EP4171809A1 - Photo-catalyseur à base de tio2, procédés de préparation dudit photocatalyseur et son utilisation pour dégrader une biomasse - Google Patents
Photo-catalyseur à base de tio2, procédés de préparation dudit photocatalyseur et son utilisation pour dégrader une biomasseInfo
- Publication number
- EP4171809A1 EP4171809A1 EP21733703.9A EP21733703A EP4171809A1 EP 4171809 A1 EP4171809 A1 EP 4171809A1 EP 21733703 A EP21733703 A EP 21733703A EP 4171809 A1 EP4171809 A1 EP 4171809A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- biomass
- support
- degradation
- biomass support
- precursor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/30—Tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
- B01J35/45—Nanoparticles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/04—Mixing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/344—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of photocatalysis.
- Photocatalysis is an oxidation process allowing the production of oxidizing species, in particular radicals, by irradiation at wavelengths corresponding to energies greater than that of the bandgap energy of certain solid semiconductors, in the presence of water and oxygen.
- Photocatalysis involves a photocatalyst, that is, a catalyst activated by light energy with water and oxygen in the air, which are the oxidants.
- the photocatalyst accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction, without being ultimately consumed.
- It is generally a semiconductor belonging to chalcogenides of the oxide (T1O2, ZnO) or sulfide (CdS, ZnS) type.
- Photocatalysis is currently used on an industrial scale in the production of active surfaces, self-cleaning coatings and materials, self-disinfecting agents and even cleaning agents.
- Photocatalysis is also offered in the treatment of water. Other potential applications exist, such as the functionalization of surfaces (surfactant) or the production of hydrogen.
- a review of the processes proposed for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen from biomass was presented in 2016 by “Puga, Photocatalytic production of hydrogen from biomass-derived feedstocks”, Coordination Chemistry Reviews 315, pages 1-66, 2016.
- a short review of the processes proposed for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen from lignocellulosic products in particular wood, sawdust, grass, bagasse, algae
- Kuehnel ⁇ Solar hydrogen generation from lignocellulose '', Angew Chem Int 57, 2018, pages 3290-3296.
- the invention relates more particularly to heterogeneous photocatalysis, the photocatalyst being in the solid phase and the reagents being in the gas or aqueous phase.
- heterogeneous photocatalysis is made up of five stages: the migration of the reactive molecules dispersed in the fluid towards the surface of the catalyst; adsorption of reactive molecules to the surface of the catalyst; the reaction on the surface of the adsorbed phase; desorption of the reaction products; the removal of products from the fluid / catalyst interface.
- the photocatalytic reaction is based on the absorption by the photocatalyst of photons of energy greater than or equal to the energy of its forbidden band.
- the most widely used photocatalyst to date is titanium dioxide (T1O2).
- titanium dioxide occurs mainly in the form of anatase and rutile, and more rarely in the form of brookite or Ti0 2 (B).
- Titanium dioxide is synthesized most often in the anatase form, or in the rutile form, and much more rarely in the form of brookite. There are other forms that are more difficult to synthesize, as well as different TiCh- x suboxides, or TiCL + x superoxides. Titanium dioxide can be synthesized physically, for example by sputtering, or by various chemical synthesis routes, for example by pyrolysis, electrochemical anodization, hydrothermal synthesis, thermohydrolysis, sol-gel process, or by microemulsions, micelles or micelles reverse.
- Aeroxide TÎOP25 previously Degussa P25.
- This product consists of a mixture of approximately 80% anatase and 20% rutile for the crystallized phases and a small fraction of TiO in amorphous form.
- the exact structure of this Aeroxide product is discussed, see for example Jiang et al, “Anatase and rutile in evonik aeroxide P25: heterojunctioned or individual nanoparticles? 'Catalysis today, Vol 300, February 2018, pages 12-17.
- Anatase has a band gap of 3.23 eV.
- the activity of anatase is thus limited to wavelengths less than the width of the forbidden band, ie l ⁇ 387 nm.
