EP4168146A1

EP4168146A1 - Cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts

Info

Publication number: EP4168146A1
Application number: EP21737580.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerhard Baratti
Original assignee: Baratti GmbH
Current assignee: Baratti GmbH
Priority date: 2020-06-22
Filing date: 2021-06-22
Publication date: 2023-04-26
Also published as: CN116018191A; WO2021259931A1; PE20230538A1; BR112022026228A2; KR20230029833A; US20230241531A1; CO2023000430A2; MX2023000116A; JP2023532148A; DE102020116414B3; CA3183272A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to an apparatus (1) for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts, in particular for the continuous further processing into hidden polymer films. According to the invention, the gas to be cleaned is supplied via at least one vacuum or degassing line (3) from a vacuum zone (2) of a plasticizer unit to a vacuum separator (40) having a has inlet (42) and a gas outlet (43), in which vacuum separator condensable, freezable and/or resublimatable substances are separated from the supplied gas to be cleaned by means of a cooling arrangement (50) and the separated substances are removed from the vacuum separator (40). By means of a heating arrangement (60), the substances separated by means of the cooling arrangement (50) are liquefied or softened at least in part in the vacuum separator (40) and removed from the vacuum separator (40), in particular by suctioning. As a result, a particularly efficient method and a particularly effective apparatus (1) for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts is created.

Description

Purification of gases from the degassing of polymer melts

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts, in particular for continuous further processing into stretched polymer films.

STATE OF THE ART

In the European patent EP 1262 727 B1 a device for suction or pressure conveying of dusty or granular material is described, as it is used in plastic processing, especially when stretching polymer films. It describes how substances that interfere with the further processing of plastics are extracted as exhaust air in the area of suction or pressure conveying, thereby improving the quality of plastics processing.

From the German patent DE 102007 056 610 B4 a Ver drive for the extrusion of plastic parts is known, in which the further processed, viscous plastic capable of sublimation, non-sublimable and / or condensable gases are withdrawn and a device is cooled by means of a horizontally cooled plate and on the Plate deposited where they are removed from time to time using compressed air. This makes it possible to improve the quality of the plastic processing, in particular by safely removing disruptive organic substances.

The device known from German patent application DE 102013 000 316 A1 for degassing polymer melts further develops the method known from German patent DE 102007 056 610 B4 in that the cooling plates are replaced by several parallel cooling tubes.

From the Japanese patent application JP H06-190897 A, another such device for degassing Polymerschmel zen is known, in which the exhaust gas is efficiently removed by a vacuum pump. In order to prevent the vacuum pump lines from clogging, the exhaust gas is cooled with liquid water or the condensed substances are heated and then removed via an extraction point. For this purpose, the tank shell is designed as a cooling body and a hot body. Wei terhin a number of plates is arranged in a tank to ensure passage of the gas to be purified in a zigzag shape and thereby improve the efficiency ver.

A comparable device for removing condensable constituents of warm exhaust gas streams which arise in the processes of polymer production is known from the German Offenle publication DE 19653 613 A1. The gas flow is fed to a drum or rotary kiln drying system, followed by the combined heat exchanger and separator. This is a vertical multi-jacket pipe. The exhaust gas enters the concentric annular gap between two pipes in order to descend in countercurrent to coolant flows that flow in separate tubes. The gas hits the ground of the separator near a condensate outlet in order to be fed back into another ring gap before reaching the lower outlet connection. The substances condensed in the combined heat exchanger and separator are removed intermittently by replacing the coolant with heating medium and heating it to 60 ° C to 80 ° C.

A device for degassing polymer melts and the neutralization of the resulting exhaust gases is also known from the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 102014 016 380 A1.

To improve the cleaning of the exhaust gases, a plasma device is used as a preliminary stage to the vacuum deposition with an impurities that have been converted into a plasma state from condensation. This can improve the cleaning effect.

The process known from European Patent EP 2322 338 B1 for the injection molding of plastic parts describes a further way of improving the process by heating the plastic granulate to a temperature above 100 ° C. before suctioning off the interfering substances. This leads to a more efficient separation of the interfering substances and the plastic to be processed, which improves the quality of the process.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention is based on the object of providing an improved method or an improved device for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts, in particular for continuous processing into stretched polymer films, which is improved over the prior art. The object is achieved according to the invention with a method which has the features specified in claim 1, and with a device which has the features specified in claim 4.

Advantageous refinements of the invention are the subject matter of the subclaims.

The method according to the invention for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts is particularly suitable for the plastic processing of polymer melts for the continuous production of stretched polymer films. The method is also suitable for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts from the compounding of plastics, in particular of recycled plastics.

The method for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts shows the following features. From a vacuum zone of a plasticizing unit, in which the plastic granulate is heated and where sublimable, non-sublimable and / or condensable gases arise and mix with the ambient gas to form a gas to be cleaned, the gas to be cleaned becomes a vacuum via at least one vacuum or degassing line -Separator supplied with a gas inlet and a gas outlet. In the vacuum separator, condensable, freeze-out and / or resublimable substances are separated from the supplied gas to be cleaned by means of a cooling arrangement. In addition, the substances separated by the cooling arrangement are at least partially liquefied or softened by means of a heating arrangement and removed from the vacuum separator.

The cooling arrangement is preferably operated in such a way that, due to its selected low temperature, rapid and comprehensive separation in the form of freezing out of the troublesome Substances from the gas to be cleaned are at least largely enough. This low temperature is preferably below the triple point of the substances to be deposited and thus clearly below the temperature that is or should be achieved by the heating arrangement on the cooling arrangement for heating the separated substances.

The substances can be separated from the gas to be cleaned in the vacuum separator by means of the cooling arrangement by freezing out, in particular at a temperature in the range of minus 18 ° C. Freezing out in particular has proven its worth, as the separation effect is particularly effi cient here and well over 90% of the disruptive substances are regularly separated. This is preferably achieved in that the cooling arrangement is cooled to a temperature in the range of minus 18 ° C. or below, which is achieved in particular by the application of a correspondingly cooled coolant, in particular a glycol.

