EP4174371A2 - Système de mélange d'hydrogène - Google Patents

Système de mélange d'hydrogène Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4174371A2
EP4174371A2 EP22199839.6A EP22199839A EP4174371A2 EP 4174371 A2 EP4174371 A2 EP 4174371A2 EP 22199839 A EP22199839 A EP 22199839A EP 4174371 A2 EP4174371 A2 EP 4174371A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing system
air
hydrogen gas
mixing
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22199839.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4174371A3 (fr
Inventor
Jacob Cleary
Dave Killer
Tony Bailey
Matthew Bower
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beckett Thermal Solutions
Original Assignee
Beckett Thermal Solutions
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beckett Thermal Solutions filed Critical Beckett Thermal Solutions
Publication of EP4174371A2 publication Critical patent/EP4174371A2/fr
Publication of EP4174371A3 publication Critical patent/EP4174371A3/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/44—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/441—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits
    • B01F25/4413—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits the slits being formed between opposed conical or cylindrical surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/10—Mixing gases with gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/10—Mixing gases with gases
    • B01F23/19—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Arrangements, e.g. comprising controlling means
    • B01F23/191—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Arrangements, e.g. comprising controlling means characterised by the construction of the controlling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B01F25/102—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components wherein the vortex is created by two or more jets introduced tangentially in separate mixing chambers or consecutively in the same mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/46—Homogenising or emulsifying nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/912—Radial flow
    • B01F2025/9121—Radial flow from the center to the circumference, i.e. centrifugal flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/93—Arrangements, nature or configuration of flow guiding elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/501—Mixing combustion ingredients, e.g. gases, for burners or combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14701—Swirling means inside the mixing tube or chamber to improve premixing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to fuel burning systems, and specifically to a mixing system for a hydrogen combustor.
  • Hydrogen gas is an extremely volatile and easy to ignite gaseous fuel. Over time, it has become apparent that the traditional manner of mixing gas and air in the blower motor using hydrogen is undesirable as a flashback condition may occur. With this in mind, it has become more tenable to operate a hydrogen burner by providing the fuel/air mixer downstream of the blower motor and upstream of the burner surface.
  • a system for mixing hydrogen gas and air includes a housing extending from a first end to a second end and defining a mixing chamber. The second end receives the air.
  • a tubular mixer is provided in the mixing chamber and extends along a central axis from a first end to a second end.
  • the mixer has an outer surface and an inner surface defining a central passage. The second end is closed by an end wall in a fluid-tight manner.
  • the mixer has first fluid directing structure for directing the air and the hydrogen gas radially inward from the mixing chamber to the central passage to form a mixture of hydrogen gas and air.
  • a distributor is secured to the first end of the housing and receives the mixture of hydrogen gas and air from the first end of the mixer.
  • the distributor includes second fluid directing structure for directing the mixture radially outward to a burner to be ignited.
  • a device for mixing hydrogen gas and air in another example, includes a tube extending along a central axis from a first end to a second end.
  • the tube has an outer surface and an inner surface defining a central passage.
  • the second end is closed by an end wall in a fluid-tight manner.
  • Fluid directing structure is provided around the tube for directing the air and the hydrogen gas radially inward from outside the tube to the central passage to form a mixture of hydrogen gas and air that rotates radially about the central axis along the interior of the tube.
  • the present invention relates generally to fuel burning systems, and specifically to a mixing system for a hydrogen combustor.
  • Figs. 1-2 illustrate an example mixing system 30 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the mixing system 30 can be used in industrial, household, and commercial heating appliances such as, for example, a water heater, boiler, furnace, etc. More specifically, the mixing system 30 shown and described herein can be used in a hydrogen boiler, hydrogen instantaneous water heater or any gas system configured to operate with a pre-mixed burner and run on 100% or substantially 100% hydrogen.
  • the mixing system 30 extends along a centerline 32 from a first end 34 to a second end 36.
  • the first end 34 forms a downstream end and the second end 36 forms an upstream end.