- Rutile has a band gap of 3.02 eV.
- the activity of rutile is thus limited to wavelengths less than the width of the forbidden band, ie l ⁇ 411 nm.
- T1O2 is therefore mainly activated by ultraviolet rays, with rutile also absorbing a small part of the visible spectrum.
- the useful wavelength ranges for rutile and anatase correspond to only about 6% of the solar radiation received on Earth, compared to about 50% for the visible domain.
- titanium dioxide is doped.
- a review of the main dopants used was presented in 2019 by Kumaravel et al, "Photocatalytic hydrogen production using metal doped T1O2: a review of recent advances", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental vol 244, 2019, pages 1021-1064.
- the most studied T1O2 dopants to increase hydrogen production by photocatalysis are nitrogen, copper, gold and platinum, as well as nickel, palladium, titanium, and bismuth, other dopants being more rarely offered (beryllium, magnesium, strontium, barium, niobium, chromium, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhenium, silver, boron, indium, carbon, tin, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, neodymium , europium).
- the light source is a xenon lamp or an ultraviolet source. Doping titanium dioxide entails significant costs, in particular when the dopant is a noble metal, or a lanthanide.
- titanium dioxide is sensitized.
- Three types of sensitization can be identified: T heterojunction with a semiconductor, the plasmon effect, and contact with a conjugated compound.
- the most used materials are the oxides ZnO, NiO, CU2O, Sn02, RuCL, ZrCL, B12O3, WO3, Fe203, V2O5, Ag3PÜ4, and also CdS, Ag2S, M0S2, B12S3, CdSe, AgCl, AgBr, Agi, C3N4.
- the anatase structure is associated with noble metal nanoparticles, such as: gold, silver, palladium, or platinum.
- Sensitization by a conjugated compound uses complexes of transition metals such as ruthenium, or iron, or even graphitic carbon, or graphene, aromatic compounds of polythiophenes, polyaninils, or polymers of the type. than polyvinyl alcohol. These conjugated compounds are most often bound to titanium by covalent bonds, but can also be bonded by hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions or Van der Waals.
- the sensitization of titanium dioxide entails significant costs, in particular when the semiconductor used is based on a noble metal, or when a noble metal such as gold, palladium or platinum is used to obtain a plasmon effect. .
- Sensitization by a conjugated compound also entails high costs and requires a certain know-how, in particular for the manufacture of graphene.
- Photocatalysis using titanium dioxide is widely available in the field of effluent treatment, especially water treatment.
- T1O2 on activated carbon is conventionally proposed in conjunction with the manufacture of activated carbon from biomass, in particular lignocellulosic by-products of the agricultural and agrifood industries.
- the T1O2 particles can be fixed on the activated carbon by sol gel route, by vapor deposition, or by impregnation of the activated carbon with suspensions of T1O2 nanoparticles.
- T1O2 titanium dioxide
- the plant substrate serves as a support (bio-template) and the T1O2 particles are obtained by calcination, pyrolysis, or heat treatment transforming the plant substrate into carbon.
- a first object of the invention is to provide a process for degrading biomass by photocatalysis, the photocatalyst being based on titanium dioxide, the process using natural light, without risk of the titanium dioxide being disseminated into the environment.
- a second object of the invention is to provide a process for degrading biomass by photocatalysis, the photocatalyst being based on titanium dioxide, the process allowing, among other things, the production of valuable decomposition products, in particular of alcohol type (isopropanol, methanol , ethanol, glycerol) or others (in particular acetone, acetic acid).
- alcohol type isopropanol, methanol , ethanol, glycerol
- others in particular acetone, acetic acid
- a third object of the invention is to provide a process for degradation of biomass by photocatalysis, the photocatalyst being based on titanium dioxide, the process allowing the recovery of algae, of sewage sludge, of by-products. from the forestry industry such as sawdust, or from products from the food industry such as sorbitol or glucose.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method meeting at least one of the above objects, the method not using a solvent.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a process corresponding to at least one of the above objects, the process using a titanium dioxide sensitized with a metal oxide of the M x O y type .
