EP4169105A1 - Pile lithium-ion à haute densité d'énergie spécifique - Google Patents

Pile lithium-ion à haute densité d'énergie spécifique

Info

Publication number
EP4169105A1
EP4169105A1 EP21733131.3A EP21733131A EP4169105A1 EP 4169105 A1 EP4169105 A1 EP 4169105A1 EP 21733131 A EP21733131 A EP 21733131A EP 4169105 A1 EP4169105 A1 EP 4169105A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
separator
current collector
electrode
anode
cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21733131.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Edward Pytlik
David ENSLING
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VARTA Microbattery GmbH
Original Assignee
VARTA Microbattery GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP20181273.2A external-priority patent/EP3916829A1/fr
Application filed by VARTA Microbattery GmbH filed Critical VARTA Microbattery GmbH
Publication of EP4169105A1 publication Critical patent/EP4169105A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/434—Ceramics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention described below relates to a lithium-ion cell which comprises an electrode-separator assembly.
  • Electrochemical cells are able to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy through a redox reaction. They usually include a positive and a negative electrode, which are separated from one another by a separator. In the event of a discharge, electrons are released at the negative electrode through an oxidation process. This results in a stream of electrons that can be tapped from an external electrical consumer for which the electrochemical cell serves as an energy supplier. At the same time, an ion current corresponding to the electrode reaction occurs within the cell. This stream of ions passes through the separator and is made possible by an ion-conducting electrolyte.
  • the discharge is reversible, i.e. there is the possibility of reversing the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy that took place during the discharge and thus recharging the cell, it is called a secondary cell.
  • the designation of the negative electrode as anode and the designation of the positive electrode as cathode, which is generally used in secondary cells, relates to the discharge function of the electrochemical cell.
  • the widespread secondary lithium-ion cells are based on the use of lithium, which can migrate back and forth between the electrodes of the cell in the form of ions.
  • the lithium-ion cells are characterized by a comparatively high energy density.
  • the negative electrode and the positive electrode of a lithium-ion cell are usually formed by so-called composite electrodes which, in addition to electrochemically active components, also include electrochemically inactive components.
  • electrochemically active components for secondary lithium-ion cells
  • active materials in principle all materials can be used that can absorb lithium ions and then release them again.
  • carbon-based particles such as graphitic carbon
  • Other non-graphitic carbon materials that are suitable for intercalation of lithium can also be used.
  • metallic and semi-metallic materials that can be alloyed with lithium can also be used.
  • the elements tin, aluminum, antimony and silicon are able to form intermetallic phases with lithium.
  • active materials for the positive Electrode can, for example, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCo0 2 ), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 0), lithium meisenphosphat (LiFeP0 4 ) or derivatives thereof can be used.
  • the electrochemically active materials are usually contained in the electrodes in particle form.
  • the composite electrodes generally comprise a flat and / or strip-shaped current collector, for example a metallic foil that is coated with an active material.
  • the current collector for the negative electrode can be made of copper or nickel, for example, and the current collector for the positive electrode (cathode current collector) can be made of aluminum, for example.
  • the electrodes can comprise an electrode binder (for example polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or another polymer, for example carboxymethyl cellulose). This ensures the mechanical stability of the electrodes and often also the adhesion of the active material to the current collectors.
  • the electrodes can contain conductivity-improving additives and other additives.
  • Lithium-ion cells usually contain solutions of lithium salts such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) in organic solvents (e.g. ethers and esters of carbon acid) as electrolytes.
  • lithium salts such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 )
  • organic solvents e.g. ethers and esters of carbon acid
  • the composite electrodes are combined with one or more separators to form a composite body.
  • the electrodes and separators are usually connected to one another under pressure, possibly also by lamination or by gluing.
  • the basic functionality of the cell can then be established by impregnating the composite with the electrolyte.
  • the composite body is designed to be flat, so that several composite bodies can be stacked flat on top of one another. Very often, however, the composite body is formed in the form of a roll or processed into a roll.
  • the composite body regardless of whether it is wound or not, comprises the sequence positive electrode / separator / negative electrode.
  • Composite bodies are often produced as so-called bicells with the possible sequences negative electrode / separator / positive electrode / separator / negative electrode or positive electrode / separator / negative electrode / separator / positive electrode.
  • lithium-ion cells with the highest possible energy density are required, which are simultaneously able to handle high currents during charging and discharging will.
  • Cells for the applications mentioned are often designed as cylindrical round cells, for example with a form factor of 21 ⁇ 70 (diameter times height in mm). Cells of this type always comprise a composite body in the form of a coil. Modern lithium-ion cells of this form factor can already achieve an energy density of up to 270 Wh / kg. However, this energy density is only seen as an intermediate step. The market is already demanding cells with even higher energy densities.
  • the internal resistance of the cells which should be kept as low as possible in order to reduce power losses during charging and discharging, and the thermal connection of the electrodes, which can be essential for temperature regulation of the cell, are also extremely important parameters. These parameters are also very important for cylindrical round cells that contain a composite body in the form of a coil.
  • heat build-up can occur in the cells due to power losses, which can lead to massive thermomechanical loads and, as a result, to deformation and damage to the cell structure.
  • the risk is increased when the electrical connection of the current collectors takes place via separate electrical conductor tabs welded to the current collectors, which emerge axially from wound composite bodies, since heating can occur locally on these conductor tabs under heavy loads during charging or discharging.
  • WO 2017/215900 A1 describes cells in which the electrode-separator assembly and its electrodes are in the form of a strip and are in the form of a coil.
  • the electrodes each have current collectors loaded with electrode material. Electrodes with opposite polarity are offset from one another within the electrode-separator assembly, so that the longitudinal edges of the current collectors of the positive electrodes emerge from the coil on one side and the longitudinal edges of the current collectors of the negative electrodes emerge from the other side.
  • the cell has at least one contact plate which rests on one of the longitudinal edges in such a way that a line-like contact zone results.
  • the contact plate is through with the longitudinal edge along the linear contact zone Welding connected. This makes it possible to make electrical contact with the current collector and thus also the associated electrode over its entire length. This significantly lowers the internal resistance within the cell described. As a result, the occurrence of large currents can be absorbed much better.
  • the present invention was based on the object of providing lithium-ion cells which are characterized by an energy density which is improved compared to the prior art and a homogeneous current distribution over the entire area and length of their electrodes, if possible, and which at the same time have excellent characteristics with regard to their internal resistance and their have passive cooling capabilities. Furthermore, the cells should also be distinguished by improved manufacturability and safety.
  • the lithium-ion cell according to the invention is always characterized by the following features a. to j. from: a.
  • the cell comprises an electrode-separator assembly with the sequence anode / separator / cathode, preferably a strip-shaped electrode-separator assembly with the sequence anode / separator / cathode.
  • the anode comprises a negative electrode material and an anode current collector with a first and a second longitudinal edge and two end pieces.
  • the anode current collector has a main area which is loaded with a layer of the negative electrode material, preferably a band-shaped main area which is loaded with a layer of the negative electrode material, and a free edge strip which extends along the first longitudinal edge of the anode current collector and which is not loaded with the electrode material.
  • the cathode comprises a positive electrode material, a cathode current collector with a first and a second longitudinal edge and two end pieces.
  • the cathode current collector has a main area which is loaded with a layer of the positive electrode material, preferably a band-shaped main area which is loaded with a layer of the positive electrode material, and a free edge strip which extends along the first longitudinal edge of the cathode current collector and which is not loaded with the electrode material.
  • the electrode-separator assembly is in the form of a roll with two end faces.
  • G. The electrode-separator assembly is enclosed in a housing.
  • the anode and the cathode are offset within the electrode-separator assembly so that the first longitudinal edge of the anode current collector emerges from one of the end faces and the first longitudinal edge of the cathode current collector exits from the other of the end faces. i.
  • the cell has a metallic contact element arranged parallel to the end face, in particular a special metallic contact plate, which is in direct contact with one of the first longitudinal edges, before given lengthwise. j.
  • the contact element, in particular the metallic contact plate, is connected to this longitudinal edge by welding.
  • the cell comprises two contact elements, in particular two metallic contact plates, one of which is in direct contact with the first longitudinal edge of the anode current collector and the other with the first longitudinal edge of the cathode current collector, the
  • the current collectors are used to make electrical contact with the electrochemically active components contained in the electrode material over as large an area as possible.
  • the current collectors preferably consist of a metal or are at least superficially metallized.
  • Suitable metals for the anode current collector are, for example, copper or nickel or other electrically conductive materials, in particular copper and nickel alloys or metals coated with nickel. In principle, stainless steel is also an option.
  • Suitable metals for the cathode current collector are, for example, aluminum or other electrically conductive materials, in particular also aluminum alloys.
  • the anode current collector and / or the cathode current collector are preferably each a metal foil with a thickness in the range from 4 pm to 30 pm, in particular a band-shaped metal foil with a thickness in the range from 4 pm to 30 pm.
