EP4182307A1 - Verfahren zur inbetriebnahme eines reaktors zur herstellung von phthalsäureanhydrid - Google Patents
Verfahren zur inbetriebnahme eines reaktors zur herstellung von phthalsäureanhydridInfo
- Publication number
- EP4182307A1 EP4182307A1 EP21746662.2A EP21746662A EP4182307A1 EP 4182307 A1 EP4182307 A1 EP 4182307A1 EP 21746662 A EP21746662 A EP 21746662A EP 4182307 A1 EP4182307 A1 EP 4182307A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ortho
- xylene
- temperature
- reactor
- naphthalene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WNZQDUSMALZDQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OCC2=C1 WNZQDUSMALZDQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1C1CCC(=O)NC1=O UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192627 Naphthoquinone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078552 o-xylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/87—Benzo [c] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [c] furans
- C07D307/89—Benzo [c] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [c] furans with two oxygen atoms directly attached in positions 1 and 3
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
- B01J23/22—Vanadium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/001—Calcining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/067—Heating or cooling the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00194—Tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00539—Pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/06—Details of tube reactors containing solid particles
- B01J2208/065—Heating or cooling the reactor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for starting up a reactor for the production of phthalic anhydride by the catalytic oxidation of ortho-xylene and / or naphthalene, which contains a bed of shaped catalyst bodies and which is located within a temperature-controlled salt bath, comprising the steps: a) calcining the Shaped catalyst bodies, in the presence of air and/or O2, at a salt bath temperature above 390 °C, b) temperature control of the salt bath to a temperature between 370 °C and 400 °C, c) formation of a hotspot in the front third of the bed of shaped catalyst bodies in the flow direction , by feeding ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene, d) cooling the salt bath to a temperature below 360 °C at a rate greater than 0,5 °C/h and increasing the feed of ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene to a load above 70 g/Nm 3 , at an air flow rate of 2 to 5
- phthalic anhydride (PA) from ortho-xylene (oX) and/or naphthalene (NA) is carried out by selective gas-phase oxidation in a tube bundle reactor cooled with a salt bath, which can contain several thousand reactor tubes (reactors).
- a tube bundle reactor cooled with a salt bath, which can contain several thousand reactor tubes (reactors).
- reactor tubes reactor tubes
- Each catalyst layer represents a bed of shaped catalyst bodies, which usually each consist of an inert carrier ring coated with a catalytically active composition.
- the active composition in turn usually consists of a mixture of V 2 O 5 , Sb 2 C> 3 , TiO 2 in the anatase modification and other promoters.
- the reactor Only after the catalyst has been calcined or preformed in the reactor can the reactor be started up with ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene.
- the initial coolant temperature of the reactor is typically slowly lowered from about 390°C and the hydrocarbon loading or feed is correspondingly slowly increased at an air flow rate of 2 to 5 Nm 3 /h/tube to a maximum catalyst temperature of about 455°C not to be exceeded and thus to avoid an irreversible catalyst deactivation.
- the initial salt bath temperature cannot be chosen arbitrarily low to accelerate the start-up phase, since otherwise unreacted sub-oxidation products (e.g. phthalide, naphthoquinone) will occur to an increased extent and adversely affect the product quality.
- the start-up phase which generally includes the period of time from the first feed of educt until the maximum target load is reached, therefore usually lasts up to eight weeks or longer.
- a particular disadvantage here is that during this long start-up phase only reduced phthalic anhydride productivity is achieved is available because the reactor can initially be operated with only a small amount of hydrocarbon.
- WO 2014207604 A2 discloses a process for preparing carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides by gas-phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, in which a gas stream comprising at least one aromatic hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is continuously passed over a catalyst thermostated by a heat transfer medium, characterized in that indicates that the temperature of the heat transfer medium is kept constant for at least 24 hours during the start-up of the reactor and during this time neither the loading of the gas flow with hydrocarbons nor the gas volume are increased by more than 3%.
- WO 2014207603 A2 discloses a process for producing phthalic anhydride by gas-phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, in which a gas stream comprising at least one aromatic hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is continuously passed over a thermostated catalyst and, after the catalyst has been started up, the at least one aromatic hydrocarbon is fed in to the catalyst is temporarily interrupted.