- the invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a process for preparing a TiC / biomass support photocatalyst with TiC / M x O y nanocrystals, of at least nanometric size and active in photocatalysis at least in the visible range (and therefore active in UV or other radiation), comprising the following sub-steps: a) preparation and heating of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid at a given pH, between 0 and 6, and at a temperature between 20 ° C and 60 ° C, without surfactant; b) addition to the acidic aqueous solution of a titanium oxide precursor, or of a mixture of a titanium oxide precursor T1O 2 and at least one other precursor of another M x O oxide y , composed of 80% to 100% by moles of T1O 2 and from 0% to 20% by moles of another metal or semi-metal oxide M x O y , a precipitate then forming, and stirring of the aqueous reaction medium acid obtained
- the step of heating the reaction medium can have two sub-steps: a first sub-step of heating to a temperature between 30 ° C and 60 ° C, for a first given period; a second sub-step of heating to a temperature between 50 ° C and 90 ° C, for a second given duration.
- the first given duration can be several hours.
- the second given duration can be several hours.
- the titanium precursor is selected from the group comprising titanium isopropoxide, sodium titanate NaiTPXL or a derivative.
- the metal oxide is selected from the group comprising S1O2, ZrCh, AI2O3, Fe203, CeCh, MgO, CuO, NiO, Q12O, SnCh, RuO ⁇ BLCL, WO3, V2O5, Ag3P04.
- the process steps are carried out in the open air, without any co-solvent.
- the invention makes it possible to produce supports that are active in photocatalysis by incorporating materials based on titanium oxide under mild conditions (without surfactant, aqueous medium, requiring little energy, without excessive temperatures),
- step a) the pH is chosen equal to 5, so as to obtain nanocrystals on the biomass support having a stable brookite crystalline form.
- step a) the pH is between 0 and 2, so as to obtain nanocrystals on the biomass support having a rutile crystalline form.
- the first step a) of adding a titanium precursor is carried out with the addition of a metal oxide WO3, the pH of the reaction medium being between 0 and 5.
- the pH of the reaction medium is between 0 and 5.
- the step of heating the acidic aqueous reaction medium comprising the biomass support is carried out between 30 ° C and 100 ° C.
- the T1O2 precursors are formed after a first formation of a precipitate which is stirred vigorously in order to dissolve it in the medium. Then, in this medium, the T1O2 precursors cling to the support on its surface, on or inside, and crystallize only on the surface of the support in one step. In other words, in the present invention, the T1O2 precursors crystallize and grow after hanging on the support.
- the stirring of the acidic aqueous reaction medium is carried out between 800 rev / min and 1200 rev / min.
- the invention relates, according to a second aspect, to a biomass support with photocatalyst, active in photocatalysis at least in the visible range (for example when a 500 W 8550 lumen halogen lamp is used) and therefore is also active in UV or any other radiation.
- the biomass support with photocatalyst is active at least in the visible range, that is to say with a low energy input. Therefore, the support is also active in UV light which has higher energy, thus the support is active in natural light.
- the biomass support with photocatalyst is at least nanometric in size with T1O2 / M x O y nanocrystals attached (grafted) to its surface by covalent bonds, produced by the method as presented above, these nanocrystals being composed of 80% to 100 mol% of TiOict from 0% to 20 mol% of another metallic or semi-metallic oxide M x O y .
- the biomass support is chosen from the group comprising glucose, sorbitol and monocrystalline cellulose.
- the biomass support is chosen from the group comprising algae, wood (in particular crushed pine).
- the support is of micrometric, millimeter, centimeter or greater size.
- the invention relates, according to another aspect, to a process for degrading TiCL photocatalysts / non-degraded biomass support with T1O2 / M x O y nanocrystals from a first biomass support produced according to the process presented above.