This efficiency is particularly ensured if a negative pressure of less than 100 mbar, in particular in the range of or less than 10 mbar, is applied in the vacuum separator and the connected feed for the gas to be cleaned with the vacuum zone connected to it, and thus the undesired Substances from the polymer melt are degassed very efficiently and the resulting considerable gas volume of the undesired substances, such as water or olefins or plasticizers, are fed to the vacuum separator and are cooled there in a targeted manner by means of the cooling arrangement in the manner described, preferably below the triple point and thereby the undesired substances freeze out and can be removed from the vacuum separator after heating by means of the heating arrangement and wiping with the cleaning device. This proves the The choice of the cooling temperature and the choice of the negative pressure are very advantageous because, on the one hand, an efficient degassing of the plastics to be processed is efficient and, on the other hand, an efficient freezing of these unwanted substances in the gas flow is achieved. This leads to a significant reduction in the gas volume of up to 95% in the device after freezing, because the considerable gas volumes of the undesired, still gaseous substances that are frozen out by means of the method or the device are taken from the system and thus the negative pressure maintained or lowered without difficulty. This makes it possible according to the invention that the number of vacuum pumps required to generate the negative pressure can be reduced or their performance can be reduced considerably. This leads to an extremely energy-efficient device according to the invention or to a correspondingly efficient Ren process for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts. Incidentally, this design also ensures that the amount of unwanted substances that have not been separated can be reduced and the subsequent components of the device are less stressed and soiled and the need for necessary cleaning and maintenance can be reduced. The service life of these components, in particular the vacuum pumps, can also be increased.

By providing the heating of the separated substances, which in particular contain hydrocarbons of different chain length and structure, in the vacuum separator by means of the heating arrangement, it is possible to enable an efficient separation process in the vacuum separator. By the Heating, which regularly leads to an at least partial Ver liquid or softening of the deposited substances, it is advantageously possible to remove the deposited substances from the cooling arrangement easily and efficiently and thereby efficient cooling of the gas to be cleaned and thus separation of the interfering substances in the to achieve purifying gas.

In addition, it has proven to be particularly advantageous sen to provide the device for cleaning gases with a mechanical cleaning device, in particular with at least egg nem scraper for at least partial superficial scraping of the deposited substances from the cooling arrangement. The interaction of the heating arrangement with the mechanical cleaning device allows the at least partially liquefied and / or softened, separated substances to be removed particularly easily and efficiently, so that these separated, separated substances due to their weight down into the lower area of the vacuum separator fall from the removal opening and can be removed there in a simple manner by means of the removal opening, in particular by suction. In this case, the mechanical cleaning device is adapted to the cooling arrangement in such a way that it can wipe off the surface of the cooling arrangement and thereby detach, in particular wipe off or scrape off, frozen-out substances located thereon. The mechanical cleaning is preferably not carried out continuously during the entire process of cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts, but only at part times of the entire process of cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts, in particular during or after the heating process. The vacuum separator is preferably designed in such a way that that it shows a closed housing which has a gas inlet for supplying the gas to be cleaned and a gas outlet for discharging the gas cleaned in the vacuum separator. Inside the housing, a cooling arrangement is arranged for cooling the gas to be purified, by means of which interfering substances, for example sublimationsfä capable, non-sublimation capable and / or condensable gases from the degassing of polymer melts are separated. These deposited substances can be condensed, frozen out and / or resublimed.

The interfering substances are regularly cooled in such a way that a tough, plastic or solid phase is formed, which makes the further separation of interfering substances difficult due to a reduced heat transfer between the gas to be cleaned and the cooling arrangement. To improve the efficiency, it has proven to be advantageous to heat the deposited substances and thereby at least partially liquefy or soften them and then preferably to remove them mechanically.

The cooling arrangement can contain one or more cooling elements, which can be designed differently. Cooling elements in the form of plate or tube coolers, which can be arranged inside the housing of the vacuum separator or on or in the wall of the vacuum separator, have proven particularly useful. The cooling effect can be generated by applying coolants (gaseous or liquid) to the cooling elements, but also by electrical, physical or chemical processes in or on the cooling elements.

The separated substances, which in particular contain hydrocarbons of different chain lengths and structures, typically show different solidification temperatures or liquefaction temperatures or softening temperatures, so that the deposited phase of the deposited substances on the cooling arrangement is softened or liquefied in a wide temperature range by heating. As soon as the separated phase has partially softened or liquefied, it is possible to remove the separated, disruptive substances efficiently with little effort and with little risk of damage to the cooling arrangement from the cooling arrangement and removing them from the vacuum separator.

Regardless of the provision of heating by means of a heating arrangement which at least partially liquefies or softens the substances deposited by means of the cooling arrangement, a method for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts, in particular for the plastics processing of polymer melts for the continuous production of stretched polymer films proved to be particularly efficient. This method for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts from the compounding of plastics is particularly suitable for recycled plastics.

The method for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts shows the following features. From a vacuum zone of a plasticizing unit, in which the plastic granulate is heated and where sublimable, non-sublimable and / or condensable gases arise and mix with the ambient gas to form a gas to be cleaned, the gas to be cleaned becomes a vacuum via at least one vacuum or degassing line -Separator supplied with a gas inlet and a gas outlet. In the vacuum separator, condensable, freeze-out and / or resublimable substances are removed from the supplied gas to be cleaned by means of a Cooling arrangement deposited. In addition, the substances separated by means of the cooling arrangement are at least partially stripped from the cooling arrangement and removed from the vacuum separator by means of a cleaning device. The separation of the substances from the gas to be cleaned in the vacuum separator by means of the cooling arrangement can be carried out not only by condensing or resublimation but also by freezing out, in particular at a temperature in the range of minus 18 ° C. Freezing out in particular has proven to be particularly effective, as the separation effect is particularly efficient here and well over 90% of the disruptive substances are regularly separated out, which enables particularly efficient cleaning of the gases even without heating the separated substances by means of a heating arrangement. This is preferably achieved in that the cooling arrangement is cooled to a temperature in the range of minus 18 ° C. or below, which is achieved in particular by applying an appropriately cooled coolant.

According to a further development of the invention, the heating arrangement can contain one or more heating elements, which can be differentiated. Heating elements in the form of plate or tube heating elements that can be arranged inside the housing of the vacuum separator or on or in the wall of the vacuum separator have proven particularly useful. The heating effect can be generated by applying heating agents (gaseous or liquid) to the heating elements, but also by electrical, physical or chemical processes in or on the heating elements.

The removal of the liquefied or softened, disruptive substances also proves to be much easier than in the prior art, in which the frozen, solid disruptive substances are scraped off the cooling arrangement and replaced by a large one Maintenance opening can be removed after sweeping together. The liquefied or softened interfering substances can preferably be removed by suction through a preferably small suction opening. This makes it possible to largely fill the interior of the vacuum separator with a cooling arrangement or a heating arrangement and thereby select the cooling or heating surface to be particularly large, which enables particularly efficient process management.

