Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
  • B23K9/0953—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters using computing means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
  • B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
  • G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
  • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for supplying parameter values of a heat source intended to produce a weld bead between two plates, as well as a computer program and a corresponding device. [0002] It is known to proceed as follows to obtain parameter values of a heat source intended to produce a weld bead between two plates. [0003] A user obtains a desired value of at least one spatial characteristic of the weld bead.
• the user determines a value for each spatial characteristic of the weld bead from the values of the parameters of the heat source, by simulation on a three-dimensional mesh of the two plates.
• a thermomechanical solver with transient calculation is generally used for the simulation.
• the user repeats the previous step by manually changing the values of the parameters of the heat source until values are found giving, for each spatial characteristic considered of the weld bead, a value close to the desired value. .
• a disadvantage of this known method is that it requires the user to master the operation of the solver, to provide him with relevant input data, but also to interpret the output of the solver. However, the user is often competent in weld beads, but not in digital simulation.
• a method for providing parameter values of a heat source intended to produce a weld bead between two plates characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - receiving a value desired of at least one spatial characteristic of the weld bead; - the determination of several samples of the parameters of the heat source; - for each sample, the determination of a value of each spatial characteristic of the weld bead for this sample, by simulation on a three-dimensional mesh of the two plates, in order to obtain a point, called simulated, of a function connecting the or the spatial characteristics of the weld bead to the parameters of the heat source; - several successive iterations of the following steps: the determination of points, called extrapolated, of the function by extrapolation from the simulated points, the
• the invention provides a robust and reliable method for supplying the parameters of the heat source, which does not require any particular knowledge of digital simulation and which can be easily automated by being implemented by a computer system.
• the method further comprises a step of receiving measurement positions in the mesh and each determination of a value of each spatial characteristic of the weld bead is carried out from a temporal evolution of a temperature recorded at each measurement position.
• the measurement positions are located at intersections of a grid and the step of receiving the measurement positions in the mesh includes a step of receiving at least one of: a step of the grid and a dimension of the grid.
• the method further comprises the following steps: - receiving a dimension of at least one of the plates; and - the determination of the mesh by modifying a reference mesh of two plates from the dimension received.
• the dimension received is a thickness of at least one of the plates
• the reference mesh comprises points having coordinates along a direction of a thickness, called reference, of at least one of the two plates meshed by the reference mesh
• the step of determining the mesh includes the transformation of these coordinates by a dilation with a ratio equal to a ratio between the reference thickness and the received thickness.
• the modified reference mesh is selected from a set of reference meshes.
• the reference meshes of the assembly have been previously used in respective reference simulations of weld beads validated by comparison with respectively the weld beads actually produced.
• the sample determination step is carried out by pseudo-random sampling, for example Latin hypercube.
• a device for supplying parameter values of a heat source intended to produce a weld bead between two plates comprises: - an interface module designed to receive a desired value of at least one spatial characteristic of the weld bead; - a sampling module designed to determine several samples of the parameters of the heat source; - a spatial characterization module designed, for each sample, to determine a value of each spatial characteristic of the weld bead for this sample, using a simulation on a three-dimensional mesh of the two plates, in order to obtain a so-called simulated point, a function relating the spatial characteristic(s) of the weld bead to the parameters of the heat source; - an extrapolation module designed to determine so-called extrapolated points of the function by extrapolation from simulated points; and - a search module designed to determine a point, called target, of the function, where each spatial characteristic of the weld bead has a value close to the desired value; in which the spatial characteristics of the weld bead has a value
• FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of two plates placed side by side and of a heat source intended to produce a weld bead between the two plates, [0021] [Fig.2] FIG.
• FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of the two plates of Figure 1, once the weld bead has been made
• Figure 3 is a simplified representation of a device according to the invention, for supplying parameter values of the heat source of the Figures 1 and 2
• Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating the steps of a method according to the invention, for producing the weld bead of Figure 2
• Figure 5 is a three-dimensional view of the two plates of Figures 1 and 2, with a three-dimensional mesh of these two plates
• Figure 6 is a three-dimensional view of the two plates of Figures 1, 2 and 5, with a measurement grid
• Figure 7 is a front view of the measurement grid of Figure 6.