- the degradation process comprising:
- a step g) of treatment in acidic aqueous solution of the residue to obtain a recycled photocatalyst solution with T1O2 / M x O y nanoparticles reactive for grafting, forming a new acidic aqueous reaction medium; the reactive T1O2 / M x O y nanoparticles of the residue originating from the first biomass support with photocatalyst degraded into decomposition products;
- step j) drying to form a new biomass support with nanoparticles T1O2 / M x O hung y (grafted) by covalent bonding on the surface, the new support biomass with photocatalyst being active photocatalysis at least in the visible area .
- the heating step i) is carried out at a temperature between 50 and 100 ° C.
- step f) of photocatalytic degradation is carried out in natural light.
- the photocatalytic degradation step is carried out by contacting the air with oxygen, at atmospheric pressure.
- the photocatalytic degradation step is carried out under visible radiation (for example 500W halogen lamp, light intensity 8550 lumen), and even more particularly under natural light.
- visible radiation for example 500W halogen lamp, light intensity 8550 lumen
- the decomposition products obtained are of the alcohol type.
- the decomposition products are chosen from the following list: acetone, isopropanol, methanol, glycerol, acetic acid, glyoxal, ethanol.
- the degradation products include biogas such as, for example, hydrogen and / or methane.
- the decomposition products are obtained without stirring the aqueous solution during step f).
- the invention relates, according to another aspect, to reactive TiCh / MxOy nanoparticles for grafting, and capable of attaching (grafting) by covalent bonds to a photocatalyst support to make it active in photocatalysis at least in the field. visible, from the residue obtained by the degradation process presented above.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the steps of the process for degrading the biomass support by a catalyst based on T1O2, showing the recycling of the residue from the photocatalysis;
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the steps of the process for degrading the biomass support by a catalyst based on T1O2, showing the recycling of the residue from the photocatalysis;
- FIG. 3a represents the variations in absorbance for an activated biomass (TiC / Pin (crushed pine)) before and after two weeks of exposure to natural light; figure 3a-1 shows an enlargement of figure 3a in the region 1800-800 cm
- FIG. 3b represents the variations in absorbance for an activated biomass (T1O2 / AI2O395 / 5pin (crushed pine)) before and after one week of exposure to light
- FIG. 4 represents the variations in absorbance for activated glucose, before and after one week of exposure to natural light
- Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2 show the enlargements of Figure 4 in the regions 3750-2750 cm 1 and 1150-900 cm 1 , respectively
- FIG. 5 represents the variations in absorbance for sorbitol, before and after one week of exposure to natural light
- FIG. 6 represents the variations in absorbance for an activated biomass based on brown algae (Pelvetia canaliculata), before and after one week of exposure to natural light
- FIG. 7 represents the monitoring data in gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, during a treatment of crushed pine biomass in aqueous solution, a concentration of lg / L of activated biomass being dissolved and exposed to natural light;
- figures 7-1, 7-2, 7-3 show the enlargements of figure 7 in the regions 2.55-2.80 min., 3.10-3.50 min., and 10.1-11 min. ., respectively ;
- FIG. 8 represents the monitoring data in gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, during a treatment of activated biomass from crushed pine, the activated biomass supporting recycled titanium dioxide;
- FIGS. 9 to 12 are images obtained by transmission electron microscopy of TiC / biomass composite materials according to the invention, FIG.