- WO 2009124946 A1 describes a method for starting up a gas-phase oxidation reactor for oxidizing ortho-xylene to phthalic anhydride, which comprises at least one catalyst layer and can be heated using a heat transfer medium, a) the catalyst layer being interrupted by a moderator layer which is catalytically less active than the catalyst layer or is catalytically inactive, b) passing a gas stream through the reactor with an initial loading of ortho-xylene and at an initial temperature of the heat transfer medium, c) increasing the loading of the gas stream to a target loading and, in parallel, increasing the temperature of the heat transfer medium to a operating temperature decreases.
- the moderator layer the load can be quickly increased and the journey time can be reduced.
- the invention was therefore based on the object of providing a method for commissioning, with which the start-up phase is significantly accelerated without the catalytic gate performance of the fully started catalyst (product yield, by-product formation) is negatively influenced.
- the start-up phase is significantly accelerated without the catalytic gate performance of the fully started catalyst (product yield, by-product formation) is negatively influenced.
- the phthalic anhydride production capacity increases significantly in the first few weeks and months compared to a catalyst started using the usual methods.
- the object of the invention was achieved by providing a method for starting up a reactor for the production of phthalic anhydride, by the catalytic oxidation of ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene, which contains a bed of shaped catalyst bodies and is located within a salt bath, comprising the steps: a) calcining the shaped catalyst bodies in the presence of air and/or O2 at a salt bath temperature above 390 °C, b) tempering the salt bath to a salt bath temperature between 370 °C and 400 °C, c) forming a hotspot in the front third the bed of shaped catalyst bodies, by supplying ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene, d) cooling the salt bath temperature to a salt bath temperature below 360° C.
- the unit [Nm 3 ] refers to a standard cubic meter under standard conditions, ie a standard pressure of 1013.25 mbar and the standard temperature of 273.15 K according to DIN 1343.
- the inventive method is used to start up any salt bath reactor for the production of phthalic anhydride by oxidation of ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene. It is preferred that the process according to the invention is used to start up a typical commercial tube bundle reactor for the production of phthalic anhydride.
- the reactor tubes are individually contained in a salt bath-cooled vessel.
- the reactor means the individual reactor tube in the salt bath, ie all information on the flow of gases relates to an individual reactor tube, ie an individual reactor.
- the two openings of the respective reactor form a reactor inlet for the educt gas and a reactor outlet for the product gas, so that a gas inlet outlet side, a gas outlet side and a gas flow direction are present.
- the tubular reactor has, for example, an inner diameter in the range from 10 to 50 mm, preferably between 20 and 40 mm.
- the tubular reactors have a tube length in the usual ranges, for example 2 to 5 m. The tube length corresponds to the proportion of the length of the reactor tube which is filled with the shaped catalyst bodies.
- the reactor is in a temperature-controlled salt bath, which generally uses a molten salt, for example a eutectic mixture of NaNÜ 2 and KNO 3 , as the heat transfer medium.
- the salt bath or molten salt can be tempered, ie heated to temperatures of up to 460 °C in a controlled manner before it begins to decompose and toxic nitrogen oxides are released. Due to the exothermic reaction and the different catalyst layers that may be present, a temperature profile is formed in the axial direction in the reactor.
- the temperature specifications for carrying out the process according to the invention for commissioning therefore relate to the salt bath temperature, which is typically measured for the purpose of regulation and control after the circulating pump before re-entering the salt bath.
- the shaped catalyst bodies consist of an inert support body and an active composition applied thereto.
- the shaped catalyst bodies of the catalyst zones are usually produced by applying a thin layer of the active composition to the inert support body.
- the production of typical shaped catalyst bodies for the production of phthalic anhydride by oxidation of ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene is described, for example, in EP 3134394 A1 and EP 3008050 A1.
- the active composition can contain numerous promoters such as alkali and/or alkaline earth metals, antimony, phosphorus, iron, niobium, cobalt, molybdenum, silver, tungsten, tin, lead, zirconium, copper, gold and/or bismuth and mixtures of two or more of the above components.
- the shaped catalyst bodies of the individual catalyst layers differ in the composition of their active mass. Typical active materials are z. B. in EP 3134394 A1 and EP 3008050 A1 leads out.
- Start-up of the reactor is understood here to mean the phase after the shaped catalyst bodies have been introduced into the reactor up to normal production operation at the target loading. Commissioning thus includes the start-up phase, which is usually understood as the time span from the first feed of educt to normal production operation.