In addition, it has proven to be particularly advantageous to further develop the process for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts in such a way that the substances separated by means of the cooling arrangement are heated to a temperature in the range of the liquefaction temperature or softening temperature to at least some of the separated substances the. The heating is selected in particular so that a temperature in the range of 100 ° C or above, in particular in the range of 160 ° C, is reached.

This makes it possible to very efficiently remove at least the major part of the disruptive substances from the gas to be cleaned by deposition and subsequent removal on or from the cooling arrangement, thereby creating a very effective device for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts. This makes it possible to remove the disruptive substances to a sufficient extent from the immediate plastics processing process and to make the cleaning process safe and efficient. This development is particularly characterized in that the amount of interfering substances that leave the vacuum separator and are sucked in by the vacuum system arranged below is limited to a low level and consequently subsequent components of the device for cleaning of gases from the degassing of polymer melts from damage.

Furthermore, it has proven particularly useful to develop the method for cleaning gases in such a way that the cooling arrangement and the heating arrangement have common cooling and heating elements. It proves to be particularly advantageous if essential parts or all of the cooling and heating elements are designed as common cooling and heating elements. This makes it possible to use the interior space and / or the wall of the vacuum separator very efficiently for the cooling arrangement or for the heating arrangement with their common heating and cooling elements. This is made possible in particular by the fact that the space required for the heating arrangement and cooling arrangement is reduced without the heating or cooling capacity being restricted, which is associated with a particularly advantageous use of space for the vacuum separator.

Preferably, in particular, the common cooling and heating elements are alternately acted upon with heating or cooling medium, thereby ensuring the alternative function of heating and cooling, which enables particularly efficient process control. This is particularly true when the heating and cooling media are chosen to be the same. Oils or water or mixtures with these have proven to be particularly advantageous as heating and cooling agents.

It has proven particularly useful to develop the method for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts in such a way that the separation and liquefaction or softening of the condensed, frozen and / or resublimed substances from the gas that is fed in and to be cleaned is also carried out the removal of the separated substances takes place alternately. By doing this sequentially The individual process steps of separation and liquefaction or softening ensure that these steps can run very efficiently without any negative influence. The removal takes place regularly after liquefaction or softening, which simplifies the process management. It is also possible that there is a temporal overlap between liquefaction or softening and removal, in particular by suction, and thus the time in which the vacuum separator is not available for separating interfering substances is reduced. After removal, the process step of separating is continued, followed by liquefying or softening and so on.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention shows a device for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts, the gas to be cleaned being fed to the device from a vacuum zone of a plasticizing unit by means of at least one vacuum or degassing line, with a vacuum separator, which has a housing which has a gas inlet for the gas to be cleaned and a gas outlet which has a cooling arrangement by means of which condensable, freeze-out and / or resublimable substances can be separated from the gas supplied and cleaned, and from which the separated substances can be removed from the housing of the vacuum separator. The vacuum separator is provided with a heating arrangement which is suitable for at least partially liquefying or softening substances separated by means of the cooling arrangement. The at least partially softened or liquefied substances can then be removed particularly easily from the vacuum separator. By providing the heating of the separated substances, which in particular contain hydrocarbons of different chain length and structure, in the vacuum separator by means of the heating arrangement, it is possible to enable an efficient separation process in the vacuum separator. By heating, which regularly leads to an at least partial Ver liquid or softening of the deposited substances, it is advantageously possible to easily and efficiently remove the deposited substances from the cooling arrangement, which is regularly done by draining or dripping from the cooling arrangement. As a result, the cooling effect of the cooling arrangement is improved and thus an efficient cooling of the gas to be cleaned and thus a particularly effective separation of the interfering substances in the gas to be cleaned.

It has proven particularly useful to develop the device for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts in such a way that a removal opening is provided in the lower area of the housing of the vacuum separator, by means of which the separated and at least partially liquefied or softened substances can be removed are. By liquefying or softening the deposited substances can be easily removed from the cooling arrangement, which is brought about by mechanical, chemical or physical support in particular by the action of the weight of the substances and leads to the substances in the area of the deepest point of the Collect the interior of the vacuum separator, where a removal opening is preferably arranged. This enables in particular the suction of the at least partially liquefied or softened substances which were originally deposited on the cooling arrangement and were liquefied or softened by heating by means of the heating arrangement and have thereby become detached from the cooling arrangement. Precisely the provision of a suction opening, which can be of a significantly smaller diameter than a conventional removal opening of a vacuum separator from the prior art, wel cher the introduction of tools and, if necessary, the intervention of the operator of the device for getting together and removing the swept solid substances made possible, proves to be an advantage. An inner diameter of a few cm is sufficient, in particular in the range of 5 cm.

In this case, the heating arrangement can contain one or more heating elements, which can be designed to be differentiated. Heating elements in the form of plate or tubular heating elements that can be arranged inside the housing of the vacuum separator or on or in the wall of the vacuum separator have proven particularly useful. The heating effect can be generated by applying heating means (gaseous or liquid) to the heating elements, but also by electrical, physical or chemical processes in or on the heating elements.

The cooling arrangement can also contain one or more cooling elements, which can be differentiated. Cooling elements in the form of plate or tube coolers, which can be arranged inside the housing of the vacuum separator or on or in the wall of the vacuum separator, have proven particularly useful. The cooling effect can be generated by applying coolants (gaseous or liquid) to the cooling elements, but also by electrical, physical or chemical processes in or on the cooling elements.

The vacuum separator has a housing which has a gas inlet for the gas to be cleaned and a gas outlet. The gas inlet is below the gas outlet arranged in the housing, whereby an upward gas flow of the gas to be cleaned is ent in the interior of the housing and slides along the cooling arrangement. Preferably, the gas inlet is arranged so that the gas to be cleaned flowing into the interior of the housing hits the cooling arrangement in a targeted manner in the region of the lower end and is then guided upwards along the cooling arrangement in the direction of the gas outlet. This before ferred training makes it possible to achieve efficient cooling of the gas to be cleaned with the aid of the cooling arrangement.

A preferred development of the device for cleaning gases shows a cooling arrangement which is designed to cool the gas to be cleaned in such a way, in particular to a temperature in the range of minus 18 ° C or below, that the substances that can be frozen out of the supplied gas to be cleaned are separable by freezing out. Freezing out in particular has proven to be particularly effective, since the separation effect is particularly efficient here and well over 90% of the disruptive substances are regularly separated. This is preferably achieved in that the cooling arrangement is cooled to a temperature in the range of minus 18 ° C. or below, which is achieved in particular by applying an appropriately cooled coolant.

