EP4161725A1 - Procédé et dispositif de fabrication additive sous gaz protecteur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de fabrication additive sous gaz protecteur

Info

Publication number
EP4161725A1
EP4161725A1 EP21731940.9A EP21731940A EP4161725A1 EP 4161725 A1 EP4161725 A1 EP 4161725A1 EP 21731940 A EP21731940 A EP 21731940A EP 4161725 A1 EP4161725 A1 EP 4161725A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protective gas
workpiece
gas
carbon dioxide
printing process
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21731940.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Hildebrandt
Dirk Kampffmeyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Messer SE and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Messer SE and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messer SE and Co KGaA filed Critical Messer SE and Co KGaA
Publication of EP4161725A1 publication Critical patent/EP4161725A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • B23K26/125—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases of mixed gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/127—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an enclosure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
    • B23K35/383—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area mainly containing noble gases or nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/10—Inert gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/003—Welding in a furnace
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the additive manufacturing of a workpiece under protective gas, in which a workpiece is composed of a sequence of workpiece contours, each of which is produced by melting a metallic material in powder or wire form by applying an energy beam, the production the workpiece contours takes place under the action of a protective gas with a composition that varies during the manufacture of the workpiece.
  • Manufacturing processes are generally referred to here as such in which a three-dimensional workpiece is produced in layers from a material made of metal or plastic by the action of an energy beam.
  • a powdery material is applied in a thin layer to a work surface.
  • an energy beam in particular a laser beam, an electron beam or an electric arc
  • the material is melted or sintered with pinpoint accuracy according to a computer-aided template.
  • the area in which the material is melted or sintered on by the energy beam is also referred to below as the “printing process zone”.
  • the melted or sintered material forms a solid contour (also called “workpiece contour” here) when it solidifies, which is joined together with previously and / or subsequently produced contours in the same way to form a workpiece.
  • molded bodies can be built which have a partially highly complex three-dimensional structure.
  • Powder-based additive manufacturing processes that work with laser radiation as an energy source are, in particular, laser powder bed melting (L-PBF, Laser Powder Bed Fusion) or selective laser sintering (SLS).
  • Generative manufacturing processes with an electron beam as an energy beam are in particular selective electron beam melting (SEBM - Selective Electron Beam Melting) or selective electron beam sintering (SEBS).
  • Powder spraying processes are also used.
  • the powdery material is fed in by means of a carrier gas.
  • Powder spraying using a laser as an energy source is known as powder-based laser metal deposition (LMD-P, Laser Metal Deposition - Powder).
  • DED Direct Energy Deposition
  • a melting wire electrode can also be used as the material, for example in arc wire deposition welding (WAAM - Wire Are Additive Manufacturing) or wire-based laser metal deposition (LMD-W, Laser Metal Deposition - Wire).
  • LMD-P and LMD-W are usually combined to form LMD, Laser Metal Deposition / Laser Metal Application.
  • powder- or wire-based generative manufacturing processes both for metallic and plastic materials, usually take place in a vacuum or under protective gas.
  • the production often takes place in a gas-tight chamber, here as a “production chamber”, often also referred to as “installation space”, which in the latter case is flooded with protective gas before and / or during production.
  • the printing process zone is acted upon with protective gas by means of a protective gas nozzle, an atmosphere of a defined protective gas being built up in an area on the printing process zone or around it.
  • An inert gas such as argon, helium or a mixture of argon and helium, as known, for example, from EP 3628 420 A1 or DE 102007059865 A1, is often used as the protective gas.
  • the latter describes a process for additive manufacturing in which the material properties of the material are changed during the manufacturing process by heat treatment, cold treatment and / or by the composition of a protective gas consisting of helium and argon. It is also known to use active gases in addition to inert gases, which react with the material and thus can influence the chemical composition of the material.