- FIG. 9 being a material TiOi / WOi / crushed pine, Fig. 10 a TlC / cellulose material, Fig. 11 a TiC / crushed pine material and Fig. 12 a TiC / glucose material;
- Figures 13a, 13b and 13c are photographs respectively of a Teflon stirring bar (new PTFE, figure 13a), of a stirring bar after 78 hours of stirring in an aqueous solution of TiC / pine (figure 13b), a beaker containing the supernatant isolated from the solution after 78 hours of irradiation (FIG. 13c);
- Figure 14 shows the absorbance of the supernatant, corresponding perfectly with the absorbance of the PFTE;
- FIG. 13a Teflon stirring bar new PTFE, figure 13a
- FIG. 13c shows the absorbance of the supernatant, corresponding perfectly with the absorbance of the PFTE
- FIG. 15 represents the monitoring of the degradation of the pine in the TiC / pine support by following the variations in absorbance, degradation of the Teflon from 9 pm;
- FIG. 16 is a photograph, showing a new pyrex stirring bar (to the left of the image), and a pyrex stirring bar in the presence of degradation of the pin of the TiC / pin support (to the right of the image) ;
- FIG. 17a and 17b represent the monitoring of the degradation of the pine in the TiC / pine support by following the variations in absorbance, degradation of the pyrex glass (borosilicate) from 96 h;
- Figure 18 shows the characteristic absorbance of borosilicate;
- Figure 19 is a photograph which shows a new polypropylene stopper (left) and a polypropylene stopper after being in contact with splashes of algae degradation solution from a TiC / algae support (right of the image );
- FIG. 20 represents the monitoring of the degradation of algae in the TiC / algae support by following the variations in absorbance, degradation of the polypropylene in the stoppers from 80 h;
- FIG. 21 is a photograph which shows a new septum (left) and a septum after being put into a pine degradation of a TiC / pin support (right of the image);
- FIG. 22 represents the characteristic IRTF spectrum of polypropylene;
- FIGS. 23a, 23b and 23c represent the chromatogram for analysis by GC-MS of the degradation of 3-fold concentrated pine, algae and pine, respectively;
- 24a to 24g represent images of a paper clip placed in aqueous solution (water) for 78h by visible light (80001m) with respectively: a) nothing; b) TiC / pin; c) T1O2 of patent EP3393975A1; d) T1O2 P25 Degussa (Aeroxide); e) T1O2 P25
- FIGS. 25a to 25g represent images of a paper clip placed in aqueous solution (water) for 78 hours in the dark with respectively: a) nothing; b) TiC / pin; c) T1O2 of patent EP3393975A1; d) T1O2 P25 Degussa (Aeroxide); e) T1O2 P25 Degussa (Aeroxide) + pine; f) TiCh / algae and g) algae + T1O2 nanoparticles from a first degradation of pine; FIG.
- FIG. 26 is a photograph of a comparison between two pieces of aluminum foil immersed in an aqueous solution irradiated for 3 days respectively on the left alone and on the right in contact with the TiCh / pin support;
- FIG. 27 represents the monitoring of the degradation of a methyl orange solution at lOppm by UV-Visible spectrophotometry irradiated for 1 h by visible light (80001m) in the presence of a TiC / biomass support and Ti02 of patent EP3393975A1 and Ti02 P25 Degussa (Aeroxide);
- FIG. 29 represents the monitoring of the degradation of a solution of rhodamine b (RhB) at 10 ppm by UV-Visible spectrophotometry irradiated for 1 h by visible light (80001 m) in the presence of TiCh / biomass support and of Ti02 of patent EP3393975A1 and TiO2 P25 Degussa (Aeroxide);
- FIG. 30a and 30b represent the monitoring of the absorption of rhodamine b (RhB) at lOppm by UV-Visible spectrophotometry in the dark for 48 hours in the presence of TiC / biomass support and Ti02 of patent EP3393975A1 and Ti02 P25 Degussa (Aeroxide );
- FIG. 31 is an image obtained by scanning electron microscopy of a sample of algae;
- FIGS. 32a and 32b represent the results of the EDX analyzes of a sample of algae.
- a titanium precursor is incorporated in an acidic aqueous solution.
- This aqueous solution is for example prepared by heating an acidic aqueous solution to a pH between 0 and 6, at a temperature between 20 ° C and 60 ° C, by adding hydrochloric acid.
- the aqueous solution is at pH 0, and is formed by adding 10 g of 35% hydrochloric acid to 50 ml of water.
- the preparation of the aqueous solution is advantageously carried out without using a surfactant.
- the titanium precursor is 98% titanium isopropoxide (TTIP, tetraisopropyl orthotitanate CAS 546-68-9). Titanium isopropoxide (Ti (0-i-Pr) 4 ) is a titanium alkoxide.