• two plates P1, P2 intended to be welded by a weld bead are shown.
• the plates P1, P2 are coplanar and have the same thickness e and respective straight edges joined together so as to form a junction J between them. It is at this J junction that the weld bead is intended to be formed, by advancing, along the J junction, a nozzle 102 projecting a heat source 104 in the direction of the J junction on one side of the two plates P1, P2, called face side. The other side is called the reverse side.
• the nozzle 102, and therefore also the heat source 104 is intended to advance at a constant welding speed VS in the example described.
• the weld bead formed is shown in Figure 2 where it is designated by the reference 202.
• the weld bead 202 has, perpendicular to the junction J, a width L1 on the side , called front width, and a width L2 on the reverse side, called reverse width.
• FIG 3 an example of device 300 according to the invention will now be described. This device 300 is designed to provide parameter values of the heat source 104 intended to produce the weld bead 202 between the two plates P1, P2.
• the device 300 is a computer system comprising a processing unit 304 (such as a microprocessor) and a main memory 306 (such as a RAM memory, from the English "Random Access Memory ”) accessible by the processing unit 304.
• the computer system 302 further comprises a mass memory 308 (such as a hard disk, local or remote and accessible via a communication network) in which is recorded a program of computer 310 containing instructions for the processing unit 304.
• This computer program 310 is intended to be loaded into the main memory 306, so that the processing unit 304 executes its instructions.
• the instructions of computer program 310 are organized into software modules which will be described later.
• a database 312 is also stored in the mass memory 308. This database 312 gives, for each of several materials, a melting temperature of this material and behavior laws of this material.
• one or more reference simulations 314 are stored in the mass memory 308. Each reference simulation 314 includes an input model for a solver 317 which will be described later, so that it simulates a bead. welding between two plates. Each input model comprises in particular a mesh of the plates which are the subject of the simulation.
• the device 300 further comprises a man/machine interface 316 comprising for example an output device such as a display device (for example a screen) and an input device such as a keyboard and/or a mouse.
• the modules of the computer program 310 will now be briefly described. The functions that they perform will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4.
• the computer program 310 firstly includes the solver 317. This is at least a thermal solver with transient calculation .
• the 317 solver is designed to simulate over time the production of a weld bead between two plates from an input model, i.e. to provide at least the evolution over time of the temperature of each point of the mesh of the model of entry which is provided to him.
• the computer program 310 further comprises an interface module 318 designed to receive information from a user, for example through the man/machine interface 316.
• the computer program 310 further comprises an initialization module 320 designed to prepare input data to be provided to the solver 317.
• the computer program 310 further comprises a sampling module 322 designed to provide samples of the parameters of the heat source 104 and to supply them successively to the solver 317 in addition to the input data determined by the initialization module 320.
• the computer program 310 further comprises a measurement module 326 designed to supply, at from the output of the solver 317, the evolution over time of at least the temperature at a plurality of previously defined measurement positions through the interface module 328.
• the computer program 310 comprises in besides a mod Spatial characterization module 328 designed to provide spatial characteristics of the weld bead 202 from the temporal evolutions of at least the temperature at the measurement positions.
• the computer program 310 further includes an extrapolation module 330 designed to provide extrapolated points from the simulated points.
• the computer program 310 further comprises a search module 332 designed to search for a target point of the function, that is to say a point whose values of the weld bead 202 are close to desired values received. by the interface module 318.
• the search module 332 is also designed to provide the solver 317 with the values of the parameters of the heat source 104 of the target point found, in order to obtain a new simulated point.
• step 402 simulations of weld beads between pairs of plates are performed.
• step 404 the simulations carried out are respectively compared with the weld beads actually obtained in order to select the valid simulations, that is to say those faithfully representing the weld bead actually obtained.
