EP4168198A1

EP4168198A1 - Method for producing a mold segment component, mold segment component, vulcanization mold, and pneumatic vehicle tire

Info

Publication number: EP4168198A1
Application number: EP20824902.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Nicholas Hoppe; Jürgen DZICK; Bert Voelker
Original assignee: Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH
Current assignee: Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH
Priority date: 2020-06-17
Filing date: 2020-12-08
Publication date: 2023-04-26
Also published as: CN115697592A; US20230241682A1; JP2023529383A; WO2021254653A1; DE102020207473A1; KR20230010234A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a mold segment component of a vulcanization mold for a pneumatic vehicle tire, the mold segment being provided for molding at least one tread lug or one lug-structured region of a tread having a tread outer surface, said tread being curved overall, and the mold segment component being built up by means of an additive method such as selective laser melting by the layer-by-layer flat application and melting of a metal powder on a flat building plate (10), together with a bottom part (7b) and mold elements, such as fins (4) and/or microfins (11) and/or ribs and/or regions of ribs, wherein mold elements delimit or extend around mutually adjacent mold surface elements (12) of the bottom part (7b), which mold surface elements mold a region of the tread outer surface and have outer surfaces (12a). During the additive build-up, the mold surface elements (12) are each additively built up with a uniform flat outer surface (12a) or with two to three flat outer surfaces (12a) running in a stepped arrangement relative to each other, and all outer surfaces (12a) of the mold surface elements (12) run parallel to each other and, with respect to the building plate (10), are surfaces located at different levels, such that the mutual arrangement of the outer surfaces (12a) of the mold surface elements (12) largely approximates the curvature of the region of the tread outer surface to be molded.

Description

description

Process for the production of a mold segment component, mold segment component, vulcanization mold and pneumatic vehicle tire

The invention relates to a method for producing a molded segment component of a vulcanization mold for a pneumatic vehicle tire for molding at least one tread block or a block-like structured area of an overall curved tread with an outer surface of the tread, which molded segment component is formed by means of an additive process such as selective laser melting by layer-by-layer application and melting of a metal powder a planar building board together with a base part and shaped elements such as lamellae and / or micro-lamellae and / or ribs and / or areas of ribs, with shaped elements delimiting or encircling adjacent shaped surface elements forming an area of the outer surface of the tread.

The invention also relates to a molded segment component of a vulcanization mold for a pneumatic vehicle tire for molding at least one tread block or a block-like structured area of an overall curved tread with an outer surface of the tread, which molding segment component by means of an additive process such as selective laser melting by layer-by-layer application and melting of a metal powder on a flat building board together with a base part and shaped elements, such as lamellae and / or micro-lamellae and / or ribs and / or areas of ribs, with shaped elements delimiting or encircling adjacent shaped surface elements forming an area of the outer surface of the tread.

The invention also relates to a pneumatic vehicle tire with a profiled, generally curved tread, which is divided into tread blocks by grooves and / or is structured in a block-like manner, profile blocks and / or block-like structures being provided which are provided with traversing incisions and / or micro-incisions, positive surface elements being formed between incisions or micro-incisions or between incisions and micro-incisions or between incisions, micro-incisions and grooves.

The vulcanization of pneumatic vehicle tires takes place in hot presses, in which green tires are inserted into a vulcanization mold and vulcanized under the action of pressure and heat. The tread of the tire is formed and heated by means of a mold segment ring consisting of several mold segments, whereby the tread profile is also formed, since the mold segments are provided with mold elements such as ribs and lamellae on their mold sides facing the mold cavity. Traditionally, shaped segment rings are manufactured from steel or aluminum alloys by casting processes with subsequent machining or by exclusively machining.

It is also known to manufacture mold segment components or mold segments by means of an additive manufacturing process, in particular by selective laser melting. For example, it is known from EP 2 379315 B1 to produce a 0.25 mm to 3.00 mm thick lining layer for molded segments together with the molded elements forming the tread profile in one piece by laser sintering. From EP 2 399 695 A1 it is known to produce complete shaped segments with the elements forming the profile of the tread by selective laser melting. DE 102018 202 603 A1 discloses a mold segment component which contains the negative profile of the tread and which is produced by means of a generative manufacturing process, for example by means of selective laser melting. The mold segment component is materially connected to a carrier element serving as a segment back, so that a hybrid mold segment is obtained in this way.

