EP4154300A1 - Système et procédé d'analyse de composés organiques volatiles (co v) par le plasma à basse température et la spectrométrie de masse (ltp-ms) - Google Patents
Système et procédé d'analyse de composés organiques volatiles (co v) par le plasma à basse température et la spectrométrie de masse (ltp-ms)Info
- Publication number
- EP4154300A1 EP4154300A1 EP21733500.9A EP21733500A EP4154300A1 EP 4154300 A1 EP4154300 A1 EP 4154300A1 EP 21733500 A EP21733500 A EP 21733500A EP 4154300 A1 EP4154300 A1 EP 4154300A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- membrane
- vocs
- outlet
- plasma
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
- H01J49/0468—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components with means for heating or cooling the sample
- H01J49/049—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components with means for heating or cooling the sample with means for applying heat to desorb the sample; Evaporation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/082—Evaluation by breath analysis, e.g. determination of the chemical composition of exhaled breath
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/43—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems
- A61B5/4306—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems for evaluating the female reproductive systems, e.g. gynaecological evaluations
- A61B5/4312—Breast evaluation or disorder diagnosis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/105—Ion sources; Ion guns using high-frequency excitation, e.g. microwave excitation, Inductively Coupled Plasma [ICP]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/14—Ion sources; Ion guns using particle bombardment, e.g. ionisation chambers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2560/00—Chemical aspects of mass spectrometric analysis of biological material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/575—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57515—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer of the breast
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of the detection of volatile organic compounds, VOCs.
- the present disclosure relates to the field of VOC analysis systems, and more particularly VOCs adsorbed on an adsorbent membrane, as well as methods for analyzing such VOCs.
- a single species of ions is selected using a quadrupole, such as the ILO + , NO + and 0 2 + ions, which are injected in a cell in order to ionize the VOCs present for their analysis according to their mass-to-charge ratio (m / z) in a second quadrupole.
- a quadrupole such as the ILO + , NO + and 0 2 + ions
- m / z mass-to-charge ratio
- This technique makes it possible to independently select three primary ions making it possible to obtain three different mass spectra; which is interesting for the analysis of compounds having different properties.
- SIFT-MS allows real-time analysis and simultaneous quantification of multiple VOCs without prior pre-treatment. It is therefore fast, easy to handle and offers a detection limit of the order of ppb. However, it has the drawback of exclusively analyzing gaseous samples and does not allow surface analysis.
- proton transfer mass spectrometry in English: proton transfer mass spectrometry, PTR-MS.
- This technique was developed in the mid-1990s, is an evolution of SIFT and is based on the gas phase proton transfer reaction between hydronium ions (H 3 0 + ) and VOCs.
- the proton transfer reaction is carried out in a drift cell which makes it possible to limit the formation of clusters with the water molecules contained in the ambient air. The exothermicity of the proton transfer being low, little or no fragmentation is observed, making it possible to detect intact species, thus simplifying the identification of VOCs.
- the PRT-MS was equipped with a quadrupole as an analyzer but other instruments such as the ion trap (in English: ion trop) or the time of flight (in English: time offlight, TOF) have been integrated into the PTR-MS.
- the introduction of the TOF made it possible to detect VOCs with greater resolution and also greater precision in mass measurement.
- PTR-MS has a detection limit of the order of ppt and above all does not require preconcentration of the sample which can be time consuming.
- the advantage of this technique is based on the almost real-time analysis without the need to adsorb and then desorb the sample, and these adsorption and desorption can lead to losses linked to the properties of the support.
- MIMS membrane introduction mass spectrometry
- the direct coupling between the semipermeable membranes and the mass spectrometer provides a fast continuous analysis method with minimal sample preparation.
- the selectivity and the sensitivity of this technique are governed by the efficiency of ionization and the mass spectrometer but also by the selectivity of the membranes used. This technique is applicable to liquid or gaseous samples.
- LTP-MS low temperature plasma-mass spectrometry
- a plasma is generated using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) obtained by the application of a high voltage and the use of gases such as helium.
- DBD dielectric barrier discharge
- This plasma allows the ionization of VOCs directly on the surface of solid or liquid samples, but also of VOCs already present in the gas phase (ambient air and exhaled breath).
- LTP is a source of mild ionization allowing real-time analysis of VOCs from solid, liquid or gaseous samples, and possibly directly on the surface of these. This technique is also compatible with the analysis of exhaled air and ambient air.
- the present disclosure improves the situation.
- the present invention provides a system for analyzing VOCs adsorbed on an adsorbent membrane by LTP-MS, comprising:
- a low-temperature plasma ionizer adapted to emit a plasma flow in a plasma emission direction, thus ionizing the VOCs adsorbed by the membrane and forming an ionized gas loaded with VOCs;
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for analyzing VOCs adsorbed on an adsorbent membrane by LTP-MS, comprising:
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method of aid in the diagnosis, in particular of breast cancer, comprising the method described above, in which VOCs originating from the patient have been adsorbed on the adsorbent membrane, the method further comprising determining the medical status of the patient based on the results of the comparison.
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a first system where desorption and ionization are carried out in the same place or in the immediate vicinity.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic of a second system where desorption and ionization are carried out at the same location or in close proximity.
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a third system where desorption and ionization are carried out in the same place or in the immediate vicinity.
- FIG. 4 shows a diagram of a first system where desorption and ionization are carried out remotely.
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a second system where desorption and ionization are carried out remotely.
- FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a third system where desorption and ionization are carried out remotely.
- FIG. 7 shows a diagram of a barrel-shaped membrane support usable in the system of figure 6.
- FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a translational plate-shaped membrane support usable in the system of Figure 6.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic of a single electrode LTP ionizer.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic of a two-electrode LTP ionizer.
- FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating the minimum size (in angstroms) of the pores of an adsorbent membrane to allow a molecule of a given size (in dalton) to pass through.
- FIG. 12 presents four spectra obtained by the method and the system according to the invention: PI and P2 are spectra obtained from two patients with breast cancer and SI and S2 are spectra obtained from two healthy people in the left breast.
- FIG. 13 presents two spectra obtained from a single patient using the method and the system according to the invention: B1 is the corresponding spectrum for the right breast and B2 for the left breast.