In addition to the particularly advantageous combination of the described design of the cooling arrangement with the described formation of the heating arrangement, which is suitable for at least partially liquefying or softening substances deposited by means of the cooling arrangement, in a device for cleaning gases with a heating arrangement, it has become alternatively also proven to be very advantageous to train this device for cleaning gases without such a heating arrangement. The cooling arrangement is designed so that that too cleaning gas can be cooled, in particular cooled to a temperature in the range of minus 18 ° C. or below, that the substances which can be frozen out can be separated out by freezing out of the supplied gas to be cleaned. Freezing out at a negative pressure in the range of 10 mbar or below 10 mbar has particularly proven itself, since the separation effect is particularly efficient here and well over 90% of the interfering substances are regularly separated and the gas volume in the device by up to 95% can be reduced by freezing out. This is preferably achieved in that the cooling arrangement is cooled to a temperature in the range of minus 18 ° C. or below, which is achieved in particular by applying an appropriately cooled coolant. Preferably, by means of a cleaning device, the frozen-out substances separated by means of the cooling arrangement are at least partially stripped from the cooling arrangement and removed from the vacuum separator. This design of the device for cleaning gases proves to be very effective even without a heating arrangement for heating the deposited substances. In particular, it enables the associated vacuum arrangement for generating the gas flow from the vacuum zone through the vacuum separator to be designed smaller and, if necessary, to dispense with subsequent filter stages.

A preferred development of the device for cleaning gases shows a heating arrangement which is designed to heat the substances separated by means of the cooling arrangement to a temperature in the range of the liquefaction or softening temperature of at least some of the separated substances, the heating being in particular to a Temperature in the range of 100 ° C or above, in particular in the range of 160 ° C takes place. This further connection is evident by a good liquefaction of the essential interfering substances, so that the draining of the separated in particular frozen disruptive substances from the cooling arrangement is very successful and the typical later removal can be done very easily and safely.

According to a preferred development of the device for cleaning gases, the heating arrangement has a heating gas supply, by means of which heating gas can be supplied to the housing in such a way that supplied heating gas hits the cooling arrangement and is suitable for at least partially heating and liquefying substances deposited thereon. The at least partially liquefied or softened substances can thus be removed from the housing of the vacuum separator via the removal opening. This is all the more true if the at least partially liquefied or softened substances are already detached from the cooling arrangement due to their weight and get down into the lower area of the interior and thus into the area of the removal opening. The dissolution process can be controlled by a suitable choice of temperature and optionally supported by mechanical processes (for example by using mechanical cleaning devices) and / or by other physico-chemical processes (for example by using suitable solvents or cleaning agents).

The heating gas is preferably selected as at least one inert gas, as steam, as water vapor or as a combination of several components therefrom. This choice enables very efficient and safe heating.

The heating gas, which is preferably an inert gas such as nitrogen, is introduced into the interior of the vacuum separator in such a way that the entire cooling arrangement is acted upon with the tempered heating gas and thereby can develop its heating effect on the entire cooling arrangement with the interfering substances deposited on it. In addition to a separate heating gas supply and heating gas discharge, it has proven particularly useful to use the existing gas inlet and the existing gas outlet for supplying and discharging the heating gas, with the alternative supply or discharge of heating gas or gas to be cleaned through upstream and downstream valves is made possible.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the device, the heating arrangement has at least one heating tube which extends in the interior of the housing of the vacuum separator and which is designed in particular as a double-walled heating tube for receiving a heating medium. In particular, several heating pipes and / or inner and outer pipes of one or more double-walled heating pipes are connected to one another in a meandering manner. It has proven particularly useful to use gaseous or liquid heating means. Liquid heating media such as water, in particular distilled water or oils such as thermal oils or silicone oils, have proven particularly useful. These enable very efficient heat transfer due to their heat capacity. The preferred provision of meandering heating pipes or the provision of a plurality of pipes makes it possible to achieve very effective heating of the deposited substances on the cooling arrangement. This is particularly successful in that heating tubes are arranged adjacent to the cooling arrangement, in particular to its cooling tubes. The cooling and heating tubes are preferably arranged to run essentially parallel. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the device for cleaning gases, the housing of the vacuum separator has a cover which forms a feed and / or discharge line to several, in particular parallel, heating pipes and / or heating pipes designed as a double-walled pipe. This makes it possible to realize a very compact vacuum separator, which is characterized by efficient cooling and efficient heating, whereby a particularly good cleaning effect for the gases can be achieved.

In addition, it has proven to be particularly advantageous to design the device for cleaning gases in such a way that the heating arrangement is at least partially arranged in the wall of the housing. At least one heating pipe running in the wall of the housing and / or at least one or more meandering interconnected heating pipes and / or one or more spaces extending flat over the wall of the housing for receiving a heating medium are provided. The spaces in the wall can have different shapes, for example as flat pockets into which the heating medium flows in and out of which it flows out, whereby the heat of the heating medium in the recess is transferred to the wall and then into the interior with the cooling arrangement reaches the heating of the separated substances. The alternative or additional provision of heating pipes or spaces for heating in the wall of the housing of the vacuum separator makes it possible to achieve particularly efficient heating, whereby a particularly good cleaning effect for the gases can be achieved. The heating pipes and / or spaces for the heating medium or the coolant are spaced from one another in such a way that the gases deposited on the cooling arrangement can reach a thickness of up to 20 mm without the gas flow of the gas to be cleaned being significantly restricted. A distance between the heating pipes and / or spaces for the heating medium or the coolant is therefore preferably selected to be greater than 40 mm.

In a preferred development of the device for cleaning gases, the cooling arrangement and the heating arrangement of the vacuum separator are designed with at least one common pipe and / or at least one common space for receiving a heating and cooling agent. In this case, at least one switching valve is preferred upstream and downstream of the at least one common pipe and / or intermediate space, so that heating medium or coolant can be selectively applied to the common pipes and / or intermediate spaces. Preferably, the tubes or the spaces between the cooling arrangement and the heating arrangement are largely or completely designed as common tubes or spaces for loading with heating medium or coolant. This makes it possible to create a space-saving arrangement of the cooling arrangement and heating arrangement that enables safe operation, simple implementation and a very effective cleaning of gases.