With the additive construction of mold segments or mold segment components, the mold surface, which forms the outer surface (positive surface) of the tread during vulcanization, corresponds to the intended and required curvature of the Tread of the vehicle pneumatic tire built up. After the metal powder is applied in layers and the metal powder is subsequently melted in the additive structure, this curvature is formed by a corresponding offset of the individual layers applied one after the other. As a result, a large number of tiny steps are formed on the inner surface or on the shaped surface elements. Post-processing for smoothing is particularly difficult between lamellae or micro-lamellae, where there are small shaped surface elements, and is therefore not carried out. If a tire is vulcanized in such a vulcanization mold, the tread has an irregularly structured and visually unappealing positive surface.

The invention is based on the object of avoiding such step formation in order to ensure a largely flawless outer surface of the treads of the vulcanized tires, in particular also of the surface areas that are present at cuts, micro-cuts and between cuts, micro-cuts and grooves.

With regard to the method, the set object is achieved according to the invention in that the shaped surface elements are each additively built up as a uniform flat surface or from several planes with a level difference of at least 100 μm from one another in stepped surfaces, with all shaped surface elements or their surfaces running parallel to one another and , in relation to the building board, are located on different levels, such that their mutual arrangement is largely approximated to the curvature of the area to be formed of the outer tread surface.

The mold segment component according to the invention is characterized in that mold surface elements are each uniformly flat surfaces or consist of several flat, stepped surfaces with a level difference of at least 100 μm, with all mold surface elements or their surfaces running parallel to one another and, based on the building board , are located on different levels surfaces, such that their mutual arrangement is largely approximated to the curvature of the area to be formed of the outer surface of the tread. By means of the invention, molded surface elements are formed which do not require any reworking and which form positive surfaces of perfect quality on the vulcanized tires. After the orientation of the very small, parallel-oriented molded surface elements has approximated the curvature of the positive surface area to be formed, a tire which is vulcanized in a vulcanization mold with mold segments, which on the inside of the mold are composed of mold segment components according to the invention, has an overall optically very appealing positive surface.

The mold segment component is preferably built up additively with lamellae and / or micro-lamellae running parallel to one another. In this embodiment, it is particularly advantageous if shaped surface elements with several flat, stepped surfaces with side surfaces causing the level difference are built up additively in such a way that the side surfaces run parallel to the course of the lamellae and / or micro-lamellae. In a preferred embodiment, shaped surface elements made up of two or three such surfaces are provided.

The curvature of a tread of a pneumatic vehicle tire usually changes over the tread width, is usually less in the middle area of the tread and somewhat larger towards the tire shoulders. It is therefore particularly advantageous on the tire shoulder side if the mold segment components that form these areas are those in which the mold surface elements are composed, for example, of two or three, that is to say several, flat surfaces that run in steps towards one another. Molded surface elements with several surfaces running in steps towards one another form positive surface elements with step edges in the tread of the tire, which are advantageous for winter performance, grip on snow and ice. The interlocking effect that can be achieved on snow and ice is particularly effective when the stepped surfaces on the treads forming the form segment components are built up in such a way that the surfaces have widths that differ from one another by at most +/- 30%. An insert with shaped elements, such as lamellae, micro-lamellae and / or ribs or partial areas of ribs, possibly with edge-side frame parts and with the base plate, is preferably built up as a mold segment component.

The mold segment component is therefore in particular an insert that forms at least one profile block with the bottom part, mold elements and possibly with edge-side frame parts which are ribs forming grooves or parts of ribs forming grooves.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, structures as elevations and / or depressions, in particular with a height or depth corresponding to the layer thickness of the additive method, are printed on the surface of the molded surface elements. Molded surface elements printed in this way emboss microstructures on the tread of the vulcanized tire, which ensure particularly good ice and snow grip properties, especially in new tires. In this regard, the formation of surface structures that are carried out regularly, such as, for example, network-like structures, is particularly advantageous. However, structures that are printed as pictorial elements, geometric patterns, characters and the like can also have an effect that improves grip on snow and ice.

The invention further relates to a vulcanization mold for pneumatic vehicle tires with mold segments which contain mold segment components according to one or more of claims 8 to 11.

