EP4153476A1 - Luftfahrzeug - Google Patents
LuftfahrzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP4153476A1 EP4153476A1 EP21721832.0A EP21721832A EP4153476A1 EP 4153476 A1 EP4153476 A1 EP 4153476A1 EP 21721832 A EP21721832 A EP 21721832A EP 4153476 A1 EP4153476 A1 EP 4153476A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aircraft
- wing
- following feature
- inlet
- ducted propeller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/32—Wings specially adapted for mounting power plant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
- B64U30/20—Rotors; Rotor supports
- B64U30/26—Ducted or shrouded rotors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
- B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
- B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
- B64C29/0025—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being fixed relative to the fuselage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U10/00—Type of UAV
- B64U10/20—Vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
- B64U30/20—Rotors; Rotor supports
- B64U30/29—Constructional aspects of rotors or rotor supports; Arrangements thereof
- B64U30/295—Rotors arranged in the wings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
- B64U50/10—Propulsion
- B64U50/13—Propulsion using external fans or propellers
- B64U50/14—Propulsion using external fans or propellers ducted or shrouded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
- B64C11/001—Shrouded propellers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2201/00—UAVs characterised by their flight controls
- B64U2201/10—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aircraft, in particular a fully electric, vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft.
- VTOL vertical take-off and landing
- Aircraft with the ability to take off and land on particularly short routes (short take-off and landing, STOL), take off on short routes but land vertically (short take-off and vertical landing, STOVL) are also included. or to take off vertically but land horizontally (vertical take-off and horizontal landing, VTHL).
- DE 10 2009 048 201 A1 discloses an aircraft capable of taking off and landing vertically, which has a vertically aligned ducted propeller integrated into the fuselage with thrust vector blades on the outlet side.
- the outlet opening of the lifting propeller in turn, has pivotable slats directed transversely to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft in order to influence the direction of the exiting exhaust gas jet.
- This thrust vector control makes it possible to control movements around the pitch axis.
- WO 2016/066848 A1 relates to a flying car with two stationary impellers and louvre blades that are rolled up between the impeller shafts during flight operations.
- the propulsion force is achieved by adjusting the slats.
- GB 2 146 298 B describes a nozzle channel, the walls of which consist of lamellae articulated to one another, which are guided in guides and moved with cables in order to be able to assume different positions along the guides.
- the invention provides an aircraft, in particular a fully electric aircraft capable of taking off and landing vertically in the above sense, according to independent claim 1.
- the approach according to the invention is based on the insight that a VTOL aircraft intended for lift and cruise flight requires drive units that are able to cope with every flight phase (take-off, transition, cruise and landing).
- a ducted fan integrated into the wing is provided, as is known from aeronautical engineering, for example, from hovercraft or swamp boats.
- the cylindrical housing surrounding the propeller is able to considerably reduce the thrust losses due to turbulence at the blade tips.
- Another advantage of this solution in addition to the improved performance, is the attractive appearance of the aircraft, since it does not allow a view of the open rotors when cruising.
- On the suction side of the ducted propeller it is particularly important to ensure an optimized air flow and at the same time to create the possibility of opening and closing the integrated blades with a suitable kinematic system.
- An embodiment of the invention therefore opens up the possibility of actuating the integrated inlet lamellae while maintaining the base area of the round flow channel of the ducted propeller, which is essential for its flow guidance and deflection function (into the flow channel).
- webs are used that can be aerodynamically optimized.
- Another embodiment takes into account the fact that such a blade-integrated ducted propeller should be equally suitable for the operating conditions of the hover flight, the transition and the cruise flight.
- the air is deflected twice at an angle of about 90 °: first by 90 ° into the duct that runs through the wing, in order to accelerate the flow with the embedded ducted propeller, which is done through the top Flow guide fins can be supported, and finally 90 ° out of the wing duct to generate forward thrust.
- the ducted propeller in the wing benefits from the compression in the wing channel, which gives the aircraft according to the invention an additional overall lift.
- the possible channel enlargement thus supports the total stroke during the hovering and transition.
- Another embodiment is based on the knowledge that during the acceleration in transitional operation the flow (due to the increasing free jet speed around the aircraft) is not accelerated uniformly along the inlet lip into the channel. Therefore, the flow initially separates at the bow-side edge of the ducted propeller.
- the advantage of a corresponding configuration lies in the improved compression in the ducted propeller during the transition to cruise flight. It also reduces the proportion of turbulent air that is sucked in by the ducted propeller during this transition. Finally, the flow separation at the inlet lip on the bow side is shifted in the stern direction.
- the aircraft can be equipped with angled or even optionally angled wings.
- a corresponding variant increases the wing area effective in level flight, but without expanding the standing area of the aircraft.