  • US Pat. No. 5,182,170 A1 describes a process for additive manufacturing in which a powdered starting material made of a ceramic or non-ferrous metal material is sintered in layers and exposed to a reactive gas atmosphere containing nitrogen, oxygen and / or methane.
  • a powdered starting material made of a ceramic or non-ferrous metal material is sintered in layers and exposed to a reactive gas atmosphere containing nitrogen, oxygen and / or methane.
  • the different workpiece contours are to be subjected to a chemical change by nitriding, oxidizing and / or carburizing.
  • EP 3006 138 A1 describes a method for additive manufacturing by means of a laser beam using a process gas.
  • the process gas used contains a reactive gas such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen or a hydrocarbon.
  • the gas composition used for neighboring metallurgical layers is changed in such a way that the metallurgical properties of these layers are adapted to one another and the formation of metallurgical notches is prevented in this way.
  • active gases are also known, for example, from metal-active gas welding. While the active gas there, however, only the can influence the metallurgical properties of the workpiece within a certain penetration depth in the area of the weld seam, with the additive manufacturing process the shielding gas is present during the entire manufacturing process; its composition can therefore influence the metallurgical properties of the entire workpiece or of a workpiece contour as a whole.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for producing a workpiece with different zones of different metallurgical properties that can be carried out quickly and easily in terms of the outlay on equipment and the use of work and time.
  • a workpiece is built up from workpiece contours, each of which should have specific, previously defined metallurgical properties according to a predetermined program or design of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece contours are produced using additive manufacturing from a powder or wire-like material that is uniform for all workpiece contours; the metallurgical properties are therefore set exclusively by the action of the protective gas, the composition of which is determined separately for each workpiece contour according to a specified program.
  • only the carbon dioxide content of the protective gas composed of carbon dioxide and an inert gas is varied in accordance with the composition required by the program, preferably by means of an automatic control.
  • the Interaction of the protective gas with the melt leads, depending on the carbon content of the melt and the carbon dioxide content of the protective gas, to carburization or decarburization of the material.
  • the metal structure of the respective workpiece contour is changed in a targeted manner and the desired mechanical and technological quality values are set in a controlled manner.
  • the workpiece assembled from the workpiece contours thus has well-defined zones of different but precisely defined mechanical-technological quality values.
  • the workpiece contours are manufactured in a known manner by melting the material under the action of an energy beam.
  • a metallic material preferably a ferritic or martensitic steel material, is used as the material; a laser beam, an electron beam or an electric arc is preferably suitable as the energy beam for the method according to the invention.
  • the corresponding protective gas is preferably generated directly on site in the required composition.
  • inert gas and carbon dioxide are stored in separate containers and fed to a gas mixer to produce the protective gas, in which they are mixed according to a specified program in the respectively required composition.
  • the protective gas is then fed to the workpiece contour to be manufactured, possibly after flushing the printing process zone or the manufacturing chamber with the inert gas or another.
  • the proportion of carbon dioxide in the protective gas should preferably always be above 1% by volume during the entire generative manufacturing process.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the carbon dioxide content in the protective gas during the production of all workpiece contours is between 2 and 25% by volume.
  • the inert gas component of the protective gas preferably consists of argon, helium, nitrogen or a mixture of two or three of these gases.
  • the composition of the inert gas preferably remains constant during the entire generative manufacturing process, so that only one container for the carbon dioxide and one for the inert gas (or the inert gas mixture) has to be provided for the production of the protective gas.
  • the protective gas atmosphere is produced in a manner known per se either in a production chamber which is equipped with a protective gas supply line; in this case, the entire production chamber is flooded with the appropriate protective gas. Or the protective gas is discharged by means of a protective gas nozzle in the direction of the printing process zone or the workpiece contour.
  • a production chamber surrounding the printing process zone is not absolutely necessary, but it is also not excluded.
  • a manufacturing chamber is not required, particularly with the LMD or WAAM process.