  • strip-shaped substrates such as metallic or metallized fleeces or open-pore foams or expanded metals can also be used as current collectors.
  • the current collectors are preferably loaded with the respective electrode material on both sides.
  • the metal of the respective current collector is free of the respective electrode material.
  • the metal of the respective current collector is preferably uncovered there, so that it is available for electrical contacting, for example by welding.
  • the lithium-ion cell according to the invention is particularly preferably a secondary lithium-ion cell.
  • carbon-based particles such as graphitic carbon or non-graphitic carbon materials capable of intercalating lithium, preferably also in particle form, can be used as active materials.
  • lithium titanate Li Ti 5 0i 2
  • a derivative thereof may be contained in the negative electrode, also preferably in particulate form.
  • the cell according to the invention is particularly distinguished by the immediately following feature k. from: k.
  • the separator comprises at least one inorganic material that improves its resistance to thermal loads.
  • This material protects the separator from shrinkage as a result of local heating, as can occur in particular when the contact elements, in particular the contact plates, are welded on. This considerably reduces the risk of a short circuit.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to c. from: a.
  • the electrode-separator assembly comprises a first separator and a second separator.
  • the first separator and the second separator are identical.
  • the electrode-separator assembly has the sequence anode / first separator / cathode / second separator or the sequence first separator / anode / second separator / cathode.
  • Both the first and the second separator are preferably improved with respect to thermal loads by means of the at least one inorganic material.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. or b. from: a.
  • the first and / or the second separator is an electrically insulating flat structure, for example a film or a fabric or a fleece, in particular made of at least one plastic, with a thickness in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 30 pm.
  • the above information regarding the preferred thickness of the separator or separators relates to the separators including the inorganic material.
  • the longitudinal edges of the anode current collector and / or the cathode current collector emerging from the end faces of the roll protrude from the end faces or the sides by no more than 5000 ⁇ m, preferably no more than 3500 ⁇ m.
  • the longitudinal edge of the anode current collector does not protrude from the end face of the coil by more than 2500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably not more than 1500 ⁇ m.
  • the longitudinal edge of the cathode current collector particularly preferably protrudes from the end face of the coil by no more than 3500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably no more than 2500 ⁇ m.
  • the numerical data on the overhang of the anode current collector and / or the Kathodenstromkol lector relate to the free overhang before the sides or end faces are brought into contact with the contact element, in particular the contact plate.
  • the contact element in particular the contact plate.
  • the separator is designed in the form of a strip, in particular has a first and a second longitudinal edge and two end pieces.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by the immediately following feature a. out: a.
  • the at least one inorganic material is contained as a particulate filler material in the separator, in particular the first separator and / or the second separator.
  • the separator can therefore preferably be an electrically insulating plastic film in which the particulate filler material is incorporated. It is preferred that the plastic film can be penetrated by the electrolyte, for example because it has micropores.
  • the film can be formed, for example, from a polyolefin or from a polyether ketone. It is not ruled out that nonwovens and fabrics made from such plastic materials can also be used.
  • the proportion of the particulate filler material in the separator is preferably at least 40% by weight, particularly preferably at least 60% by weight.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by the immediately following feature a. from: a.
  • the at least one inorganic material is present as a coating on a surface of the separator, in particular the first separator and / or the second separator.
  • the separator can therefore preferably also be a plastic film or a fleece or a woven fabric or some other electrically insulating flat structure which is coated with the particulate filler material.
  • separators which have a base thickness in the range from 5 pm to 20 pm, preferably in the range from 7 pm to 12 pm.
  • the total thickness of the separators results from the base thickness and the thickness of the coating.
  • the sheet-like structure in particular the plastic film
  • the flat structure in particular the plastic film, is preferably coated on both sides with the inorganic material.
  • the thickness of the coating is preferably in the range from 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m. It follows from this that the total thickness of the separators in the case of a coating on both sides is preferably in the range from 6 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range from 8 ⁇ m to 22 ⁇ m. In the case of a unilateral Coating, the thickness is preferably in the range from 5.5 miti to 20.5 miti, particularly preferably in the range from 7.5 miti to 17 miti.
  • the separators used include an inorganic material as filler and the same or a different inorganic material as coating.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to e. from: a.
  • the at least one inorganic material is or comprises an electrically insulating material.
  • the at least one inorganic material is or comprises at least one material selected from the group comprising ceramic material, glass-ceramic material and glass.
  • the at least one inorganic material is or comprises a ceramic material which conducts lithium ions, for example LisAlO / LLSiC ⁇ or LiAlSi 2 0 6 .
  • the at least one inorganic material is or comprises an oxidic material, in particular a special metal oxide.
  • the ceramic or oxidic material is aluminum oxide (Al 2 0 3 ), titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ), titanium nitride (TiN), titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), a silicon oxide, in particular silicon dioxide (Si0 2 ) or Titanium carbonitride (TiCN).
  • the immediately above features a. to c. or the immediately preceding features a. and b. and d. or the immediately preceding features a. and b. and e. are realized in combination with each other.
  • aluminum oxide (Al 2 0 3 ), titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ) and silicon dioxide (Si0 2 ) are particularly preferred as coating materials.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to c. out: a.
  • the first separator and / or the second separator comprises the at least one inorganic material only in regions.
  • the first separator and / or the second separator has an edge strip along the first and / or the second longitudinal edge in which it comprises the at least one inorganic material as a coating and / or as a particulate filler material.
  • the first separator and / or the second separator has a preferably band-shaped main region in which it is free of the at least one inorganic material.
  • the separator comprises the inorganic material in a homogeneous distribution or is coated uniformly and everywhere with the material. Rather, it can even be preferred that the separator is free of the inorganic material in certain areas, for example in the main area mentioned. In this area, increased thermal resistance of the separator is not required as much as at the edges of the separator. In addition, the inorganic material can contribute to an undesired increase in the internal resistance of the cell according to the invention, particularly in this area.
  • the metal of the respective current collector can strip into the free edge but also be coated with a support material that is more thermally stable than the current collector coated there and that differs from the electrode material arranged on the respective current collector.
  • “Thermally more stable” is intended to mean that the support material retains a solid state at a temperature at which the metal of the current collector melts. It either has a higher melting point than the metal, or it sublimes or decomposes only at a temperature at which the metal has already melted.
  • Both the anode current collector and the cathode current collector preferably each have a free edge strip along the first longitudinal edge which is not loaded with the respective electrode material.
  • both the at least one free edge strips of the anode current collector and the at least one free edge strip of the cathode current collector are coated with the support material.
  • the same support material is particularly preferably used for each of the areas.
  • the support material that can be used in the context of the present invention can in principle be a metal or a metal alloy, provided that this or these has a higher melting point than the metal of which the surface that is coated with the support material is made.
  • the lithium-ion cell according to the invention is, however, preferably characterized by at least one of the additional features immediately following a. to d. from: a.
  • the support material is a non-metallic material.
  • the support material is an electrically insulating material.
  • the non-metallic material is a ceramic material, a glaske ramisches material or a glass. d.
  • the ceramic material is aluminum oxide (Al 2 0 3 ), titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ), titanium nitride (TiN), titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), silicon oxide, in particular silicon dioxide (Si0 2 ), or titanium carbonitride (TiCN).
  • the support material is particularly preferred according to the immediately above feature b. and particularly preferably according to the immediately preceding feature d. educated.
  • non-metallic material includes in particular plastics, glasses and ceramic materials.
  • electrically insulating material is to be interpreted broadly in the present case. It basically includes any electrically insulating material, in particular also said plastics.
  • ceramic material is to be interpreted broadly in the present case. In particular, these are to be understood as meaning carbides, nitrides, oxides, silicides or mixtures and derivatives of these compounds.
  • glass-ceramic material means, in particular, a material that comprises crystalline particles that are embedded in an amorphous glass phase.
  • glass basically means any inorganic glass that meets the criteria for thermal stability defined above and that is chemically stable to any electrolyte that may be present in the cell.
  • the anode current collector consists of copper or a copper alloy, while at the same time the cathode current collector consists of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and the support material is aluminum oxide or titanium oxide.
  • free edge strips of the anode and / or cathode current collector are coated with a strip of the support material.
  • the main areas in particular the band-shaped main areas of the anode current collector and cathode current collector, preferably extend parallel to the respective longitudinal edges of the current collectors.
  • the band-shaped main regions preferably extend over at least 90%, particularly preferably over at least 95%, of the surfaces of the anode current collector and cathode current collector.
  • the support material is applied directly next to the preferably band-shaped main areas, but does not completely cover the free areas.
  • it is applied in the form of a strip or a line along a longitudinal edge of the anode and / or cathode current collector so that it only partially covers the respective edge strip. Immediately along this longitudinal edge, an elongated part of the area of the free edge strip can remain uncovered.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to c. distinguishes: a.