In pneumatic vehicle tires according to the invention, positive surface elements in a tread block or in a block-like structure are either a uniform flat surface or are each made up of several surfaces running in steps with a level difference of at least 100 μm, with all surfaces of a tread block or a block-like structure parallel to one another and are at different levels following the curvature of the tread. Such positive profile surface elements produce an additional structuring of the tread with edges, in particular with edges on which an increased edge pressure acts when the tire rolls on the ground. This increased edge pressure is particularly beneficial for winter performance, especially the snow and ice grip of the tire.

The incisions and / or micro-incisions in the profile blocks or block-like structures preferably extend parallel to one another. In this embodiment, it is also advantageous if, in the case of positive surface elements made up of several surfaces located on different levels, these are delimited by at least one edge which, following the course of the incisions and / or micro-incisions, runs parallel to them.

Further features, advantages and details of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the schematic drawing which shows exemplary embodiments. Show it

1 shows a view of a mold segment part of a tire vulcanization mold from a base part and with inserts inserted,

2 shows a view of a base part,

3 shows a view of the associated inserts,

4 shows a schematic view of a building board with built-up inserts,

5 shows a schematic view of inserts cut out of the building board,

6 is a schematic view of a single insert,

7, 8 and 9 show sectional views of inserts with different embodiments of the invention and

10 shows a tread block of a tread of a pneumatic vehicle tire in section. In the following description, the radial direction is understood to mean the direction of a perpendicular to the molding surface forming the outer tread surface, and the axial direction is understood to mean a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire to be vulcanized.

1 shows a view of a mold segment part 1 of a mold segment of a segment ring of a tire vulcanization mold, in particular for tires for passenger cars, vans or light trucks, with the inside - the side facing the mold cavity - being visible in particular. The segment ring is that part of the vulcanization mold which forms the tread of the tire together with its profile during the vulcanization of the tire. Usual segment rings are composed, for example, of seven to fourteen mold segments, each of which has a mold segment back on the inside opposite, by means of which the mold segments are arranged in a manner known per se on a segment shoe of the tire vulcanization mold.

To shape the profile of the tread of the tire to be vulcanized, the mold segment part 1 has molded elements - these are in particular ribs 3, lamellae 4 and possibly micro-lamellae 11 - with the ribs 3 in the embodiment shown at least partly from a rib skeleton 5 and partly from Inserts 6, as will be described in more detail below, are formed.

Slats 4 usually have a width in the order of magnitude of 0.40 mm to 1.00 mm, their height can vary and at least in sections correspond to the height of the ribs. Micro-lamellas 11, which usually form narrow and shallow incisions, have a width and height of approximately 0.20 mm to 0.30 mm.

The rear sides of the mold segment parts 1 are, for example, simple cylindrical surfaces, so that the mold segment parts 1 can be attached to the segment shoe of the vulcanization mold by means of appropriately designed adapters. In an alternative design are the mold segment parts 1 themselves already designed as an interface to the container of the vulcanization mold.

The base part 2 of the mold segment part 1 consists of a metallic material, in particular a steel or an aluminum alloy. In the embodiment shown, the base part 2 is a milled part with milled decorative shoulder ribs 2a on its lateral edge areas and the milled rib skeleton 5 (FIG. 2). The rib skeleton 5 has ribs 5a with rib flanks 5b, the arrangement and course of which corresponds to the arrangement and course of the ribs 3. The ribs 5a of the rib skeleton 5 are narrower than the ribs 3 forming the grooves; According to a preferred embodiment, the rib flanks 5b are flat surfaces which are oriented in the radial direction. Basically, the ribs 5a together with their rib flanks 5b are milled in such a way that the inserts 6 can be inserted flush from above. The level of the pointed areas of the ribs 5a corresponds to that of the groove-forming ribs 3. The depth of these depressions or the level of the bottom surfaces 8 is adapted to the thickness of the bottom plates 7b of the inserts 6 in such a way that when the inserts 6 are inserted, the inside of the inserts 6 forming the mold surface is at the intended mold surface level. The orientation of the floor surfaces 8 is adapted to the desired rounding or contour of the outside of the tread of the tire to be vulcanized.