- Such a system which can be on-board, comprises a receptacle 1 for receiving the adsorbent membrane M, a low-temperature plasma ionizer 2 (LTP ionizer) and suitable for emitting a flow of plasma P in an emission direction of plasma ionizing the VOCs adsorbed by the M membrane and a spectrometer of mass (MS) 3 configured to analyze the gas mixture comprising ionized VOCs such as cyclohexanol CeHn-OH, dodecan-2-one CH 3- CO- (CH 2 ) 9- CH 3 , nonan-2-one CH 3- CO- (CH 2 ) 6- CH 3 and 4-methylheptan-2-one CH 3- CO-CH 2- CH (CH 3 ) - (CH 2 ) 2- CH 3 .
- LTP ionizer low-temperature plasma ionizer 2
- MS spectrometer of mass
- the system can also comprise an ion mobility cell (not shown in the figures) for an LTP-IMS (ion mobility spectrometry) -MS analysis.
- This ion mobility cell can be provided separately from the MS between the latter and the LTP ionizer or be an integral part of the MS.
- ionized species such as ionized gas or ionized VOCs.
- ionized gas or ionized VOCs ionized species
- this does not necessarily mean that all of the molecules of the ionized species have been ionized by the plasma, but that at least some of the gas or VOCs have been ionized.
- the system may further comprise a power supply 4 for supplying the LTP ionizer 2, in particular at a voltage between 1 and 30 kV (preferably 7 to 18 kV) and / or at a frequency between 0 , 8 and 30 kHz (preferably 2 to 10 kHz).
- the combination of the preferred ranges is particularly suitable for one of the many applications envisaged, which is the detection of breast cancer.
- the power can be continuous or alternating. In the latter case, the following combinations are of particular interest: (4 kV; 24 kHz) to (6 kV; 20 kHz); (5.5 kV; 25 kHz) to (7 kV; 21 kHz); (6.5 kV, 25 kHz) to (10 kV; 23.5 kHz).
- the ionizer can be configured to produce plasma continuously or by pulsation.
- the LTP 2 ionizer can be of two types: a first type with a single electrode ( Figure 9) and a second type with two electrodes ( Figure 10). In the figures showing the system, only the two-electrode LTP 2 ionizer is shown, but this can be replaced by a single-electrode LTP 2 ionizer.
- the LTP ionizer 2 typically comprises a T-connector 24 with two coaxial arms 241, 242 and a transverse arm 243, a dielectric barrier 22 connected to one of the two coaxial arms, an electrode extending through the T-connector 24 by the two coaxial arms 241, 242 and the dielectric barrier 22 to a position near and upstream of the plasma outlet 28.
- Electrode 26 can be connected to power supply 4 in operation.
- Electrode 26 can be copper.
- the electrode 26 is a metal wire, for example 1.5 mm in diameter.
- the inert gas of the LTP for which the transverse arm 243 of the T-connector 24 serves as the injection inlet, can be dinitrogen, water vapor or a rare gas.
- this rare gas can be argon, helium or neon. A mixture of these mentioned gases is also possible.
- the LTP 2 ionizer can be configured for inert gas injection at a flow rate between 50 and 1000 mL / min.
- the LTP 2 ionizer with a single electrode typically further comprises three glass tubes 21, 22, 23 connected end to end: ie the second tube 22 is connected by one of its ends to the first tube 21 and through the other of its ends to the third tube 23. It also comprises a flexible tube 25.
- the two coaxial arms 241, 242 of the T-connector 24 connect the first tube 21 to the second tube 22.
- the flexible tube 25 connects between them the second tube 22 and the third tube 23.
- the electrode 26 extends inside the first and second tubes 21, 22, in particular from the end of the first tube 21 not connected to the second tube 22, until 'at the end of the second tube 22 connected to the third tube 23 without going beyond the second tube 22.
- the second tube 22 forms the dielectric discharge barrier and the third tube 23 forms a capillary extension.
- the LTP 2 ionizer with two electrodes typically further comprises a glass tube 22 forming the dielectric barrier and extending through the T-connector 24 from the first coaxial arm 241 thereof. and to the plasma outlet 28 formed by one end of the glass tube 22.
- the first electrode 26 extends through the glass tube 22 to the position downstream of the plasma outlet 28.
- the ionizer LTP 2 comprises a second electrode 29 arranged around the second tube 22 so as to also surround the first electrode 26 and not to exceed the end thereof.
- the second electrode 29 has an annular shape.
- the second electrode 29 is preferably made of copper and connected to ground to serve as a reference electrode.
- LTP 2 ionizers having the same structure as the single electrode ionizer described above but with two electrodes, the second electrode serving as a reference; as well as LTP 2 ionizers having the same structure as the two-electrode ionizer described above but with a single electrode, the mass of the power supply serving as a reference.
- FIG. 1 to 3 show variants in which the ionization is carried out at the location or at least near the desorption of the VOCs and Figures 4 to 5 illustrate variants in which the ionization is carried out at a distance from the desorption of VOCs.
- Figures 1 to 3 show systems in which the receptacle 1 is arranged under the plasma flow P so that the plasma flow P is directed towards the membrane M when the latter is received in the receptacle 1.
- receptacle 1 and LTP ionizer 2 are arranged so that the plasma plume P touches or is flush with the upper surface of the membrane M when the latter is positioned on the receptacle 1.
- a heating 4 (preferably homogeneous) can also be provided in the system for heating the M membrane and thus aid in the desorption of VOCs.
- this heater 4 is placed below the receptacle 1 which transmits the heat generated by the heater 4 to the membrane M.
- the heater 4 is configured to allow heating between 0 and 500 ° C (preferably between 0 and 400 ° C). , in particular between 200 and 300 ° C or even between 225 and 275 ° C; for example 50 ° C, 100 ° C, 150 ° C, 200 ° C, 250 ° C, 300 ° C, 350 ° C, 400 ° C, 450 ° C) and help in the desorption of VOCs.
- Figure 1 shows a system in which the receptacle 1 is arranged just below the LTP ionizer 2 and near the inlet 31 of the MS 3.
- the receptacle 1 is arranged so as to that the plasma feather P formed is directed towards the adsorbent membrane M.
- the receptacle 1 can be arranged so that a front edge M1 of the adsorbent membrane M when the latter is received by the receptacle, is located between 0 and 20 mm from inlet 31 of the MS.
- the receptacle 1 and the LTP ionizer 2 can be arranged so that the outlet 28 of the plasma feather and the surface of the adsorbent membrane M when the latter is in place, are spaced from 0 to 20 mm.
