EP4172695A1 - Optisches element für den vuv-wellenlängenbereich, optische anordnung und verfahren zum herstellen eines optischen elements - Google Patents
Optisches element für den vuv-wellenlängenbereich, optische anordnung und verfahren zum herstellen eines optischen elementsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4172695A1 EP4172695A1 EP21731100.0A EP21731100A EP4172695A1 EP 4172695 A1 EP4172695 A1 EP 4172695A1 EP 21731100 A EP21731100 A EP 21731100A EP 4172695 A1 EP4172695 A1 EP 4172695A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- optical element
- layer
- fluoride
- coating
- ion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0891—Ultraviolet [UV] mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70316—Details of optical elements, e.g. of Bragg reflectors, extreme ultraviolet [EUV] multilayer or bilayer mirrors or diffractive optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/7095—Materials, e.g. materials for housing, stage or other support having particular properties, e.g. weight, strength, conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient
- G03F7/70958—Optical materials or coatings, e.g. with particular transmittance, reflectance or anti-reflection properties
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optical element for the VUV wavelength range, comprising: a substrate and a coating applied to the substrate.
- the invention also relates to an optical arrangement for the VUV wavelength range, for example a wafer inspection system or a VUV lithography system, which has at least one optical element which is designed as described above, and a method for producing an optical element, comprising: Applying a coating to a substrate.
- the VUV wavelength range is understood to mean a wavelength range between 100 nm and 200 nm (VUV wavelength range according to DIN 5031 Part 7).
- Optical arrangements or systems which are designed for the VUV wavelength range and which are suitable, for example, for the inspection of wafers require broadband, radiation-stable optical elements such as mirrors, windows or beam splitters.
- wavelengths smaller than 160 nm it is challenging to develop coatings or layers that have a long service life when exposed to high power. This is due, among other things, to the fact that during irradiation at these wavelengths the energy of the light is sufficient to produce defects in the layer via one-photon processes.
- the generation of defects represents the beginning of a degradation process in fluoride layers during irradiation with radiation in the VUV wavelength range, which can have the following steps, for example:
- PCT / EP2019 / 083632 describes an optical arrangement in the form of a wafer inspection system which has a gas inlet which is designed or configured to supply an adsorbate, in particular water, into the interior at least during the irradiation of the surface.
- adsorbate in particular water
- US 2010/0108958 A1 describes an optical element for the transmission of radiation at wavelengths below 250 nm that is said to have improved laser resistance.
- the optical element consists of a calcium fluoride crystal which is doped with at least one material that is intended to prevent the formation of Ca colloids.
- the Ca colloids that result from the combination of Ca with F centers are considered to be the cause of the reduction in the laser resistance of the optical element. F centers arise when fluorine reaches the surface from the volume of the optical element and is released from there to the environment.
- the optical element can have a coating with at least one material selected from the groups: fluorides, oxides and fluorinated oxides.
- US 2003/0094129 A1 describes a crystal material for use in a refractive lithography system at wavelengths below 160 nm, which contains an alkali metal-alkaline earth metal mixed crystal, an alkaline earth metal Has alkaline earth metal mixed crystal or an alkaline earth metal-lanthanum mixed crystal.
- EP 1 394590 A1 describes a method for producing a calcium fluoride crystal with a sodium concentration of less than approximately 0.2 ppm. Such a crystal is said to have a high level of laser resistance when exposed to laser radiation at a wavelength of 193 nm.
- WO 2008/071411 A1 describes an optical element with a base body made of a metal fluoride with increased laser resistance, on which a coating with at least one layer of a metal fluoride mixed crystal is applied if necessary.
- the metal fluoride mixed crystal can have the composition (MF n ) i- x (RF n + m ) x , where M denotes a chemical element of the first or second group of the periodic table, R denotes an element of the second, third or fourth group of the periodic table and n and m are integers.
- DE 102018211 498 A1 describes an optical arrangement with at least one reflective optical element, which is designed as a polished metal or silicon surface.
- the reflective surface can have a protective layer, which has one or more layers of a material from the group of AIF3, LiF, NaF, MgF2, CaF2, LaF3, GdF3, H0F3, ErF3, NasAIFö, NasA Fiö, ZrF4, HfF4, S1O2, AI2O3, Has MgO and their combinations.
- a method for producing a reflective optical element for the VUV wavelength range has become known from DE 102018211 499 A1.
