EP4185149A1 - Procede et installation de nettoyage d'un materiau filtrant - Google Patents
Procede et installation de nettoyage d'un materiau filtrantInfo
- Publication number
- EP4185149A1 EP4185149A1 EP21746707.5A EP21746707A EP4185149A1 EP 4185149 A1 EP4185149 A1 EP 4185149A1 EP 21746707 A EP21746707 A EP 21746707A EP 4185149 A1 EP4185149 A1 EP 4185149A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- supercritical fluid
- mask
- cleaning
- less
- supercritical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
- A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
- A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
- A41D13/1107—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape
- A41D13/1138—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape with a cup configuration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/26—Accessories
- A61L2/28—Devices for testing the effectiveness or completeness of sterilisation or disinfection, e.g. indicators which change colour
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D41/00—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements outside the filter for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D41/04—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements outside the filter for liquid or gaseous fluids of rigid self-supporting filtering material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0021—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by liquid gases or supercritical fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
- B01D2239/0622—Melt-blown
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
- B01D2239/0627—Spun-bonded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the cleaning of a filtering material, and more particularly but not exclusively to the cleaning of respiratory protection masks with a view to their reuse.
- the COVID 19 pandemic has revealed the need to be able to reuse respiratory protection masks, in particular those of the FFP2 or FFP3 type, to deal with the problem of supplying these masks.
- These masks are made with a filter material which is based on a non-woven called "meltblown", whose particularity is to be electrostatically charged. It is the presence of surface electric charges that allows the fibers of the material to capture the finest particles, in particular viruses.
- the meltblown type nonwoven used for the manufacture of masks is generally based on polypropylene fibers, in particular because of the highly tribo-electric nature of this material, that is to say its strong ability to attract charges. on its surface and thus form an electrostatic barrier.
- the cleaning of contaminated masks must therefore both mechanically preserve the filtering material, exert a biocidal effect, remove any traces of dirt and affect the electrostatic properties of the filtering material as little as possible, otherwise its ability to retain the particles finer.
- the cleaning must be able to be implemented at low cost, in a non-polluting way and on a large scale.
- Supercritical CO2 is used under conditions giving it a high density, the solubilization of pollutants increasing with the density of supercritical CO2, as taught in the publication Aymonier, Cyril, et al. "Materials Processing and Recycling with Near-and Supercritical C02-based Solvents.” Supercritical and Other High-pressure Solvent Systems. 2018. 304-339.
- the invention therefore aims to find a new method for cleaning masks, in particular of the FFP2 type, so as to allow them to be reused at least once, which is relatively simple and economical to implement.
- the invention thus relates to a process for cleaning a filtering material, in particular a filtering material used in the manufacture of a respiratory protection mask, comprising the step consisting in subjecting this filtering material to a supercritical fluid, preferably supercritical CO2, with a density of less than 0.3 g/mL.
- a supercritical fluid preferably supercritical CO2
- This supercritical fluid is preferably used mixed with at least one additional compound, in particular a biocide and/or a polar organic co-solvent, as detailed below.
- the supercritical fluid is used pure.
- the supercritical fluid used and in particular the supercritical CO2 used, has a density less than or equal to 0.25 g/mL, even better less than or equal to 0.2 g/mL, even better less than or equal to 0 ,19, 0.18, 0.17 or 0.16 g/mL, the density preferably being between 0.14 and 0.16 g/mL, being even more preferably equal to 0.15 g /mL.
- the temperature of the supercritical fluid, in particular supercritical CO2, used is less than or equal to 130° C., in particular greater than the critical temperature of CO2 and less than or equal to 130° C., better between 50° C. and 130° C. C, even better between 70°C and 100°C.
- the pressure of the supercritical fluid, in particular supercritical CO2, used is less than or equal to 100 bar, in particular greater than the critical pressure of CO2 and less than or equal to 100 bar, preferably between 75 and 100 bar.
- the filter material is exposed to a mixture of the supercritical fluid, in particular supercritical CO2, and at least one additional biocidal compound.
- additional biocidal compounds are preferably in a total molar content of additional biocidal compounds of less than or equal to 2%, in particular 1.5%, relative to the total number of moles of the mixture, better still 1.25%, even better at 1.1%, or even at 1%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6% or 0.5%.
- the mixture may comprise at least 0.05% in total molar fraction of biocidal compound(s), in particular H2O2, better still at least 0.1%, even better still at least 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5% or 1%.
- the mixture comprises between 1 and 2% molar of biocidal compound(s), better still between 1.3 and 1.7%, for example approximately 1.4% molar when the biocidal compound is H2O2 in solution 30 % mass in water.