- the LTP ionizer 2 can also be arranged to rotate so that G angle formed by the plasma plume P and the surface of the adsorbent membrane when the latter is in place, is between 0 and 90 °, preferably between 35 and 75 ° thus making it possible to force the gas in the direction of the MS.
- the axis of rotation being horizontal is perpendicular to the axis of the inlet 31 of the MS; the angle a being acute when the LTP ionizer 2 is moved away from the MS 3.
- the plasma plume P generated by the LTP ionizer 2 has two functions: that of desorbing the VOCs and that of ionizing them.
- Figure 2 shows a system similar to that of Figure 1.
- the difference lies in the receptacle 1 comprising an inlet 11 for carrier gas on a lower surface thereof.
- a carrier gas can be injected under the lower surface of the adsorbent membrane M.
- the carrier gas can in particular be an inert gas, for example dinitrogen, helium, argon or a mixture thereof.
- the cross section of the carrier gas inlet 11 has substantially the same dimension as the membrane M.
- a grid is provided at the carrier gas inlet.
- the gas source is preferably suitable for emitting a carrier gas flow rate of between 0.5 and 7 L / min.
- the gas source can be the same as that of the MS; above 7 L / min, there is a risk of disturbing the plasma.
- This carrier gas inlet can be extended by an injection tube connected to a carrier gas source. Preferably, heating is provided around the injection tube.
- Figure 3 shows a system in which the receptacle 1 is a reclosable container so as to form a confined environment with the exception of an inlet and a gas outlet as well as an inlet of plasma.
- the container 1 is therefore closed and can be made airtight.
- the receptacle comprises a carrier gas inlet 11 for the arrival of a carrier gas inside the receptacle 1, a plasma inlet 13, and a gas outlet 12 for the outlet of an ionized gas charged with VOCs comprising the carrier gas and potentially ionized VOCs.
- the carrier gas can in particular be an inert gas, for example dinitrogen, helium, argon or a mixture of these.
- the container 1 may have a cylindrical geometry with a lower support surface and an upper surface parallel to each other and a side surface connecting the lower and upper surfaces.
- the gas inlet 11 may be an injection tube connected at its free end to a source of inert gas.
- the axis of the injection tube and the upper surface of the container can form an angle b of between 30 and 75 ° or even between 35 and 75 ° allowing the gas to be forced towards the gas outlet 12.
- the inner diameter of the injection tube can be between 2 and 10 mm.
- the gas source is preferably suitable for emitting an inert gas flow rate of between 0.5 and 7 L / min.
- the gas source can be the same as that of the MS; above 7 L / min, there is a risk of disturbing the plasma
- the plasma inlet 13 may be an orifice made on the upper surface of the container 1. Alternatively, the plasma inlet 13 may be a short tube extending from the upper surface of the container 1. In the In two cases, the plasma inlet 13 can be connected to the plasma outlet port of the LTP ionizer. This connection can be direct with the plasma outlet of the LTP ionizer in contact with the plasma inlet 13, or via a connector (not shown). This connection can be hermetic or non-hermetic.
- the outlet 12 can be a guide tube for guiding the ionized gas to the inlet 31 of the MS. It is preferably carried out on a lateral surface of the container 1.
- the axis of the guide tube is preferably horizontal and connects the outlet of the container 1 and the inlet 31 of the MS.
- the inside diameter of the guide tube can be between 2 and 12 mm.
- the free end of the guide tube can be arranged at a distance between 0 and 100 mm from the inlet of the MS.
- the container 1 and the LTP ionizer 3 can be arranged so that the outlet of the plasma plume P and the surface of the adsorbent membrane when the latter is received there, are spaced from 0 to 50 mm .
- the LTP ionizer can also be arranged to rotate so that the angle formed by the plasma feather and the surface of the adsorbent membrane when the latter is in place is between 30 and 90 °, preferably between 35 and 75 ° thus making it possible to force the gas in the direction of the MS.
- the axis of rotation being horizontal is perpendicular to the axis of the inlet of the MS; the angle being acute when the LTP ionizer is moved away from the MS.
- the Plasma feather generated by the LTP ionizer has two functions: that of desorbing VOCs and that of ionizing them.
- Heating can also be provided for heating the container, in particular between 0 and 500 ° C. and thus assist in the desorption of VOCs.
- the heating temperature is between 0 and 400 ° C, in particular between 200 and 300 ° C or even between 225 and 275 ° C; for example 50 ° C, 100 ° C, 150 ° C, 200 ° C, 250 ° C, 300 ° C, 350 ° C, 400 ° C, 450 ° C) and to aid in the desorption of VOCs.
- Figures 4 to 6 show systems in which the receptacle 1 is a reclosable container so as to form a confined environment except for an inlet and an outlet, and comprises an inlet 11 for carrier gas and a gas outlet 12 loaded with VOCs.
- the container 1 can be an Erlenmeyer flask ( Figures 4 and 5) provided with a stopper 14, in particular made of cork, with two through bores made in the stopper 14.
- the bores allow the introduction of two tubes: a first tube 11 forming a carrier gas inlet, the end of which inserted into the container is located near the bottom of the container; and a second VOC-laden gas outlet tube 12 whose end inserted into the container is at a higher altitude than the end of the carrier gas inlet tube.
- Each of the first and second tubes can have an internal diameter of between 2 and 10 mm.
- the carrier gas inlet 11 can be connected to a source of carrier gas.
- the carrier gas is especially an inert gas, for example dinitrogen, helium, argon or a mixture thereof.
- the gas source can be configured to deliver a flow rate between 0.5 and 7 L / min.
- the gas source can be the same as that of the MS; above 7 L / min, there is a risk of disturbing the plasma
- the heater 4 can be placed under the receptacle.
- Figure 4 shows a system which further comprises a guide tube 15.
- the outlet 12 of gas loaded with VOC is extended by the guide tube 15 whose free end is close to the flow. of plasma P, and in particular from the end of the plasma feather, when the latter is emitted so that the plasma ionizes the gas charged at the outlet of the guide tube 15 and before its entry into the MS 3.
- L The axis of the guide tube 15 preferably forms an angle g of between 10 and 65 ° with the vertical.
- the distance between the free end of the guide tube 15 and the inlet 31 of the MS can be between 2 and 50 mm.
- the guide tube 15 may have an internal diameter of between 2 and 10 mm.
- the guide tube 15 and the second tube forming an outlet 12 for gas loaded with VOCs can be made in a single piece.