- At least a first and a second layer are applied to a substrate, one of the two layers being a metal fluoride layer and the other being an oxide layer.
- the layers below should be protected by the oxide layer.
- DE 102018211 499 A1 also states that Oxide layers at wavelengths of less than 160 nm can lead to large reflection losses. The loss of reflectivity should be reduced by positioning the oxide layer in an area of low field strength.
- the object of the invention is to provide an optical element, an optical arrangement with at least one such optical element, and a method for producing an optical element, which enable a longer service life when irradiated with radiation in the VUV wavelength range.
- this object is achieved by an optical element of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the coating has at least one fluorine scavenger layer which comprises a fluoride material which is doped with at least one, preferably metallic, doping ion.
- the optical element can be a fluoridic functional optical element or a fluoridically protected optical element, for example an (Al) mirror or a fluoridically protected transmitting optical element.
- the fluoride material (eg LaFs) of the fluorine scavenger layer which is typically an ionic crystal, be doped with a (positively charged) doping ion (cation, eg Gd 3+ ) .
- a doping ion e.g Gd 3+
- This cation can bind the fluorine atoms / fluoride ions generated by one-photon processes during VUV irradiation in the layer and thus counteract any loss of fluorine through the surface.
- the doping ion e.g.
- Gd 3+ forms a complex with the interstitially diffusing fluorine / fluoride (in this case, for example, as a Fl center (F2 interstitial) or V k center defect (F2 coupling via two adjacent lattice sites)) that enhances mobility the fluorine species reduced.
- the interstitially diffusing fluorine / fluoride in this case, for example, as a Fl center (F2 interstitial) or V k center defect (F2 coupling via two adjacent lattice sites)
- the doping of flalogenides, especially fluorides, is known from photostimulable X-ray storage foils (“storage phosphors”) in electronically readable X-ray dosimeters.
- storage phosphors photostimulable X-ray storage foils
- the material of such an X-ray storage film is irradiated, for example BaFBr: Eu 2+ or CsBr: Eu 2+
- electron-hole pairs generated are captured locally due to the doping in order to generate a latent image or to store information, cf.
- the doping is used in order to avoid the diffusion of fluorine atoms or at least to slow it down considerably. This makes use of the fact that initially the same defects are generated in the respective fluoride material when irradiated with X-rays as when irradiated with radiation in the VUV wavelength range.
- the coating has at least one fluoride layer and the fluorine scavenger layer is applied to a side of the fluoride layer facing away from the substrate. In this case, the fluorine scavenger layer serves to prevent the diffusion of fluorine from the fluoride layer into the environment.
- the coating can only have a fluoride scavenger layer (without a fluoride layer), which can be used, for example, as a protective layer for a transparent substrate, for a mirror, etc. serves.
- the fluoride material has a preferably metallic host lattice ion, the ion radius of which deviates from an ion radius of the doping ion by no more than 20%, preferably by no more than 15%.
- a slight deviation (of less than 15%) between the ion radius of the doping ion and the ion radius of the cation of the fluorine material is necessary in order to form a stable mixed crystal or a stable layer (Vegard’s rule).
- the deviation of the ion radius Ri of the (metallic) host lattice ion of the fluoride material from the ion radius R D of the doping ion is determined according to the following formula:
- the host lattice ion of the fluoride material has the same valence (ion charge) as the doping ion. This is a sufficient condition for the stability of the ionic lattice, but it is not a necessary condition: It is documented from X-ray imaging plates that with monovalent host lattices such as Li + F _ other values (2-value, 3-value, ... .) metallic doping ions (eg based on Mg, Ti, Ce) can be used.
- the doping ion has an electron configuration with at least one unpaired valence electron, preferably an electron configuration with a half-filled orbital.
- Unpaired valence electrons of the doping ion are usually required for complex formation with the interstitial fluorine. If the doping ion has a half-filled orbital, ie if it has half the number of the maximum possible number of valence electrons for the respective orbital, this represents a chemically particularly stable configuration.
- the condition given here is also a sufficient one, but unnecessary condition for the doping ions of the fluorine longer layer.
- combinations such as KbR: In + or RbBr: Ga + are documented in the case of X-ray storage foils, in which case the s-ion pairs apparently function as halogen scavengers.
- the fluorine scavenger layer is transparent to radiation in the VUV wavelength range.
- the fluorine scavenger layer should absorb as little radiation as possible in order to avoid degradation.