- the titanium precursor is chosen from sodium titanate NaiThXL or a derivative.
- a mixture of titanium precursor and a metal oxide is used.
- the metal oxide is chosen from S1O2, ZrCL, Al2O3, Fe 2 0 3 , CeCL, MgO, ZnO, NiO, CU2O, SnC> 2, RU0 2, B12O3, WO3, V2O5, Ag P0 4 .
- the incorporation of the titanium precursor or of the mixture of titanium precursor and a metal oxide is carried out at 50 ° C, with stirring.
- the stirring is strong, for example magnetic stirring on the order of 800 rpm. This agitation dissolves the precipitate which forms instantly.
- the T1O 2 obtained is essentially in the form of brookite (when the pH is close to 5), or of rutile (when the pH is chosen around 0-2).
- the metal oxide is WO 3 , and the pH of the reaction medium being between 0 and 5, the T1O 2 obtained being mainly in the anatase form.
- biomass Upon total dissolution of the precipitate which forms instantly, a product derived from biomass (biomass support) is added.
- 300 mg of biomass are added to the acidic aqueous solution formed by adding 10 g of 35% hydrochloric acid to 50 ml of water, containing the titanium precursor and optionally metal oxide.
- Biomass is organic matter of plant (microalgae included), animal, bacterial or fungal (fungi) origin, usable as an energy source (bioenergy).
- the biomass support is chosen from the group comprising glucose, sorbitol, monocrystalline cellulose.
- the biomass support is crushed pine, an algae.
- the biomass is not coal.
- the stirring is carried out using a magnetic stirrer rotating at about 300 rpm.
- the temperature is maintained at 50 ° C. for 24 hours and then increased to 90 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the reaction medium is filtered under vacuum and then dried in an oven, advantageously between 30 and 60 ° C.
- Vacuum filtration makes it possible to isolate an activated biomass 4 which is advantageously in the form of a support with T1O2 nanocrystals, the support being at least micrometric or millimeter in size.
- the activated biomass 4 can be degraded in two ways.
- the activated biomass 4 is degraded into gas, by bringing it into contact with oxygen from the air under visible radiation (for example produced by a 500 W 8550 lumen halogen lamp).
- the activated biomass 4 is dispersed in water 6, at a concentration of the order of 1g / L under visible radiation (for example produced by a 500 W 8550 lumen halogen lamp).
- the acidic aqueous solution 8 is obtained by mixing 10g 35% HCl in 50 mL of water at 90 ° C.
- Biomass 2 is then incorporated into the reaction medium with vigorous stirring.
- 300 mg of biomass 2 are incorporated into the acidic aqueous solution 8 obtained by mixing 10 g 35% HCl in 50 mL of water at 90 ° C.
- reaction medium is filtered and the solid activated biomass obtained is rinsed with water and then dried in an oven, for example at 30 ° C to 60 ° C, or between 40 ° C and 50 ° C.
- the activated biomass obtained can then undergo photocatalysis as described above (by dry or aqueous route), the process operating in a cycle.
- Degradation of a dye by photocatalysis for example methyl orange or rhodamine B, can create titanium dioxide sensitization, the dye being a conjugated compound. This mechanism is known to serve as a model for photodegradation.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the changes in the concentration of methyl orange MO by various activated biomasses (Ti0 2 / pine, T ⁇ q2 / A ⁇ 2q3 / r ⁇ h) compared to the degradations obtained using a commercial titanium dioxide (Aeroxide TÎOP25) , and to the degradations obtained using photocatalysts not supported by a biomass (Ti02 / Al203), the fixing of the photocatalyst (T1O2 or T1O2 / AI2O3) on a biomass such as crushed pine increasing the degradation capacities of methyl orange.
- the fixation of the photocatalyst on a biomass improves the degradation of methyl orange.
- the results obtained for titanium dioxide fixed on crushed pine are superior to those obtained with unbound titanium dioxide, or commercial titanium dioxide.