- the LTP 2 ionizer can also be arranged in rotation so that the angle formed by the plasma plume P and the horizontal, is between 0 and 90 °, preferably between 35 and 75 ° thus allowing force the gas in the direction of the MS.
- the axis of rotation being horizontal is perpendicular to the axis of the inlet 31 of the MS; the angle being acute when the ionizer LTP 2 is moved away from the MS 3.
- the ionizer LTP 2 and the MS 3 can be arranged so that the axis of the plasma pen P is coaxial with the inlet 31 of the MS when the angle is equal to 0. In this position with a zero angle, the distance between the end of the plasma feather and the inlet of the MS can be between 1 and 70 mm.
- Figure 5 shows a system further comprising a two-arm connector 17.
- a first arm is connected to the outlet 12 of the container 1, for example by means of a flexible 16.
- a second arm has a directed end. towards entrance 31 of the MS.
- the tax of the second arm is preferably coaxial with input 31 of the MS.
- An orifice disposed between the first and second arm serves to receive the plasma feather. This orifice can be replaced by a third arm; the connector was then a three-arm connector.
- the three-arm connector 17 can be a T-connector with the first arm and the second arm coaxial in the same first direction and the third arm transverse to the coaxial arms and extending in a second direction different from the first direction.
- the internal diameter of the first and second arm can be between 2 and 10 mm.
- the length between the free ends of the first and second arms can be between 2 and 20 cm.
- the distance between the entrance of the MS and the free end of the arm facing it can be between 0 and 70 mm.
- the length of the hose can be between 2 and 200 cm.
- the third arm can be connected to the plasma outlet port of the LTP ionizer.
- This connection can be direct with the plasma outlet port of the LTP ionizer in contact with the third arm or the edge of the orifice which replaces it, or via a connector (not shown).
- This connection can be hermetic or non-hermetic.
- Figure 6 shows a system which further comprises an injection tube 18 of carrier gas and a guide tube 15.
- the injection tube 18 of carrier gas extending along an injection axis of gas and one of the ends of which, the outlet end, opens into the closed container 1 for the inlet 11 thereof.
- the closed container is configured to maintain the adsorbent membrane M in a position where its surface is perpendicular to the gas injection axis, thus allowing the carrier gas to be charged with VOC as it passes through the membrane; for example by comprising a membrane support.
- the guide tube 15 serves for conveying the gas laden with VOCs from the outlet 12 of the closed container to the LTP ionizer 2 and the MS 3.
- the length of the vector gas injection tube 18 can be between 5 and 100 cm.
- the internal diameter of the carrier gas injection tube can be between 2 and 10 mm.
- a source of carrier gas may be provided and connected to the free end of the gas injection tube for the injection of inert gas.
- the inert gas can be nitrogen, water vapor, or a rare gas. In the case where the inert gas is a rare gas, this rare gas can be argon or helium. A mixture of these mentioned gases is also possible.
- the gas source can be configured to allow a carrier gas flow rate between 0.05 and 7 L / min.
- the gas source can be the same as that of the MS; above 7 L / min, there is a risk of disturbing the plasma
- the vector gas injection tube 18 may be provided with a valve 181 and / or the inlet 11 of the closed container with a valve 111.
- the valve 181 makes it possible to avoid too much pressure at the interior of the carrier gas injection tube 18; which could damage the adsorbent membrane.
- the valve 111 makes it possible to control the gas flow, in particular a finer control than that of the source of inert gas.
- the axis of the guide tube 15 is preferably coaxial with the axis of the inlet 31 of the MS.
- the length of the guide tube can be between 1 and 10 cm.
- the inside diameter of the guide tube can be between 1 and 10 mm.
- the guide tube 15 can be a three-arm connector with two arms forming the guide tube itself (the first arm being at the outlet of the container 1 and the second arm emerging in the vicinity of or connected to the inlet 31 of the MS ) and a third arm for the plasma feather generated by the LTP 2 ionizer in order to carry out ionization in a confined environment.
- the three-arm connector may be a T-connector with the first and second coaxial arms forming the actual guide tube and the third arm transverse to the first and second arms
- the three-arm connector may be a T-connector with the first and second arms. second coaxial arm and the third transverse arm with respect to the first and second arm.
- the third arm can be connected to the plasma outlet of the LTP ionizer.
- This connection can be direct with the plasma outlet of the LTP ionizer in contact with the third arm or via a connector (not shown).
- This connection can be hermetic or non-hermetic.
- the third arm can be replaced by a single orifice.
- the heater 4 can be provided around the injection tube 18 for heating the carrier gas, for example using an electric heating tape wound around the carrier gas injection tube.
- the electric heating tape can for example be clamped on the carrier gas injection tube or glued to it.
- the closed container 1 may further include a sampling inlet 191 for the inlet of a sample gas and the loading of the adsorbent membrane M with VOCs and a sampling outlet 192 for the outlet of the sample gas.
- the inlet 191 and the outlet 192 for sampling can be positioned on either side of the membrane holder, in the direction of the flow of carrier gas.
- Two versions can be planned:
- the sample inlet 191 is downstream and the sample outlet 192 upstream with respect to the direction of the flow of carrier gas (membrane not passing VOCs);
- the sample inlet 191 is upstream and the sample outlet 192 is downstream with respect to the direction of the flow of carrier gas (VOC pass-through membrane).
- two ports can be provided on either side of the membrane support and acting as both inlet and outlet for the sample gas depending on whether the gas flow of sample is in the same direction as the flow of carrier gas, or in the opposite direction.
- the membrane support 9 can serve as a membrane store.
- the membrane support 9 can be adapted to be inserted by sliding into a housing for receiving the latter.
- it can be configured to be set in motion, for example rotary and / or translational, and include a plurality of housings 91 of membranes.
- the membrane support 9 can be mounted so as to place a single housing 91, housing under analysis, between the inlet 11 and the outlet 12 of the closed container 1.
- the membrane support 9 can be mounted so as to place a single housing 91, housing under load, between the sampling input 191 and the sampling output 192.
- the housings 91 are preferably through orifices, the side wall of which is a straight cylinder, preferably with a circular base.
- the membrane support 9 can include 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or even more. These housings 91 are preferably regularly distributed over the membrane support 9.
- the membrane support 9 can be a rotary barrel (FIG. 7) with a plurality of housings 91 of membranes distributed angularly around the axis of rotation of the barrel which is preferably collinear with the flow of carrier gas which arrive in the container 1.