- the transparency of the fluorine scavenger layer is also generally required if the optical element is a transmitting optical element. The doping ion should therefore be chosen so that its absorption for VUV radiation is as low as possible.
- the doping ion is selected from the group comprising: Gd 3+ , Eu 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 3+ , Ru 3+ and Tl + .
- These doping ions meet the condition formulated above with regard to the electron configuration and have a comparatively low absorption for radiation in the VUV wavelength range.
- These doping ions can also be combined with metallic host lattice ions of the fluoride material which have a suitable ion radius and possibly the same valency (see below).
- the fluoride material has a host lattice ion selected from the group comprising: Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Al 3+ , La 3+ and Y 3+ .
- a host lattice ion selected from the group comprising: Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Al 3+ , La 3+ and Y 3+ .
- Fluoride materials with cations from the (non-exhaustive) list of materials given here have proven to be well suited for the formation of a fluorine scavenger layer.
- the doped fluoride material of the fluorine scavenger layer i.e. the material of the fluorine scavenger layer
- M x + F x - A x +
- M denotes the (usually metallic) atom of the host lattice ion M x + of the fluoride material (e.g. Mg, La, ...)
- A denotes the doping atom of the doping ion A x + (e.g. Gd, Mn, Eu, ...)
- x denotes the valency (ion charge) of the metal atom M and of the doping atom A.
- the doped fluoride material of the fluorine scavenger layer is selected from the group comprising: RbF: TI + , KF: TI + , MgF 2 : Mn 2+ , SrF 2 : Eu 2+ , BaF 2 : Eu 2+ , LaF 3 : Gd 3+ , YF 3 : Gd 3+ , AIF 3 : Fe 3+ .
- RbF TI +
- KF TI +
- MgF 2 Mn 2+
- SrF 2 Eu 2+
- BaF 2 Eu 2+
- LaF 3 Gd 3+
- YF 3 Gd 3+
- AIF 3 Fe 3+
- the doping ion in the doped fluoride material can have a comparatively low concentration between 0.1 at.% And 2.0 at.%, Or between 0.2 at.% And 1.0 at.%.
- a range of values for the doping concentration which is in the order of magnitude of the doping concentration of the materials of X-ray storage foils, has proven to be favorable.
- the doping ion is contained in a further fluoride material which forms a mixed crystal (in the case of metallic cations, an alloy) with the fluoride material.
- a mixed crystal row in the case of metallic cations, an alloy
- a mixed crystal is also understood to mean a pseudo binary mixture of two fluorides which has miscibility gaps in the phase diagram.
- a fluorine scavenger layer in the form of a mixed crystal can be applied in a simple manner (by co-evaporation, see below).
- dielectric applications for example with reflective or anti-reflective coatings, it is necessary in this case to take into account the values of the real part n and the imaginary part k of both fluoride materials of the mixed crystal for the respective coating design.
- the fluorine scavenger layer forms a cover layer of the coating or the fluorine scavenger layer forms a diffusion barrier between the fluoride layer and a further layer, the coating, in particular a further fluoride layer.
- the fluorine scavenger layer forms the top layer of the coating, ie that layer which is arranged farthest from the substrate.
- the fluorine scavenger layer serves to prevent fluorine from escaping into the environment from the fluoride layer underneath.
- the fluorine scavenger layer between the fluoride layer and a further layer for example a further fluoride layer, is applied and acts as a diffusion barrier between the two surrounding layers. It goes without saying that one and the same coating can have both a fluorine scavenger layer as a cover layer of the coating and at least one further fluorine scavenger layer as a diffusion barrier.
- the coating forms a (highly) reflective coating or an anti-reflective coating.
- the coating can form a multilayer coating which has a plurality of layer pairs with two layers, each with different refractive indices. Due to the doping or possibly for other reasons, the fluorine scavenger layer has a refractive index which typically deviates from the refractive index of the fluoride layer to which it is applied. Therefore, the fluorine scavenger layer and the fluoride layer can form a pair of layers of a functional multilayer coating.
- the coating typically has a predetermined number of layer pairs, generally of identical thickness, in order to generate the reflective effect or the antireflective effect of the coating by means of interference effects.
- the fluorine scavenger layer fulfills a double function, since it not only prevents the diffusion of fluorine atoms or serves as a protective layer, but also has an optical effect and contributes to the reflective or antireflective effect of the coating.