- Figure 1 shows the cross section of a wing.
- FIG. 2 shows a first detail 15 of the illustration according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 shows a second detail 16 of the illustration according to FIG. 1.
- Figure 4 shows levitation and transition.
- Figure 5 shows the cross section of the wing in a different representation.
- FIG. 6 shows a first detail 22 of the illustration according to FIG. 5.
- Figure 7 shows the cross section of an inlet lamella of the wing.
- FIG. 8 shows a second detail 23 of the illustration according to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 9 shows the cross section of a further wing, the inlet and outlet lamellae of which are in the open position.
- FIG. 10 shows a first detail 25 of the illustration according to FIG. 9.
- FIG. 11 shows a second detail 26 of the illustration according to FIG. 9.
- FIG. 12 shows the cross section of the wing, the inlet and outlet lamellae being in the closed position here.
- FIG. 13 shows a first detail 29 of the illustration according to FIG. 12.
- FIG. 14 shows a second detail 30 of the illustration according to FIG. 12.
- FIG. 15 shows a plan view of the ducted propeller of the wing.
- FIG. 16 illustrates an example of an actuation concept with a rotary drive.
- Figure 1 shows the wing (10) of the aircraft in profile.
- the wing (10) is traversed vertically by a ducted propeller (20), which has inlet lamellas (13) on its upper side, as shown in the illustration, and outlet lamellas (14) for flow guidance on its underside.
- the outlet lamellas (14) can also be used for thrust vector control and thus navigation of the aircraft and are also able to completely close the underside of the ducted propeller (20).
- the inlet lamellas (13) thus serve as flow guide vanes which, in their open position (17), guide the air flow into the ducted propeller (20). (It goes without saying that other locking mechanisms are possible, especially on the inlet side, without departing from the scope of the invention.)
- outlet lamellas (14), which can be seen better in FIG. 3, serve in a corresponding manner as thrust vector blades for controlling the aircraft and as
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative representation of the wing (10) which draws the viewer's attention to two details to be explained below (22 - FIG. 6, 23 - FIG. 7).
- Figure 6 illustrates the seal between the inlet lamellae (13) and the inlet lip of the propeller jacket. This has an inlet lip that at least partially encircles the ducted propeller (20) and has a flexible zone (24) in such a way that the closed inlet lamellas (13) seal the wing (10) by pressing against this zone (24).
- FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate the seal between the leading or leading edges and trailing or trailing edges of the inlet lamellas (13).
- the latter accordingly have a flexible zone (24) at their trailing edge in such a way that the closed inlet lamellas (13) seal the wing (10) by bending the trailing edge under the leading edge of the inlet lamella (13) following downstream.
- FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the wing (10), the inlet lip of which surrounds the ducted propeller (20) on the upper side is aerodynamically optimized: As the detailed illustrations in FIGS. 10 and 11 clearly show in comparison, the said inlet lip here has a flat curvature (27) on the bow and a significantly stronger curvature (28) at the rear.
- FIG. 12 shows the same wing (10), the inlet lamellae (13) on the top and the outlet lamellae (14) on the underside now being in the completely closed position.
- pressure equalization between the negative pressure (11) above the wing (10) and the positive pressure (12) below the wing (10) is largely avoided through the ducted propeller (20).
- the inlet lamellas (13) thus serve as flow guide vanes which, in their open position (17), guide the air flow into the ducted propeller (20).
- two webs (21) spanning the ducted propeller in parallel serve as the adjusting mechanism of at least the inlet lamellas (13).
- these webs (21) are driven by a rotary actuator (33) offset by 90 °, which is arranged outside the airfoil channel between the webs (31).
- two planetary gears (35) which act on a continuous shaft of the rotary actuator (33) on both sides are used for translation.
- Each web (21) is assigned a radial lever (34) which converts the rotational movement translated by the gear (35) into a translational movement which - in the present case via an intermediate piece - drives a push rod (32).
- This in turn carries several lamellar levers (31), each of which is assigned one of the lamellas (13).
