EP4162206A1 - Unité de combustion pour la combustion de biomasse et procédé de combustion d'une biomasse - Google Patents

Unité de combustion pour la combustion de biomasse et procédé de combustion d'une biomasse

Info

Publication number
EP4162206A1
EP4162206A1 EP21737187.1A EP21737187A EP4162206A1 EP 4162206 A1 EP4162206 A1 EP 4162206A1 EP 21737187 A EP21737187 A EP 21737187A EP 4162206 A1 EP4162206 A1 EP 4162206A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
unit
biomass
tank
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21737187.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Simone Paterno
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Costruzioni Meccaniche Paterno Srl
Original Assignee
Costruzioni Meccaniche Paterno Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Costruzioni Meccaniche Paterno Srl filed Critical Costruzioni Meccaniche Paterno Srl
Publication of EP4162206A1 publication Critical patent/EP4162206A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/023—Supply of primary air for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F23B60/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F24B1/022—Closed stoves easily collapsible or easily removable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/182—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with additional provisions for cooking

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a combustion unit that is used to optimize the pyro-gasification process of a biomass.
  • the present invention also concerns the possible applications of the combustion unit.
  • the latter can be used in apparatuses for heating domestic or public spaces, for cooking food, for preparing hot drinks, or suchlike.
  • the combustion unit can be used as part of stoves, fireplaces, heaters, boilers or suchlike, which use a biomass as fuel.
  • the present invention also concerns a method to obtain a better and more efficient combustion of a biomass.
  • pyro-gasification consists in the thermal transformation of a biomass.
  • pyro- gasification generally refers to the thermochemical conversion of a solid/liquid fuel into a syngas, by using a gasifying agent such as air, steam or oxygen.
  • the reaction is identified in a sub-stoichiometric or poor combustion of the oxidizing agent, more precisely it is the controlled thermal decomposition of an organic material producing a combustible gas and an inert residue.
  • Pyro-gasification generally comprises a drying step in which the internal moisture of the biomass is extracted in the form of water vapor; a pyrolysis step in which the biomass dried with the contribution of heat decomposes in the absence of air, releasing vapors; a gasification step that consists of two fundamental reactions, such as oxidation and reduction.
  • pyrolysis is a chemical process that consists in the decomposition of a biomass by heat treatment, in the absence of oxygen, which, as a result, leads to the production of a solid carbonaceous fraction, called biochar, and a volatile fraction.
  • biochar solid carbonaceous fraction
  • the latter in turn, is divided into a liquid component, called pyrolysis tar or oil, and a gaseous component, called pyrolysis gas or syngas (synthesis gas).
  • Gasification is the chemical process, following pyrolytic combustion, which takes place at higher temperatures and which consists in the transformation of the products of pyrolysis, by means of the reaction with a gasifying agent, such as, for example, oxygen or air.
  • a gasifying agent such as, for example, oxygen or air.
  • the gasification process leads, as a result, to a mixture of combustible gases (such as H 2 , CO, C0 2 , CH 4 ) that feed the last step of combustion, leading to the transformation of biochar into ashes, which are not thermally degradable.
  • combustible gases such as H 2 , CO, C0 2 , CH 4
  • Biomass combustion units are known, applied to apparatuses which exploit pyrolytic combustion and gasification processes.
  • one disadvantage of these known combustion units is the fact that parameters such as the flow rate and the speed of the primary comburent air are fixed and invariable for that specific type of apparatus, or at the most can be modified by means of a manual intervention, not continuously.
  • Another disadvantage is that known combustion units are designed to obtain an optimal yield of the apparatus in which they are used exclusively in a determinate environmental/climatic condition and with a determinate quantity of biomass having precise characteristics.
  • the known combustion units as above do not allow to regulate the optimal quantity of comburent air during the entire combustion process of the biomass, and as external factors such as ventilation, humidity, temperature and biomass quality vary.
  • One disadvantage is that, if it is not used as a fertilizer, the biochar must be disposed of specifically in a waste disposal center.
  • Document EP3236151A1 describes a biomass stove comprising a heat generator, a system to feed a primary air flow to the heat generator in order to produce a flame and generate heat, a ventilation system to provide a secondary air flow of forced air inside the biomass, a temperature sensor and a control unit to control the speed of an impeller and therefore the secondary air flow as a function of the biomass temperature.