  • the free edge strip of the anode current collector and / or the free edge strip of the cathode current collector comprises a first portion and a second portion, where the first portion is coated with the support material, while the second Partbe is rich uncoated.
  • the first sub-area and the second sub-area each have the shape of a line or a strip and run parallel to one another.
  • the first sub-area is arranged between the ribbon-shaped main area of the anode current collector or the cathode current collector and the second sub-area.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by the immediately following feature a. distinguishes: a.
  • the free edge strip of the anode current collector and / or the free edge strip of the cathode current collector is coated with the support material up to the first longitudinal edge.
  • the cell according to the invention is particularly preferably characterized by a combination of the immediately following features a. and b. from: a.
  • the separator and / or the separator comprises the at least one inorganic material only in regions.
  • the separator and / or the separator comprises the at least one inorganic material in a region which, in the electrode-separator composite, covers a boundary between the support material and the respectively adjacent electrode material.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by the immediately following feature a. from: a.
  • the negative electrode material comprises as active material at least one material from the group with silicon, aluminum, tin, antimony and a compound or alloy of these materials, which lithium can reversibly store and remove, in a proportion of 20 wt .-% to 90 wt. -%.
  • the weight data relate to the dry mass of the negative electrode material, i.e. without electrolyte and without taking into account the weight of the anode current collector.
  • Tin, aluminum, antimony and silicon are able to form intermetallic phases with lithium.
  • silicon is particularly preferred.
  • Particularly preferred according to the invention are accordingly cells whose negative electrode contains silicon as the active material in a proportion of 20% by weight to 90% by weight.
  • Some compounds of silicon, aluminum, tin and / or antimony can also reversibly store and remove lithium.
  • the silicon can be contained in oxidic form in the negative electrode.
  • the design of the cell according to the invention enables a significant advantage. As he mentioned at the beginning, occur with electrodes in which the electrical connection of the current collectors takes place via the separate tabs mentioned at the beginning, when loading and unloading directly in the vicinity of the tabs, greater thermomechanical loads than away from the tabs. This difference is particularly pronounced in the case of negative electrodes, which have a proportion of silicon, aluminum, tin and / or antimony as active material.
  • thermomechanical loads that occur during charging and discharging are evenly distributed on the roll. Surprisingly, this makes it possible to control very high proportions of silicon and / or tin and / or antimony in the negative electrode; with proportions> 50%, comparatively little or no damage occurs during charging and discharging as a result of the thermomechanical loads.
  • proportion of silicon for example, in the anode, the energy density of the cell can be greatly increased.
  • the tin, aluminum, silicon and antimony do not necessarily have to be metals in their purest form.
  • silicon particles can also have traces or proportions of other elements, in particular other metals (apart from the lithium already contained depending on the state of charge), for example in proportions of up to 40% by weight, in particular in proportions of up to 10% by weight. Alloys of tin, aluminum, silicon and antimony can also be used.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. and b. from: a.
  • the negative electrode material also comprises, as negative active material, carbon-based particles capable of reversible storage and removal of lithium, such as graphitic carbon, in particular a mixture of silicon and these carbon-based particles.
  • the carbon-based particles capable of intercalating lithium are contained in the electrode material in a proportion of 5% by weight to 75% by weight, in particular in a proportion of 15% by weight to 45% by weight.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to c. from: a.
  • the negative electrode material comprises an electrode binder and / or a conductive agent.
  • the electrode binder is contained in the negative electrode material in a proportion of 1% by weight to 15% by weight, in particular in a proportion of 1% by weight to 5% by weight.
  • the conductive agent is contained in the negative electrode material in a proportion of 0.1% by weight to 15% by weight, in particular in a proportion of 1% by weight to 5% by weight.
  • the active materials are preferably embedded in a matrix made of the electrode binder, with neighboring particles in the matrix preferably being in direct contact with one another.
  • Conductors are used to increase the electrical conductivity of the electrodes.
  • Conventional electrode binders are based, for example, on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylate or carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • Common conductive agents are soot and metal powder.
  • the positive electrode material comprises a PVDF binder and the negative electrode material comprises a polyacrylate binder, in particular lithium polyacrylic acid.
  • lithium metal oxide compounds and lithium metal phosphate compounds such as LiCo0 2 and LiFeP0 come into consideration as active materials for the positive electrode.
  • lithium nickel manganese cobalt aluminum oxide (NMCA) with the empirical formula Lii . n (Nio .4 oMn 0.39 Coo .i6 Alo . o 5 ) o .89 0 2 or Lii + x M-0 compounds and / or mixtures of the materials mentioned can be used.
  • the high content of silicon in the anode of a cell according to the invention requires a correspondingly high-capacitance cathode in order to be able to achieve a good cell balance. Therefore, NMC, NCA or NMCA are particularly preferred.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to e. from: a.
  • the positive electrode material comprises, as active material, at least one metal oxide compound capable of reversible storage and removal of lithium, preferably one of the compounds mentioned above, in particular NMC, NCA or NMCA.
  • the at least one oxidic compound is contained in the electrode material in a proportion of 50% by weight to 99% by weight, in particular in a proportion of 80% by weight to 99% by weight.
  • the positive electrode material also preferably comprises the electrode binder and / or the conductive means. d.
  • the electrode binder is in the positive electrode material in a proportion of 0.5% by weight to 15% by weight, particularly preferably in a proportion of 1% by weight to 10% by weight, in particular in a proportion of 1% by weight .-% to 2 wt .-% contain. e.
  • the conductive agent is contained in the positive electrode material in a proportion of 0.1% by weight to 15% by weight. It is particularly preferred that the immediately above features a. to e. are realized in combination with each other.
  • the percentages of the components contained in each case in the electrode material add up to 100% by weight.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized in preferred embodiments by the immediately following feature a. from: a.
  • the weight per unit area of the negative electrode deviates from an average value by a maximum of 2% per unit area of at least 10 cm 2.
  • the mean value is the quotient of the sum of at least 10 measurement results divided by the number of measurements carried out.
  • the cell preferably comprises an electrolyte, for example based on at least one lithium salt such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), which is dissolved in an organic solvent (e.g. in a mixture of organic carbonates or a cyclic ether such as THF or a nitrile) .
  • lithium salts that can be used are, for example, lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) and lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB).
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to d. out: a.
  • the cell includes an electrolyte comprising a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (mTHF).
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • mTHF 2-methyltetrahydrofuran
  • the volume ratio of THF: to mTHF in the mixture is in the range from 2: 1 to 1: 2, particularly preferably it is 1: 1.
  • the cell includes an electrolyte that includes LiPF 6 as a conductive salt.
  • the electrolyte salt is contained in the electrolyte in a proportion of 1 to 2.5 M, in particular in a proportion of 1 to 1.5 M.
  • the electrolyte of the cell according to the invention is particularly preferably characterized by all of the preceding features a. to d. out.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to e. from: a.
  • the cell includes an electrolyte comprising a mixture of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC).
  • FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
  • EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
  • the cell includes an electrolyte that includes LiPF 6 as a conductive salt.
  • the electrolyte contains the conductive salt in a concentration of 1.0 to 2.0 M, in particular 1.5 M, in the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte comprises vinylene carbonate (VC), in particular in a proportion of 1 to 3 wt.
  • the electrolyte of the cell according to the invention is particularly preferably characterized by all of the preceding features a. to e. out.
  • the ratio of the capacities of the anode to the cathode of the cell according to the invention is preferably balanced in such a way that the possible capacity of the silicon is not fully utilized.
  • the cell according to the invention is particularly preferably distinguished by the following immediately Feature a. from: a.
  • the capacities from anode to cathode of the cell according to the invention are balanced in such a way that, during operation, only 700-1500 mAh are used reversibly per gram of electrode material of the negative electrode.
  • This measure can significantly reduce changes in volume.
  • the negative electrode material as active material is at least one material from the group with silicon, aluminum, tin, antimony and a compound or alloy of these materials that can reversibly incorporate and remove lithium, includes, also completely independent of featurej. from claim 1 can be realized.
  • the invention thus also includes cells with the features a. until i. of claim 1, in which the anode necessarily has a proportion of 20 wt .-% to 90 wt .-% silicon, aluminum, tin and / or antimony as active material, but the separator does not necessarily have the at least one inorganic material that its resistance improved against thermal loads, must include.
  • the contact elements are sheet metal parts which are designed to be able to rest flat on the end faces of the coil-shaped electrode-separator assembly. This is important to ensure an efficient weld.
  • the contact elements are preferably designed as contact plates, that is to say plate-shaped.
  • the cell according to the invention has at least one of the immediately following features a. and b. on: a. Metal plates with a thickness in the range from 50 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m, preferably 150-350 ⁇ m, are used as contact elements, in particular as contact plates. b.