- the additional biocide compound(s) can be chosen from compounds generating free radicals, in particular oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide H2O2, acids, in particular carboxylic acids, for example acetic acid, and mixtures thereof.
- oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide H2O2
- acids in particular carboxylic acids, for example acetic acid, and mixtures thereof.
- the supercritical fluid is supercritical CO2
- the biocidal compound(s) are in aqueous solution
- an organic co-solvent having an affinity with water and CO2 can be added to the mixture to allow the water to solubilize in the supercritical CO2.
- the co-solvent can be chosen from alcohols with three carbon atoms or less, preferably ethanol, acids, in particular carboxylic acids, with three carbon atoms or less, preferably acetic acid, solutions of poly ether , preferably of polyethylene glycol (PEG) having in particular a molecular weight of less than 200 g. mol 1 , acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.
- alcohols with three carbon atoms or less preferably ethanol
- acids in particular carboxylic acids
- acetic acid acetic acid
- solutions of poly ether preferably of polyethylene glycol (PEG) having in particular a molecular weight of less than 200 g. mol 1 , acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the co-solvent can also be added to the mixture to make it possible to increase the polarity of the CO2 or other supercritical fluid so as to improve its ability to solubilize pollutants and dirt and therefore to clean it.
- the total molar content of organic co-solvent(s) may be less than or equal to 1.5% relative to the total number of moles of the mixture, better still less than or equal to 1.25%, even better still 1, 1%, 1% or 0.9%, for example about 0.8% molar ethanol.
- the total content of organic co-solvent(s) may be at least 0.1% in molar fraction relative to the total number of moles of the mixture, better still at least 0.3%, even better still at least 0.5%.
- the filtering material is exposed to the supercritical fluid, in particular supercritical CO2, without mechanical agitation produced by a stirrer, by ultrasound or by setting the filtering material in motion.
- the inventors have found that, surprisingly, a controlled expansion makes it possible to create a driving movement of the dirt out of the filter material, without however damaging the fibrous structure due to the departure of the supercritical fluid having diffused into them.
- the expansion speed is thus advantageously between 10 bar/min and 90 bar/min, better still between 20 bar/min and 80 bar/min, even better still between 60 bar/min and 80 bar/min, preferably being order of 70 bar/min.
- the expansion can be carried out with at least one decompression stage, for example at a value Po/2, where Po designates the maximum pressure of supercritical fluid during the treatment.
- the expansion can thus correspond to a pressure variation of between 25 and 50 bar between each level. Expansion can be carried out automatically, for example using a BPR (“Back Pressure Regulator”) system.
- the supercritical fluid is recycled after its expansion, with a view to being reused.
- the additional compound(s), such as the aforementioned biocidal compound(s) can be recovered by a liquid/gas separator, once the supercritical fluid has returned to the gaseous state.
- the gaseous supercritical fluid can be sent through a filter before being stored for reuse.
- the treatment can be carried out by placing the filtering material, for example masks, in an enclosure, then by injecting the supercritical fluid alone or mixed with one or more additional compounds using a pump. This or these latter can still be introduced into the treatment chamber before sending the supercritical fluid. It is still possible to inject the other additional compound(s) into the enclosure using a specific pump.
- the duration of exposure of the filter material to the supercritical fluid is sufficient to allow the desired effects to be obtained; preferably, this duration is between 1 min and 2 h, being for example of the order of one hour.
- the method according to the invention may comprise a step of counting the number of cleaning cycles undergone by the filtering material, in particular when, at the end of a given number of cleaning cycles, the filtration properties become non-compliant.
- the filtering material or the mask can carry a visual indicator whose coloring decreases as the cleaning cycles progress.
- the method may include a step for verifying that the indicator is still colored beyond a certain degree, before allowing the filtering material to be reused.
- the filtering material or the mask may also have an identifier, for example a bar code or a matrix code, and the method may include the step of recording in a database information providing information on the number of cleaning cycles undergone by the filter material or the mask.
- the method may include updating this database, before and/or after the cleaning operation, and verifying that the number of cleaning cycles remains below a given value, guaranteeing that the mask is compliant.
- the invention also relates to an installation for implementing the cleaning method according to the invention.
- This installation may comprise an enclosure in which the filtering material, and more particularly the mask or masks to be cleaned, are placed and means for injecting the supercritical fluid and other possible compound(s), in particular co-solvent, into the enclosure. and hydrogen peroxide, with a view to exposing the filtering material to a supercritical fluid, in particular supercritical CO2, with a density of less than 0.3 g/mL.
- the invention also relates to a reusable mask, cleaned by implementing the cleaning method according to the invention.