- the results obtained for the T1O2 / AI2O3 photocatalyst fixed on crushed pine are superior to those obtained with this same photocatalyst not fixed on biomass.
- Figures 3 to 6 show the results of absorbance measurements during photocatalytic degradation tests of biomass, 40 mg of activated biomass being left in the open air, under natural radiation.
- Figures 7, 7-1, 7-2, 7-3 represent gas chromatographic monitoring data with flame ionization detector, during treatment of crushed pine biomass in aqueous solution, a concentration of lg / L of activated biomass being dissolved and exposed to natural light.
- the peaks are seen: at 2.6 minutes for acetone (see Figure 7-1); at 3.1 minutes for methanol and 3.3 minutes for isopropanol (see Figure 7-2), then the decrease in acetone and isopropanol peaks, and the appearance of other peaks: at 10.4 minutes for glyoxal or glycerol (see Figure 7-3).
- FIG. 8 represents the monitoring data in gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, during a treatment of activated biomass from crushed pine, the activated biomass supporting recycled titanium dioxide.
- the comparison of the results obtained before exposure to natural light and after exposure to 1,100 minutes in natural light shows the attenuation of peaks characteristic of pine biomass, the recycled titanium dioxide retaining its photocatalytic capacities.
- the process has many advantages.
- Metal oxides are fixed on micrometric or millimeter surfaces, without risk of dissemination into the environment and without loss of reactivity.
- the supports of metal oxides are degradable by photocatalysis.
- Composite materials allow the treatment and recovery of products derived from biomass, such as, for example, algae, sewage sludge.
- the process allows the production of recoverable decomposition products of alcohol type (isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, glycerol) or others (acetone, acetic acid, etc.) or even biogas (hydrogen, methane, syngas).
- alcohol type isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, glycerol
- biogas hydrogen, methane, syngas
- the process uses natural light, visible light and UV.
- the degradation process operates in the dark.
- the process is integrated in situ, all the stages of the process can be carried out on a single site.
- a biomass support is active in photocatalysis at least in the visible range, by grafting nanoparticles resulting from the degradation process.
- the support is a biomass of a different nature from the biomass used during the degradation process.
- the first biomass used during the degradation process is pine or algae
- the second biomass used is respectively algae or pine.
- the invention provides according to another aspect a process for degrading a solid element with one of the supports described in this invention, the process having the following steps: a) preparation of an aqueous solution comprising a biomass support with a precursor of titanium oxide, or a mixture of a titanium oxide precursor T1O2 and at least one other precursor of another M x O y oxide or nanoparticles resulting from a first degradation, to obtain a support according to one of the methods described in the present invention; b) immersion of a solid element to be degraded in the solution of step a); c) irradiation or darkening of the solution; d) degradation of the biomass support and of the solid element.
- the solid element can be a metal, a polymer such as plastic, Teflon etc.
- the process of degrading a solid element operates in the dark. As shown in Figure 15, the degradation of the biomass leads to the degradation of Teflon (crumbling), there is the appearance of a supernatant in the solution.
- the septum degrades after passage of the TiCL / biomass support (pine and brown algae), as demonstrated in figures 23a, 23b and 23c.
- the chromatograms show a peak of benzothiasole, this compound is used as an additive in the manufacture of rubbers, the compound is not present in crushed pine or brown algae.
- the aqueous solution of T1O 2 or T1O 2 with a biomass support is prepared in daylight.
- the electrons formed by the irradiation and then trapped in the surface of the T1O 2 can continue to react even when the irradiation stops.
- Irradiation of the T1O 2 nanoparticles (rutile) with UV-Visible light at 4K gives weak signals of electrons trapped on the surface of T1O 2 , on the other hand, after the light is switched off, very strong signals of EPR corresponding to the Ti 3+ cation were observed.