  • the contact elements, in particular the contact plates consist of alloyed or unle alloyed aluminum, titanium, nickel or copper, but optionally also of stainless steel (for example of type 1.4303 or 1.4304) or of nickel-plated steel.
  • contact elements in particular contact plates, can be used which have at least one slot and / or at least one perforation. These serve to counteract any deformation of the plates when the welded connection is made.
  • the housing in which the electrode-separator assembly is arranged can be cylindrical or prismatic.
  • contact elements in particular contact plates, are preferably used which have the shape of a disk, in particular the shape of a circular or at least approximately circular disk. You then have an outer circular or at least approximately circular disc edge.
  • An approximately circular disk is to be understood here in particular as a disk which has the shape of a circle with at least one separated circle segment, preferably with two to four separated circle segments.
  • contact elements in particular contact plates, are preferably used which have a rectangular basic shape.
  • the contact element can be a metal strip or have a plurality of strip-shaped segments which, for example, are in a star-shaped arrangement.
  • the anode current collector and the contact element welded to it, in particular the contact plate welded to it are both made of the same material. This is particularly preferably selected from the group with copper, nickel, titanium, nickel-plated steel and stainless steel. In further particularly preferred embodiments, the cathode current collector and the contact element welded to it, in particular the contact plate welded to it, both consist of the same material. This is particularly preferably selected from the group with alloyed or unalloyed aluminum, titanium and stainless steel (eg of type 1.4404).
  • the cell according to the invention has a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, with which one of the first longitudinal edges is in direct contact, preferably lengthwise. As a result, a line-like contact zone can arise.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to c. from: a.
  • the first longitudinal edge of the anode current collector is in direct contact with a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, preferably lengthwise, and is connected to this contact element, in particular this contact plate, by welding, with between the longitudinal edge and the metallic contact element, in particular the metallic contact plate, there is a line-like contact zone.
  • the first longitudinal edge of the cathode current collector is in direct contact with a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, preferably lengthwise, and is connected to this contact element, in particular this contact plate, by welding, with between the longitudinal edge and the metallic contact element , in particular the metallic contact plate, there is a line-like contact zone.
  • the first longitudinal edge of the anode current collector and / or the first longitudinal edge of the cathode current collector comprises one or more sections, each of which is continuously connected over its entire length via a weld to the respective contact element, in particular the respective contact plate.
  • the immediately preceding features a. and b. can be implemented both independently of one another and in combination.
  • the features a. and b. however, in both cases in combination with the immediately preceding feature c. realized.
  • Via the contact elements it is possible to make electrical contact with the current collectors and thus also with the associated electrodes, preferably over their entire length. It is precisely this that favors the aforementioned lowering of the internal resistance within the cell according to the invention very clearly.
  • the arrangement described can therefore excellently absorb the occurrence of large currents. With minimized internal resistance, thermal losses are reduced at high currents. In addition, the dissipation of thermal energy from the electrode-separator assembly is promoted.
  • the contact elements can be connected to the longitudinal edges.
  • the contact elements can be connected to the longitudinal edges along the line-like contact zones via at least one weld seam.
  • the longitudinal edges can thus comprise one or more sections, each of which is continuously connected over its entire length via a weld seam to the contact element or elements, in particular contact plates. These sections are particularly preferably given a minimum length of 5 mm, preferably 10 mm, particularly preferably 20 mm.
  • the sections continuously connected to the contact element, in particular the contact plate extend over their entire length over at least 25%, preferably over at least 50%, particularly preferably over at least 75%, of the total length of the respective longitudinal edge.
  • the longitudinal edges are continuously welded to the contact element, in particular the contact plate, over their entire length.
  • the contact elements are connected to the respective longitudinal edge via a plurality or multiplicity of welding points.
  • the longitudinal edges of the anode current collector and the cathode current collector emerging from the end faces of the winding also generally have a spiral geometry.
  • the protrusion of the current collectors resulting from the offset arrangement can be used according to the invention by contacting them by means of a corresponding current conductor, preferably over their entire length.
  • the contact element mentioned serves as a current conductor.
  • Such an electrical contact lowers the internal resistance within the cell according to the invention very significantly.
  • the arrangement described can therefore intercept the occurrence of large currents very well. With minimized internal resistance, thermal losses are reduced at high currents.
  • the dissipation of thermal energy from the wound electrode-separator assembly is promoted. In the case of heavy loads, heating does not occur locally but is evenly distributed.
  • the lithium-ion cell according to the invention expediently also comprises a housing made of two or more housing parts, which encloses the electrode-separator assembly in the form of a coil, preferably in a gas- and / or liquid-tight manner.
  • the contact elements When using the contact elements, it is generally necessary to connect the contact elements electrically to the housing or to electrical conductors which are led out of the housing.
  • the contact elements can be connected to the aforementioned housings directly or via electrical conductors.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized in that part of the housing serves as the contact element, in particular the contact plate, and / or that the contact element, in particular the contact plate, forms part of the housing that forms the electrode-separator assembly encloses.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. and b., particularly preferably through a combination of the two features, of: a.
  • the housing comprises a cup-shaped first housing part with a bottom and a side wall running around and an opening and a second housing part which closes the opening ver.
  • the contact element in particular the contact plate, is the bottom of the first housing part.
  • the housing is preferably cylindrical or prismatic.
  • the cup-shaped first housing part accordingly preferably has a circular or rectangular cross section and the second housing part and the bottom of the first housing part are accordingly preferably circular or rectangular.
  • the housing is preferably cylindrical.
  • the housing is cylindrical, then it usually comprises a cylindrical housing shell and a circular upper part and a circular lower part, in this variant the first housing part comprises the housing shell and the circular lower part while the second housing part corresponds to the circular upper part.
  • the circular upper part and / or the circular lower part can serve as contact elements, in particular as contact plates.
  • the housing usually comprises several rectangular side walls and a polygonal, in particular rectangular upper part and a polygonal, in particular rectangular lower part, in which case the first housing part includes the side walls and the polygonal lower part, while the second Housing part of the circular gen corresponds to the polygonal top.
  • the upper part and / or the lower part can serve as contact elements, in particular as contact plates.
  • Both the first and the second housing part are preferably made of an electrically conductive material, in particular a metallic material.
  • the housing parts can, for example, consist of nickel-plated sheet steel or alloyed or unalloyed aluminum, independently of one another.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to e., in particular through a combination of the immediately preceding features a. to e., from: a.
  • the cell has a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, with which the first longitudinal edge of the anode current collector is in direct contact, preferably lengthwise, and with which this longitudinal edge is connected by welding.
  • the cell has a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, with which the first longitudinal edge of the cathode current collector is in direct contact, preferably lengthwise, and with which this longitudinal edge is connected by welding.
  • One of the contact elements is the bottom of the first housing part.
  • the other of the contact elements in particular the other of the contact plates, is connected to the second housing part via electrical conductors.
  • the cell includes a seal which electrically isolates the first and second housing parts from one another.
  • conventional housing parts can be used to enclose the electrode-separator assembly. No space is wasted for electrical conductors that are arranged between the floor and the electrode-separator assembly. A separate contact element, in particular a separate contact plate, is not required on the bottom side.
  • the electrically insulating seal can be pulled onto an edge of the second housing part. The assembly of the second housing part and the seal can be inserted into the opening of the first housing part and mechanically fixed there, for example by means of a flanging process.
  • the second housing part can also serve as a contact element, in particular as a contact plate.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to e., in particular through a combination of the immediately preceding features a. to e., from a.
  • the cell has a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, with which the first longitudinal edge of the anode current collector is in direct contact, preferably lengthwise, and with which this longitudinal edge is connected by welding.
  • the cell has a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, with which the first longitudinal edge of the cathode current collector is in direct contact, preferably lengthwise, and with which this longitudinal edge is connected by welding.
  • a metallic contact element in particular a metallic contact plate
  • One of the contact elements, in particular one of the contact plates, is the bottom of the first housing part.
  • the other of the contact elements, in particular the other of the contact plates, is the second housing part.
  • the cell includes an electrical seal which electrically isolates the first and second housing parts from one another.
  • electrical conductors for connecting contact elements with housing parts are not required on either side of the electrode-separator assembly.
  • a contact element On one side, a contact element also has the function of a housing part, while on the other side a part of a housing serves as a contact element.
  • the space inside the housing can be used optimally.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to e. out: a.
  • the cell has a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, with which the first longitudinal edge of the anode current collector is in direct contact, preferably lengthwise, and with which this longitudinal edge is connected by welding.
  • b. The cell has a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, with which the first longitudinal edge of the cathode current collector is in direct contact, preferably lengthwise, and with which this longitudinal edge is connected by welding.
  • One of the contact elements, in particular one of the contact plates is the bottom of the first housing part. d.
  • the second housing part is welded into the opening of the first housing part and comprises a pole bushing, for example a pole bolt surrounded by an electrical insulator, through which an electrical conductor is led out of the housing.