Furthermore, it has alternatively or additionally proven to design the device for cleaning gases in such a way that the vacuum separator has a solvent feed, by means of which a solvent for the separated substances can be fed to the housing in such a way that the solvent supplied the cooling arrangement meets and is suitable for at least partially dissolving substances deposited thereon in addition to heating and the associated at least partial liquefaction or softening. The at least partially dissolved substances from the housing of the vacuum separator can subsequently be particularly easily removed via the removal opening, in particular sucked off, in particular in connection with the liquefaction or softening process. As a result, this device can be made functional again particularly quickly for the cleaning process, i.e. the separation of the disruptive substances from the gas to be cleaned. Preferably, the solvent is introduced into the interior of the vacuum separator via the solvent supply in the manner of an aerosol, so that the solvent with its many droplets is distributed over the substances deposited on the cooling arrangement and a particularly effective dissolution process, especially in Connection with the effect of the heating arrangement allows. This is preferably done by means of a nozzle-shaped solvent feed which, in particular, opens into the gas inlet and / or into the feed for the heating gas.

Water, steam, at least one organic solvent or a combination of several components are preferably chosen as the solvent. This choice enables a very efficient and reliable softening or liquefaction of the separated, in particular frozen, disruptive substances.

It has proven particularly useful to design the mechanical cleaning device, in particular its scraper, as part of the heating arrangement and thus to control the temperature in such a way that the separated substances with the assistance of the mechanical Cleaning device are heated and thereby the separated substances removed particularly well especially abge stripped or scraped off.

In addition, it has proven useful to additionally apply solvent to the mechanical cleaning device and thereby further facilitate the detachment, in particular the stripping or scraping of the deposited substances.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous to provide the mechanical cleaning device with at least one scraper, which is aligned obliquely to a vertical of the vacuum separator and cleans the surface of the cooling assembly with the substances deposited thereon from these and scrapes them . The inclined alignment makes it possible, on the one hand, to make the scraping off of the separated substances very successful and, on the other hand, to let the separated, scraped-off substances either fall down into the lower area of the interior of the vacuum separator or, if they stick to the scraper, that To facilitate detachment of the deposited substances, especially if the heating arrangement continues to influence.

It has proven particularly useful to develop the device for cleaning gases in such a way that at least one additional filter is provided which is arranged downstream in the gas flow and which is suitable for filtering out substances that have not been separated out in the gas to be cleaned. This makes it possible to further improve the cleaning result, especially if the additional filter is aimed at filtering out other interfering substances than the vacuum separator can remove from the gas to be cleaned by means of separation and removal. This succeeds in particular in that a special micro or Finest filter is used, which can be designed for example as a needle felt filter or as a mechanical metal filter with a preferred mesh size in the range of 2 to 10 μm.

According to a preferred development of the device for cleaning gases, a plurality of vacuum separators are provided, with at least one switching valve connected upstream and downstream. With the changeover valves, it is possible for the gas to be cleaned to be supplied via a central vacuum or degassing line, selectively diverted to a vacuum separator via the upstream switchover valve, cleaned by this vacuum separator and then to a centralized switchover valve via the downstream switchover valve Derivation for the cleaned gas and thus in particular leads to a vacuum arrangement. The vacuum arrangement regularly generates a negative pressure which sucks the gas to be cleaned from one of the upstream vacuum zone of a plasticizing unit through at least one vacuum separator and thus moves it through the device for cleaning the gas.

In particular, at least one further additional filter is assigned to the vacuum separators below, so that an alternative operation of individual vacuum separators and / or additional filters is made possible. Preferably, units are formed from a vacuum separator and a downstream additional filter and these are implemented several times in parallel with one another, where in this arrangement in particular a switch valve is upstream and one downstream. Alternatively, this Umschaltven valve can also be replaced by several individual valves, in particular locking valves.

This makes it possible that while part of the entire device is in a phase of cleaning and separating interfering substances from the gas to be cleaned, another part of the overall device is in a waiting phase, i.e. the removal of the deposited substances or readiness, and thus not in a phase of cleaning and separating interfering substances from the gas to be cleaned. With the help of the switching valves, the function of the various parts of the overall device can be selected selectively. This enables a continuous cleaning process of the supplied gas to be cleaned in a simple manner and enables particularly efficient cleaning of the supplied gas to be cleaned and thus efficient operation of the plastic cleaning process.

It has also proven particularly useful to provide the device for cleaning gases with a controller that has several sensors for detecting operating parameters of the device, in particular the temperature, pressure, time, volume or mass, as well is provided with several actuators for controlling the device, in particular for controlling the gas flow, the heating arrangement, the cooling arrangement, the vacuum arrangement and / or the cleaning arrangement. In addition to several decentralized control units, it has proven particularly useful to provide a single central controller with which the various states of the device can be controlled and influence the process, in particular the commissioning or decommissioning of the entire device or individual parts of the device who can be taken. This enables efficient operation of the device and effective implementation of the method for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts, in particular for continuous processing into stretched polymer films. The invention is explained using a preferred exemplary embodiment from with reference to the figures in play. The invention is not limited to this preferred embodiment be.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation

R + I diagram of an exemplary device for cleaning gases and

Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the

Structure of a preferred vacuum separator.

In Fig. 1, an R + I diagram of an exemplary device 1 for cleaning gases is shown schematically.

The device 1 for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts shows a schematically illustrated vacuum zone 2, which is assigned to a plasticizing unit, by means of which a plastic granulate is softened so that it can be fed to further processing as part of a production process, in particular a plastic stretching process. During the heating process, substances are created which are released from the plastic granulate into the surrounding gaseous atmosphere and which are disruptive to the further plastic processing process. The gaseous atmosphere thus shows a gas which is mixed with interfering substances.

The vacuum zone 2 is connected to the device 1 by means of at least one vacuum or degassing line 3 and thus enables the gas to be cleaned to be fed from the vacuum zone 2 to the device 1 for cleaning gases. The vacuum or degassing line 3 is divided into two sub-lines 3, which open out via gas inlets 42 in two vacuum separators 40. These also show gas outlets 43 through which the gas exits from vacuum separators 40 and is fed to downstream additional filters 8, in which the gas is cleaned again after a first cleaning in vacuum separators 40, which form a first cleaning stage is necessary. The additional filters 8 form a cleaning stage.

The gas to be cleaned is passed through the device 1 by means of a vacuum arrangement (not shown) from the vacuum zone 2 via the vacuum and degassing line 3, via the first cleaning stage, which is formed by the vacuum separator 40, via the second cleaning stage, which is caused by the addition filter 8 is formed, sucked.

In the area of the gas inlets 42 each valve 9 is arranged, which is connected upstream of the vacuum separators 40 following in the gas flow and which can block or release the gas flow of the gas to be cleaned in the subsequent vacuum separator 40. The two valves 9 enable the function of a switchover valve 9. The two valves 9 thus enable the two vacuum separators 40 to be acted upon in an alternative manner.