- the process steps a) to d) according to the invention are carried out in succession; it is preferred that the process according to the invention consists of these process steps.
- the shaped catalyst bodies are first calcined in a calcination step a) in order to burn off the binder present in the active composition and to form or preform the active composition.
- the calcination takes place in the presence of air and/or oxygen, with the salt bath temperature being increased from, for example, room temperature to above 390 °C, preferably above 400 °C, most preferably 430 °C, preferably the calcination temperature is in the range between 390 °C and 460°C, more preferably in the range between 400°C and 440°C.
- a stream of air or oxygen is passed through the reactor.
- the gas flow rate or the air flow rate is not of great relevance here, but must be sufficiently high to ensure that the binder is burned off completely and the catalyst is sufficiently preformed to guarantee.
- the gas flow rate or air flow rate can be, for example, between 0.02 and 4.5 Nm 3 /h, preferably 0.05 to 1.5 Nm 3 /h.
- the calcination step a) should be carried out for more than 6 h, preferably for at least 24 h, the calcination step a) can also be carried out longer, for example for more than 48 h or more than 72 h.
- the salt bath temperature is adjusted from the calcination temperature used to a salt bath temperature of between 370° C. and 400° C., i. H. the salt bath temperature is kept within this range.
- the calcination temperature is higher than the temperature according to step b), so the temperature control is usually accompanied by cooling. This tempering or cooling is necessary before the ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene feed is started, so that the shaped catalyst bodies in the reactor are in the correct temperature range when the oxidation reaction starts and, in particular, are not too hot.
- the rate at which the temperature is set is irrelevant here, so that, for example, a reduction after the calcination according to step a) can be carried out within a few minutes or within up to 48 hours. Likewise, for example, cooling can take place within 6 h to 48 h while maintaining the air/oxygen flow from calcination step a).
- a temperature maximum (“hotspot”) must be formed in the flow direction in the front third of the catalyst bed.
- a flow of ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene can be started through the reactor, ie the reactor can be started up.
- the salt bath temperature is in step c) in a temperature range between 370 ° C and 400 ° C for a period of between 1 h and 220 h, preferably 80 h to be maintained for 180 hours, more preferably at an approximately constant temperature. It is also preferred that during step c) the temperature is kept constant for more than 50 h, preferably for more than 100 h or between 10 h and 200 h.
- the hydrocarbon feed during step c) is preferably above 5 g/Nm 3 more preferably more than 20 g/Nm 3 or 25 g/Nm 3 , most preferably between 10 g/Nm 3 and 40 g/Nm 3 , at an air flow rate between 2 Nm 3 /h and 4.5 Nm 3 /h, preferably between 3 Nm 3 /h and 4.2 Nm 3 /h.
- the “hotspot” usually forms at the front part of the reactor within 6 to 72 hours.
- step d) the salt bath temperature must be lowered further in step d) following step c), e.g. below 360 °C.
- step d) the cooling phase, the salt bath temperature is continuously or stepwise cooled at a rate of more than 0.5 °C/h until a salt bath temperature below 360 °C is reached. It is preferred that the cooling in step d) takes place at a rate of more than 0.7° C./h, preferably more than 1° C./h.
- step d) takes place at a rate of from 0.5° C./h to 10° C./h, preferably from 1° C./h to 10° C./h, most preferably 1° C./h is cooled down to 3 °C/h.
- step d) the ortho-xylene/naphthalene feed is increased to a value corresponding to the normal production conditions, ie a value greater than 70 g/Nm 3 , at an air flow rate of 2 to 4.5 Nm 3 /h .
- step d) the ortho-xylene/naphthalene feed is increased stepwise, but this can also be done continuously.
- An increase in the ortho-xylene/naphthalene feed is preferred, in which case the target loading is achieved by increasing the feed at regular intervals such that the target loading is reached when the cooling according to step d) is complete.
- This can take place uniformly, but in practice it takes place in stages, with the ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene supply preferably being increased during the cooling phase at approximately evenly distributed intervals, so that at the end of the cooling phase the desired ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene supply from the manufacturing facility.
- the precise time distribution of the intervals at which the ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene supply is increased is not critical, but the increase should ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene feed does not exceed 10 g/Nm 3 per hour, preferably 5 g/Nm 3 per hour. It is preferred that the amount of ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene supplied is such that a temperature of 455° C. for the shaped catalyst bodies is not exceeded, since otherwise the shaped catalyst bodies would be irreversibly damaged.
