • the transport device 4 has transport belts, which are guided over several transport rollers 4a-4c, which are only shown schematically, and switches 5a-c.
  • a sensor for checking the documents of value 2 which has at least one detection device 3 which is set up to detect electromagnetic radiation emanating from a respective document of value 2 to be checked in a spatially resolved manner in at least two different spectral channels or spectral ranges.
  • the documents of value 2 each have a sheet-like substrate, which is usually formed by paper, a film or a so-called hybrid paper and which is provided with a luminescence feature over the entire surface, for example, so that it can be exposed, for example, by irradiation with a electromagnetic excitation radiation, can be stimulated to emit luminescent radiation.
  • a further luminescent feature is applied locally to a partial area of the substrate, in particular printed, which is also referred to as a "print feature" or “feature” and can also be stimulated to emit luminescent radiation.
  • an irradiation device 8 is provided, e.g. an IR light source, which is set up to irradiate the document of value 2 to be checked with electromagnetic excitation radiation, so that the
  • Substrate and the feature applied or printed thereon can be excited to emit sion of luminescent radiation.
  • the luminescence radiation detected in a spatially resolved manner by the detection device 3 thus supplies signals for each measuring point in the at least two different spectral channels, which represent a measure of the spectral intensities of the detected luminescence radiation.
  • different spectral intensity ratios are obtained for the region of the substrate without an applied or printed feature than for the region of the applied or printed feature.
  • the detection device 3 can be any type of sensor system for the spatially resolved detection of the light emitted by the document of value 2. nescence radiation in the visible and/or non-visible (e.g. ultraviolet and/or infrared) spectral range, such as a camera or a single-track or multi-track sensor.
  • further sensors such as ultrasonic, magnetic and/or capacitive sensors, can be provided in the value document processing device 1 for detecting further properties of the value documents 2 .
  • the document of value 2 is checked in an evaluation device 7 based on the spatially resolved luminescence radiation detected in at least two spectral ranges by the detection device 3 and/or properties detected using any other sensors, for example with regard to authenticity, soiling and/or condition, and depending on the result of the examination to one of several output subjects lla-d.
  • the points 5a-c are correspondingly controlled or actuated by the evaluation device 7 and/or a control device.
  • the evaluation device 7 is preferably designed as a computer and/or the evaluation device 7 has a processor for data processing and a memory for storing data.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of intensity distributions of the luminescence radiation emitted by a bank note in two different spectral channels KO (top) and KI (bottom).
  • the numbers indicate the measured intensities 10, II or at least a measure of the intensities 10, II at the respective measurement point in the respective spectral channel.
  • strips of zero measurements can be seen on the left and right edges, which correspond to measurements outside the bank note, whereas luminescence intensities were measured in both spectral channels at all measurement points inside the bank note.
  • the measured intensities I0 and II of the luminescence radiation recorded for each of the measuring points in the spectral channels KO and Kl result from the intensities Ip and I D of the luminescence radiation emitted by the paper (substrate) or print feature as follows:
  • the named coefficients or the corresponding reference base vectors can be stored in the evaluation device 7 . They were determined, for example, in previous measurements and can be readjusted using machine learning if necessary.
  • the two equations given above for 10 and II represent a 2 ⁇ 2 equation system that can easily be resolved according to the intensities Ip and ID for the paper (substrate) or print feature.
  • the paper and print intensities for each measuring point are calculated from the measured intensities I0 and II using stored reference basis vectors (0.9397, 0.3420) for the paper feature and (0.4848, 0.8746) for the print feature.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the distributions of paper intensity (bottom) and printing intensity (top) obtained as 2D distributions. Falsified negative values occur, in particular, for the pressure intensity, which is attributed to the fact that the spectral signatures, ie the spectral composition of the respectively emitted luminescence radiation, of the feature substances actually present deviate from the reference base vectors used, so that the calculation of the intensities with is fraught with errors. Therefore, the intensity distributions from FIG. 3 are only used to determine a paper mask and a print mask.
  • the paper mask is now calculated as follows, for example: All measuring points with a paper intensity >10 are set to "1" in the paper mask, the remaining measuring points to "0".
  • the print mask is calculated as follows using the pressure intensities shown in Figure 3 (above): All measurement points with a print intensity > 10 are set to "1" in the print mask, the remaining measurement points to "0".
  • the print mask obtained is shown in Figure 4 (below) In an extended printmask, those hits in whose 3x3 neighborhood at least one hit in the printmask has the value "1" are given the value "1".
  • a mean measured paper vector (65.44, 21.26) is obtained by averaging the spectral vectors (10, II) of the measurement points contained in the pure paper area.
  • the normalized mean measured paper vector (0.9511, 0.3090) serves as a post-adapted base vector for the paper feature.
  • the paper and print intensity can now be recalculated for each measuring point.
  • FIG. 6 shows the paper intensities (below) and printing intensities (above) obtained in this way. As can be seen from this, falsified, negative values no longer occur - as in FIG. 3. This shows that the (re)calculation of the paper and print intensities using the post-adapted basis vectors enables greater accuracy in determining the intensity.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of the detected luminescence intensities of a bank note in two spectral channels K0 and K1 as a scatter diagram. Every point and each circle corresponds to a measuring point, the ordinate shows the intensity in channel Kl and the abscissa shows the intensity in channel KO.
  • the spectral vectors shown as points correspond to the pure paper feature. They all fall on a straight line through the origin and differ only in their amount, for example due to absorbing overpressures.
  • spectral vectors are also very similar in terms of magnitude and almost coincide at around (80, 170). These spectral vectors correspond to the undisturbed paper feature. In addition, there are spectral vectors shown as circles that do not lie on the aforementioned straight line through the origin. They correspond to measuring points in the feature print area, at which the paper and the print feature contribute to the detected intensity of the luminescence radiation. Typically, these measurement points lie on a second straight line, which intersects the first straight line at the point of the undisturbed paper feature. This illustrates that the luminescence in the feature print area is composed of the (undisturbed) luminescence of the paper feature and the luminescence of the print feature. The intensity of the print feature can vary due to the print design (color distribution and thickness).
  • the mean measured paper vector which corresponds to the cluster of measurement points of the undisturbed paper feature, is calculated for the background subtraction.
  • the mean measured paper vector is then subtracted from all spectral vectors from the feature print area, which is indicated by the arrows in FIG.
  • the background-corrected measured values then lie on a straight line through the origin, as shown in FIG.
  • This straight line through the origin corresponds to the spectral signature of the print feature, in this example approx. (230, 50). timing
  • the pure paper area and the feature print area are first determined, as described above. At least one decay curve in the form of two or more time-delayed intensity measurements is available for each measurement point. There is also the option of having more than one decay curve for each measurement point, e.g. decay curves for several spectral channels.
  • the decay curves of all measuring points in the pure paper area are calculated with each other (e.g. by averaging) in order to obtain a mean paper decay curve.
  • Each spectral channel is treated separately, for example.
  • the decay curves of all measurement points in the feature pressure range are calculated with one another (e.g. by averaging) in order to obtain a mean combined decay curve for each spectral channel.
  • Figure 9 shows an intensity-time diagram (in arbitrary units) with the mean paper decay curve of a spectral channel ("paper”, squares) and the mean combined decay curve ("paper + print", circles) of the same spectral channel for an exemplary banknote. By subtracting the two curves, one obtains the average decay curve of the spectral channel for the pure print feature ("print", diamonds), which can be further evaluated and/or used when checking the bank note.