- This mask can be repackaged individually or with others, if necessary.
- the cleaned mask can carry an identifier allowing access to a database in which the number of cleaning cycles is entered, among other information.
- the mask may also bear an indication, for example printed or in the form of an attached label, providing information on the fact that the mask has undergone cleaning, or even indicating the number of cleaning cycles undergone.
- the invention also relates to a reusable respiratory protection mask, in particular comprising a nonwoven, preferably of the meltblown type, in particular a mask of the FFP2 or FFP3 type, comprising a colored indicator arranged to gradually discolor with each cycle of cleaning with supercritical fluid, and reaching a predefined degree of discoloration when the mask is no longer compliant.
- the indicator can be made in such a way that it loses its color before the filter material no longer conforms. As a variant, the indicator retains some of its color when the mask no longer conforms, but by comparison with a reference scale, it is possible to determine whether the mask still conforms or not.
- the invention also relates to a reusable respiratory protection mask, in particular comprising a nonwoven, preferably of the meltblown type, in particular a mask of the FFP2 or FFP3 type, comprising an identifier making it possible to ensure the traceability of its cleaning by the implementation of the cleaning method according to the invention.
- FFP2 or FFP3 type mask refers to the so-called “Covid” masks meeting the standards NF EN 149: 2001 + Al: 2009 relating to FFP2 and FFP3 masks, as well as their foreign equivalents, namely those meeting the American standard NIOSH 42 CFR 84/N95 as well as P95 and R95, the Chinese standard GB2626- 2006/KN95 as well as KP95, GB/T 32610-2016/class A, the Australian and New Zealand standard AS/NZS 1716:2012/P2, the Korean standard KMOEL- 2017-64/1st class, the Japanese standard Japan JMHL W- Notification 214, 2018/DS2 as well as DL2, the Brazilian standard ABNT/NBR 13698:2011/PFF2, the Mexican standard NOM-116-2009/N95 as well as P95, R85, the American standard NIOSH 42 CFR 84/N99 as well as NI 00, P99 , P 100, R99, R100, the Chinese standard
- Figure 1 is a T/P state diagram illustrating temperature and pressure conditions suitable for implementing the method according to the invention with a density of 0.15 g/mL,
- FIG 2 figure 2 represents results of comparative tests with different densities of supercritical CO2,
- FIG 3 Figure 3 schematically and simplified represents a treatment installation according to the invention
- Figure 4 shows an example of a reusable mask bearing a colored indicator
- Figure 5 shows an example of a reusable mask bearing an identifier.
- the cleaning by the supercritical fluid is implemented under conditions ensuring a density thereof of less than 0.3 g/mL, and preferably close to 0.15 g/mL.
- the supercritical fluid is supercritical CO2.
- Figure 1 a diagram showing the evolution of the T/P couple for obtaining supercritical CO2 with a density equal to 0.15 g/mL. It can be seen that it can be placed at different pairs of temperature and pressure to obtain this density of 0.15 g/mL, for example 75 bar and 70° C., or 80 bar and 95° C.
- Figure 2 shows the results of comparative tests showing that for densities greater than or equal to 0.35 g/mL, this is no longer the case.
- the curves represent the filtration efficiency as a function of the electrical mobility diameter in nm.
- the masks are treated for one hour with supercritical CO2, and the expansion rate at the end of the treatment is 70 bar/min.
- the masks that are the subject of these tests are FFP2 type masks of the Kolmi OpAirPro Oxyge brand.
- the tests show that the filtration efficiency decreases all the more as the pressure and therefore the density is high, and that the filtration properties are preserved when the pressure is chosen in such a way as to obtain supercritical CO2 with a density equal to 0.15 g/mL (see tests at 70°C and 75/140/200 bar and tests at 95°C and 80/150 bar).
- the invention thus allows the reuse of treated FFP2 or FFP3 type masks.
- the invention makes it possible to clean the masks while preserving their filtration properties, that is to say while preserving both their mechanical barrier, ie their fibrous structure, and their electrostatic barrier, ie the presence of charge surface electrical.
- At least one biocidal compound is advantageously added to the supercritical CO2, for example hydrogen peroxide.
- supercritical CO2 Since water is poorly soluble in supercritical CO2, an organic co-solvent with an affinity for water and CO2 is added, for example ethanol.
- supercritical CO2 is thus mixed with alcohol and hydrogen peroxide at 30% by mass in water, in the following proportions:
- the expansion speed is thus preferably between 60 and 80 bar/min.
- Such a speed of expansion makes it possible to create agitation and therefore to significantly improve the removal of dirt. It is thus possible not to resort to mechanical agitation, for example by rotation of the treatment enclosure, since it is the expansion that creates the agitation.