- the ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene feed in steps b), c) or d) should in each case only be so high that the temperature of the shaped catalyst bodies does not exceed 455° C., because then the shaped catalyst bodies would be damaged.
- the temperature of the shaped catalyst bodies is the same as the temperature in the reactor and is typically determined using thermocouples that have been introduced.
- the ortho-xylene/naphthalene feed can be increased from the feed present at the end of step c) to the target load of more than 70 g/Nm 3 in a suitable manner such that the temperature of the shaped catalyst body does not exceed 455 °C.
- the person skilled in the art can only gradually increase the ortho-xylene/naphthalene feed to such an extent that a temperature of the shaped catalyst bodies of 455° C. is not reached.
- this stream of air can then be loaded with the corresponding specified amount of ortho-xylene/naphthalene, ie ortho-xylene/naphthalene are in the gaseous state and are passed through the reactor mixed with the air.
- the absolute reactor inlet pressure during the supply of ortho-xylene and/or naphthalene in steps a) to d) or at least during steps b) to d) is greater than or equal to 1435 mbar, preferably greater than 1450 mbar, more preferably greater than 1470 mbar.
- the absolute reactor inlet pressure can be in a range between 1435 mbar and 2000 mbar, preferably between 1450 mbar and 1600 mbar.
- the pressure given here corresponds in each case to the absolute dynamic pressure in the direction of flow at the reactor inlet before the shaped catalyst body. This increased reactor inlet pressure is achieved, for example, by the design of the catalyst bed or the shaped catalyst bodies.
- Denser packing of the shaped catalyst bodies generally leads to an increased pressure drop, so that an increased reactor inlet pressure is obtained through the use of smaller shaped catalyst bodies. It is particularly preferred that the increased reactor inlet pressure is obtained through the pressure loss properties of the bed of shaped catalyst bodies, the reactor outlet pressure and/or the air flow rate.
- the reactor outlet pressure is influenced by plant components which are located downstream of the reactor in the direction of flow, such as valves, pinholes, pipelines, pipe bends, gas coolers, separators for phthalic anhydride.
- At least two catalyst zones in the reactor there are preferably at least two catalyst zones in the reactor, with one catalyst zone representing a bed of uniform shaped catalyst bodies in the reactor. If the reactor is designed as a vertically arranged tube, the length of the respective catalyst zone is synonymous with the fill level of the respective catalyst zone.
- the first catalyst zone faces the gas inlet side of the reactor, and the at least second catalyst zone, consisting of shaped catalyst bodies that differ from the shaped catalyst bodies of the first catalyst zone, is located directly thereafter in the direction of gas flow.
- a typical commercial reactor for the production of phthalic anhydride has 4 to 5 catalyst layers.
- the individual catalyst zones can have different degrees of voids.
- the degree of vacancy LG as a property of a catalyst layer is calculated according to Equation GI.1.
- V L R volume of the space within the filled catalyst zone
- V F K volume of the catalyst body within the filled catalyst zone
- the catalyst bodies of the first and second catalyst zones can differ in one or more geometric dimensions and/or in their geometric shape.
- the cylindrical and the annular shape are preferred as the geometric shape.
- the geometric dimensions, corresponding for example to the fleas, the length and the width of the catalyst body, are preferably selected in such a way that the volume of the catalyst body is in the range from 0.05 to 0.5 cm 3 .
- the first catalyst zone is on the gas inlet side and the second catalyst zone is arranged downstream of the first catalyst zone in the gas flow direction and the length of the first catalyst zone in the gas flow direction is less than the length in the gas flow direction of the second catalyst zone and the first catalyst zone points in comparison to the second catalyst zone a higher degree of gaps.
- the higher degree of voids in the first catalyst zone compared to the second catalyst zone is preferably due to the fact that the catalyst bodies in the first catalyst zone differ from the catalyst bodies in the second catalyst zone in one or more geometric dimensions and/or in their geometric shape.
- the catalyst body of the first catalyst zone and the catalyst body of the second catalyst zone are preferably ring-shaped and the catalyst body of the second catalyst zone have smaller geometric dimensions than those of the first catalyst zone.
- the vacancy rate of the first catalyst zone is preferably at least 0.6% higher than the vacancy rate of the second catalyst zone.
- the vacancy rate of the first catalyst zone is at least 1.5% higher than the vacancy rate of the second catalyst zone.