The two additional filters 8 are each followed by a valve 9 in the gas flow, which is thus also connected downstream of the vacuum separators 40 upstream in the gas flow and which can block or release the gas flow of the purified gas from the upstream additional filter 8. The two valves 9 enable the function of a switchover valve 9. The two valves 9 thus enable the purified gas to be diverted alternatively from the additional filters 8 arranged in parallel. The gas flow after the two valves 9 arranged downstream of the additional filters 8 is brought together via a common, central discharge line 11 of the purified gas and conveyed in the direction of the vacuum arrangement.

The vacuum separators 40 are designed in such a way that each has a cooling arrangement 50 by means of which disruptive, condensable, freeze-out and / or resublimable substances can be separated from the gas that is supplied and is to be cleaned.

The disruptive substances are preferably separated from the gas to be cleaned in such a way that the disruptive substances freeze out to ice in the form of a layer of ice on the cooling arrangement 50. For this purpose, the cooling arrangement 50 is cooled in particular to a temperature in the range of minus 18 ° C. or below.

In addition, each vacuum separator 40 is provided with a heating arrangement 60 which is suitable for at least partially liquefying or softening substances separated by means of the cooling arrangement 50. The at least partially softened or liquefied substances can then be particularly easily removed from the vacuum separator 40 via a removal opening 44.

The liquefaction of the disruptive substances that have frozen out from the gas to be cleaned is preferably carried out in such a way that the disruptive substances that have frozen out to form a layer of ice are liquefied by means of the heating arrangement 60. For this purpose, the Heizan regulation 60 is acted upon by a heating medium, which is heated to a temperature in the range of 160 ° C in particular.

By providing for the heating of the separated substances, which in particular contain hydrocarbons of different chain lengths and structures, in the vacuum separator 40 By means of the heating arrangement 60 it is possible to enable an efficient separation process in the vacuum separator 40. The heating, which regularly leads to an at least partial liquefaction or softening of the deposited substances, advantageously makes it possible to remove the deposited substances from the cooling arrangement 50 easily and efficiently, which is done regularly by draining or dripping from the cooling arrangement 50. As a result, the cooling effect of the cooling arrangement 50 is improved and thus an effi cient cooling of the gas to be cleaned and thus a particularly effective separation of the interfering substances in the gas to be cleaned causes.

A removal opening 44 is provided in the lower region of the housing 41 of the vacuum separator 40, by means of which the separated and at least partially liquefied or softened substances can be removed.

By liquefying or softening the deposited substances can easily be removed from the cooling arrangement 50, which is caused by mechanical, chemical or physical support, in particular by the action of the weight of the substances and leads to the substances in the Collect the area of the lowest point of the interior 45 of the vacuum separator 40, where a removal opening 44 is arranged. This enables the at least partially liquefied or softened substances that were originally deposited on the cooling arrangement 50 and were liquefied or softened by heating by means of the heating arrangement 60 and thereby separated from the cooling arrangement 50 to be sucked off. Precisely the provision of a suction opening as a removal opening 44, which is of significantly smaller diameter than a übli che removal opening of a vacuum separator in the prior art, which is the introduction of tools and, if necessary, the intervention of the operator of the device to sweep and remove the swept solid Should make substances possible, it turns out to be an advantage. An inside diameter of a few cm is sufficient, in particular in the region of 5 cm.

Each vacuum separator 40 has a cooling arrangement 50 which is connected to a common cooling unit 53. The coolant is fed from the cooling unit 53 via Kühlmittellei lines to the cooling arrangements 50 and is supplied to the vacuum separator 40 with the cooling arrangement 50 via the coolant supply 54. A valve 10 is connected upstream of the coolant supply 54 and can block or release the coolant flow into the subsequent vacuum separator 40. In a corresponding manner, the coolant is diverted from the vacuum separator 40 via a discharge line 55 for coolant and returned to the cooling unit 53 via a valve 10 in a coolant line. The coolant flow from the upstream vacuum separator 40 to the cooling unit 53 can be blocked or released by the valve 10. The two valves 10 enable the function of a switching valve 10 for the coolant.

Each vacuum separator 40 also has a Heizanord voltage 60, which is connected to a common heating unit 63. The heating medium is fed from the heating unit 63 via heating medium lines to the heating arrangements 60 and is supplied to the vacuum separator 40 with the heating arrangement 60 via the feed 64 for heating medium. The feeder 64 for A valve 10 is connected upstream of the heating means and can block or release the heating medium flow into the subsequent vacuum separator 40. In a corresponding manner, the Heizmit tel is derived after leaving the heating arrangement 60 via a discharge line 65 for heating medium from the vacuum separator 40 and returned to the Heizag gregat 63 via a valve 10 in a heating medium line. The flow of heating medium from the upstream vacuum separator 40 to the heating unit 63 can be blocked or released by the valve 10. The two valves 10 enable the function of a Umschaltven valve 10 for the heating means.

The valves 10 are designed and arranged so that alternatively either heating medium or coolant can be fed to the cooling arrangements 50 or heating arrangements 60 arranged in the vacuum separators 40, which are designed as common arrangements 50, 60.

The device 1 for cleaning gases is provided with a central control system, which is equipped with several sensors 12 for detecting operating parameters of the device 1, in particular the temperature, pressure, time, volume or mass, and with several actuators 9 , 10,53,63 for controlling the device 1, in particular for controlling the gas flow, the heating arrangement 60, the cooling arrangement 50, the vacuum arrangement and / or the cleaning arrangement 70 is provided.

In Fig. 1, various sensors are shown symbolically as a circle with an inscription. For example, a pressure sensor 12 is shown in the area of the vacuum zone 2, with which the pressure of the gas to be cleaned upstream of the vacuum and Entgasungslei device 3 is measured. Another pressure sensor 12 is in the located near the gas outlet 43 and thus in the gas flow after the vacuum separator 40 and can thus measure the pressure of the gas cleaned by the vacuum separator 40 as the first cleaning stage. This also makes it possible, in conjunction with the information from the pressure sensor 12 arranged in the area of the vacuum zone 2, to determine the pressure drop between the sensors 12 and to deduce from this the degree of deposition of the interfering substances in the vacuum separator 40 through which it flows depending on this, to stop the cooling process in this vacuum separator 40, to start the heating process with the mechanical stripping of the separated substances on the cooling arrangement 50 and to enable the removal via the removal opening 44 or with the help of the switching valves 9 on the parallel Branch with the corresponding to switch the vacuum separator 40. Another pressure sensor 12 is arranged in the area of the additional filter 8 and thus in the gas flow downstream of the vacuum separator 40 such that it can measure the pressure at the outlet of the additional filter 8. It is thus also possible, in conjunction with the information from the pressure sensor 12 arranged in the area of gas outlet 43, to determine the pressure drop between these sensors 12 and, from this, to deduce the extent to which the interfering substances are separated in the additional filter 8 through which the air flows, and if necessary with the aid of this the switching valves 9 to the paral lelen branch with the corresponding vacuum separator 40 with additional filter 8 to switch. This makes it possible to clean the additional filter 8 with the extensively separated substances without the need to interrupt the process for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts.