  • the mixing system 30 includes a housing 50 extending from a first end 52 to a second end 54.
  • the housing 50 has an inner surface 56 defining a passage or mixing chamber 58.
  • the passage 58 extends the entire length of the housing 50 and receives air A at the second end 54 of the housing 50.
  • a flange 60 extends radially outward from the first end 52 of the housing 50.
  • a counterbore 62 extends into the first end 52 of the housing 50 towards the second end 54 and is coextensive with the passage 58.
  • At least one opening 70 extends radially through the housing 50 to the mixing chamber 58.
  • each opening 70 can form a gas inlet opening for receiving fuel, e.g., hydrogen gas.
  • the mixing system 30 further includes a mixer or mixing device 80 for producing a swirling, spiraling and/or rotating mixture of air and fuel within its interior.
  • the mixer 80 includes a tube 82 extending along a central axis 84 from a first, downstream end 90 to a second, upstream end 92.
  • the tube 82 includes an inner surface 94 defining an interior or central passage 96 and an outer surface 100.
  • the first end 90 of the tube 82 includes a radially extending flange 102.
  • a wall 110 ( see Fig. 2) is secured to the second end 92 of the tube 82 to seal the upstream end of the central passage 96 in a fluid-tight manner.
  • the periphery of the tube 82 includes fluid directing structure 120 for directing fluid radially inward from outside the tube to the central passage 96 to thereby homogenously mix air and fuel therein.
  • the fluid directing structure 120 includes a series of openings 122 arranged in rows encircling the axis 84 to form endless loops about the axis.
  • the rows are arranged along the length of the tube 82.
  • a fin or guide 124 is associated with each opening 122.
  • the guides 124 within each row can face the same direction (as shown) or different directions (not shown).
  • the guides 124 in different rows can face the same direction or different directions.
  • the fluid directing structure 120 can constitute any of the fluid directing structure configurations shown and described in U.S. Patent No. 9,528,698 (issued December 27, 2016 ), the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein. As shown, all the guides 124 are configured to direct fluid circumferentially about the axis 84 in a rotating or swirling manner, although rotating or swirling is not required so long as the fluid flowing through the fluid directing structure 120 is homogenously mixed.
  • the mixing system 30 further includes a distributor 140 (Figs. 4A-4B).
  • the distributor 140 includes a hollow base 142 having a centerline 144. In one example, the base 142 is domed. In any case, the base 142 defines a cavity 150. A flange 152 extends radially outward from the base 142.
  • Fluid directing structure 160 is provided on the base 142, e.g., on the exterior thereof. In one example, the fluid directing structure 160 includes a series of hollow projections 162 that each have a passage 164 in fluid communication with the cavity 150 and extend the entire length of the projection. Consequently, the passages 164 fluidly connect the cavity 150 to the exterior of the distributor 140.
  • the passages 164 can have longitudinal cross-sections that are hemispherical, round, triangular, polygonal etc.
  • the projections 162 extend radially outward from the centerline 144 and are symmetrically arranged about the centerline 144.
  • the longitudinal trajectory of each projection 162 can intersect the centerline 144 or be spaced/offset therefrom. That said, the projections 162 can also extend in directions that include axial and/or circumferential components relative to the centerline 144 (not shown).
  • the projections 162 can be arranged in multiple rows 170, 172 (as shown) or a single row. When multiple rows 170, 172 are provided, the rows can be stacked atop one another in a direction along the centerline 144.
  • the projections 162 in each row can have the same length in the radial direction or different lengths. Moreover, the projections 162 of one row can have the same length as the projections in any other row or have different lengths. In the example shown, the projections 162 in the row closest to the base 142 are longer than the projections in the adjacent row further from the base.
  • the projections 162 in each row can be circumferentially aligned with the projections of adjacent row(s) (as shown) or circumferentially offset from the projections in adjacent row(s) (not shown). It will be appreciated that the projections 162 can also be asymmetrically arranged about the centerline 144 in the first row 170 and/or in the second row 172.
  • the mixer 80 When the mixing system 30 is assembled (Fig. 2), the mixer 80 is positioned in the mixing chamber 58 such that the flange 102 is located in the counterbore 62 and abuts the housing 50.
  • the second end 92 of the mixer 80 is positioned closer to the second end 54 of the housing 50.
  • the gas inlet opening 70 is positioned upstream of the mixer 80.
  • the flange 102 is secured to the housing 50 in a fluid-tight manner via fasteners, weld, etc., to prevent fluid from flowing within the mixing chamber 58 and along the outside of the mixer 80 to exit the housing 50 radially outward from the tube 82.
  • the flange 152 on the distributor 140 abuts the flange 60 on the housing 50 to fluidly connect the central passage 96 with the cavity 150.