- the coating is typically a reflective optical element, for example a mirror.
- the mirror or the reflective coating can, for example, have an aluminum layer, the reflective effect of which is provided by the fluoride layers or the fluorine scavenger layer (s) in it reflective effect is reinforced.
- the fluoride layers or the fluorine scavenger layer (s) also serve to protect the aluminum layer from degradation.
- the optical element is typically designed as a transmissive optical element.
- the optical element can have, for example, a preferably crystalline, in particular ionic substrate, which is formed from MgF 2 , CaF 2 , LiF, for example.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to an optical arrangement for the VUV wavelength range, in particular a wafer inspection system or a VUV lithography system, comprising: at least one optical element which is designed as described above.
- the optical element can be a reflective optical element for radiation in the VUV wavelength range or, alternatively, a transmissive optical element which is designed for the passage of radiation in the VUV wavelength range.
- the optical element can also be a beam splitter that either transmits or reflects radiation depending on the wavelength or, for example, the polarization of the radiation in the VUV wavelength range.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which at least one fluorine scavenger layer is applied when the coating is applied, the fluorine scavenger layer having a fluoride material which is doped with at least one doping ion.
- the fluorine scavenger layer has a fluoride material which is doped with at least one doping ion.
- the fluorine scavenger layer is preferably applied by simultaneous deposition of the fluoride material and a further fluoride material containing the doping ion.
- the fluorine scavenger layer is deposited by co-evaporation or co-evaporation of two fluoridic (transparent) materials.
- two evaporation sources are typically used for the deposition, one of which contains the fluoride material of the fluoridic crystal lattice and the other of which has a fluoride material containing the doping ion.
- a pseudo binary mixture of the two fluorides can be formed during the deposition (e.g.
- both fluoride materials are present as coating material, are not hygroscopic and are harmless in their handling (i.e. there are no hazard or safety instructions before or there is no health or environmental hazard).
- the fluorine scavenger layer is applied by depositing the fluoride material doped with the doping ion.
- the fluoride material which represents the host lattice for the doping, is doped beforehand with a suitable fluorine scavenger material or with a suitable doping ion via a suitable synthesis.
- the predoped material of the fluorine scavenger layer is transferred stoichiometrically to the substrate or to the fluoride layer in a subsequent coating process, e.g. by deposition from the gas phase.
- the coating has at least one fluoride layer and the at least one fluoride scavenger layer is applied to a side of the fluoride layer facing away from the substrate.
- the fluorine scavenger layer is applied directly to the fluoride layer in order to to avoid diffusion of fluorine into the intervening layers, but this is not absolutely necessary.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an optical arrangement for the
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an optical arrangement for the
- Element that has a coating with a fluorine scavenger layer as a cover layer, and a reflective optical element that has a reflective coating with a plurality of fluorine scavenger layers, and
- FIGS. 4a, b show schematic representations of a substrate of an optical element during the deposition of the fluorine scavenger layer.
- identical reference symbols are used for identical or functionally identical components.
- FIG. 1 an optical arrangement 1 in the form of a VUV lithography system, in particular for wavelengths in the range between 100 nm and 200 nm or 160 nm, is shown schematically.
- the VUV lithography system 1 has, as essential components, two optical systems in the form of an illumination system 2 and a projection system 3.
- the VUV lithography system 1 has a radiation source 4, which can be an excimer laser, for example, which emits radiation 5 at a wavelength in the VUV wavelength range of, for example, 193 nm, 157 nm or 126 nm and can be an integral part of the VUV lithography system 1.
- the radiation 5 emitted by the radiation source 4 is processed with the aid of the illumination system 2 in such a way that a mask 6, also called a reticle, can be illuminated with it.
- the lighting system 2 has both transmitting and reflecting optical elements.
- a transmitting optical element 7, which bundles the radiation 5, and a reflective optical element 8, which deflects the radiation 5, for example, are represented in FIG. 1.
- the most varied of transmitting, reflecting or other optical elements can be combined with one another in any desired, even more complex manner in the lighting system 2.
- the mask 6 has a structure on its surface which is transferred to an optical element 9 to be exposed, for example a wafer, within the scope of the production of semiconductor components, with the aid of the projection system 3.
- the mask 6 is designed as a transmitting optical element.
- the mask 6 can also be designed as a reflective optical element.
- the projection system 2 has at least one transmitting optical element.