  • WO 2018/146544A1 concerns an industrial type device for industrial disposal plants of biomasses deriving from animal waste to produce energy, comprising a combustion chamber and an injection chamber which are separated from each other, and in the combustion chamber there is a first descending flow of the biomass and a second ascending flow of the fumes generated by combustion, which are counter-current with respect to each other.
  • the device described in this document comprises temperature sensors able to read the temperatures of the different front layers of biomass that are automatically loaded into the combustion chamber so as to have continuous combustion and disposal.
  • the purpose of the temperature sensors in this solution is to read the temperatures to determine where the combustion front is, so that more biomass can be loaded.
  • W02019/140511 describes a stove using enriched air which has a combustion surface to support solid fuel for combustion and an oxygen- enriched air inlet connected to the combustion surface, wherein the latter comprises a plurality of apertures fluidically connected to a mixing chamber to mix atmospheric air with oxygen-enriched air so as to promote combustion. Therefore, this solution also requires a secondary comburent flow, and moreover an oxygen-enriched one.
  • one purpose of the present invention is to provide a combustion unit of the pyro-gasification type for a solid biomass, able to manage, in a completely automatic and continuous way, the pyrolytic combustion and gasification steps always at optimal level, irrespective of the environmental/ climatic conditions and the quantity and quality of the biomass itself and without needing to provide secondary air flows.
  • one purpose of the present invention is to provide a combustion unit able to optimize the performance, emissions and duration of the combustion cycle.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a combustion unit that can be used in a versatile way on different types of apparatuses, used in the domestic or professional environment, for heating, for cooking food, for preparing drinks, or suchlike.
  • one purpose of the present invention is to provide a combustion unit that, applied to any apparatus for domestic or professional use, improves the characteristics of reliability, safety, economy, constructive simplicity and ecological advantage of known combustion units.
  • Another purpose is to perfect a method for the combustion by pyro- gasification of a biomass that is efficient, stable, safe and reliable, completely maximizing the entire biomass to be burned.
  • the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
  • this document defines a combustion unit for the combustion by micro-gasification, in particular pyro-gasification, of a biomass, suitable to also be used in appliances for domestic use, such as apparatuses for heating spaces or cooking apparatuses.
  • the combustion unit comprises:
  • the combustion unit comprises an electronic management group, configured to automatically manage the biomass combustion process so as to optimize the different steps of the process in terms of efficiency, emissions and duration of the combustion cycle.
  • the apparatus provides a single flow of comburent air without requiring the supply of secondary flows, and the function of the electronic management group, in particular, is to control the air introduction unit in such a way as to supply a correct and calibrated quantity of comburent air, that is, of gasifying agent, mainly during the combustion step.
  • the management group comprises a plurality of detection devices configured to each detect at least one characteristic, or parameter, of a flow of air that passes through the air introduction unit, or the tank, and a control unit configured to automatically manage and regulate a flow of comburent air at exit from the air introduction unit and directed toward the tank as a function of the data received from the one or several detection devices.
  • the management group comprises at least one flow rate sensor for the comburent air, configured to detect the flow rate of the flow of air through the air introduction unit and a temperature sensor configured to detect the temperature of a flow of air at exit from the combustion unit.
  • the management group also comprises a sensor configured to detect the products and the quality of the combustion, provided in a combustion zone, in correspondence with a top of the tank.
  • the sensor for detecting the combustion products and quality can be an ionization electrode, suitable to detect the hydrocarbon components possibly present in the fumes and/or in the flame as combustion residues.
  • the ionization electrode in particular, exploits the presence of ions in the flame to detect the quantity of hydrocarbons and determine the type of flame and therefore the step of the combustion process. Thanks to the plurality of sensors that detect different parameters, it is possible to obtain a precise monitoring of the combustion process and consequently an effective regulation of the combustion process in terms of efficiency, em issions and duration of the combustion cycle.
  • the control unit can comprise an electronic board configured to be electrically connected to a power supply unit.
  • the power supply unit can be configured to supply electrical energy at extra-low voltage, and be of the rechargeable type, such as a power bank, allowing high versatility of use of the combustion unit, without the need for connections to a fixed electricity grid.
  • the air introduction unit comprises a ventilation device, in correspondence with an exit portion of the comburent air configured to interface with the electronic board of the control unit so as to automatically regulate the rotation speed of the ventilation device as above and, therefore, the air flow rate of the flow of comburent air at exit, as a function of the signals received from the detection devices.
  • control unit can perform a feedback control of the air introduction unit in order to keep the flame and temperature substantially stable and constant so as to complete each step of the operating process in an optimal manner.