- These housings 91 are preferably regularly distributed angularly and their center are placed on the same circle, the center of which is the axis of rotation of the barrel.
- the barrel is for example a cylinder with a circular base having the housings and being wider than it is high.
- the mean plane of the barrel passing through the middle of the height of the latter is perpendicular to the flow of carrier gas which arrives in the container 1 so that its axis of rotation is preferably perpendicular to its mean plane.
- the membrane support 9 can be a translational plate (FIG. 8) with a plurality of housings 91 of membranes.
- the mean plane (passing through the thickness) of the translational plate is perpendicular to the flow of vector gas which arrives in the container 1.
- the translational plate is mounted in translation allowing translation in its mean plane along a single axis or two perpendicular axes .
- the housings are preferably regularly distributed over the translational plate.
- the example illustrated in FIG. 8 is particularly suitable for a translational movement on two perpendicular axes.
- a translational plate with housings 91 of membranes aligned on a line is particularly suitable for translational movement along a single axis.
- the membrane support 9 is made of a material resistant to high temperatures, up to 300 ° C in particular, for example stainless steel.
- the material is preferably also resistant to high pressure, in particular up to 7 bar.
- the connections between the membrane support 9 and the elements for injecting the carrier gas or for charging and discharging the sample are advantageously gas-tight.
- a housing can be provided in which the membrane support 9 is mounted (in particular in rotation or in translation).
- the gas inlet and outlet and / or the sampling inlet and outlet are made in this box.
- the system can include an electronic control configured to control the movement of the membrane support 9.
- the control can also control the loading of a gaseous sample of a membrane and / or control the injection of the carrier gas.
- the LTP ionizer 1 can also be arranged in rotation so that the angle formed by the plasma feather and the axis of the guide tube, is between 30 and 90 °, preferably between 35 and 75 ° allowing thus forcing the gas in the direction of the MS.
- the horizontal axis of rotation is perpendicular to the axis of the MS inlet; the angle being acute when the LTP ionizer is moved away from the MS.
- the source of the carrier gases can be that of the MS.
- the system can be used in particular with adsorbent membranes in passing mode or not. That is, during desorption, VOCs pass through the adsorbent membrane or not.
- the pore size in order to allow a molecule of 400 Da, for example, to desorb to pass through the membrane, the pore size must be at least 4.86 A. Thus, the size of the pores of the adsorbent membranes determines whether those -ci can be used in passing mode or not.
- the membranes can be of the carbon-based type, in particular molecular sieves or graphitized carbon black.
- the membranes can also be of the porous polymer type, in particular a polymer based on divinylbenzene or phenylphenylene oxide or polydimethylsiloxane.
- the table below summarizes the characteristics of some types of membranes:
- This method comprises providing an adsorbent membrane onto which VOCs have been adsorbed, desorption of the VOCs adsorbed on the adsorbent membrane, low temperature plasma ionization of the desorbed VOCs thereby forming an ionized gas, and ionized gas mass spectrometry analysis.
- LTP ionization typically involves injecting an inert gas into a dielectric discharge barrier into which the inert gas is charged.
- the inert gas can be nitrogen, water vapor, or a rare gas.
- this rare gas can be argon, helium or neon. A mixture of these mentioned gases is also possible.
- the injection can be performed at a rate of between 50 and 1000 mL / min.
- the discharge can be carried out at a voltage between 1 and 30 kV and / or at a frequency between 0.8 and 30 kHz.
- the discharge can be continuous or by pulsation.
- the method may further comprise a step of heating the adsorbent membrane, in particular at a temperature of between 0 and 400 ° C.
- the method can further comprise adsorbing VOCs on the adsorbent membrane.
- the adsorption can include the preconcentration of VOCs on the adsorbent membrane. Preconcentration can be achieved by static headspace sampling (SHS), dynamic headspace sampling (DHS), or solid phase microextraction ( in English: solid phase microextraction, SPME).
- SHS static headspace sampling
- DHS dynamic headspace sampling
- SPME solid phase microextraction
- the preconcentration When the preconcentration is carried out by static sampling in the headspace, it can be carried out by aspiration (in English: aspiration dynamic headspace sampling, DHSa) or by gas sweep (in English: sweep gaz dynamic headspace sampling, DHSs ).
- aspiration in English: aspiration dynamic headspace sampling, DHSa
- gas sweep in English: sweep gaz dynamic headspace sampling, DHSs .
- the adsorption can be achieved by contacting the adsorbent membrane before a source of potential VOC; for example by the deposition of the adsorbent membrane directly on the skin of a patient, or the direction of the breath of a patient towards the adsorbent membrane, etc.
- the analysis can comprise the comparison of the spectra (s) obtained with a database of molecular fingerprints.
- Each of these molecular fingerprints is a global VOC spectrum corresponding to given situations (classes), eg healthy person, cancer, type and subtype of cancer, stage of cancer, etc.
- the molecular fingerprints of the database with their class are used to build classification models with multivariate statistical analysis tools, for example algorithms of the support vector machine type (in English: Support Vector Machine, SVM) or latent Dirichlet allocation (in English: Latent Dirichlet Allocation , LDA), or even by neural networks such as the convolutional neural network (in English: Convolutional Neural Network, CNN).
- the spectra (s) obtained are not compared with spectra of isolated VOCs, but it is the general appearance of the spectra (s) obtained which is compared with the shape of the molecular fingerprints in the database. Examples of such comparisons are given below.
- the spectra obtained can be compared to spectra of isolated VOCs.
- a first mode (corresponding to the systems of Figures 1 to 3), the ionization is carried out in the immediate vicinity of the desorption, in particular by the formation of a flow of plasma directed towards the adsorbent membrane.
- a second mode (corresponding to the systems of Figures 4 to 6), the ionization is carried out at a distance from the desorption.
- ionization can be achieved by forming a flow of plasma directed towards the adsorbent membrane.
- the plasma flow can be perpendicular to the top surface of the adsorbent membrane or tilted so that the tip of the plasma pen is oriented towards the MS inlet by moving the rotating LPD for example.
- the tip of the plasma feather may just be flush with the top surface of the adsorbent membrane or touch it.
- the ionization can be carried out at a distance of between 0 and 20 mm from the inlet of the MS. Ionization can be performed with an angle of the plasma feather relative to the surface of the adsorbent membrane between 0 and 90 °; G angle being acute when the plasma feather has its tip directed towards the MS.