With the help of the single central controller, various states of the device 1 can be controlled and influence on the sequence in particular the commissioning or the shutdown of the entire device 1 or also individual parts of the device 1 can be taken. This enables efficient operation of the device 1 for cleaning gases and an effective implementation of the method for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts, in particular for continuous further processing into stretched polymer films.

2 shows a schematic representation of a preferred vacuum separator 40. The two parts of the vacuum separator 40 shown are a housing 41 of the vacuum separator 40 and an insert 49 in the housing 41 of the vacuum separator 40.

The housing 41 has a gas outlet 43 in the upper area and a gas inlet 42 (not shown) in the lower area, via which the gas to be cleaned is fed to the vacuum separator 40 and is discharged from it. The gas inlet 42 and the gas outlet 43 have a large diameter, so that the gas to be cleaned has only a low flow resistance.

The wall 48 of the housing 41 is double-walled and forms an intermediate space 52,62 which can be used both for cooling and for heating by means of supplied and removed cooling medium or heating medium. The space 52,62 extends largely over the entire circumference of the cylindrical housing 41 and over almost the entire height of the wall 48 of the housing 41. Via a feed 54, 64 for coolant or heating medium in the lower part of the housing 41 in the wall 48 the coolant is fed to the intermediate space 52,62 and via the discharge line 55,65 for coolant or heating medium derived in the upper region of the housing 41 in the wall 48.

The housing 41 of the vacuum separator 40 is held by a stand 47 in an upright, in particular vertical, orientation.

The insert 49 in the housing 41 of the vacuum separator 40 shows a cover 46 from which a plurality of cooling tubes 51 protrude downward. These cooling tubes 51 are designed as double-walled cooling tubes 51 so that the inner tube ends in the outer tube in front of the lower end of the outer tube and the lower end of the outer tube is designed so closed that a connecting space between the interior of the inner tube and the space between the inside - and outer tube is formed. As a result, a coolant supplied to the inner tube can be guided downwards via the inner tube, deflected in the connecting space and guided upwards again via the space between the inner and outer tubes. It is also possible to guide the coolant through the double-walled cooling tubes 51 in the opposite direction.

The cooling tubes 51 are arranged parallel to one another. The cover 46 is connected to a feed 54 for coolant and enables the coolant to be fed to the inner tubes of the double-walled cooling tubes 51 via channels arranged in the interior of the cover 46.

The double-walled cooling pipes 51 and the supply 54 for coolant and the discharge line 55 for coolant are part of the cooling arrangement 50 and can alternatively be used as part of the heating arrangement 60 and thus form double-walled heating pipes 61 and the supply 64 for heating medium and the discharge line 65 for heating medium . In doing so, they represent common double-walled pipes 51,61 and common inlets 54,64 as well as common outlets 55,65.

The cover 46 is connected to a discharge line 55 for coolant and enables the coolant to be discharged from the spaces between the inner and outer tubes of the double-walled cooling tubes 51 via channels arranged inside the cover 46.

The double-walled tubes 51, 61, with the space 52, 62 belong to the cooling arrangement 50 or to the heating arrangement 60 and thus enable a very efficient cooling or heating effect in the vacuum separator 40.

Furthermore, the insert 49 shows nine scrapers 71 which are part of the mechanical cleaning device 70 and which can be moved along the double-walled cooling tubes by means of a drive rod 73 which extends downward through the cover 46 parallel to the double-walled cooling tubes 51. The drive rod 73 is driven by means of a drive 72 of the mechanical cleaning device 70 above the cover 46 and is thereby displaceably moved. The drive 72 is designed as an electric drive.

The scrapers 71 are essentially in the shape of a semi-oval plate and are fixedly connected to the drive rod 73. The scrapers 71 are oriented in such a way that they are oriented obliquely to the drive rod 73 or to the double-walled tubes 51, 61, so that they are arranged in a V-shape offset from one another over the length of the drive rod 73.

The scrapers 71 have at least as many recesses as there are double-walled tubes 51, 61, and are designed in this way. forms and arranged so that its edge is suitable to strip away adhesions on the surface of the double-walled tubes 51,61. In addition, the outer contour of the scraper 71 is designed so that it is suitable to strip the inner wall of the wall 48 of the housing 41 of the vacuum separator 40 accordingly to the surface of the double-walled tubes 51,61 when the insert 49 is inserted into the housing 41 and is firmly connected to it. The double-walled tubes 51, 61 and the cleaning device 70 with the scrapers 71 and the drive rod 73 protrude into the interior 45 of the housing 41. The double-walled tubes 51, 61 in the interior space 45 extend almost to the lower end and thus to the bottom of the housing 41. The removal opening 44 designed as a suction opening is arranged in the bottom.

The gas inlet 42 in the wall 48 is arranged below the gas outlet 43 in the housing 41, whereby an upward gas flow of the gas to be cleaned is created in the interior 45 of the housing 41 and slides along the cooling arrangement 50. The gas inlet 42 is so angeord net that the gas to be cleaned flowing into the interior 45 of the housing 41 in the area of the lower end of the double-walled cooling tubes 51 hits the cooling arrangement 50 in a targeted manner and then in the direction of the gas outlet 43 along the cooling tubes 51 and the space 52 for coolant is guided upwards. This design makes it possible to achieve efficient cooling of the gas to be purified with the aid of the cooling arrangement 50.