  • a pole bushing for example a pole bolt surrounded by an electrical insulator, through which an electrical conductor is led out of the housing.
  • the other of the contact elements in particular the other of the contact plates, is electrically connected to the sem electrical conductor.
  • the housing parts are welded to one another and thus electrically connected to one another. For this reason, the said pole lead-through is required.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. and b., particularly preferably through a combination of the two features, of: a.
  • the housing comprises a tubular first housing part with two terminal openings, a second housing part which closes one of the openings and a third housing part which closes the other of the openings.
  • the contact element in particular the contact plate, is the second housing part or the third housing part.
  • the housing of the cell is preferably cylindrical or prismatic.
  • the tubular first housing part accordingly preferably has a circular or rectangular cross section, and the second and third housing parts are correspondingly preferably circular or rectangular.
  • the first housing part is usually hollow-cylindrical while the second and third housing parts are circular and as contact elements, in particular as contact plates, and at the same time as a base and cover, which can close the first housing part at the end, can serve.
  • the first housing part generally comprises a plurality of rectangular side walls connected to one another via common edges, while the second and third housing parts are each polygonal, in particular rectangular. Both the second and the third housing part can serve as contact elements, in particular as con tact plates.
  • Both the first and the second housing part are preferably made of an electrically conductive material, in particular a metallic material.
  • the housing parts can for example consist of a nickel-plated sheet steel, of stainless steel (for example of type 1.4303 or 1.4304), of copper, of nickel-plated copper or of alloyed or unalloyed aluminum. It can also be preferred that housing parts electrically connected to the cathode consist of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and housing parts electrically connected to the anode consist of copper or a copper alloy or of nickel-plated copper.
  • a major advantage of this variant is that no cup-shaped housing parts to be produced by upstream forming and / or casting processes are required to form the housing. Instead, said tubular first housing part serves as the starting point.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to e., in particular through a combination of the immediately preceding features a. to e., from: a.
  • the cell has a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, with which the first longitudinal edge of the anode current collector, preferably the length after, is in direct contact and with which this longitudinal edge is connected by welding.
  • the cell has a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, with which the first longitudinal edge of the cathode current collector is in direct contact, preferably lengthwise, and with which this longitudinal edge is connected by welding.
  • One of the contact elements in particular one of the contact plates, is welded into one of the endstän-ended openings of the first housing part and is the second housing part.
  • the third housing part is welded into the other of the end openings of the first housing part and comprises a pole bushing through which an electrical conductor is led out of the housing, for example a pole bolt surrounded by an electrical insulator.
  • the other of the contact elements, in particular the other of the contact plates, is electrically connected to the sem electrical conductor.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to d. from: a.
  • the cell has a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, with which the first longitudinal edge of the anode current collector is in direct contact, preferably lengthwise, and with which this longitudinal edge is connected by welding.
  • the cell has a metallic contact element, in particular a metallic contact plate, with which the first longitudinal edge of the cathode current collector is in direct contact, preferably lengthwise, and with which this longitudinal edge is connected by welding.
  • One of the contact elements, in particular one of the contact plates is welded into one of the endstän-ended openings of the first housing part and is the second housing part.
  • the other of the contact elements, in particular the other of the contact plates closes as the third housing part, the other of the terminal openings of the first housing part and is isolated from the first housing part by means of a seal.
  • a contact element in particular a contact plate
  • a contact element serves as a housing part on one side of the housing and is connected to the first housing part by welding.
  • a contact element in particular a contact plate
  • a pole bushing can also be used here again.
  • the pole bushings of cells according to the invention always comprise an electrical insulator, which prevents electrical contact between the housing and the electrical conductor guided out of the housing.
  • the electrical insulator can be, for example, a glass or a ceramic mix material or a plastic.
  • the electrode-separator assembly is preferably in the form of a cylindrical roll.
  • the provision of the electrodes in the form of such a coil allows a particularly advantageous use of space in cylindrical housings.
  • the housing is therefore also cylindrical in preferred embodiments.
  • the electrode-separator assembly is preferably in the form of a prismatic coil.
  • the provision of the electrodes in the form of such a coil allows a particularly advantageous use of space in prismatic housings.
  • the housing is therefore also prismatic in preferred embodiments.
  • prismatic housings can be filled particularly well by prismatic stacks made up of a plurality of electrode-separator assemblies.
  • the electrode-separator assemblies can particularly preferably have an essentially rectangular basic shape.
  • the housing parts are preferably sheet metal parts with a thickness in the range from 50 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 150-350 ⁇ m.
  • the sheet metal parts are in turn preferably made made of alloyed or unalloyed aluminum, titanium, nickel or copper, possibly also made of stainless steel (for example of type 1.4303 or 1.4304) or of nickel-plated steel.
  • part of the housing serves as the contact element, in particular as the contact plate, and / or the contact element, in particular the contact plate, forms part of the housing that encloses the electrode-separator assembly , in particular the first and the second contacting variant, also completely independent of feature j. from claim 1 can be realized.
  • the invention thus also includes cells with the features a. until i. of claim 1, in which a part of the housing serves as the contact element, in particular as the contact plate, and / or the contact element, in particular the contact plate, forms part of the housing, but the separator does not necessarily have the at least one inorganic material Resistance to thermal loads improved, must be grasped.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to c. marked: a. the main area of the current collector connected by welding to the contact element, in particular the contact plate, preferably the band-shaped main area of the current collector connected to the contact plate by welding, has a large number of openings. b. The openings in the main area are round or angular holes, in particular punched or drilled holes. c. The current collector connected to the contact element, in particular the contact plate, by welding is perforated in the main area, in particular by a round hole or slotted hole perforation.
  • the large number of perforations results in a reduced volume and also a reduced weight of the current collector. This makes it possible to bring more active material into the cell and in this way to drastically increase the energy density of the cell. Energy density increases in the double-digit percentage range can be achieved in this way.
  • the perforations are made in the main band-shaped area by means of a laser.
  • the geometry of the openings is not essential to the invention. It is important that, as a result of the openings being made, the mass of the current collector is reduced and there is more space for active material, since the openings can be filled with the active material.
  • the openings should preferably not be more than twice the thickness of the layer of the electrode material on the respective current collector.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by the immediately following feature a. marked: a.
  • the openings in the current collector, in particular in the main area, have diameters in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 3000 ⁇ m.
  • the cell according to the invention is particularly preferably further characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. and b. from: a.
  • the current collector connected to the contact element, in particular the contact plate, by welding has, at least in a section of the main area, a lower weight per unit area than the free edge strip of the same current collector.
  • the current collector connected by welding to the contact element, in particular the contact plate has no or fewer perforations per unit area in the free edge strip than in the main area.
  • the free edge strips of the anode and cathode current collectors delimit the main area towards the first edges or the first longitudinal edges.
  • both the anode and the cathode current collector comprise free edge strips along their two edges, in particular along their two longitudinal edges.
  • the openings characterize the main area.
  • the boundary between the main area and the free edge strip or strips corresponds to a transition between areas with and without openings.
  • the perforations are preferably distributed essentially uniformly over the main area.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the immediately following features a. to c. from: a.
  • the weight per unit area of the current collector is reduced by 5% to 80% in the main area compared to the weight per unit area of the current collector in the free edge strip.
  • the current collector In the main area, the current collector has a hole area in the range from 5% to 80%.
  • the current collector has a tensile strength of 20 N / mm 2 to 250 N / mm 2 in the main area.
  • the hole area which is often referred to as the free cross section, can be determined in accordance with ISO 7806-1983.
  • the tensile strength of the current collector in the main area is reduced compared to current collectors without the openings. It can be determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527 Part 3.
  • the anode current collector and the cathode current collector are designed to be identical or similar with regard to the openings.
  • the cell according to the invention is therefore characterized in preferred embodiments by at least one of the immediately following features a. to c. from: a.
  • the main area of the anode current collector and the main area of the cathode current collector, preferably the band-shaped main area of the anode current collector and the band-shaped main area of the cathode current collector, are both covered by a plurality of Marked breakthroughs. b.
  • the cell comprises the contact element, in particular the contact plate, which rests on one of the first edges or longitudinal edges, as a first contact element or as a first contact plate, and also a second contact element, in particular a second metallic contact plate, which is on the other of the first edges or longitudinal edges.
  • the second contact element, in particular the second contact plate is connected to this other longitudinal edge by welding.
  • this problem is solved by the described welding of the current collector edges with the contact element or elements, in particular the contact plates.
  • the concept according to the invention enables the complete waiver of separate arrester lugs and thus enables the use of low-material, current collectors provided with openings. Particularly in embodiments in which the free edge strips of the current collectors are not provided with openings, welding can be carried out reliably with extremely low reject rates.
  • edges of the current collectors in particular the longitudinal edges of the current collectors, are provided with the support layer described above and the separator, as described, is improved with respect to thermal loads.