For ventilation, the base part 2 is drilled through between the floor surfaces 8 and its rear side, with either a larger number of holes 9 being made for each floor surface 8 or only one or two holes 9 being made for ventilation and one on the respective floor surface 8 Type of sewer network milled from shallow depressions, which is or are connected to the hole 9 or holes 9. The inserts 6 are built up from a metal powder in large numbers on a building board 10 by an additive method, in particular by selective laser melting (FIG. 4). The building board 10 is a flat plate, wherein in a preferred embodiment the thickness of the building board 10 also determines the required depth of the recesses mentioned in the base part 2. The building board 10 is first also provided with holes 10a in accordance with the arrangement of the holes 9 in the base part 2. The formation of sewer networks, which correspond to the possibly provided milled sewer networks on the floor surfaces 8, can take place, but is not absolutely necessary, since the sewer networks milled on the floor surfaces 8 usually already ensure good ventilation.

The building board 10 is appropriately aligned and positioned in a 3D printer, the holes 10a created are covered flush with the top of the building board 10 with metal powder or the like. The individual inserts 6 are then built up in their intended designs layer by layer together with the intended lamellae 4 (FIG. 4), any additional micro-lamellae 11 (FIG. 8), other surface structures, possibly characters, treadwear indications and the like. In this case, 10 ventilation holes are left free at the positions of the holes 10a in the building board. The inserts 6 (Fig. 6) are also built up with the provided lamellae 4, possibly with micro-lamellae 11, the mentioned edge-side frame parts 7a, the base plate 7b, in such a way that when the inserts 6 are inserted, the ribs in their intended positions on the base part 2 5a of the rib skeleton 5 can be supplemented to form complete, groove-forming ribs 3. Depending on the actual design of the tread profile with grooves, the inserts 6 can also have frame parts 7a on only two or three sides and / or be designed in such a way that they have larger tread blocks, more than one tread block or other block-like structures in the tread together with the rib skeleton 5 shape. The inserts 6 can also contain shaped elements that form the ribs away from the rib skeleton.

In an alternative embodiment, the base part 2 of the mold segment part 1 does not have a rib skeleton but an inner surface on which inserts are positioned and fastened, for example screwed on, together with the mold elements that are provided Forming ribs, built up additively. The ribs can be constructed as edge-side frame parts of the inserts or also be formed within the inserts, so that it is possible to use inserts without edge-side frame parts or those inserts which are only partially provided with edge-side frame parts.

On the top of the building board 10, the base plates 7b of each insert 6 are built up with stepped and parallel planar shaped surface elements 12, the outermost layer of which is a molten metal powder layer with a flat outer surface.

7 shows an embodiment of an insert 6 with three additively constructed lamellae 4 running parallel to one another between two frame parts 7a. Between the lamellas 4 and between the two outer lamellae 4 and the frame parts 7a there is in each case an additively constructed, flat shaped surface element 12, which runs parallel to the surface of the building board 10. The shaped surface elements 12 between the outer lamellae 4 and the frame parts 7a have matching heights; they are at a higher level, based on the building board 10, than the two shaped surface elements 12 of the lamellae 4 located further inside, whose levels also coincide .

Each insert 6 occupies a specific position on the mold segment part 1 or is provided for a specific position. In each position, the respective insert 6 should form the outer contour or curvature of the outer surface of the tread provided at this point as well as possible. The structure of the surface area elements 12 is therefore carried out with a number of layers adapted to the layer thicknesses used in the additive method in such a way that the surface area elements 12 have levels that are as well adapted as possible to the curvature of the relevant tread area.

8 shows an exemplary embodiment of an insert 6 with three lamellae 4, a micro-lamella 11 each being built up additively between the three lamellae 4 and the outer lamellae 4 and the frame parts 7a. The micro-lamellae 11 and the lamellae 4 run in particular parallel to others, the micro-lamellae 11 centrally between the Slats 4 and the frame parts 7a. Both between the micro-lamellae 11 and the lamellae 4 and between the micro-lamellae 11 and the frame parts 7a, in each case a uniform flat shaped surface element 12 is additively formed. The shaped surface elements run stepped on different levels and parallel to one another and to the lamellae 4 and micro-lamellae 11 in such a way that their levels are adapted as well as possible to the curvature of the tread area to be formed.