  • the additive manufacturing process used in the printing process zone is preferably a laser-based manufacturing process such as an L-PBF or an LMD process, or an arc-based process such as the WAAM process.
  • the material used can be supplied in the form of a powder or in the form of a wire.
  • Contaminants in the protective gas are to be avoided.
  • high purities of the carbon dioxide and the inert gas are essential for a good manufacturing result.
  • the inert gas and the carbon dioxide in the protective gas preferably each have a purity of at least 99.99% by volume, preferably at least 99.995% by volume; in the event that a mixture of several inert gases is used, this degree of purity applies to the corresponding mixture.
  • a purity according to ISO 14175 is sufficient, i.e. a proportion of impurities of up to 2000 vpm in the carbon dioxide or 1000 vpm in the inert gas.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the composition of the protective gas in the production chamber during and / or after the production of a The workpiece contour is measured and a correction value is determined from this with respect to the required composition of the protective gas for the production of the following workpiece contour.
  • an amount of carbon dioxide or inert gas corresponding to the correction value is then added until the required composition of the atmosphere in the manufacturing chamber is reached. In this case it is usually not necessary to completely flush the manufacturing chamber with inert gas before manufacturing a workpiece contour.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a device for the additive manufacturing of workpieces under protective gas with the features of claim 9.
  • a device which in particular enables the method according to the invention to be carried out, comprises a printing process zone provided for manufacturing a workpiece contour, a device for supplying a powdery or wire-like material to the printing process zone, a device for generating an energy beam acting on the printing process zone and a device for Generation of a protective gas atmosphere in the area of the printing process zone.
  • the device for generating a protective gas atmosphere comprises a gas mixer which is flow-connected to a source for carbon dioxide and to a source for an inert gas, and a protective gas supply connected to the gas mixer for supplying the protective gas to the pressure process zone.
  • a device for heat treatment of the workpiece contours and / or the workpiece is also provided.
  • a workpiece is assembled from a sequence of workpiece contours, each of which is produced by melting a metallic material in powder or wire form by applying an energy beam.
  • the powder or wire-like starting material is the same for all workpiece contours;
  • the carbon dioxide content in the protective gas which consists of carbon dioxide and an inert gas, changes the chemical structure of the complete workpiece contour. This causes a change in the mechanical-technological quality values of the workpiece contour, which can only be controlled through heat treatment.
  • the respectively required protective gas is produced, which is then fed to the pressure process zone via the protective gas feed.
  • the protective gas feed ends in a manufacturing chamber that surrounds the pressure process zone and can be closed in a gas-tight manner.
  • the supply of the protective gas ensures the formation of a protective gas atmosphere in the entire production chamber.
  • the manufacturing chamber itself can also function as a gas mixer and protective gas feed at the same time, in that the feed lines for the inert gas and carbon dioxide, which are equipped with corresponding controllable valves, open directly into the manufacturing chamber.
  • the protective gas is fed directly to the printing process zone by means of a protective gas nozzle connected to the protective gas feed.
  • the protective gas nozzle creates a protective gas atmosphere of the required composition in a restricted area around the printing process zone or the workpiece contour.
  • a production chamber surrounding the printing process zone is not required, but it is also not excluded.
  • the heat treatment can also take place in this.
  • a heating device mounted in the manufacturing chamber and / or in the protective gas feed which is preferably an electrical heating device.
  • the heating device is preferably designed to be controllable in such a way that predetermined temperatures and heating and cooling speeds can be achieved in the atmosphere of the manufacturing chamber.
  • the heat treatment takes place in a separate heat treatment furnace, which can be a protective gas furnace or a vacuum furnace.
  • the workpiece contour to be treated is transported by means of a transport device from the printing process zone to the heat treatment furnace and, after the heat treatment, is transported back to the printing process zone to continue manufacturing the workpiece.
  • a heat treatment furnace is required if there is no manufacturing chamber.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably equipped with a control unit which is in data connection with valves mounted in the supply lines for carbon dioxide and / or inert gas, and with which the supply of carbon dioxide and / or inert gas to the gas mixer can be regulated according to a predetermined program.