- two transmitting optical elements 10, 11 are shown as representatives, which serve, for example, to reduce the structures on the mask 6 to the size desired for the exposure of the wafer 9.
- Reflective optical elements among other things, can also be provided in the projection system 3 and any optical elements can be combined with one another in a known manner. It should be pointed out that optical arrangements without transmissive optical elements can also be used for VUV lithography.
- FIG. 2 An exemplary embodiment of an optical arrangement in the form of a wafer inspection system 21 is shown schematically in FIG. 2.
- the following explanations also apply analogously to inspection systems for inspecting masks.
- the wafer inspection system 21 has an optical system 22 with a radiation source 24, the radiation 25 of which is directed onto a wafer 29 by means of the optical system 22.
- the radiation 25 is reflected onto the wafer 29 by a concave mirror 26.
- a mask to be examined could be arranged instead of the wafer 29.
- the radiation reflected, diffracted and / or refracted by the wafer 29 is guided by a further concave mirror 28, which is also belonging to the optical system 22, via a transmitting optical element 27 to a detector 30 for further evaluation.
- the radiation source 24 can be, for example, precisely one radiation source or a combination of several individual radiation sources in order to provide an essentially continuous radiation spectrum.
- one or more narrow-band radiation sources 24 can also be used will.
- the wavelength or the wavelength band of the radiation 25 generated by the radiation source 24 is preferably in the range between 100 nm and 200 nm, particularly preferably between 110 nm and 190 nm.
- the lighting system 2 has a housing 12 in which an interior space 13 is formed, in which the transmissive optical element 7 and the reflective optical element 8 are arranged in the form of the mirror.
- the optical system 22 of the wafer inspection system 21 of FIG. 2 also has a housing 32 in which an interior 33 is formed in which the two mirrors 26, 28 and the transmissive optical element 27 are arranged.
- the lithography system 1 of FIG. 1 also has a gas inlet 14 which is used to supply an inert gas, for example in the form of a noble gas, i.e. in the form of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe or in the form of nitrogen (N2) into the interior 13 serves.
- the wafer inspection system 21 from FIG. 2 also has a gas inlet 34 which is used to feed an inert gas into the interior 33 of the housing 32 of the optical system 22.
- FIG. 3 a shows, by way of example, the transmitting optical element 7 from FIG. 1 in a detailed illustration.
- the transmitting optical element 7 has a substrate 7a made of an ionic crystal, for example in the form of MgF2, and is irradiated with radiation 5 from the radiation source 4, which typically has a high intensity.
- a coating 15 is applied to a surface of the substrate 7a, which in the example shown has a fluoride layer 16 and a fluorine scavenger layer 17 applied to it.
- the high radiation intensity can lead to a degradation of the fluoride layer 16 in which fluorine defects are generated and interstitial fluorine is formed.
- a fluoride scavenger layer 17 is applied to the fluoride layer 16 in the example shown in FIG. 3a.
- the material of the fluoride layer 16 can be, for example, MgF2, AlF3, LiF, LaF3, GdF3, BaF2 or another transparent fluoride material.
- the transmitting optical element 27 shown in FIG. 2 has a substrate 27a made of an ionic crystal and a coating 15 (not shown) which differs from the coating 15 shown in FIG Has fluorine scavenger layer 17.
- the coating 15 of the transmitting optical element 27 thus consists of the fluorine scavenger layer 17, which can be designed like the fluorine scavenger layer 17 described in connection with FIG. 3a.
- FIG. 3b shows, by way of example, the reflective optical element 8 from FIG. 1 in a detailed illustration.
- the reflective optical element 8 has a substrate 8a made of, for example, a fluoride material or silicon.
- a reflective coating 15 for reflecting the VUV radiation 5 is applied to the substrate 8a.
- the fluorine scavenger layers 17a, ..., 17m serve as diffusion barriers between two adjacent fluoride layers 16b, ..., 16n.
- the pairs of layers 16a, 17a, ..., 16n, 17n serve on the one hand to protect the aluminum layer 18 from oxidation and on the other hand to increase the reflectivity of the coating 15 for the radiation 5 in the VUV wavelength range.
- the refractive indices of the respective layer pairs 16a, 17a are or can be provided with a reflective coating 15 in an analogous manner.
- the layer pairs 16a, 17a,..., 16n, 17n can also be applied to the transmitting optical element 7 shown in FIG. 3a in order to form an anti-reflective coating instead of a reflective coating.