• step 406 at least one simulation selected at step 404 is recorded in the mass memory 308 as a reference simulation 314.
• the module interface 318 receives from a user desired values of parameters of the weld bead 202 between the plates P1, P2.
• the parameters of the weld bead 202 received by the interface module 318 include in particular a desired value of at least one spatial characteristic of the weld bead 202.
• the spatial characteristics are the length L1 and the back length L2 of the weld bead 202.
• a spatial characteristic of the weld bead 202 could be the area of a transverse face of the weld bead 202.
• the other parameters of the weld bead 202 comprise, still in the example described, one or more of: the thickness e of the plates P1, P2, one or more materials in which the plates P1, P2 are formed and the welding speed VS.
• the initialization module 320 retrieves, from the database 312, the melting temperature and the behavior laws of each material received at step 408.
• the interface module 318 receives from a user a selection of a reference simulation 314. The user can thus select a reference simulation whose input model is close to the weld bead 202 wish. Alternatively, the interface module 318 receives geometric characteristics of the plates P1, P2 and/or the material(s) in which they are formed and/or parameters of the weld bead 202 (like the parameters detailed previously). The initialization module 320 then selects the reference simulation 314 closest to the information received.
• the initialization module 320 retrieves the mesh of the reference simulation selected in step 412. This mesh is subsequently called the reference mesh and denoted M*.
• the initialization module 320 modifies the reference mesh M* from at least one dimension plates P1, P2, namely in the example described the thickness e received at step 408.
• the points of the reference mesh M* have respective coordinates along a direction of a thickness, called reference, of at least one of the two plates meshed by this reference mesh M*.
• the coordinates of the points of the mesh of reference M* in the other orthogonal directions are left unchanged, and are therefore identical in the mesh M.
• the use of a reference mesh M* to determine the mesh M makes it possible to take advantage of feedback from experience on the simulations already carried out.
• the interface module 318 receives from a user measurement positions in the mesh M.
• These measurement positions constitute “virtual sensors” which are not necessarily located on points of the mesh M.
• the measurement positions are positioned on a grid transverse to the weld bead 202. This grid is represented in FIG. 6 where it is designated by the reference G.
• the grid G has intersections on at least a part which the virtual sensors are positioned.
• the grid G has a height at least equal to the thickness e of the plates P1, P2.
• the interface module 118 receives for example from the user parameters of the grid G such as for example one or more among: a horizontal pitch PH (parallel to the side front side and/or back side), a grid width LG (perpendicular to the front side and/or back side) and a vertical pitch PV (perpendicular to the front side and/or back side).
• the sampling module 322 determines several samples of parameters of the heat source 104.
• These parameters comprise for example at least one of: a power parameter PS of the heat source 104, several parameters GS characterizing a three-dimensional geometry of the heat source 104 and the welding speed VS.
• Each sample thus groups together values of the parameters PS, GS, VS of the heat source 104.
• this determination of the samples is carried out by pseudo-random sampling.
• the pseudo-random sampling is the Latin hypercube. In this case, at least thirty samples are preferably selected.
• the computer program 310 determines, for each sample, a value of each spatial characteristic L1, L2 of the weld bead 202 for the values of the parameters PS, GS, VS of the source heat 104 of the sample considered.
• this determination uses a simulation carried out by the solver 317 on the mesh M.
• the step 420 thus makes it possible to obtain, for each sample, a point, called simulated, of the function linking the spatial characteristic(s) L1, L2 of the weld bead to the parameters PS, GS, VS of the heat source 104.
• step 420 includes the following steps 422, 424, 426. [0063] During a step 422, the solver 317 receives the values of the parameters of the heat source 104 of the current sample, the mesh M, the welding speed VS, the melting temperature and the behavior laws of each material of the plates P1, P2.
• the solver 317 then performs at least a thermal simulation of the weld by solving heat equations, such as the Fourier equation (in which q here designates the quantity of heat): [Math.2]
• the simulation performed can also be mechanical, in addition to the thermal aspect.