  • a control unit which is in data connection with valves mounted in the supply lines for carbon dioxide and / or inert gas, and with which the supply of carbon dioxide and / or inert gas to the gas mixer can be regulated according to a predetermined program.
  • the same or a separate control unit can also be used to regulate the heating power of the heating device and thus the temperature of the protective gas in an optionally available manufacturing chamber or in a heat treatment furnace during a heat treatment.
  • the device for generating an energy beam preferably comprises a laser, an electron beam gun or a device for generating an electric arc.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the structure of a device according to the invention.
  • the device 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a gas-tight and thermally insulated manufacturing chamber 2, in which a workpiece 3 is manufactured from individual workpiece contours 4 by means of additive manufacturing, in that a material is selectively melted by the action of an energy beam.
  • a printing process zone 5 for example a production plate, on which the workpiece contours 4 are produced one after the other.
  • a feed device 7 equipped with a material feed 6 is used to feed a material (powder in the exemplary embodiment).
  • a laser beam 8 an electron beam or an arc can also be used as the energy beam.
  • a protective gas feed 11 opens into the manufacturing chamber 2 at a protective gas nozzle 10.
  • the protective gas feed 11 establishes a flow connection with a gas mixer 12, which is flow-connected via feed lines 13, 14 to a source 15 for carbon dioxide and to a source 16 for an inert gas.
  • the sources 15, 16 are each, for example, a pressure vessel or a tank.
  • Valves 17, 18 make it possible to limit the gas flow guided through the feed lines 13, 14.
  • an electrical heating device 19 is arranged in the protective gas supply 11.
  • the valves 17, 18 and the heating device 19 are in data connection with a control unit 20.
  • An exhaust line 21 enables gas to be removed from the manufacturing chamber 2.
  • the provision of a manufacturing chamber 2 for the formation of a protective gas atmosphere in the area of the printing process zone 5 is not absolutely necessary. It is also conceivable that the protective gas is only fed to the printing process zone 5 by means of the protective gas nozzle 10 in order to form a defined protective gas atmosphere in an area around the printing process zone 5.
  • the workpiece 3 is manufactured in a manner known per se by means of additive manufacturing.
  • a layer of a powdery material stored in a container, not shown here is produced by means of the feed device 7 in the printing process zone 5 and then completely or partially melted by the action of the laser beam 8.
  • the melted material forms a solid workpiece contour 4, which is joined together with workpiece contours 4 previously and / or subsequently produced in the same way to form workpiece 3.
  • the powdery material used is the same for all workpiece contours 4.
  • a protective gas consisting of carbon dioxide and an inert gas, for example argon, helium or an Ar-He mixture, is supplied.
  • the composition of the protective gas is changed separately for each workpiece contour 4 according to a previously defined program depending on certain chemical and / or metallurgical properties desired for this workpiece contour 4.
  • the ratio of the carbon dioxide supplied to the gas mixer 12 and the inert gas is regulated by means of the control unit 20 via the valves 17, 18.
  • the mixture homogenized in the gas mixer 12 is then fed to the manufacturing chamber 2.
  • the change in the chemical and / or metallurgical properties of the workpiece contour takes place only by varying the carbon dioxide content in the protective gas.
  • carbon dioxide in the protective gas carbon diffuses from the melt into the surrounding protective gas, and the hardness or tensile strength is reduced (decarburization).
  • the carbon dioxide content can be varied within a wide range in order to produce the desired metallurgical property, for example between 1% by volume and 100% by volume.
  • the workpiece contour 4 is heat treated.
  • the protective gas supplied to the production chamber is heated by means of the heating device 19 to a predetermined temperature or according to a predetermined temperature profile.
  • the temperature is controlled by means of the control unit 20, which for this purpose is in data connection with a temperature sensor 22 in the interior of the manufacturing chamber 2.