Silicone oil or a brine solution based on water has proven to be particularly effective as a heating or cooling medium, as these on the one hand low coolant temperatures in the range of minus 20 ° C and on the other hand high heating medium temperatures in the range from 100 ° C to 160 ° C enable. List of reference symbols

Device for cleaning gases vacuum zone

Vacuum or degassing line

Vacuum separator

Housing of the vacuum separator

Gas inlet

Gas leak

Removal opening

Interior of the case

lid

Stand for vacuum separator

Wall of the housing

mission

Cooling arrangement

Cooling pipe

Space for cooling cooling unit

Inlet for coolant, outlet for coolant, heating arrangement, heating pipe

Space for heating heating unit

Feed for heating medium. Discharge for heating medium Mechanical cleaning device Scraper Drive of the mechanical cleaning device Drive rod Additional filter Changeover valve for gas to be cleaned Changeover valve for heating or coolant Central discharge of the cleaned gas Sensors

Claims

Expectations

1. A method for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts, in particular for continuous further processing into stretched polymer films, with the following features of a vacuum zone (2) of a plasticizing unit is the to be cleaned via at least one vacuum or degassing line (3) Gas is supplied to a vacuum separator (40) with a gas inlet (42) and a gas outlet (43), in which condensable, freeze-out and / or resub- limable substances are removed from the supplied gas to be cleaned by means of a cooling arrangement (50) are separated and the separated substances are removed from the vacuum separator (40), characterized in that the separation of the substances from the gas to be cleaned in the vacuum separator (40) by means of freezing by cooling the substances to be separated using the cooling arrangement (50) takes place that by means of a heating arrangement (60) the substances separated by means of the cooling arrangement (50) are at least partially condensed Liquid or softened and removed from the vacuum separator (40), and that by means of a mechanical cleaning device (70), in particular with at least one scraper (71), the substances deposited on the cooling arrangement (50) are at least partially scraped off on the surface .

2. A method for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts according to claim 1, wherein the separation of the substances from the gas to be cleaned in the vacuum separator (40) by means of freezing by cooling to a temperature below the triple point of the substances to be separated, in particular in Range of minus 18 ° C or below.

3. A method for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the freezing of the substances from the gas to be cleaned in the vacuum separator (40) at a negative pressure of less than 100 mbar or less than 10 mbar it follows .

4. A method for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the substances separated by means of the cooling arrangement (50) to a temperature in the range of the liquefaction or softening temperature to at least part of the deposited substances he warms be, the heating being carried out in particular to a temperature in the range of 100 ° C or above.

5. Device (1) for cleaning gases from the degassing of polymer melts, the gas to be cleaned being supplied to the device (1) from a vacuum zone (2) of a plasticizing unit by means of at least one vacuum or degassing line (3) , with a vacuum separator (40), which has a housing (41) which has a gas inlet (42) for the gas to be cleaned and a gas outlet (43) which has a cooling arrangement (50) by means of which condensable, freeze-out and / or resublimable substances are discharged the gas supplied and to be cleaned can be separated, and from which the separated substances can be removed from the housing (41) of the vacuum separator (40), characterized in that the cooling arrangement (50) is designed for separating the substances from the gas to be cleaned in the vacuum separator (40) by means of freezing out the substances to be separated, the vacuum separator (40) is provided with a heating arrangement (60) which is suitable with means of the cooling arrangement (50 ) to at least partially liquefy or soften deposited substances that they also have a mechanical cleaning device (70), in particular with at least one scraper (71) for at least partial surface scraping of the coolant Has rdnung (50) and that a removal opening (44) in the lower area of the housing (41) of the vacuum separator (40) is provided, by means of which the separated and at least partially liquefied or softened substances can be removed.

6. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to claim 5, wherein the cooling arrangement (50) is designed to cool the gas to be cleaned so that it is frozen out by cooling to a temperature below the triple point of the substances to be deposited, especially at a temperature in the range of minus 18 ° C or below.

7. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to one of claims 5 to 6, wherein the freezing takes place at egg nem negative pressure of less than 100 mbar, in particular less than 10 mbar.

8. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the heating arrangement (60) is designed to at least temperature the substances deposited by means of the Kühlanord voltage (50) to a temperature in the range of the liquefaction or softening temperature to heat a part of the deposited substances, the heating being carried out in particular to a temperature in the range of 100 ° C or above.

9. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the heating arrangement (60) at least one in the interior (45) of the housing (41) of the vacuum separator (40) extending heating tube, which in particular as double-walled heating tube (61) is designed, for receiving a heating medium, wherein in particular several heating tubes and / or in- inner and outer pipes of one or more doppelwan diger heating pipes (61) are meandering ver connected to each other.

10. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to claim 9, wherein the housing (41) of the vacuum separator (40) has a cover (46) which has a feed (64) and / or discharge line (65) for Heizmit tel to several, in particular, parallel heating pipes and / or heating pipes (61) designed as double pipes.

11. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the heating arrangement (60) is arranged at least partially in the wall (48) of the housing (41) and at least one in the wall (48) of the housing (41) running heating pipe and / or at least one or more meandering interconnected heating pipes and / or one or more planar spaces (62) extending over the wall of the housing for receiving a heating medium.

12. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to one of claims 5 to 11, wherein the cooling arrangement (50) and the heating arrangement (60) of the vacuum separator (40) at least one common pipe (51,61) and / or shows at least one intermediate space (52, 62) for receiving a heating and cooling medium, in particular the at least one common pipe (51, 61) and / or intermediate space (52, 62) having at least one switching valve (10) is connected upstream and downstream, so that a selective application of the common pipes (51,61) and / or spaces (52,62) with Heizmit tel or coolant is possible.

13. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to one of claims 5 to 12, wherein the vacuum separator (40) has a solvent telzuführ, by means of which a solvent tel for the separated substances to the housing (41) can be fed in such a way that supplied solvent meets the cooling arrangement (50) and is suitable for at least partially dissolving substances deposited thereon, so that the at least partially dissolved substances can be removed from the housing (41) of the vacuum separator (40) via the removal opening (44).

14. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to one of claims 5 to 13, wherein the mechanical cleaning device (70) in particular the at least one scraper (71) is designed as part of the heating arrangement (60).

15. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to one of claims 5 to 14, wherein the mechanical Rei nigungseinrichtung (70) is provided with at least one Scha ber (71) which is oblique to a Vertika len of the vacuum separator (40) is aligned and is suitable by processes to clean the surface of the cooling arrangement with the substances deposited thereon from these and to scrape them off.

16. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to one of claims 5 to 15, further comprising at least one additional filter (8) which is subsequently arranged in the gas flow and which is suitable for filtering out non-separated substances in the gas to be cleaned.

17. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to one of claims 5 to 16, wherein a plurality of vacuum separators (40) are provided, which at least one switching valve (9) is connected upstream and downstream and which in particular further additional filters (8) are assigned according to the following, so that an alternative operation of individual vacuum separators (40) and / or additional filters (8) is possible.

18. Device (1) for cleaning gases according to one of claims 5 to 17, with a controller, the parameters of the device with several sensors for detecting Betriebsspa, in particular the tempera ture, the pressure, the time, the volume or the mass , as well as with several actuators for Steue tion of the device, in particular for controlling the gas flow, the heating arrangement, the cooling arrangement, the vacuum arrangement and / or the cleaning arrangement, is connected.