• the solver 317 then outputs a map of the weld bead 202. This map indicates the evolution over time of the temperature (and possibly of the displacement) of each point of the mesh M.
• the measurement module 326 determines, from the map provided by the solver 317, the temporal evolution of the temperature and, if necessary, of the displacement, at each measurement position.
• the spatial characterization module 328 determines at least one spatial characteristic of the weld bead 202, the face dimension L1 and the back dimension L2 in the example described, from at least a part of the temporal evolutions of at least a part of the measurement positions.
• the spatial characterization module 328 determines, for each measurement position, the maximum temperature reached and compares it to the melting temperature of the material at this measurement position. The spatial characterization module 328 then determines the number of consecutive measurement positions located on the face side of the plates P1, P2 whose maximum temperature exceeds the melting temperature and deduces therefrom the face length L1 of the weld bead 202.
• This face length L1 is for example taken equal to the determined number (from which 1 is subtracted) multiplied by the horizontal pitch PH of the grid G.
• the spatial characterization module 328 determines the number of consecutive measurement positions located on the reverse side of the plates P1, P2 whose maximum temperature exceeds the melting temperature and deduces therefrom the reverse length L2 of the weld bead 202.
• This reverse length L2 is for example taken equal to the determined number (from which one subtracts 1) multiplied by the horizontal step PH of the grid G.
• FIG. 7 illustrates the zone 702 of the grid G grouping together the intersections where the maximum temperature exceeds the te melting temperature and the zone 704 grouping together the intersections where the maximum temperature remains lower than the melting temperature.
• the use of virtual sensors allows the computer program 310 to determine the spatial characteristics L1, L2 in a stable manner from one determination to another.
• the spatial characterization module 328 determines this area, for example from the number of measurement positions whose maximum temperature exceeds the melting temperature. (that is to say the number of intersections of the grid G comprised in the zone 702), of the horizontal pitch PH and of the vertical pitch PV.
• the evolution over time of the displacement of at least a part of the measurement positions can also be used to determine a spatial characteristic of the weld bead 202.
• step 420 at the end of step 420, a set of simulated points is thus obtained.
• the method 400 then comprises several successive iterations of the following steps 428, 430, 432.
• the extrapolation module 330 determines so-called extrapolated points of the function by extrapolation from the simulated points.
• the search module 332 determines a point of the function, called the target point, where each spatial characteristic L1, L2 of the weld bead 202 has a value close to the desired value.
• the spatial characterization module 328 determines (for example in the same way as previously described) a value of each spatial characteristic L1, L2 of the weld bead 202 from the values of the parameters PS , GS, VS of the heat source 104 for the target point.
• a new simulated point of the function is obtained, this point grouping together the values of the parameters PS, GS, VS of the heat source 104 for the target point and the value of each spatial characteristic L1, L2 of the weld bead 202 obtained at step 432.
• This new simulated point completes the other simulated points for the following iteration.
• the reiteration of the preceding steps 428, 430, 432 is preferably stopped when a predefined condition is fulfilled, for example after a predefined number of iterations or else when the values of the spatial characteristics L1, L2 found at the last iteration are very close to the values found at the previous iteration.
• the computer program 310 supplies the values of the parameters PS, GS, VS of the heat source 302 of the target point obtained at the last iteration of steps 428, 430, 432.
• the weld bead 302 is made from the heat source 104 configured according to the values supplied by the computer program 310.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
• Geometry (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

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• 2020
  • 2020-07-10 FR FR2007370A patent/FR3112298A1/fr active Pending
• 2021
  • 2021-07-02 US US18/014,534 patent/US20230249275A1/en active Pending
  • 2021-07-02 CN CN202180048581.4A patent/CN115835931A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-07-02 WO PCT/FR2021/051210 patent/WO2022008821A1/fr unknown
  • 2021-07-02 EP EP21748912.9A patent/EP4178753A1/de active Pending

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