9 shows an embodiment of an insert 6 with three lamellae 4 running parallel to one another. The insert 6 is provided for a position on the mold segment part 1 at which the outer contour of the tread part to be formed at this point has a height difference Ahi between the base of adjacent lamellae 4 and / or the outer slats 4 and the frame parts 7a, which is at least 100 μm. Between the lamellae 4 positioned with respect to one another and / or between the outer lamellae 4 and the frame parts 7a, the shaped surface element 12 is additively built up from two flat surfaces that run parallel to one another and are located on different levels. All of these surfaces in the insert 6 run parallel to one another. In the example shown, both surfaces, which adjoin the middle lamella 4 on both sides, are on the lowest level with respect to the building board 10, and the outermost surfaces on the respective outermost shaped surface elements 12 are on the relatively highest level. Instead of two, three or more surfaces with different levels can also be formed. A vertical side surface 12 a, which runs parallel to the lamellae 4, runs between the two surfaces in each shaped surface element 12. The widths b of the surfaces are preferably essentially the same, but can preferably differ from one another by at most ± 30%, depending on the curvature to be reproduced and the distances between the lamellae 4 or the lamellae 4 and the frame parts 7a.

The lamellae 4 and the micro-lamellae 11 can be designed in a zigzag or wave shape and / or can have any other, in particular three-dimensional, structuring. The lamellae 4 and micro-lamellae 11 can also be formed at varying heights. The flat shaped surface elements 12 or their surfaces can also be printed with high resolution in any desired manner and thus obtain different surface structures. Such structures are tiny elevations and / or depressions, which have a height or depth of, for example, 30 μm, corresponding to the layer thickness of a metal powder layer, in particular are pictorial elements, geometric patterns or characters or are structures that form superficial structures in the laustrail that at New, not yet worn tires, for example, have good ice or snow grip properties of the tread.

The inserts 6 are preferably cut out of the building board 10 together with the building board part on which they are directly built, for example by means of a laser beam, a water jet or mechanically. The mating surfaces will be reworked if necessary. The bottoms of such inserts 6 therefore each consist of the building board part and the additively constructed base plate 7b with the shaped surface elements 12. In an alternative embodiment, the inserts 6 are separated, for example cut off, along the top of the building board 10; the bottoms of such inserts are therefore additively constructed Floor plates 7b. In a further alternative, base plates that are prefabricated according to the dimensions of the inserts are used and each insert is built on a separate base plate.

The finished inserts 6 are then fastened in their positions on the base part 2. The inserts 6 are firmly connected, for example, by shrinking them in, in that the base part 2 is heated prior to insertion. Alternatively, the inserts 6 can be connected to the base part 2 by screwing or welding.

The additive structure of the inserts is automatically software-controlled, as is the milling work on the basic parts 2. The algorithm on which software control is based has to meet special requirements due to the stepped transitions in order to ensure the best possible design on the tire to achieve the best possible performance. FIG. 10 shows schematically a section through a profile block 13 of a tread of a vehicle air strip, with incisions 14 and micro-incisions 15 being formed in the profile block 13. The cut is, for example, a cut in the circumferential direction of the tread, so that the incisions 14 and the micro-incisions 15, which all preferably run parallel to one another, extend in the axial direction. Along the outer surface of the tread block 13 that comes into contact with the ground when the vehicle tire rolls, an envelope 16 is also drawn in with a dashed line; this shows the outer contour that would result if the tire were vulcanized in a conventional tire heating press. According to the invention, the profile block 13 has an outer surface of positive surface elements 13a, which all run parallel to one another, but whose mutual arrangement is adapted to the course of the envelope 16 and their curvature.

List of reference numerals

I. Mold segment part 2. Base part

2a. Decorative shoulder rib

3. rib

4. Lamella

5. Rib skeleton 5a. rib

5b. Rib flank

6. Use

7a. Frame part

7b. Base plate 8. Floor area

9th hole

10. Building board

10a. hole

II. Micro lamella 12. Shaped surface element

12a. Side face

13th Profile block

13a. Positive surface element

14th Incision 15. Micro incision

16. Envelope b. broad

Claims

1. A method for producing a molded segment component of a vulcanization mold for a pneumatic vehicle tire for molding at least one tread block or a block-like structured area of an overall curved tread with an outer surface of the tread, which molded segment component by means of an additive process such as selective laser melting by layer-by-layer application and melting of a metal powder on a flat Building board (10) together with a base part (7b) and shaped elements such as lamellae (4) and / or micro-lamellae (11) and / or ribs and / or areas of ribs, with shaped elements adjacent to one another, shaped surface elements forming an area of the outer surface of the tread (12) delimit or encircle, characterized in that shaped surface elements (12) each as a uniform flat surface or from several flat surfaces with a difference in level of at least 100 μm from one another in steps en (12a) are built up additively, with all of the shaped surface elements (12) or their surfaces running parallel to one another and, in relation to the building board (10), surfaces located on different levels, such that their mutual arrangement of the curvature of the area to be shaped Tread outer surface is largely approximated.