  • the air introduction unit comprises a body with the shape of a Venturi type nozzle, which has a smaller section than the respective entry and exit portions, in correspondence with which there is obtained a stable accelerated flow of comburent air.
  • the flow rate sensor is positioned in the intermediate portion, thus allowing to obtain a detection of the flow rate of comburent air through it with high precision.
  • the conformation of the air introduction unit and the positioning of the flow rate sensor inside it allow to significantly improve the regulation of the flow of air and therefore the optimization of the pyro-gasification process.
  • the temperature sensor and the ionization electrode can be made in a single body so as to produce a single integrated sensor, and simultaneously detect in a same detection point both the temperature, and also the combustion products and quality.
  • Such pyro-gasification combustion unit can be used in various apparatuses, both for domestic and also collective use, such as:
  • the present invention also concerns a method for the combustion by pyro- gasification of a biomass, inside an apparatus for domestic or collective use, which comprises the following steps:
  • the method provides to detect the flow rate of the flow of comburent air and to manage and regulate the speed and the flow rate of the flow of comburent air at exit from the air introduction unit and directed toward the tank, as a function of the data detected by the one or several detection devices.
  • the method provides to manage and regulate the speed and the flow rate of the flow in relation to the temperature and the step of the process, in order to supply a correct and calibrated quantity of comburent air in each step, and in particular in the combustion step, in order to obtain, at the end of the pyro- gasification process (therefore, the sum of the yellow flame step and the blue flame step) of the initial biomass, a real residue smaller than 2%, and preferably smaller than 1% of the volume of the initial load of the biomass.
  • the combustion unit and the method according to the invention therefore allow to completely decompose the biomass loaded into the tank on each occasion.
  • the method according to the present invention has been studied and developed to obtain practically zero smoke emissions and a small final residue.
  • - figs la and lb are two perspective views that show two variants of a combustion unit for the combustion of a biomass, according to some embodiments described here;
  • - fig. 3a is a cross-section view along plane III-III of fig. lb;
  • - fig. 3b is a top view of the combustion unit shown in section in fig. 3a;
  • - fig. 4a is a cross-section view of the combustion control device installed in the combustion unit shown in figs la and lb, along plane II-II of fig. la or along plane III-III of fig. lb, respectively;
  • - fig. 4b is a top view of the combustion control device of fig. 4a;
  • biomass here and hereafter in the description we generally mean the biodegradable fraction of any organic material whatsoever used to generate energy.
  • the apparatuses described in this document are preferably fed with a fuel in an incoherent form, such as wood chips or pellets or suchlike.
  • a combustion unit 100 comprises a tank 102 suitable to contain a solid biomass, an air introduction unit 110 and a management group 101 configured to manage the biomass combustion process.
  • the tank 102 comprises a casing 102a, a lower base 102b, a top 102c and a chamber 102d for collecting the biomass.
  • the casing 102a substantially delimits the internal space of the tank 102 in which the biomass is positioned, and is preferably of the single-wall type, since no hollow space is required.
  • the tank 102 can comprise a grid 103 and a deflector 104.
  • the air introduction unit 110 is configured to be fluidically connected upstream with the tank 102, which contains the biomass, in correspondence with the lower base 102b thereof.
  • the air introduction unit 110 comprises a hollow tubular body 111 that develops around a longitudinal axis X, presenting, in general, a segmented or of revolution prismatic symmetry.
  • the casing 102a of the tank 102 is hollow and is configured to contain inside it the biomass used as fuel, developing around a longitudinal axis Y and generally having a closed section of any shape whatsoever (for example, circular, oval, square, rectangular, hexagonal, prismatic, or similar).
  • the body 111 of the air introduction unit 110 has a symmetry of revolution, while the casing 102a of the tank 102 has a cylindrical symmetry with vertical development.
  • the longitudinal axis X of the body 111 of the air introduction unit 110 coincides with the longitudinal axis Y of the casing 102a of the tank 102, so that the combustion unit 100 has, as a whole, a longitudinal development.
  • the longitudinal axis X of the body 111 of the air introduction unit 110 forms an angle different to zero with respect to the longitudinal axis Y of the casing 102a of the tank 102.
  • an air conveyor 105 is disposed between an air exit portion 110c of the air introduction unit 110 and the lower base 102b of the tank 102.