- the layer thicknesses and the material pairings of the respective layer pairs 16a, 17a, ..., 16n, 17n are suitably adapted. It goes without saying that such an anti-reflective coating 15 does not have an aluminum layer, as is the case with the illustration shown in FIG. 3b.
- the aluminum layer 18 can optionally be dispensed with, ie the reflective coating 15 can be designed as a dielectric multilayer coating which exclusively consists of layer pairs made of a fluoride layer 16a,. 16n as well as a fluoride scavenger layer 17a, ..., 17n applied to the respective fluoride layer 16a, ..., 16n.
- the coating 15 can also have a beam splitter effect, ie transmit a first radiation component and reflect a second radiation component.
- the (partially) transmitting optical element 7, 27 forms a beam splitter in this case.
- the fluorine scavenger layer 17, 17a-17n shown in FIGS. 3a, b is formed from a fluoride material M x + F x as an ionic host lattice which is doped with at least one generally metallic doping ion A x +.
- the doped fluoride material of the fluorine scavenger layer 17, 17a-17n typically has the following chemical structural formula:
- M x + F x - A x + , where M denotes the (usually metallic) atom of the host lattice ion M x + of the fluoride material, A denotes the doping atom of the doping ion A x + and x denotes the valency (ion charge) of the metal atom or the doping atom.
- Suitable materials for the doping A x + for creating a fluorine scavenger layer 17, which potentially forms a stable layer with a fluorine scavenger effect can be selected on the basis of the following criteria:
- a necessary property for the doping ion A + x is that this has an ionic radius R D of the ionic radius Ri of the (metallic) M x + Wirtsgitterions of the fluoride material M x + F x - is similar.
- the ion radius Ri of the metallic host lattice ion M x + should not deviate by more than 20%, in particular by not more than 15%, from the ion radius R D of the doping ion A x + (or vice versa).
- the deviation between the ion radius Ri of the host lattice ion M x + and the ion radius RD of the doping ion A x + is determined according to the following formula:
- a sufficient but not necessary condition on the doping ion A + x is that the Wirtsgitterion M + x of the fluoride material M x + F x x same weight as the doping ion A + x has. It is favorable, but not absolutely necessary, that the host lattice ion M x + and the doping ion A x + have the same valency, ie the same ion charge x.
- the doping ion A x + has an electron configuration with at least one unpaired valence electron.
- Unpaired valence electrons of the doping ion A x + are usually required for a complex formation with the interstitial fluorine, which reduces the mobility of the fluorine species.
- an electron configuration with a half-filled orbital has proven to be advantageous: If the doping ion A x + has a half-filled orbital, this represents a chemically particularly stable configuration.
- the fluorine scavenger layer 17 and also the fluoride layer 16 are generally transparent to the radiation 5 in the VUV wavelength range.
- the doping ions A x + should therefore not contain any material which has a high absorption in the VUV wavelength range.
- LaF 3 : Gd 3+ , MgF 2 : Mn 2+ , SrF 2 : Eu 2+ , BaF 2 : Eu 2+ , YF 3 : Gd 3+ , AIF 3 : Fe 3+ have proven themselves turned out to be favorable.
- the doping ion A x + in the doped fluoride material has a concentration between 0.1 at.% and 2.0 at.%, in particular between 0.2 at.% and 1.0 at.%.
- Is the concentration of the Dotierions A x further increases + the Fluorffiter- forming layer 17, 17a, ..., 17n typically a pseudo-binary mixture or a mixed crystal of the fluoride material M x + F x and another fluoride material A x + F x with the chemical composition
- the respective substrate 7a, 8a is introduced into a coating system (not shown) in which two evaporator sources 19a, 19b are arranged, each of which is designed to evaporate a fluoride material that is on the Substrate 7a, 8a is deposited.
- the substrate 7a, 8a is rotated about its central axis during the deposition, as indicated in Fig. 4a, b.
- the fluoride layer 16 is deposited on the substrate 7a in a first evaporation step in that the first evaporator source evaporates the material of the fluoride layer 16, in the example shown LaF3.
- the host lattice material, in the present example LaF3 is doped beforehand with the doping ion, for example Gd 3+ , and introduced into the second evaporator source 19b.
- the second evaporator source 19b is activated in order to deposit the doped material of the fluorine scavenger layer, for example in the form of LaF3: Gd 3+, stoichiometrically on the fluoride layer 16.