  • the invention thus also includes cells with the features a. until i. of claim 1, in which the preferably band-shaped main area of the current collector connected by welding to the contact element, in particular the contact plate, has a plurality of perforations, but the separator does not necessarily have the at least one inorganic material that improves its resistance to thermal loads, must include.
  • the lithium-ion cell according to the invention can be a button cell.
  • Button cells are cylindrical and have a height that is less than their diameter. The height is preferably in the range from 4 mm to 15 mm. It is further preferred that the button cell have a diameter in the range of 5 mm to 25 mm. Button cells are suitable, for example, for supplying small electronic devices such as watches, hearing aids and wireless headphones with electrical energy.
  • the nominal capacity of a lithium-ion cell according to the invention designed as a button cell is usually up to 1500 mAh.
  • the nominal capacity is preferably in the range from 100 mAh to 1000 mAh, particularly preferably in the range from 100 to 800 mAh.
  • the lithium-ion cell according to the invention is particularly preferably a cylindrical round cell.
  • Cylindrical round cells have a height that is greater than their diameter. They are particularly suitable for applications in the automotive sector, for e-bikes or for other applications with high energy requirements.
  • the height of lithium-ion cells designed as round cells is preferably in the range from 15 mm to 150 mm.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical round cells is preferably in the range from 10 mm to 60 mm. Within these ranges, form factors of, for example, 18 x 65 (diameter times height in mm) or 21 x 70 (diameter times height in mm) are particularly preferred. Cylindrical Round cells with these form factors are particularly suitable for powering electrical drives in motor vehicles.
  • the nominal capacity of the lithium-ion cell according to the invention is preferably up to 90,000 mAh.
  • the cell in one embodiment as a lithium-ion cell preferably has a nominal capacity in the range from 1500 mAh to 7000 mAh, particularly preferably in the range from 3000 to 5500 mAh.
  • the cell in one embodiment as a lithium-ion cell preferably has a nominal capacity in the range from 1000 mAh to 5000 mAh, particularly preferably in the range from 2000 to 4000 mAh.
  • the anode current collector, the cathode current collector and the separator are inariessfor men in which the cell according to the invention is a cylindrical round cell, preferably formed in the form of a band and preferably have the following dimensions:
  • the free edge strip which extends along the first longitudinal edge and which is not loaded with the electrode material, preferably has a width of not more than 5000 ⁇ m in these cases.
  • the current collectors preferably have a width of 56 mm to 62 mm, preferably 60 mm, and a length of not more than 1.5 m.
  • the current collectors preferably have a width of 56 mm to 68 mm, preferably 65 mm, and a length of not more than 2.5 m.
  • a lithium-ion cell The function of a lithium-ion cell is based on the fact that sufficient mobile lithium ions (mobile lithium) are available to compensate for the tapped electrical current by migrating between the anode and the cathode or the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
  • mobile lithium is to be understood as meaning that the lithium is available for storage and retrieval processes in the electrodes as part of the discharging and charging processes of the lithium-ion cell or can be activated for this purpose.
  • mobile lithium is lost over time. These losses occur as a result of various, generally unavoidable side reactions. Even during the first charge and discharge cycle of a lithium-ion cell, mobile lithium is lost.
  • a cover layer is usually formed on the surface of the electrochemically active components on the negative electrode.
  • This top layer is called Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) and usually consists primarily of electrolyte decomposition products and a certain amount of lithium that is firmly bound in this layer.
  • SEI Solid Electrolyte Interphase
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized in preferred embodiments by at least one of the immediately following features a. and b. from: a.
  • the cell comprises a depot of lithium or a lithium-containing material which is not covered by the positive and / or negative electrode and can be used to compensate for losses of mobile lithium in the cell during its operation.
  • the depot is in contact with the cell's electrolyte.
  • the cell has an electrical conductor and, if necessary, also a controllable switch via which the depot can be electrically connected to the positive or the negative electrode.
  • the depot is particularly preferably arranged within the housing of the cell according to the invention and the electrical conductor, for example via a suitable pole bushing, is led out of the housing, in particular to an electrical contact that can be tapped from outside the housing.
  • the electrically contactable lithium depot makes it possible to supply lithium to the electrodes of the cell if necessary or to remove excess lithium from the electrodes to avoid lithium plating.
  • the lithium depot can be switched against the negative or against the positive electrode of the lithium-ion cell via the electrical conductor. If necessary, excess lithium can be fed to the lithium depot and deposited there.
  • means can be provided that enable separate monitoring of the individual potentials of the anode and cathode in the cell and / or external monitoring of the cell balance via electrochemical analyzes such as DVA (differential voltage analysis).
  • the electrical conductor and the associated lithium depot must be electrically insulated from the positive and negative electrodes and from components of the cell that are electrically coupled to them.
  • the lithium or the lithium-containing material of the lithium depot can be, for example, metallic lithium, a lithium metal oxide, a lithium metal phosphate or other materials familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • the present invention also encompasses energy storage elements which comprise a stack of a plurality of anodes and a plurality of cathodes enclosed by a prismatic housing.
  • the invention therefore also comprises an energy storage element with the immediately following features a. to k .: a. It comprises a plurality of anodes and cathodes, b. the anodes each comprise an anode current collector and a negative electrode material, c. the anode current collectors each have a main region which is loaded with a layer of the negative electrode material, and a free edge strip which extends along one edge of the anode current collectors and which is not loaded with the negative electrode material, i.
  • the cathodes each comprise a cathode current collector and a positive electrode material
  • the cathode current collectors each have a main area which is loaded with a layer of the positive electrode material, as well as a free edge strip which extends along one edge of the cathode current collectors and which is not loaded with the positive electrode material
  • the anodes and Cathodes are stacked, the anodes and the cathodes in the stack being separated by separators, g. the stack is enclosed in a prismatic housing, h. the free edge strips of the anode current collectors protrude from one side of the stack and the free edge strips of the cathode current collectors protrude from another side of the stack, i.
  • the energy storage element has a contact element which is in direct contact with the free edge strips of the anode current collectors and / or the cathode current collectors, and j. the contact element is connected to this edge strip by welding, as well as the additional characteristic feature k.
  • the separator comprises at least one inorganic material that improves its resistance to thermal loads.
  • the electrolyte provided the energy storage element has one, and in particular also the separators and the at least one organic material.
  • the energy storage element is preferably characterized by at least one of the following additional features: a.
  • the separators only include the at least one inorganic material in some areas.
  • the separators each have an edge strip in which they comprise the at least one organic material as a coating and / or as a particulate filler material.
  • the separators have a main area in which they are free of the at least one inorganic material.
  • the energy storage element particularly preferably comprises two contact elements, one of which is in direct contact with the free edge strip of the anode current collector and the other with the free edge strip of the cathode current collector, the contact elements and the edges in contact with them being connected by welding or soldering.
  • the free edge strips of the anode current collectors and the cathode current collectors can be connected to the contact elements over their entire length.
  • Such electrical contact significantly reduces the internal resistance within the energy storage element according to the invention.
  • the arrangement described can therefore intercept the occurrence of large currents very well. With minimized internal resistance, thermal losses are reduced at high currents. In addition, the dissipation of thermal energy from the composite body is promoted. In the case of heavy loads, warming does not occur locally but is evenly distributed.
  • the energy storage element according to the invention has at least one of the immediately following features a. and b. on: a. Metal sheets with a thickness in the range from 50 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m, preferably 150-350 ⁇ m, are used as contact elements. b.
  • the contact elements, in particular the metal sheets, consist of alloyed or unalloyed aluminum, titanium, nickel or copper, or of stainless steel (for example of type 1.4303 or 1.4304) or of nickel-plated steel.
  • the shape and dimensions of the contact elements are preferably adapted to the shape and dimensions of the sides of the composite body from which the free edge strips of the current collectors are adapted.
  • the contact elements are rectangular. They can therefore also be easily integrated into a housing with a prismatic basic shape.
  • the energy storage element according to the invention is characterized by at least one of the following features: a. It comprises at least one contact element which has an L-shaped profile. b. It comprises at least one contact element which has a U-shaped profile. c. The contact element has an angled fastening extension.
  • the features mentioned immediately above are preferably a. and c. or b. and c. combined with each other.
  • the contacting of the edge strips of the respective current collectors can be made on two sides of the composite body. To this end, it is of course first necessary for the electrodes of the composite body to encompass two edges on which their current collectors have a free edge area that is accessible for welding or soldering.
  • the contact element In the case of a U-shaped profile of the contact element, it is usually provided that the contacting of the protruding edges of the respective current collectors takes place on three sides of the composite body.
  • the optionally provided angled fastening extension is primarily intended for fastening the contact element to the housing of the energy storage element, provided that the contact element is not itself part of the housing.
  • the attachment extension can also be part of an L-shaped or U-shaped profile and, for example, also serve to attach a pole bolt.