  • a heat treatment takes place after the printing process in a protective gas or vacuum furnace (not shown here) which is separate from the manufacturing chamber 2; in this case the heating device 19 is superfluous.
  • the metallurgical properties of the workpiece 3 can thus be precisely set within the workpiece volume and adapted to a given design with regard to its metallurgical properties;
  • the metallurgical properties of the workpiece contours in the interior of the workpiece 3 can be selected to be different from those on the surface.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for the additive manufacturing of tool steels and high-speed steels. Furthermore, the invention is suitable for all additive manufacturing processes, but in particular for L-PDF, WAAM or LMD processes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication additive d'une pièce sous gaz protecteur, consistant à assembler une pièce à partir d'une séquence de profilés qui sont produits respectivement par fusion ou frittage sélectif d'un matériau pulvérulent ou filiforme par application d'un faisceau d'énergie, la fabrication d'un profilé de pièce étant réalisée sous l'action d'un gaz protecteur constitué de dioxyde de carbone et d'un gaz inerte. Selon l'invention, la composition chimique de chaque profilé de pièce est modifiée en fonction d'un programme prédéfini par variation de la composition du gaz protecteur. Un traitement thermique intervenant après la production du profilé de pièce garantit des valeurs de qualité mécanique et technologique définies pour le profilé de pièce respectif. Il est ainsi possible de produire une pièce comportant des zones présentant des valeurs de qualité mécanique et technologique définies.
EP21731940.9A 2020-06-06 2021-06-02 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication additive sous gaz protecteur Pending EP4161725A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020003426.8A DE102020003426A1 (de) 2020-06-06 2020-06-06 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur additiven Fertigung unter Schutzgas
PCT/EP2021/064789 WO2021245134A1 (fr) 2020-06-06 2021-06-02 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication additive sous gaz protecteur

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EP4161725A1 true EP4161725A1 (fr) 2023-04-12

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US (1) US20230211419A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4161725A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112022024890A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3181711A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020003426A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021245134A1 (fr)

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DE102018007760A1 (de) 2018-10-02 2020-04-02 Messer Group Gmbh Verfahren zum Verbessern der Stromkontaktierung beim Schweißen mit stromgeführter Drahtelektrode
CN117548694B (zh) * 2024-01-11 2024-05-17 广东腐蚀科学与技术创新研究院 一种环境可调的高性能激光增材系统及制造方法
CN117548692B (zh) * 2024-01-11 2024-04-19 广东腐蚀科学与技术创新研究院 一种高压环境激光熔覆增材实验平台装置

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US5182170A (en) 1989-09-05 1993-01-26 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Method of producing parts by selective beam interaction of powder with gas phase reactant
DE102007059865A1 (de) 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus pulverförmigem, metallischen Werkstoff
EP2730353B1 (fr) 2012-11-12 2022-09-14 Airbus Operations GmbH Procédé et appareil de fabrication de couche d'additif
DE102013200418A1 (de) 2013-01-14 2014-07-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum generativen Herstellen eines Bauteils
EP3006138A1 (fr) 2014-10-09 2016-04-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication stratifiée d'une pièce à usiner métallique par fabrication additive assistée par laser
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EP3219414A1 (fr) 2016-03-16 2017-09-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif de fabrication generative d'un composant en trois dimensions
EP3628420A1 (fr) 2018-09-25 2020-04-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé, gaz et dispositif de fabrication additive
DE102019207111A1 (de) 2019-05-16 2020-11-19 Universität Stuttgart Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils mittels eines additiven Fertigungsverfahrens unter Verwendung eines Lasers

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US20230211419A1 (en) 2023-07-06
DE102020003426A1 (de) 2021-12-09
CA3181711A1 (fr) 2021-12-09
BR112022024890A2 (pt) 2023-02-14
WO2021245134A1 (fr) 2021-12-09

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