  • the air conveyor 105 is configured to direct the flow of comburent air in correspondence with the lower base 102b of the tank 102, modifying the direction of a flow of comburent air at entry F; to the air introduction unit 110 so that it becomes parallel with the longitudinal axis Y of the casing 102a of the tank 102.
  • the longitudinal axis X of the body 111 of the air introduction unit 110 is disposed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis Y of the casing 102a of the tank 102, so that the air conveyor 105 is configured to obtain a deviation of 90° of the flow of comburent air at entry F j to the air introduction unit 110.
  • a grid 103 in correspondence with the lower base 102b of the tank 102 there is attached, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis Y and inside the casing 102a of the tank 102 itself, a grid 103, by means of, for example, welding or attachment elements such as screws, bolts, pins, or suchlike.
  • the grid 103 is, first of all, configured to perform the mechanical function of supporting the biomass, during the entire combustion cycle, inside the casing 102a of the tank 102, thus defining a chamber 102d for the collection of the biomass itself.
  • the grid 103 is also configured to achieve ventilation from below, in correspondence with the lower base 102b of the tank 102, through the air introduction unit 110, of all the biomass contained in the collection chamber 102d.
  • the grid 103 can be made by means of bar-shaped elements with a main longitudinal development suitably distanced from and/or intersecting each other, or it can be made, preferably, by means of perforated sheet metal.
  • the grid 103 can be made of different materials, both metallic and also of the refractory type, or suchlike.
  • a deflector 104 perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis Y of the casing 102a, inside the tank 102 itself and below the grid 103, by means of, for example, welding or attachment elements such as screws, bolts, pins, or suchlike.
  • the deflector 104 is configured to direct, guide and stabilize in an optimal manner a flow of comburent air at exit F u from the air introduction unit 110 and directed toward the lower base 102b of the tank 102, consequently increasing the efficiency of combustion of the biomass.
  • the deflector 104 has an external profile mating in shape with the internal section of the casing 102a of the tank 102, and a suitably sized internal hole 104a to stabilize the flow of air at the base of the biomass.
  • the casing 102a of the tank 102 is cylindrical and the internal hole 104a of the deflector 104 is disposed concentric therewith, presenting a circular section.
  • the air introduction unit 110 is configured to accommodate inside it, in correspondence with the air exit portion 110c, a deposit element 106, configured to collect the solid residue produced during combustion, and having the function of thermal shielding between the tank 102 and a control unit 120 of the management group 101.
  • the management group 101 is capable of automatically managing the process of micro-gasification of a biomass, by continuously adjusting the flow rate of comburent air in correspondence with the lower base 102b of the tank 102 during the entire combustion cycle.
  • the management group 101 comprises a control unit 120 configured to regulate the functioning of the combustion unit 100 in such a way as to optimize the combustion cycle, so as to obtain a clean combustion during the various steps, the almost complete elimination of fumes and the total maximization of the fuel.
  • the management group 101 comprises one or several detection devices 140, 150a, 150b, 150c configured to detect at least one characteristic of a flow of air at entry or at exit from the combustion unit 100.
  • the detection devices can comprise at least one of either a flow rate sensor 140 of the comburent air, a temperature sensor 150a or a sensor for the combustion products 150b for controlling a combustion zone C.
  • the combustion products sensor can be in particular an ionization electrode 150b for measuring the combustion products, which can be preferably positioned in such a way as to perform a direct control inside the flame itself.
  • the ionization electrode 150b allows to obtain a second parameter, different from the temperature, allowing to have more information on the type of flame and therefore on the step of the pyro-gasification process in progress.
  • the combustion products sensor 150b can be selected from a group comprising an optical detector, an optical or photoelectric detector, a catalytic combustion sensor, an ionization electrode or other similar or comparable components.
  • the control unit 120 is configured to accommodate inside it an electronic board 120a for controlling the flow rate sensor 140, the temperature sensor 150a and the combustion products sensor 150b.
  • the flow rate sensor 140 consists of a probe, integrated or interfaced with the electronic control board 120a, configured to detect at its end the pressure differential between static and dynamic pressure of the flow of comburent air. Furthermore, the air introduction unit 110 is configured to accommodate inside it one end of the flow rate sensor 140, in correspondence with an intermediate portion 110b of the air introduction unit 110. The presence of the flow rate sensor 140 allows to carry out a feedback control of the flow rate, instead of determining it solely on the basis of the functioning of the air introduction unit 110, allowing to improve the combustion process.