  • the prismatic housing of the energy storage element encloses the composite body preferably in a gas-tight and / or liquid-tight manner. It is preferably formed from two or more metallic housing parts, for example as described in EP 3117471 B1. The housing parts can be connected to one another by welding, for example.
  • the housing preferably comprises a plurality of rectangular side walls and a polygonal, in particular rectangular base and a polygonal, in particular rectangular upper part.
  • the upper part and the bottom can also serve as contact elements, preferably as Maisplat th.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a current collector in an embodiment according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the current ko llektors shown in Fig. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of an anode which can be processed into an electrode-separator assembly in the form of a coil
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the anode shown in Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of an electrode-separator composite manufactured using the anode shown in Fig. 3,
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the electrode-separator assembly shown in FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a cell according to the invention in the form of a cylindrical round cell
  • FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of a cell according to the invention in the form of a cylindrical round cell
  • FIG. 9 shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of a cell according to the invention in the form of a cylindrical round cell
  • FIG. 10 shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of a cell according to the invention in the form of a cylindrical round cell
  • FIG. 11 shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of a cell according to the invention in the form of a cylindrical round cell.
  • FIG. 12 shows an illustration of a method according to the invention for producing the cell shown in FIG. 11.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the design of a current collector 110 that can be used in a cell according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a section along Si.
  • the current collector 110 comprises a plurality of perforations 111, which are rectangular holes.
  • the area 110a is characterized by the perforations 111, on the other hand there are no openings in the region 110b along the longitudinal edge 110e.
  • the current collector 110 therefore has a significantly lower weight per unit area in the area 110a than in the area 110b.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate an anode 120 which was manufactured with a negative electrode material 123 applied to both sides of the current collector 110 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a section along S 2 .
  • the current collector 110 now has a band-shaped main region 122 which is loaded with a layer of the negative electrode material 123, as well as a free edge strip 121 which extends along the longitudinal edge 110e and which is not loaded with the electrode material 123.
  • the electrode material 123 also fills the openings 111.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate an electrode-separator composite 104 which was produced using the anode 120 illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • it comprises the cathode 115 and the separators 118 and 119.
  • FIG. 6 is a section along S 3 .
  • the cathode 115 is based on the same current collector design as the anode 120.
  • the current collectors 110 and 115 of the anode 120 and cathode 130 preferably differ only through the respective choice of material.
  • the current collector 115 of the cathode 130 thus comprises a band-shaped main region 116 which is loaded with a layer of positive electrode material 125 and a free edge strip 117 which extends along the longitudinal edge 115e and which is not loaded with the electrode material 125.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 can be converted into a coil by means of spiral winding, as can be contained in a cell according to the invention.
  • the free edge strips 117 and 121 are coated on both sides and at least in regions with an electrically insulating support material, for example with a ceramic material such as silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.
  • a cell 100 with a housing made of a first housing part 101 and a two-th housing part 102 is shown.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is enclosed in the housing.
  • the housing is generally cylindrical, the housing part 101 has a circular base 101a, a hollow cylindrical jacket 101b and a circular opening opposite the base 101a.
  • the housing part 102 is used to close the circular opening and is designed as a circular cover.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is in the form of a cylindrical roll with two end faces. In the case of prismatic embodiments, a section through an energy storage element could look exactly the same.
  • the housing part 101 would have a rectangular base 101a, a rectangular side wall 101b and a rectangular cross-section and a rectangular opening; the housing part 102 would be designed as a rectangular cover to close the rectangular opening.
  • the reference number 104 would not designate an electrode-separator assembly in a cylindrical shape, but a stack of several identical electrode-separator assemblies.
  • the free edge strip 121 of an anode current collector 110 emerges from one end face of the electrode-separator assembly 104, and the free edge strip 117 of a cathode current collector 115 exits from the other end face.
  • the edge 11Oe of the anode current collector 110 is in direct contact with the ground over its entire length 101a of the housing part 101 and is connected to this at least over several sections, preferably over its entire length, by welding.
  • the edge 115e of the cathode current collector 115 is in direct contact with the contact plate 105 over its entire length and is connected to it by welding at least over several sections, preferably over its entire length.
  • the contact plate 105 is in turn electrically connected to the housing part 102 via the electrical conductor 107.
  • the housing parts 101 and 102 are electrically isolated from one another by the seal 103.
  • the housing is closed, for example, by flanging.
  • the housing part 101 forms the negative pole and the housing part 102 the positive pole of the cell 100.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is enclosed in the housing.
  • the housing is cylindrical overall, the housing part 101 has a circular base 101a, a hollow cylindrical jacket 101b and a circular opening opposite the base 101a.
  • the housing part 102 is used to close the circular opening and is designed as a circular cover.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is in the form of a cylindrical winding with two end faces.
  • the housing part 101 would have a rectangular base 101a, a rectangular side wall 101b and a rectangular cross-section and a rectangular opening; the housing part 102 would be designed as a rectangular cover to close the rectangular opening.
  • the reference number 104 would in this case not designate an electrode-separator composite in a cylindrical shape, but rather a stack of several identical electrode-separator composite.
  • the free edge strip 121 of an anode current collector 110 emerges from one end face of the electrode-separator assembly 104, and the free edge strip 117 of a cathode current collector 115 exits from the other end face.
  • the edge 11Oe of the anode current collector 110 is in direct contact with the ground over its entire length 101a of the housing part 101 and is connected to this at least over several sections, preferably over its entire length, by welding.
  • the edge 115e of the cathode current collector 115 is in direct contact with the contact plate 105 over its entire length and is connected to it by welding at least over several sections, preferably over its entire length.
  • the contact plate 105 is directly connected to the metallic pole bolt 108, preferably welded. This is guided out of the housing through an opening in the housing part 102 and isolated from the housing part 102 by means of the electrical insulation 106.
  • the pole bolt 108 and the electrical insulation 106 together form a pole bushing.
  • a hole 109 closed for example by means of soldering, welding or gluing, which can be used, for example, to introduce electrolyte into the housing.
  • a hole could have been made in the housing part 102 for the same purpose.
  • the housing part 102 is welded into the circular opening of the housing part 101.
  • the housing parts 101 and 102 thus have the same polarity and form the negative pole of the cell 100.
  • the pole bolt 108 forms the positive pole of the cell 100.
  • FIG. 9 shows a cell 100 with a housing made up of a first housing part 101 and a second housing part 102.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is enclosed in the housing.
  • the housing is cylindrical overall, the housing part 101 has a circular base 101a, a hollow cylindrical jacket 101b and a circular opening opposite the base 101a.
  • the housing part 102 is used to close the circular opening and is designed as a circular cover.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is in the form of a cylindrical winding with two end faces.
  • the housing part 101 would have a rectangular base 101a, a rectangular side wall 101b and a rectangular cross-section and a rectangular opening; the housing part 102 would be designed as a rectangular cover to close the rectangular opening.
  • the reference number 104 would in this case not designate an electrode-separator composite in a cylindrical shape, but rather a stack of several identical electrode-separator composite.
  • the free edge strip 121 of an anode current collector 110 emerges from one end face of the electrode-separator assembly 104, and the free edge strip 117 of a cathode current collector 115 exits from the other end face.
  • the edge 11Oe of the anode current collector 110 is in direct contact with the ground over its entire length 101a of the housing part 101 and is connected to this at least over several sections, preferably over its entire length, by welding.
  • the edge 115e of the cathode current collector 115 is in direct contact with the housing part 102 over its entire length and is connected to it by welding at least over several sections, preferably over its entire length.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 In the bottom 101a there is a hole 109 closed, for example by means of soldering, welding or gluing, which can be used, for example, to introduce electrolyte into the housing.
  • a hole 109 which can serve the same purpose, is found here in the housing part 102. This is preferably closed with the pressure relief valve 141, which can be welded onto the housing part 102, for example.
  • the holes 109 shown are generally not both required. In many cases, the cell 100 shown in FIG. 9 therefore has only one of the two holes.
  • the housing parts 101 and 102 are electrically isolated from one another by the seal 103.
  • the housing is closed, for example, by flanging.
  • the housing part 101 forms the negative pole and the housing part 102 the positive pole of the cell 100.
  • the cell 100 shows a cell 100 with a housing made up of a first housing part 101 and a second housing part 102 and a third housing part 155.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is enclosed in the housing.
  • the housing is overall cylindrical, the Ge housing part 101 is designed as a hollow cylinder with two end-face circular openings.
  • the housing parts 102 and 155 serve to close the circular openings and are designed as circular covers.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is in the form of a cylindri's winding with two end faces.
  • a section through an energy storage element could look exactly the same.
  • the housing part 101 would in this case have a rectangular cross section and two rectangular openings, the housing parts 102 and 155 would be designed as rectangular covers to close the rectangular openings.