2. A method for producing a mold segment component with mutually parallel lamellae (4) and the micro-lamellae (11) according to claim 1, characterized in that with a plurality of flat, mutually stepped surfaces with the level difference causing side surfaces are built up additively that the Side surfaces run parallel to the course of the lamellae (4) and / or micro-lamellae (11).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that shaped surface elements (12) are built up additively from a plurality of flat surfaces running in steps to one another in such a way that the widths (b) of their surfaces differ from one another by at most ± 30%.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an insert (6) with shaped elements, such as lamellae (4), micro-lamellae (11) and / or ribs (5a) or partial areas of ribs, optionally as a mold segment component. with edge-side frame parts (7b) and with the base plate (10) is built up additively.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that surface structures as elevations and / or depressions, in particular with a height or depth corresponding to the layer thickness of the additive method, are printed on the surface of the molded surface elements.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that pictorial elements, geometric patterns, characters and the like are printed as superficial structures.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that evenly arranged structures, such as net-like structures, are printed as superficial structures.

8. Mold segment component of a vulcanization mold for a pneumatic vehicle tire for molding at least one tread block or a block-like structured area of an overall curved tread with an outer surface of the tread, which mold segment component by means of an additive process such as selective laser melting by layer-wise flat application and melting of a metal powder on a flat building board (10) including a base part (7b) and shaped elements such as lamellae (4) and / or micro-lamellae (11) and / or ribs and / or partial areas of Ribs, is constructed, wherein form elements delimit or encircle adjacent form elements (12) forming a region of the outer surface of the tread, characterized in that form surface elements (12) are each uniform flat surfaces or consist of several flat, stepped surfaces with a difference in level of at least 100 μm, with all of the shaped surface elements (12) or their surfaces running parallel to one another and, in relation to the building board (10), surfaces located on different levels such that their mutual arrangement largely approximates the curvature of the area of the outer tread surface to be shaped .

9. Mold segment component according to claim 8, characterized in that in the case of mold surface elements (12) with a plurality of flat surfaces running in steps towards one another, these surfaces have widths (b) which differ from one another by at most ± 30%.

10. Mold segment component with mutually parallel lamellae (4) and / or micro-lamellae (11) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that in the form of surface elements (12) with a plurality of flat, mutually stepped surfaces (12a) are provided with the level difference causing side surfaces which run parallel to lamellae (4) and / or micro-lamellae (11).

11. Mold segment component according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that it is an insert (6) which forms at least one profile block with the bottom part, molded elements and optionally with edge-side frame parts (7b) which form ribs or parts of grooves Ribs are.

12. Vulcanization mold for a pneumatic vehicle tire with mold segments which contain mold segment components according to one or more of claims 8 to 11.

13. Pneumatic vehicle tires with a profiled, generally curved tread, which is divided into tread blocks (13) by grooves and / or is structured in a block-like manner, with tread blocks (13) and / or block-like structures being present, in particular with traversing incisions (14) and / or micro-incisions (15) are provided, positive surface elements (13a) being formed between incisions (14) or micro-incisions (15) or between incisions (14) and micro-incisions (15) or between incisions (14), micro-incisions (15) and grooves , characterized in that positive surface elements (13a) in a profile block (13) or in a block-like structure are either a uniform flat surface or each consist of several surfaces running in steps with a level difference of at least 100 pm, with all surfaces of a profile block or one block-like structure parallel to each other and are at different levels following the curvature of the tread.

14. Pneumatic vehicle tire according to claim 13 with a tread with tread blocks (13) and / or block-like structures with mutually parallel incisions (14) and / or micro-incisions (15), characterized in that with positive surface elements (13a) of several, on different Areas located on the levels are delimited by at least one edge which, following the course of the incisions (14) and / or micro-incisions (15), runs parallel to them.

15. Pneumatic vehicle tire according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, in the case of positive surface elements made up of several surfaces, these surfaces are placed on or against one another. in descending order are at different levels.