- the catalyst bodies of the first catalyst zone based in each case on the mass of the catalyst bodies, preferably have a higher loading of active material than the catalyst bodies of the second catalyst zone.
- the shaped catalyst bodies of the second catalyst zone have a lower degree of voids, as is described in EP 3008050 A1; in particular, the second catalyst zone can have a degree of voids below 65%.
- Particularly preferred catalyst layer arrangements are described in EP 3134394 A1 and EP 3008050 A1; the advantageous embodiments described there in general and in the examples are intended to be part of the present disclosure by reference.
- a) in a step a) the salt bath temperature is heated to above 390°C to 460°C for more than 6 h and air is introduced at a flow rate of 0.02 Nm 3 /h to 4.5 Nm 3 / h passed through the reactor.
- step b) which follows step a), the salt bath temperature is adjusted to 370.degree. C. to 400.degree.
- an ortho-xylene / naphthalene feed greater than 20 g/Nm 3 is applied, with the temperature being in the temperature range for 1 h to 220 h is kept almost constant between 370 °C and 400 °C.
- step d) following step c) the salt bath temperature is cooled at a rate of between 0.5 °C/h to 10 °C/h until a temperature below 360 °C is reached, at the same time becoming gradual during the cooling the ortho-xylene/naphthalene feed is only increased to such an extent that the maximum temperature of the shaped catalyst bodies in the reactor remains below 455 °C.
- the salt bath temperature is heated to over 400° C. to 440° C. for more than 24 hours in step a) and air is passed through at a flow rate of 0.05 to 1.5 Nm 3 / h passed through the reactor.
- the salt bath temperature is lowered to 370.degree. C. to 400.degree.
- an ortho-xylene/naphthalene feed of 10 to 40 g/Nm 3 is applied at an air flow rate of 3 to 4.2 Nm 3 /h, the temperature being simultaneously maintained for 80 h to 180 h in the temperature range between 370 °C and 400 °C is kept almost constant.
- step d) following step c) the salt bath temperature is cooled at a rate of between 1 °C/h to 10 °C/h until a temperature below 360 °C is reached, at the same time the ortho- Xylene / naphthalene feed only increased to such an extent that the maximum temperature of the shaped catalyst bodies in the reactor remains below 455 °C.
- Figure 1 Development of the salt bath temperature and ortho-xylene feed over time during process steps b) and c) (absolute reactor inlet pressure in each case ⁇ 1435 mbar): (a) comparative test 1, (b) comparative test 2.
- Figure 2 Development of the salt bath temperature and ortho-xylene feed over time during process steps b) and c) (absolute reactor inlet pressure in each case >1435 mbar): (a) Inventive test 1, (b) Inventive test 2.
- Figure 3 Development of the air flow rate and the absolute reactor inlet pressure over time during process steps b) and c) (absolute reactor inlet pressure in each case ⁇ 1435 mbar): (a) comparative test 1, (b) comparative test 2.
- Figure 4 Development of the air flow rate and the absolute reactor inlet pressure over time during process steps b) and c) (absolute reactor inlet pressure in each case >1435 mbar): (a) inventive test 1, (b) inventive test 2.
- Figure 5 Development of the phthalic anhydride yield over time during process steps b) and c) (absolute reactor inlet pressure in each case ⁇ 1435 mbar): (a) comparative test 1, (b) comparative test 2.
- Figure 8 Development of the phthalic anhydride productivity over time during process steps b) and c) (absolute reactor inlet pressure in each case >1435 mbar): (a) inventive test 1, (b) inventive test 2.
- Ring 8x6x5 The nomenclature of the geometric dimensions of the rings corresponds to outer diameter (Da) [mm] x height (H) [mm] x inner diameter (Di) [mm].
- the uncoated moldings were introduced into a coating apparatus and coated homogeneously with the active composition, as described in DE 19709589 A1.
- the shaped catalyst bodies were flowed through in the tube with 0.02 to 0.03 Nm 3 /h of air at a salt bath temperature of 410° C. for more than 48 h.
- a 3 mm thermal sleeve with a built-in tension element for measuring the temperature was located centrally in the tube.
- the salt bath temperature was cooled from the calcination temperature to 390° C. before the reactor was started up.