  • the reference number 104 would not designate an electrode-separator assembly in a cylindrical shape, but a stack of several identical electrode-separator assemblies.
  • the free edge strip 121 of an anode current collector 110 emerges from one end face of the electrode-separator assembly 104, and the free edge strip 117 of a cathode current collector 115 exits from the other end face.
  • the edge 11Oe of the anode current collector 110 is in direct contact with the housing part over its entire length 155 and is connected to this at least over several sections, preferably over its entire length, by welding.
  • the housing seteil 155 thus also functions as a contact plate within the meaning of the invention.
  • the edge 115e of the cathode current collector 115 is in direct contact with the contact plate 105 over its entire length and is connected to it by welding at least over several sections, preferably over its entire length.
  • the contact plate 105 is directly connected to the metallic pole bolt 108, preferably welded. This is guided out of the housing through an opening in the housing part 102 and isolated from the housing part 102 by means of the electrical insulation 106.
  • the pole bolt 108 and the electrical insulation 106 together form a pole bushing.
  • a hole 109 closed for example by means of soldering, welding or gluing, which can be used, for example, to introduce electrolyte into the housing.
  • a hole could have been made in the housing part 155 for the same purpose.
  • the housing parts 102 and 155 are welded into the circular openings of the housing part 101.
  • the housing parts 101, 102 and 155 thus have the same polarity and form the negative pole of the cell 100.
  • the pole bolt 108 forms the positive pole of the cell 100.
  • FIG. 11 shows a cell 100 with a housing made up of a first housing part 101 and a second housing part 102.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is enclosed in the housing.
  • the housing is cylindrical overall, the housing part 101 has a circular base 101a, a hollow cylindrical jacket 101b and a circular opening opposite the base 101a.
  • the housing part 102 is used to close the circular opening and is designed as a circular cover.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is in the form of a cylindrical winding with two end faces.
  • the housing part 101 would have a rectangular bottom 101a, a rectangular side wall 101b and a rectangular cross-section and a rectangular opening, the housing part 102 would be designed as a rectangular cover to close the rectangular opening.
  • the reference number 104 would not designate an electrode-separator assembly in a cylindrical shape, but a stack of several identical electrode-separator assemblies.
  • the free edge strip 121 of an anode current collector 110 emerges from one end face of the electrode-separator assembly 104, and the free edge strip 117 of a cathode current collector 115 exits from the other end face.
  • the edge 11Oe of the anode current collector 110 is in direct contact with the ground over its entire length 101a of the housing part 101 and is connected to this at least over several sections, preferably over its entire length, by welding.
  • the edge 115e of the cathode current collector 115 is in direct contact with the housing part 102 over its entire length and is connected to it by welding at least over several sections, preferably over its entire length.
  • the housing part 102 thus simultaneously serves as a contact plate.
  • the anode current collector 110 is loaded on both sides with a layer of negative electrode material 123, but has a free edge strip 121 which extends along the longitudinal edge 110e and which is not loaded with the electrode material 123. Instead, the free edge strip 121 is coated on both sides with a ceramic support material 165.
  • the cathode current collector 115 is loaded on both sides with a layer of negative electrode material 125, but has a free edge strip 117 which extends along the longitudinal edge 115e and which is not loaded with the electrode material 125. Instead, the free edge strip 117 is coated on both sides with a ceramic support material 165.
  • the current collectors 110 and 115 can be perforated in the areas in which they are loaded with the electrode materials 123 and 125, for example as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the electrode-separator composite 104 has two end faces which are formed by the longitudinal edges 118a and 119a as well as 118b and 119b of the separators 118 and 119. From these end faces the longitudinal edges of the current collectors 110 and 115 protrude. The corresponding protrusions are labeled d1 and d2.
  • the separators 118 and 119 either each have at least one surface that has a ceramic coating, or they each include a ceramic filler material that improves their resistance to thermal loads.
  • the housing part 102 there is a hole 109 which can be used, for example, to introduce electrolyte into the housing.
  • the hole is closed with the pressure relief valve 141, which is connected to the housing seteil 102, for example by welding.
  • the housing parts 101 and 102 are electrically isolated from one another by the seal 103.
  • the housing is closed by a flange.
  • the opening edge 101c of the housing part is bent radially inward.
  • the housing part 101 forms the negative pole and the housing part 102 the positive pole of the cell 100.
  • the procedure shown in FIG. 12 can be followed; the individual method steps A to I are described below.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is provided, on whose upper end face the housing part 102 serving as a contact plate is placed. This is in step B with the longitudinal edge 115e of the cathode current collector 115 welded.
  • the circumferential seal 103 is pulled onto the edge of the housing part 102.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 is pushed into the housing part 101 until the longitudinal edge 110e of the anode current collector 110 is in direct contact with the bottom 101a of the housing part 101.
  • this this is welded to the base 101a of the housing part 101.
  • step F the casing closes by flanging.
  • the opening edge 10c of the housing part 101 is bent over radially inward.
  • step G the housing is filled with electrolyte, which is metered into the housing through the opening 109.
  • the opening 109 is closed in steps H and I by means of the pressure relief valve 141 which is welded onto the housing part 102.
  • the electrode-separator assembly 104 can, for example, have a positive electrode composed of 95% by weight of NMCA, 2% by weight of an electrode binder and 3% by weight of carbon black as the conductive agent.
  • the negative electrode can be, for example, 70% by weight Silicon, 25% by weight of graphite, 2% by weight of an electrode binder and 3% by weight of carbon black as a conductive agent.
  • a 2 M solution of Li PF6 in THF / mTHF (1: 1) or a 1.5 M solution of LiPF6 in FEC / EMC (3: 7) with 2% by weight of VC can be used as the electrolyte.
  • anodes which have a high proportion of a carbon-based storage material and a silicon / silicon oxide proportion of ⁇ 10% by weight.
  • classic electrolytes are often used, in which a conductive salt is dissolved in a mixture of organic carbonates.

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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne une pile au lithium-ion (100) qui est connue en ce qu'elle comprend un composite électrode-séparateur de type bande (104) séquencé comme suit : anode (120) / séparateur (118) / cathode (130). L'anode (120) et la cathode (130) comprennent chacune un collecteur de courant (110 ; 115) avec un premier et un second bord longitudinal (110e, 115e) et les collecteurs de courant présentent chacun une région principale (122, 126) pourvue d'une couche constituée du matériau d'électrode respectif (123, 125), et une bande de bord libre (121, 117) s'étendant le long du premier bord longitudinal (110e, 115e) et non pourvue du matériau d'électrode. Le composite (104) se présente sous la forme d'un enroulement ayant deux côtés d'extrémité terminaux et est entouré par un boîtier. L'anode (120) et la cathode (130) sont disposées de manière décalée à l'intérieur du composite (104), de telle sorte que le premier bord longitudinal (110) du collecteur de courant d'anode sort de l'un des côtés d'extrémité de borne et que le premier bord longitudinal (115e) du collecteur de courant de cathode passe à l'extérieur de l'autre côté d'extrémité de borne. La pile (100) présente un élément de contact métallique (101a, 102, 155) qui est en contact direct et relié par soudage à l'un des premiers bords longitudinaux (110e, 115e). Selon l'invention, le séparateur (118) comprend au moins un matériau inorganique qui améliore sa résistance à la contrainte thermique.
EP21733131.3A 2020-06-19 2021-06-18 Pile lithium-ion à haute densité d'énergie spécifique Pending EP4169105A1 (fr)

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EP20181273.2A EP3916829A1 (fr) 2020-05-29 2020-06-19 Élément lithium-ion à haute densité énergétique spécifique
PCT/EP2021/066609 WO2021255238A1 (fr) 2020-06-19 2021-06-18 Pile lithium-ion à haute densité d'énergie spécifique

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DE102022129522A1 (de) * 2022-11-08 2024-05-08 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Elektrodenwickel für eine Energiespeicherzelle, Energiespeicherzelle und Verfahren zur Herstellung
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JP4401065B2 (ja) 2002-09-30 2010-01-20 三洋電機株式会社 二次電池及びその製造方法
KR20070064555A (ko) * 2004-04-30 2007-06-21 에이일이삼 시스템즈 인코포레이티드 저 임피던스 적층 배터리 장치 및 그 제조 방법
US9287540B2 (en) * 2011-05-31 2016-03-15 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Separators for a lithium ion battery
DE102014216435A1 (de) 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 Volkswagen Varta Microbattery Forschungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg Batterie mit prismatischem Gehäuse und Herstellungsverfahren
EP3258519A1 (fr) 2016-06-16 2017-12-20 VARTA Microbattery GmbH Cellule electrochimique a resistance interne optimisee

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JP2023530349A (ja) 2023-07-14
WO2021255238A1 (fr) 2021-12-23
CN115702517A (zh) 2023-02-14
US20230223658A1 (en) 2023-07-13

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