- radicals formed during exposure to light may benefit from stabilization due to the presence of biomass.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20183320.9A EP3932548A1 (fr) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Photo-catalyseur à base de tio2, procédés de préparation dudit photocatalyseur et son utilisation pour dégrader une biomasse |
| PCT/EP2021/068014 WO2022003030A1 (fr) | 2020-06-30 | 2021-06-30 | Photo-catalyseur à base de tio2, procédés de préparation dudit photocatalyseur et son utilisation pour dégrader une biomasse |
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| EP4171809A1 true EP4171809A1 (fr) | 2023-05-03 |
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| EP20183320.9A Withdrawn EP3932548A1 (fr) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Photo-catalyseur à base de tio2, procédés de préparation dudit photocatalyseur et son utilisation pour dégrader une biomasse |
| EP21733703.9A Pending EP4171809A1 (fr) | 2020-06-30 | 2021-06-30 | Photo-catalyseur à base de tio2, procédés de préparation dudit photocatalyseur et son utilisation pour dégrader une biomasse |
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| US (1) | US20230294075A1 (fr) |
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| CN115304222B (zh) * | 2022-08-24 | 2023-08-15 | 南京工大环境科技有限公司 | 一种含油仓储废水的处理工艺 |
| CN115672307A (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-02-03 | 上海第二工业大学 | 一种在fto上生长的氧化钨基光电催化材料、制备方法及其应用 |
| EP4601813A1 (fr) * | 2022-10-14 | 2025-08-20 | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique | Procédé de dégradation photocatalytique de matériaux plastiques dans le visible |
| CN115745239B (zh) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-05-16 | 河北工业大学 | 磁场强化光催化-生物直接耦合体系降解抗生素废水的方法 |
| CN116809088A (zh) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-09-29 | 南昌航空大学 | 一种分层的z型异质结Ag3PO4@MoS2光催化剂的制备方法 |
| CN116440867A (zh) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-07-18 | 桂林电子科技大学 | 一种改性笋壳生物质材料及其应用 |
| CN116139921B (zh) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-07-04 | 太原理工大学 | 尾煤基沸石@CDs-TiO2复合光催化剂的制备方法及应用 |
| CN116688968B (zh) * | 2023-05-26 | 2025-06-27 | 广东工业大学 | 一种在中性水介质中高效光催化纤维素重整制氢的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN117299172B (zh) * | 2023-09-13 | 2024-05-07 | 安徽医科大学 | 一种氮化碳/二硫化钼异质结压电光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN117567827B (zh) * | 2024-01-15 | 2024-04-05 | 正晟包装科技(广东)有限公司 | 一种环保型可降解塑料及其制备方法 |
| CN117696079B (zh) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-05-14 | 浙江师范大学杭州校区 | 一种氧化镍复合PbBiO2Br的S型异质结催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN120082377A (zh) * | 2025-04-23 | 2025-06-03 | 东北林业大学 | 一种光热协同催化纤维素制备生物燃料的方法 |
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| CN101151096B (zh) * | 2005-06-09 | 2014-05-07 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 钛氧化物、废气处理用催化剂及废气净化方法 |
| WO2012058869A1 (fr) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-10 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Photocatalyseur à semi-conducteur destiné au reformage catalytique de dérivés de biomasse pour la génération d'hydrogène, sa préparation et son utilisation |
| CN103055955A (zh) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-04-24 | 上海交通大学 | 生物分级多孔结构复合半导体可见光催化材料的制备方法 |
| MX360196B (es) * | 2013-09-25 | 2018-10-11 | Mexicano Inst Petrol | Catalizador de titania nanoestructurada de acidez estabilizada y proceso de obtencion. |
| FR3046157A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-30 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de preparation de nouveaux nanomateriaux |
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- 2021-06-30 EP EP21733703.9A patent/EP4171809A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-06-30 US US18/013,972 patent/US20230294075A1/en active Pending
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| US20230294075A1 (en) | 2023-09-21 |
| WO2022003030A1 (fr) | 2022-01-06 |
| EP3932548A1 (fr) | 2022-01-05 |
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