- step c) At the beginning of the respective catalytic measurement according to step c) (operating time 0 h) at a salt bath temperature of 390 ° C, the tube from top to bottom with an air flow rate of 3.3 Nm 3 / h and a supply of 25 g ortho-xylene /Nm 3 air (purity ortho-xylene> 98%) flows through.
- the absolute reactor inlet pressure was adjusted to a value of ⁇ 1435 mbar (not according to the invention) or >1435 mbar (according to the invention) by a valve connected downstream of the reactor. After at least 41 hours of operation, the air flow rate was increased from 3.3 Nm 3 /h to 4.0 Nm 3 /h, with the salt bath temperature initially being kept constant at 390°C.
- step d step by step within 46 hours for Comparative Example 1, the salt bath temperature was lowered from 390° C. to 350 to 355° C. within 21 hours in Comparative Example 2, within 30 hours in Example 1 according to the invention and within 56 hours in Example 2 according to the invention.
- the supply of ortho-xylene in the air was increased to the maximum possible, but so that the temperature of the shaped catalyst bodies did not exceed 455.degree.
- the composition of the product stream was analyzed at regular intervals during the catalytic tests using a gas chromatograph (GC 7890B, Agilent) and a non-disperse IR analyzer (NGA 2000, Rosemount).
- the phthalic anhydride yield was calculated using Eq. Eq. 2 calculated.
- Y pA yield of phthalic anhydride (PA) based on the total weight of ortho-xylene used [% by weight]
- the phthalic anhydride yield is directly dependent on the formation of the three most important by-products CO, CO2 and maleic anhydride.
- the phthalic anhydride productivity was calculated using Eq. 3 calculated.
- Y pA yield of phthalic anhydride (PA) based on the total weight of ortho-xylene used [% by weight]
- Table 2 Filling parameters of comparison test 1
- Table 3 Filling parameters of comparison test 2
- Table 4 Filling parameters of test 1 according to the invention
- Table 5 Filling parameters of test 2 according to the invention
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020118584 | 2020-07-14 | ||
| PCT/EP2021/068941 WO2022013048A1 (de) | 2020-07-14 | 2021-07-08 | Verfahren zur inbetriebnahme eines reaktors zur herstellung von phthalsäureanhydrid |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4182307A1 true EP4182307A1 (de) | 2023-05-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21746662.2A Withdrawn EP4182307A1 (de) | 2020-07-14 | 2021-07-08 | Verfahren zur inbetriebnahme eines reaktors zur herstellung von phthalsäureanhydrid |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230212134A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4182307A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116134024A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022013048A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19709589C2 (de) | 1997-03-08 | 2000-03-30 | Bwi Huettlin Gmbh | Fließbettapparatur zum Behandeln von partikelförmigem Gut |
| DE10206989A1 (de) * | 2002-02-19 | 2003-08-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phthalsäureanhydrid |
| BRPI0910946A2 (pt) | 2008-04-07 | 2016-01-05 | Basf Se | processo para iniciar um reator de oxidação de fase gasosa |
| DE102009041960A1 (de) * | 2009-09-17 | 2011-04-07 | Süd-Chemie AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Katalysatoranordnung für die Herstellung von Phthalsäureanhydrid |
| WO2011128814A1 (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2011-10-20 | Basf Se | Process for controlling a gas phase oxidation reactor for preparation of phthalic anhydride |
| CN105339338B (zh) * | 2013-06-26 | 2017-11-21 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 起动气相氧化反应器的方法 |
| BR112015032335A2 (pt) | 2013-06-26 | 2017-07-25 | Basf Se | processo para preparar anidrido ftálico |
| DE102014005939A1 (de) | 2014-04-24 | 2015-10-29 | Clariant International Ltd. | Katalysatoranordnung mit optimierter Oberfläche zur Herstellung von Phthalsäureanhydrid |
| BR112015031535B1 (pt) | 2014-04-24 | 2021-09-21 | Clariant International Ltd. | Arranjo de catalisadores com fração de vazios otimizada, seu uso e processo de preparação de anidrido de ácido ftálico |
-
2021
- 2021-07-08 CN CN202180060976.6A patent/CN116134024A/zh active Pending
- 2021-07-08 EP EP21746662.2A patent/EP4182307A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-07-08 WO PCT/EP2021/068941 patent/WO2022013048A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-08 US US18/009,005 patent/US20230212134A1/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20230212134A1 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
| CN116134024A (zh) | 2023-05-16 |
| WO2022013048A1 (de) | 2022-01-20 |
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