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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur et un procédé de vérification de documents de valeur (2), en particulier de billets de banque, présentant chacun un substrat luminescent de type feuille et un élément luminescent appliqué sur une surface partielle du substrat, ainsi qu'un appareil (1) de traitement de documents de valeur. À partir des vecteurs spectraux obtenus pour une pluralité de points de mesure, ces vecteurs spectraux caractérisant l'intensité du rayonnement de luminescence du document de valeur (2) détectée dans au moins deux plages spectrales, des valeurs d'intensité de substrat et des valeurs d'intensité d'élément sont déterminées, en fonction desquelles un masque de substrat pur, ne contenant que les points de mesure se trouvant de manière fiable à l'extérieur de l'élément, est déterminé. À partir des vecteurs spectraux des points de mesure contenus dans le masque de substrat pur, un vecteur de substrat moyen est déterminé, en fonction duquel des valeurs corrigées d'intensité de substrat et des valeurs corrigées d'intensité d'élément et/ou une signature spectrale du substrat et/ou de l'élément sont déterminées à partir des vecteurs spectraux. En variante ou en outre, un comportement temporel du rayonnement de luminescence émis à partir du substrat et/ou de l'élément est déterminé à l'aide de points de mesure contenus dans le masque de substrat pur.
EP21740426.8A 2020-07-23 2021-07-08 Capteur et procédé de vérification de documents de valeur, en particulier de billets de banque, et appareil de traitement de documents de valeur Active EP4186041B1 (fr)

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DE102020004470.0A DE102020004470A1 (de) 2020-07-23 2020-07-23 Sensor und Verfahren zur Prüfung von Wertdokumenten, insbesondere Banknoten, sowie Wertdokumentbearbeitungsvorrichtung
PCT/EP2021/025251 WO2022017641A1 (fr) 2020-07-23 2021-07-08 Capteur et procédé de vérification de documents de valeur, en particulier de billets de banque, et appareil de traitement de documents de valeur

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US20130048874A1 (en) 2011-08-31 2013-02-28 Honeywell International Inc. Articles with confounded emission characteristics and methods and apparatus for their authentication
US20130181435A1 (en) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-18 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) Synthesis of authenticable halftone images with non-luminescent halftones illuminated by a luminescent emissive layer
CA3023632C (fr) * 2016-06-30 2024-04-02 Sicpa Holding Sa Systemes, procedes et programmes informatiques d'imagerie d'un objet et de generation d'une mesure d'authenticite de l'objet
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US20230274599A1 (en) 2023-08-31
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PL4186041T3 (pl) 2024-07-22
DE102020004470A1 (de) 2022-01-27

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