- desorption and ionization are carried out concomitantly by LTP.
- the method further comprises an injection of carrier gas perpendicular to the lower surface of the adsorbent membrane.
- the carrier gas can in particular be an inert gas, for example dinitrogen, helium, argon or a mixture of these.
- the flow rate of the carrier gas can be between 0.5 and 7 L / min.
- the carrier gas is injected over the entire lower surface of the adsorbent membrane. Heating of the adsorbent membrane can be accomplished by heating the carrier gas before it reaches the undersurface of the adsorbent membrane.
- the desorption and the ionization are carried out in a confined environment with the exception of an inlet and a gas outlet as well as a plasma inlet.
- the adsorbent membrane is placed inside the confined medium.
- the method then also comprises the injection of a carrier gas inside the confined medium.
- the angle of injection of the carrier gas relative to the surface of the adsorbent membrane may be 30 to 75 °.
- the injection of the carrier gas can be carried out at a flow rate of 0.5 to 7 L / min.
- the carrier gas can in particular be an inert gas, for example dinitrogen, helium, argon or a mixture of these.
- the carrier gas is possibly charged with VOCs if VOCs are adsorbed on the adsorbent membrane, and the gas charged with VOC is evacuated towards the gas outlet towards the MS.
- the method may include conducting the carrier gas to the inlet of the MS so that the direction of flow of the charged gas is coaxial with the inlet of the MS.
- the formation of the plasma feather can be carried out so that the axis of the plasma feather and the surface of the adsorbent membrane when the latter is in place, is between 30 and 90 °.
- the desorption is carried out in a confined environment with the exception of a gas inlet and outlet.
- the adsorbent membrane is placed in the confined environment.
- the process then includes injecting a carrier gas into the confined environment. This carrier gas carries away any desorbed VOCs present on the adsorbent membrane, thus forming a gas loaded with VOCs which leaves the confined medium through the outlet.
- the carrier gas being in particular an inert gas, for example dinitrogen or a rare gas such as helium and argon, or a mixture of these.
- the injection of the carrier gas can be carried out at a flow rate of between 0.5 and 7 L / min.
- the heating can be achieved by heating the receptacle.
- the gas loaded with VOC is guided to proximity to the plasma flow, and in particular to the end of the plasma plume, when this is emitted so that the plasma ionizes the charged gas and just before it enters the MS, for example between 2 and 50 mm before the MS enters.
- the guiding of the VOC-laden gas is carried out at an angle with respect to the vertical of between 10 and 65 °.
- the ionization can be carried out so that the plasma feather forms an angle of between 0 and 90 ° with the horizontal.
- the angle being acute when the plasma feather is pointed towards the MS. It is therefore possible to orient the plasma feather so that it is coaxial with the input of the MS. In this position with a zero angle, the distance between the end of the plasma pen and the entrance of the MS can be between 1 and 70 mm.
- the gas loaded with VOCs is guided to the proximity of the plasma flow and G ionization is carried out in a confined environment before leaving the confined place towards the entrance to the MS.
- the injection of the carrier gas is carried out perpendicular to the surface of the adsorbent membrane and the guiding of the VOC-laden gas is carried out coaxially with the injection of the gas. vector.
- the carrier gas is an inert gas, for example dinitrogen, water vapor or a rare gas. In the case where the inert gas is a rare gas, this rare gas can be argon or helium. A mixture of these mentioned gases is also possible.
- the injection of the carrier gas is carried out with a carrier gas flow rate of between 0.5 and 7 L / min.
- the ionization of the VOC-laden gas is carried out either in the open air or in a confined environment.
- the heating is carried out by means of the heating of the carrier gas during its injection.
- the method can comprise loading the adsorbent membrane with a gaseous sample when the latter is already in the closed container and before the injection of carrier gas, which makes it possible to avoid excessive handling of the membrane. the membrane thus limiting contamination and loss of VOCs.
- Charging can be done at room temperature or hot. The charging temperature may in particular be lower than the heating temperature. This is in particular advantageous for the adsorbent membranes used in non-passing mode, although they can also be used for the passing mode. Alternatively, the membrane may already be loaded with VOC when placed in the closed container. There is then no need to load a gaseous sample.
- the method further comprises changing the adsorbent membrane before loading the new adsorbent membrane again with a gaseous sample and repeating the other steps of the method.
- a plurality of membranes already loaded with VOC is placed in the closed container. In both cases, only one membrane at a time is presented in the carrier gas stream.
- the heating of the membrane can be carried out by the introduction of hot carrier gas, in particular between 23 and 100 ° C, for example around 30 ° C.
- hot carrier gas in particular between 23 and 100 ° C, for example around 30 ° C.
- the methods described above can form part of a diagnostic aid method.
- the VOCs originate from a patient and have been adsorbed to the adsorbent membrane, for example by physical contact with the patient or by gas transfer (exhalation) for gas samples.
- the bodily fluids eg sweat, saliva, urine
- the bodily fluid is first collected in a container, such as a tube. It is then transferred to the adsorbent membrane, in particular by one of the preconcentration techniques described above (SHS or DHS). Solid samples can be transferred to an adsorbent membrane by solid phase microextraction.
- Such a diagnostic aid method further comprises steps of the VOC analysis method, determining the medical status of the patient based on the results of the comparison. This determination is not a diagnosis that only the doctor is authorized to make, but gives an indication to help the doctor in his decisions.
- This diagnostic aid method can be advantageously used, for example, for cancer and in particular cancer and in particular breast cancer.
- the medical status of the patient provided by the method may include information relating to at least one of the stage, grade and type of cancer from which the patient is affected.
- T For each of these criteria T, N or M, an annotation is made either by letter ("x" when the criterion cannot be evaluated, for example the information obtained is insufficient) or by numbers (from 1 to 4 for T; from 1 to 3 for N; and 0 if there is no distant metastasis or 1 if there is).
- cTNM classification c for clinical
- pTNM classification p for post-surgical
- the patient's medical status includes information on the stage of the cancer
- this information includes an annotation on at least one of the criteria T, N and M, preferably on the three criteria.
- This information indicates statistically at which stage corresponds the molecular spectrum obtained.
- all these cancers do not have the same aggressiveness. Only the pathological examination can determine it. For this, conventionally, the practitioner observes meticulously, first with the naked eye and then under a microscope, tissues taken from the patient. This examination makes it possible to define the grade of the tumor, that is to say its aggressiveness.