  • the air introduction unit 110 comprises a nozzle-shaped body 111 that has an entry portion 110a for the comburent air, an exit portion 110c for the comburent air, opposite the entry portion 110a, between which the intermediate portion 110b is disposed.
  • the body 111 is a Venturi type nozzle with which there is achieved a stable accelerated flow of comburent air F a , in correspondence with the intermediate portion 110b, which has a smaller area than the areas of the air entry 110a and exit 110c portions.
  • the intermediate portion 110b has a substantially cylindrical shape, while the entry 110a and exit 110c portions have a truncated cone shape, with a section tapered from the outside toward the inside of the tubular body 111.
  • the flow rate sensor 140 is positioned in the intermediate portion 110b. In this way, a high-precision detection of the air flow rate is achieved.
  • the temperature sensor 150a and the ionization electrode 150b are disposed at the upper part of the top 102c of the tank 102 in which the biomass to be burned is contained, in correspondence with the combustion zone C. In this way, the sensors 150a, 150b are disposed substantially in direct contact with the flame, allowing an effective detection both of the temperature of the flame and also of possible hydrocarbons present therein. Furthermore, since they are positioned in proximity to one another, the sensors detect the respective parameters in correspondence with a same point, allowing to obtain parameters that are correlated to each other, which can be analyzed by the control unit 120 in order to optimize the pyro-gasification process.
  • the control unit 120 comprises connectors 160a, 160b configured to obtain the electrical connection between the temperature sensor 150a and the ionization electrode 150b, by means of suitable electrical cables 180a, 180b.
  • control unit 120 comprises a power supply cable 170 connected with the electronic board 120a and required to activate the latter.
  • the power supply cable 170 is configured to be electrically connected to a power supply unit 130 or directly to a common power socket of the electricity grid by means of a dedicated power supply.
  • the power supply unit 130 consists of an external rechargeable battery, of the power bank type, with which there is obtained a power supply of the electronic board 120a at extra-low voltage.
  • the combustion unit 100 is made independent from the electricity grid, since it is able to function even in the event of a blackout. Furthermore, a power bank has the advantages of being portable, universal and having small sizes, so it can be easily integrated in any apparatus whatsoever that uses the combustion unit 100 for the combustion of a biomass according to the present invention.
  • the temperature sensor 150a can be selected from a group comprising an infrared sensor, a thermocouple, a temperature sensor of the J/K type, a Pt (platinum) resistance sensor, a resistance thermometer, a thermistor or other similar or comparable components.
  • the temperature sensor 150a is a Pt resistance temperature probe, which, compared to other types of temperature sensors, has the advantages of excellent accuracy, high stability and durability, wide range of measurable temperatures and almost linear characteristic curve, while the combustion products sensor 150b is an ionization electrode which, compared to other types of fumes detection sensors, has the advantages of simplicity, sturdiness and compactness of construction.
  • the temperature sensor 150a (for example, the Pt resistance temperature probe) is made in a single body with the combustion products sensor 150b (for example, the ionization electrode), so as to create a single integrated sensor 150c for controlling the temperature and the combustion products.
  • the combustion products sensor 150b for example, the ionization electrode
  • the measurements of the temperature and of the combustion products are obtained simultaneously and constantly in the same point, that is, in correspondence with the combustion zone C.
  • the electronic board 120a of the control unit 120 is configured to automatically manage and regulate the flow of comburent air at exit F u from the air introduction unit 110, by detecting the signals supplied by the flow rate sensor 140, by the temperature sensor 150a and by the combustion products sensor 150b.
  • the regulation of the volumes of comburent air introduced into the micro-gasification process, inside the combustion unit 100 can occur by means of the continuous adaptation of the apertures in correspondence with the entry portion 110a of the air introduction unit 110, for example, by means of electromechanical actuators, commanded by the control unit 120 on the basis of the signals received from the sensors (140, 150a and 150b).
  • the air introduction unit 110 comprises a ventilation device 190 configured to generate a flow of air.
  • the ventilation device 190 can be disposed in correspondence with the exit portion 110c of the comburent air.
  • the ventilation device 190 can be, for example, an axial ventilator coupled, in correspondence with its axis, to a rotary transducer (not shown), configured to interface with the electronic board 120a of the control unit 120.
  • the regulation of the flow rate of air introduced into the combustion unit 100 is obtained by automatically regulating the rotation speed of the ventilation device 190 and, therefore, the air flow rate of the flow of comburent air at exit F u .
  • the rotary transducer can be, for example, a potentiometric rotary transducer, an incremental encoder, an absolute encoder or suchlike.