- the first fluoride layer 16a is deposited as described in connection with FIG. 4a by activating the first evaporator source 19a.
- the second evaporator source 19b has a further fluoride material A x + F x which contains the doping ion A x + (in the present example: GdFs).
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020208044.5A DE102020208044A1 (de) | 2020-06-29 | 2020-06-29 | Optisches Element für den VUV-Wellenlängenbereich, optische Anordnung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines optischen Elements |
| PCT/EP2021/064874 WO2022002524A1 (de) | 2020-06-29 | 2021-06-02 | Optisches element für den vuv-wellenlängenbereich, optische anordnung und verfahren zum herstellen eines optischen elements |
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| EP4172695A1 true EP4172695A1 (de) | 2023-05-03 |
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| EP (1) | EP4172695A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7569390B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20230029878A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020208044A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022002524A1 (de) |
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| DE102021203505A1 (de) | 2021-04-09 | 2022-10-13 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abscheiden mindestens einer Schicht, optisches Element und optische Anordnung |
| WO2022255184A1 (ja) | 2021-06-04 | 2022-12-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | 清掃部材及び弾性部材 |
| DE102022210513A1 (de) | 2022-10-05 | 2024-04-11 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Verfahren zum Bilden einer Fluorid- oder Oxyfluoridschicht |
| DE102022210512A1 (de) | 2022-10-05 | 2024-04-11 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nachbehandlung einer Fluoridschicht für ein optisches Element für den VUV-Wellenlängenbereich |
| DE102022210514A1 (de) | 2022-10-05 | 2024-04-11 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer fluoridischen Schutzbeschichtung für ein reflektives optisches Element |
| DE102024205788A1 (de) * | 2024-06-21 | 2025-12-24 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Optisches Element zur Reflexion von Strahlung im VUV-Wellenlängenbereich |
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| JPH10260349A (ja) | 1997-03-18 | 1998-09-29 | Nikon Corp | 紫外線レーザ用結像光学系 |
| US6620347B1 (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2003-09-16 | Coherent, Inc. | Crystalline filters for ultraviolet light sensors |
| US6669920B2 (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2003-12-30 | Corning Incorporated | Below 160NM optical lithography crystal materials and methods of making |
| JP2005189850A (ja) * | 2003-12-15 | 2005-07-14 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | 液浸リソグラフィー用屈折性投影対物レンズ |
| WO2008071411A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-19 | Carl Zeiss Laser Optics Gmbh | Optical element and method for producing said optical element |
| CN101925837B (zh) * | 2007-11-30 | 2013-01-30 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 用于duv元件的致密均匀氟化物膜及其制备方法 |
| US8252208B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2012-08-28 | Corning Incorporated | Calcium fluoride optics with improved laser durability |
| JP5526745B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-04 | 2014-06-18 | 株式会社ニコン | 光学薄膜およびその製造方法、光学薄膜を含む光学多層膜、光学薄膜を有する光学部品、光学部品を含む露光装置および露光方法 |
| JP5854347B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-23 | 2016-02-09 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | 光学部品 |
| US10309907B2 (en) | 2015-03-04 | 2019-06-04 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | All reflective wafer defect inspection and review systems and methods |
| DE102015218763A1 (de) | 2015-09-29 | 2017-03-30 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Reflektives optisches Element |
| DE102016205619A1 (de) * | 2016-04-05 | 2017-10-05 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Abschwächungsfilter für Projektionsobjektiv, Projektionsobjektiv mit Abschwächungsfilter für Projektionsbelichtungsanlage und Projektionsbelichtungsanlage mit Projektionsobjektiv |
| DE102018211498A1 (de) | 2018-07-11 | 2019-08-01 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Optische Anordnung |
| DE102018211499A1 (de) | 2018-07-11 | 2020-01-16 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Reflektives optisches Element und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines reflektiven optischen Elements |
| DE102019219177A1 (de) | 2019-12-09 | 2021-06-10 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Optisches Element mit einer Schutzbeschichtung, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und optische Anordnung |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7569390B2 (ja) | 2024-10-17 |
| WO2022002524A1 (de) | 2022-01-06 |
| US20230147463A1 (en) | 2023-05-11 |
| DE102020208044A1 (de) | 2021-12-30 |
| KR20230029878A (ko) | 2023-03-03 |
| JP2023531547A (ja) | 2023-07-24 |
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