- three criteria are evaluated on a scale from 1 to 3: i) architecture, 1 indicating that the tumor contains many well-formed structures, 3 that the tumor contains few or no well-formed structures; ii) the nucleus, 1 indicating that the tumor nuclei are small and uniform, 3 that the nuclei are large and vary in size and shape; and iii) mitotic activity, 1 indicating that tumor cells are dividing slowly (low number of mitoses), and 3 that cells are dividing rapidly (high number of mitoses).
- the scores given to each of these criteria are then added together and an overall score is obtained. This overall score is classified from I to III which corresponds to the histopronostic grade of Elston-Ellis. If the sum of the scores is 3, 4 or 5, the grade is I (least aggressive tumors); if the sum of the scores is 8 or 9, the grade is III (the most aggressive tumors); if the sum is 6 or 7, the grade is II.
- this information includes an indication on the grade I, II or III of the cancer; in addition or alternatively, the overall score ranging from 3 to 9. This information then indicates statistically to which grade the molecular spectrum obtained corresponds.
- the optimal treatment of breast cancer depends in particular on the type and subtype of cancer from which the patient is affected.
- the type refers to the affected area of the breast while the subtype refers to the mutation that caused the tumor.
- the types of breast cancer are: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (ICC), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), invasive lobular carcinoma (CLI), and inflammatory breast cancer.
- the subtypes of breast cancer are: hormone receptor positive (RH +, concerning estrogen receptors (ER +) and progesterone receptors (PR-i-)), HER2-positive (HER2 +), triple negative (ER-, PR- and HER2-), and BRCA. It is possible to have a combination of these subtypes.
- this information includes an indication on the type (for example for breast cancer: DCIS, CCI, CLIS, CLI or inflammatory) and / or on the subtype (eg for breast cancer: RH +/-, alternately ER +/- and / or PR +/-; HER2 +/-; triple negative, BRCA).
- This information indicates statistically to which type and / or sub-type the molecular spectrum obtained corresponds.
- FIG. 12 shows examples of spectra obtained and providing the molecular signature of the samples.
- the spectra obtained for four samples from four people are shown in this figure, including two patients with breast cancer and two healthy people.
- the samples are obtained by affixing an adsorbent membrane directly to the chest of these people.
- PI is a patient suffering from breast cancer in metastatic stage with damage to the healthy right and bones, her profile is RH + and HER2-.
- P2 is a patient with early stage breast cancer with involvement of the left breast and underlying lymph nodes, her profile is RH + and HER2-.
- SI and S2 are healthy people, ie not suffering from breast cancer. The SI and S2 spectra can be used as a control.
- the abscissa represents the mass to charge ratio (m / z) of the fragments detected.
- the four spectra are aligned with each other on this axis.
- the figures shown indicate the m / z ratio at the top and the peak height at the bottom.
- the spectra of patients present a different appearance from those of healthy people.
- the two spectra of the patients include the following peaks (m / z): 83.04; 101.04; 237.09; 345.15.
- the spectrum of patient PI also shows a peak at 119.05, and that of patient P2 a peak at 309.13. These peaks are not present on the spectra of healthy people.
- FIG. 13 shows two spectra obtained from two adsorbent membranes placed on the skin of the same patient.
- B1 corresponds to the right breast and B2 corresponds to the left breast.
- the right breast is the breast with a tumor while the left breast does not have a tumor.
- the affected organ in addition to allowing the detection of a sick person, it is also possible to know the affected organ.
- Example 1 of the system for analyzing VOCs adsorbed on a membrane adsorbent by LTP-MS comprises:
- a receptacle for receiving the adsorbent membrane; a low-temperature plasma ionizer adapted to emit a plasma flow in a plasma emission direction thus ionizing the VOCs adsorbed by the membrane and forming an ionized gas loaded with VOCs; and
- Example 2 system comprises the elements of Example 1 and further a heater for heating the adsorbent membrane.
- System Example 3 includes the elements of Example 1 or Example 2. Further, in Example 3, the receptacle is disposed outside of the plasma stream.
- System Example 4 includes the elements of Example 3. Further, in Example 4:
- the receptacle is a reclosable container so as to form a confined environment with the exception of an inlet and an outlet;
- the container includes a carrier gas inlet for the arrival of a carrier gas inside the container and a gas outlet for the outlet of a gas potentially loaded with VOCs.
- System Example 5 includes the elements of Example 4. Additionally, Example 5 includes:
- a carrier gas injection tube extending along a gas injection axis and one of the ends of which, the outlet end, opens into the closed container, the closed container being configured to hold the adsorbent membrane so that its surface is perpendicular to the gas injection axis, thus allowing the carrier gas to be charged with VOC as it passes through the membrane;
- Example 6 system includes the elements of Example 5. Further, Example 6 includes the heater which is disposed around the injection tube for heating the carrier gas.
- Example 7 of the system comprises the elements of Example 5 or of Example 6.
- the closed container comprises a membrane support for the support of a membrane, an inlet for the membrane. sampling for the inlet of a sample gas and the loading of the membrane with VOC, a sampling outlet for the outlet of the sample gas, an inlet of carrier gas.
- Example 8 comprises the elements of example 7.
- the membrane support is a store of membranes configured to be set in rotary and / or translational movement and comprises a plurality of membrane housings. , the store of membranes being mounted so as to place a single housing, housing under analysis, opposite the outlet end of the injection tube and the inlet end of the guide tube.
- Example 9 of the system comprises the elements of example 7 or of example 8. In example 9, the membrane store is mounted so as to place a single housing, housing in charge of the sample. , between the sampling input and the sampling output.
- Example 10 system includes the elements of Example 4 and a guide tube.
- Example 10 includes the elements of Example 4 and a guide tube.
- the outlet of the container is extended by the guide tube, the free end of which is close to the plasma flow when it is emitted so that the plasma ionizes the gas charged at the outlet of the tube.
- Example 11 includes the elements of Example 4, and a three-arm connector.
- Example 11 includes the elements of Example 4, and a three-arm connector.
- a first arm is connected to the outlet of the container
- a second arm has one end directed towards the entrance of the mass spectrometer
- the ionizer is configured so that the plasma flow is directed to the third arm in operation.
- Example 12 of the system comprises the elements of Example 1 or Example 2.
- the receptacle is placed under the plasma flow so that the plasma flow is directed towards the membrane when it is received in the receptacle.