  • a combustion unit 100 for the combustion of a biomass is achieved which can be used in an efficient and versatile manner in different apparatuses, both for domestic use and also for collective use.
  • an apparatus for producing domestic hot water and/or heating buildings 200 comprising a tank 201 for storing the water to be heated, and a combustion unit 100 associated with the tank 201 for heating the water inside it.
  • a cooking apparatus 300 for frying food of the professional type comprising a tank 302 for containing a cooking liquid, and a basket 301 disposed in the containing tank 302, and a combustion unit 100 associated with the tank 302 and configured to heat the cooking liquid inside it to allow the foodstuff contained in the basket 301 to be cooked.
  • an apparatus for preparing hot beverages 400 such as, for example, coffee and tea, of the professional type, comprising a tank 401 for containing a heat transfer fluid, a heat exchanger 402 (for example, a coil) contained inside the tank 401, through which the water to be heated transits, and a combustion unit 100 configured to heat the heat transfer fluid in the tank 401 and therefore the water inside the heat exchanger 402.
  • a heat exchanger 402 for example, a coil
  • a heating apparatus 500 which can be used in a closed space, comprising a combustion unit 100 configured to heat a heat diffusion chamber 501, which diffuses the heat by radiation, preferably through a glazed surface.
  • this apparatus 500 is equipped with a flue 502 and with an exchanger with thermal storage 503, disposed above the heat diffusion chamber 501.
  • an apparatus for heating 600 external spaces comprising a combustion unit 100 configured to heat a heat diffusion chamber 601, which diffuses the heat by radiation, preferably through a glazed surface.
  • a barbecue cooking apparatus 700 comprising one or more cooking surfaces in the form of plates 701 and/or grills 702 on which the foodstuff to be cooked is disposed, and a combustion unit 110 configured to heat the cooking surfaces 701, 702.
  • an oven 800 for cooking foodstuff comprising a cooking chamber 801 in which the foodstuff to be cooked is disposed and a combustion unit 100 configured to heat the cooking chamber 801.
  • a method for the combustion by micro-gasification of a biomass inside an apparatus for domestic or collective use, which comprises the steps of:
  • the steps of pre-igniting the biomass and activating the air introduction unit 110 can also be carried out in reverse order, or simultaneously.
  • the tank 102 in fact, is substantially open and therefore a certain quantity of air, and therefore oxygen, is always and in any case present around the biomass, sufficient to cause the ignition of a flame and consequently of the biomass. This operation can be carried out manually by a user.
  • the electronic board 120a of the control unit 120 can be configured to signal to a user the different steps of the micro gasification combustion process by means of optical and/or sound signaling devices.
  • the electronic board 120a of the control unit 120 can be configured to connect to, and interface with, a wireless device (for example, a laptop, a tablet, a smartphone or suchlike), so as to provide a user with the possibility of remotely controlling and managing, by means of a graphic interface, the functioning steps of any apparatus whatsoever that uses the combustion unit 100 according to the present invention.
  • a wireless device for example, a laptop, a tablet, a smartphone or suchlike

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité de combustion (100) qui utilise le procédé de combustion par pyrogazéification d'une biomasse à l'intérieur d'un réservoir (102) qui comprend une unité d'introduction d'air (110) en communication fluidique avec le réservoir (102), et un groupe de gestion (101) qui gère et commande, de manière automatique et continue, les étapes de combustion pyrolytique et de gazéification d'une biomasse à un niveau optimal, et un procédé correspondant pour la pyrogazéification de la biomasse.
EP21737187.1A 2020-06-09 2021-06-09 Unité de combustion pour la combustion de biomasse et procédé de combustion d'une biomasse Pending EP4162206A1 (fr)

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IT202000013663 2020-06-09
PCT/IT2021/050178 WO2021250714A1 (fr) 2020-06-09 2021-06-09 Unité de combustion pour la combustion de biomasse et procédé de combustion d'une biomasse

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EP4162206A1 true EP4162206A1 (fr) 2023-04-12

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EP (1) EP4162206A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021250714A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4316182A1 (de) * 1993-05-14 1994-11-17 Haiko Kuenzel Verfahren zum Steuern und/oder Regeln einer mit einem Feststoffkessel ausgerüsteten Heizungsanlage sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
IT201700015695A1 (it) * 2017-02-13 2018-08-13 Tre P Eng S R L Combustore per il trattamento delle biomasse

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