  • the flanges 60, 152 are secured to one another via fasteners, weld, etc. in a manner the fluidly seals the distributor 140 to the housing 50.
  • the only fluid path from the mixing chamber 58 to the exterior of the distributor 140 is radially inward through the fluid directing structure 120, into the central passage 96, into the cavity 150, and out through the passages 164 in the projections 162.
  • the mixing system 30 can be positioned between a blower 180 and a burner/burner head 200. More specifically, the mixing system 30 is positioned downstream of an output/discharge 182 of the blower 180 such that the mixing chamber 58 is in fluid communication with the discharge and therefore capable of receiving air A therefrom ( see also Fig. 2). To this end, the discharge 182 and mixing cavity 58 can be directly or indirectly connected to one another.
  • the blower 180 supplies the air A from the blower 180 to the mixing system 30.
  • a fuel source (not shown) supplies fuel (indicated generally at F) - in this case hydrogen gas - to a fuel pipe or fuel line 192 that extends into or is otherwise fluidly connected to the opening 70 in the housing 50. Consequently, the mixing chamber 58 receives both air A (from the blower 180) and hydrogen gas F (from the fuel source 190).
  • the air A flows in the manner R 1 radially outward from the centerlines 32, 84 and to the annular/radial space between the inner surface 56 of the housing 50 and the outer surface 100 of the tube 80.
  • the air A flows in the manner R 1 , it entrains and mixes with the incoming fuel F.
  • the air A and fuel F begin mixing with one another as they both flow in the manner R 1 into the space between the housing 50 and the tube 80.
  • the flange 102 prevents fluid flow downstream of the tube 80 from outside the tube. That said, the mixing air A and fuel F flows radially inward from the mixing space 58, through the fluid directing structure 120, and into the central passage 96.
  • the fluid directing structure 120 is configured to direct fluid radially inward from outside the tube 82 to the central passage 96 in a manner that causes the fluid to mix, e.g., by rotating and/or swirling around the axis 84 in the manner indicated generally at R 2 .
  • This turbulent action induces additional mixing of the air A and fuel F into a substantially homogenous or homogenous mixture.
  • the now turbulent mixture flows downstream through the tube 82 (and around/about the axis 84) and into the cavity 150 of the distributor 140.
  • the downstream side of the distributor 140 is fluidly connected to an inlet 202 of the burner 200.
  • the connection can be direct or indirect.
  • the mixture of air A and fuel F flows through the cavity 150 and out of the distributor 140 through the passages 164 in the manner indicated generally at R 3 .
  • the distributor 140 is configured to direct fluid from the cavity 150 and radially outward in directions extending away from the centerline 144 in the directions indicated generally at R 3 ( see also Fig. 1).
  • the mixture flows out of the passages 164 and into the burner head 200, where it is ignited by an igniter (not shown) and exits an outlet(s) 204 of the burner as one or more flames FL.
  • an igniter not shown
  • the mixing system shown and described herein includes the housing, mixer, and distributor, it will be appreciated that the mixing system can alternatively be configured to omit the housing and/or the distributor.
  • the mixing system shown and described herein is advantageous in that it produces a homogenous air-hydrogen gas mixture downstream of the blower, which helps to mitigate the aforementioned flashback issues. Furthermore, providing a homogenous mixture downstream of the burner also allows the mixing system to help deliver a uniform or substantially uniform flow of the mixture to the burner surface, thereby improving performance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
EP22199839.6A 2021-10-06 2022-10-05 Système de mélange d'hydrogène Pending EP4174371A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202163252858P 2021-10-06 2021-10-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4174371A2 true EP4174371A2 (fr) 2023-05-03
EP4174371A3 EP4174371A3 (fr) 2023-06-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22199839.6A Pending EP4174371A3 (fr) 2021-10-06 2022-10-05 Système de mélange d'hydrogène

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20230104586A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4174371A3 (fr)
CA (1) CA3178419A1 (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9528698B2 (en) 2011-08-11 2016-12-27 Richard D. Cook Burner

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE818072C (de) * 1948-12-05 1951-10-22 Christian Stoll Gasbrenner mit Vormischung, insbesondere fuer Industrieoefen
KR101303126B1 (ko) * 2011-12-05 2013-09-09 주식회사 경동나비엔 연소장치
US9388983B2 (en) * 2013-10-03 2016-07-12 Plum Combustion, Inc. Low NOx burner with low pressure drop
EP3688373A4 (fr) * 2017-09-25 2021-04-21 Beijing Zhongyu Topsun Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Brûleurs et leurs procédés d'utilisation

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9528698B2 (en) 2011-08-11 2016-12-27 Richard D. Cook Burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20230104586A1 (en) 2023-04-06
CA3178419A1 (fr) 2023-04-06
EP4174371A3 (fr) 2023-06-28

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