- System Example 13 includes the elements of Example 12. In Example 13:
- the receptacle is a reclosable container so as to form a confined environment with the exception of inlets and outlets;
- the container includes a carrier gas inlet for the arrival of a carrier gas inside the container, a gas outlet for the outlet of the ionized gas and a plasma inlet;
- the outlet is extended by a guide tube for guiding the ionized gas to the inlet of the mass spectrometer.
- Example 14 System comprises the elements of any one of Examples 1 to 13.
- the ionizer is a single electrode or a two electrode ionizer.
- System Example 15 includes the elements of Example 14.
- the ionizer is configured for inert gas injection at a rate of between 50 and 1000 mL / min.
- Example 16 of a system comprises the elements of any one of Examples 1 to 15, and in addition a power supply for the power supply of the ionizer, in particular at a voltage of between 1 and 30 kV and in particular at a frequency between 0.8 and 30 kHz.
- Example 17 is a method for analyzing VOCs adsorbed on an adsorbent membrane by LTP-MS, comprising:
- Example 18 of the process includes the elements of Example 17 and the heating of the membrane.
- Example 19 of the process comprises the elements of Example 17 or of Example 18.
- the ionization is carried out at a distance from the desorption.
- Example 20 of the process comprises the elements of Example 21.
- the desorption is carried out in a confined environment with the exception of a gas inlet and outlet, the membrane. adsorbent being placed in the confined environment; the method further comprising injecting a carrier gas through the gas inlet to wash away the desorbed VOCs thereby forming a VOC laden gas.
- Example 21 of the process comprises the elements of Example 20, injecting a carrier gas perpendicular to the surface of the adsorbent membrane; and guiding the VOC-laden gas through the carrier gas injection to ionization.
- Example 22 of the method comprises the elements of Example 21 and the heating of the carrier gas during its injection.
- Example 23 of the process comprises the elements of Example 20 and the guiding of the gas loaded with VOCs from the site of desorption to the site of ionization.
- the ionization is carried out in the open air.
- Example 24 of the process comprises the elements of Example 20 and the guiding of the gas laden with VOCs from the site of desorption to the site of ionization.
- the ionization is carried out in a confined environment.
- Example 25 of the process comprises the elements of Example 17 or of Example 18.
- the ionization is carried out in the immediate vicinity of the desorption, in particular by the formation of a flow. of plasma directed to the adsorbent membrane.
- Example 26 of the process comprises the elements of Example 25.
- the desorption and ionization are carried out in a confined environment with the exception of an inlet and an outlet of gas and where the adsorbent membrane is located.
- Example 26 further comprises the injection of a carrier gas through the gas inlet.
- Example 27 of the process comprises the elements of any one of Examples 17 to 26.
- the low temperature plasma generated during the ionization is obtained from an inert gas, in particular dinitrogen or a rare gas, for example argon, helium or neon.
- Example 28 of the process comprises the elements of Example 27.
- the internal gas flow rate is between 50 and 1000 mL / min.
- Method Example 29 includes the elements of any one of Examples 17 to 28.
- the ionization is supplied by a voltage source between 1 and 30 kV.
- Example 30 of the process comprises the elements of any one of Examples 17 to 29.
- the ionization is supplied by an energy source at a frequency between 0.8 and 30. kHz.
- Example 31 of the process includes the elements of any one of Examples 17 to 30 and the adsorption of VOCs to the adsorbent membrane.
- Process Example 32 includes the elements of Example 31.
- the adsorption includes the preconcentration of VOCs on the adsorbent membrane.
- Example 33 of the method comprises the elements of Example 32.
- the preconcentration is carried out by static sampling in the headspace, dynamic sampling in the headspace, or microextraction in solid phase.
- Example 34 of the method comprises the elements of example 33.
- the preconcentration is carried out by static sampling in the headspace by suction or static sampling in the headspace by scanning. gaseous.
- Method Example 35 includes the elements of any one of Examples 17-34.
- the analysis includes comparing spectra obtained with a molecular fingerprint database.
- Process Example 36 includes elements of Example 35.
- VOCs from the patient were adsorbed to the adsorbent membrane.
- Example 36 further includes determining the medical status of the patient based on the comparison.
- Example 37 of the method comprises the elements of Example 36.
- the medical status of the patient includes information relating to at least one of the stage, grade and type of cancer of which is reached the patient.
- Example 38 includes the elements of Example 37.
- the cancer is breast cancer.
- Example 39 comprises the elements of Example 38.
- the adsorption is carried out by bringing the adsorbent membrane into contact with the skin of the patient for the adsorption of the VOCs.
- Example 40 is a diagnostic aid method, comprising the elements of Example 35.
- VOCs from the patient were adsorbed to the adsorbent membrane.
- Example 40 further includes determining the medical status of the patient based on the comparison.
- Example 41 comprises the elements of Example 40.
- the patient's medical status includes information relating to at least one of the stage, grade and type of cancer with which it is affected. the patient.
- Example 42 includes the elements of Example 40 or Example 4L In Example 42, the method is a method of aid in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
- Example 43 includes the elements of Example 42.
- the adsorption is achieved by contacting the adsorbent membrane with the skin of the patient for the adsorption of VOCs.
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2005155A FR3110702B1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 | 2020-05-20 | Système et procédé d’analyse de COV par LTP-MS |
| PCT/FR2021/050923 WO2021234319A1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 | 2021-05-20 | Système et procédé d'analyse de composés organiques volatiles (co v) par le plasma à basse température et la spectrométrie de masse (ltp-ms) |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4154300A1 true EP4154300A1 (fr) | 2023-03-29 |
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| EP21733500.9A Pending EP4154300A1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 | 2021-05-20 | Système et procédé d'analyse de composés organiques volatiles (co v) par le plasma à basse température et la spectrométrie de masse (ltp-ms) |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230207300A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4154300A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3110702B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021234319A1 (fr) |
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| TWI488215B (zh) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-11 | 國立中山大學 | 具有多重固相微萃取探針的熱脫附游離裝置、質譜系統,及質譜分析方法 |
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2020
- 2020-05-20 FR FR2005155A patent/FR3110702B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-05-20 EP EP21733500.9A patent/EP4154300A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-05-20 US US17/926,730 patent/US20230207300A1/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20230207300A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
| FR3110702A1 (fr) | 2021-11-26 |
| FR3110702B1 (fr) | 2025-01-03 |
| WO2021234319A1 (fr) | 2021-11-25 |
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