- the expansion takes place with at least one level substantially at Po/2, Po designating the pressure during the treatment.
- the plateau at Po/2 may in itself be quite short, for example of the order of a few seconds.
- the method can be implemented in an installation 1 as shown schematically in Figure 3.
- the installation 1 comprises a treatment enclosure 10, for example of the autoclave type, in which the mask(s) M to be treated are placed.
- Supercritical CO2 can be injected by means of a pump 11 connected to a CO2 storage tank 12.
- the additional compounds contained in at least one tank 18 can be introduced into the enclosure 10 by any suitable means, for example using a pump 13.
- the installation advantageously comprises a pressure and temperature regulator, programmable, making it possible to follow a predefined temperature and pressure cycle.
- the expansion of the supercritical CO2 is carried out through a separator 14 making it possible to recover the CO2 without the additional compounds which may be contaminated, and which can be evacuated at 16 to any suitable recovery means.
- the gaseous CO2 at the outlet of the separator 14 can be sent to a filter 15, for example an activated carbon filter, before being stored in the tank 12 with a view to its subsequent reuse.
- a filter 15 for example an activated carbon filter
- the enclosure 10 may have no mechanical stirrer, and the masks M may remain immobile inside it during the treatment.
- the mark can be made in such a way that its erasure substantially coincides with the maximum number of washing cycles that one allows for the mask.
- the mask with an identifier 21, for example a bar or matrix code, or an RFID chip, making it possible to enter a database as to the number of cleaning cycles undergone by the mask, and thus to ensure that a given mask does not undergo too many cleanings.
- an identifier 21 for example a bar or matrix code, or an RFID chip
- the presence of an identifier can allow, if necessary, to redistribute the cleaned mask to the same user.
- the reconditioned masks When several masks are reconditioned together, preferably the reconditioned masks have undergone the same number of cleaning cycles.
- the invention applies in particular to masks of the FFP2 or FFP3 type, it can also apply to masks of the surgical type comprising a nonwoven of the meltblown type, in particular based on polypropylene fibers, for example surgical masks based on SMS (Spunbond-Meltblown-Spunbond).
- Treated masks may or may not be equipped with valves.
- the invention also applies to the cleaning of filtering materials in the form of disks for example, intended to be removably mounted in corresponding housings on plastic mask shells.
- the supercritical fluid can be other than supercritical CO2, and for example be nitrous oxide N2O which has similar characteristics or a mixture of CO2 and N2O.
- the masks or the filtering material can undergo after cleaning any additional treatment aimed at reinforcing its filtering properties, if necessary.
- Cleaned masks can be repackaged, in particular in plastic pouches or cardboard boxes.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2007648A FR3112705B1 (fr) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Procédé et installation de nettoyage d’un matériau filtrant |
| PCT/EP2021/070214 WO2022018059A1 (fr) | 2020-07-21 | 2021-07-20 | Procede et installation de nettoyage d'un materiau filtrant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4185149A1 true EP4185149A1 (fr) | 2023-05-31 |
Family
ID=72885759
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21746707.5A Withdrawn EP4185149A1 (fr) | 2020-07-21 | 2021-07-20 | Procede et installation de nettoyage d'un materiau filtrant |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230294146A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4185149A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2023535431A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3112705B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022018059A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4329031A1 (de) * | 1993-02-27 | 1994-09-01 | Hartmann Paul Ag | Atemschutzelement |
| FR2771661B1 (fr) * | 1997-11-28 | 2000-02-25 | Incam Solutions | Procede et dispositif de nettoyage par voie des fluides supercritiques d'objets en matiere plastique de formes complexes |
| US9463339B2 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2016-10-11 | Atsuo Nozaki | Cleaning filter, air cleaning device using same, and air cleaning maintenance system |
| SG11201406558RA (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2014-11-27 | Ngee Ann Polytechnic | Filtration medium with electrospun metal oxide nanofiber layer |
-
2020
- 2020-07-21 FR FR2007648A patent/FR3112705B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2021
- 2021-07-20 EP EP21746707.5A patent/EP4185149A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-07-20 JP JP2023504413A patent/JP2023535431A/ja active Pending
- 2021-07-20 WO PCT/EP2021/070214 patent/WO2022018059A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2022
- 2022-07-20 US US18/017,048 patent/US20230294146A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3112705B1 (fr) | 2022-08-19 |
| JP2023535431A (ja) | 2023-08-17 |
| WO2022018059A1 (fr) | 2022-01-27 |
| FR3112705A1 (fr) | 2022-01-28 |
| US20230294146A1 (en) | 2023-09-21 |
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