- both levers (34) are preferably in a self-locking position so that they do not exert any forces on the rotary actuator (33).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020113489.4A DE102020113489B4 (de) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Luftfahrzeug |
| PCT/EP2021/025146 WO2021233572A1 (de) | 2020-05-19 | 2021-04-21 | Luftfahrzeug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4153476A1 true EP4153476A1 (de) | 2023-03-29 |
Family
ID=75690234
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21721832.0A Withdrawn EP4153476A1 (de) | 2020-05-19 | 2021-04-21 | Luftfahrzeug |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12077325B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4153476A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN115667067A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020113489B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021233572A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11926429B2 (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2024-03-12 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Aircraft having cooling system for distributing heat transfer liquid to different regions of aircraft |
| US11993361B2 (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2024-05-28 | Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, a subsidiary of The Boeing Company | Upper surface louvers for lift fans |
| EP4015362B1 (de) * | 2020-12-18 | 2024-10-09 | Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, a subsidiary of The Boeing Company | Lüftervorrichtung mit hubgebläse und lamellenabdeckung |
| US20250282505A1 (en) * | 2024-03-11 | 2025-09-11 | Ideaforge Technology Limited | Landing gears for aerial vehicle to minimise aerodynamic drag during flight |
| CN118953668B (zh) * | 2024-10-12 | 2025-01-24 | 中国北方车辆研究所 | 一种解耦式矢量涵道及分布式电动涵道推进系统 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6561456B1 (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-05-13 | Michael Thomas Devine | Vertical/short take-off and landing aircraft |
Family Cites Families (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3179353A (en) * | 1958-02-04 | 1965-04-20 | Ryan Aeronautical Co | Jet powered ducted fan convertiplane |
| US2988301A (en) | 1958-10-28 | 1961-06-13 | Charles J Fletcher | Ducted fan aircraft |
| US3335960A (en) * | 1965-03-04 | 1967-08-15 | Gen Electric | Louver actuation system |
| US3700189A (en) | 1970-07-02 | 1972-10-24 | Gen Electric | Vtol propulsion system |
| US3912201A (en) * | 1972-09-13 | 1975-10-14 | Hawker Siddeley Aviation Ltd | Aircraft |
| GB2146298B (en) | 1978-10-02 | 1985-12-18 | Rolls Royce | Apparatus for varying the configuration of the exhaust discharge opening of a gas turbine jet propulsion engine |
| US4469294A (en) * | 1982-05-20 | 1984-09-04 | Clifton Robert T | V/STOL Aircraft |
| US4674709A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1987-06-23 | Welles Stanley W | Airframe design |
| US4828203A (en) | 1986-12-16 | 1989-05-09 | Vulcan Aircraft Corporation | Vertical/short take-off and landing aircraft |
| US5769317A (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1998-06-23 | Allison Engine Company, Inc. | Aircraft thrust vectoring system |
| US6390418B1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2002-05-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Tangentially directed acoustic jet controlling boundary layer |
| US7281680B2 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2007-10-16 | Attila Melkuti | VTOL/STOL ducted propeller aircraft |
| BRPI0708425A2 (pt) * | 2006-03-01 | 2011-05-31 | Urban Aeronautics Ltd | disposição de palhetas em efeito solo |
| EP2152576A2 (de) * | 2007-05-02 | 2010-02-17 | Urban Aeronautics Ltd. | Steuerung von strömen und kräften in senkrechtstartfahrzeugen |
| CN101380997A (zh) * | 2008-10-24 | 2009-03-11 | 穆骞 | 百叶窗式开裂复合翼 |
| DE102009048201A1 (de) | 2009-10-05 | 2011-04-28 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Antriebseinheit für ein senkrecht startbares Luftfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Triebwerksleistung eines Strahltriebwerks in einem senkrecht startbaren Luftfahrzeug sowie Luftfahrzeug mit einer solchen Antriebseinheit |
| DE102014115926A1 (de) | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-04 | Johann Schwöller | Antriebsmodul für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem solchen Antriebsmodul |
| US9714090B2 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-07-25 | Sunlight Photonics Inc. | Aircraft for vertical take-off and landing |
| US10040547B1 (en) | 2015-11-18 | 2018-08-07 | Samuel Pedigo | Unmanned aerial vehicle |
| US10246184B2 (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2019-04-02 | Jon M. Ragland | Aircraft with internally housed propellor units |
| GB2555440A (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-02 | Mono Aerospace Ip Ltd | Vertical take off and landing aircraft |
| KR101938459B1 (ko) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-01-14 | 한국항공우주연구원 | 비행체 |
| GB2567199A (en) * | 2017-10-05 | 2019-04-10 | Autonomous Devices Ltd | Control system for fluid borne vehicles |
| KR102077291B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-02-13 | 국방과학연구소 | 비행체 및 그 제어 방법 |
| DE102018116152B4 (de) * | 2018-07-04 | 2025-01-02 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Luftfahrzeug |
| CN109018342B (zh) * | 2018-08-24 | 2024-02-20 | 南京航空航天大学 | 转摆线风扇翼装置、倾转摆线风扇翼飞行器及控制方法 |
| DE102019112132B4 (de) * | 2019-05-09 | 2024-05-23 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Luftfahrzeug |
| US11077951B1 (en) | 2020-03-28 | 2021-08-03 | Textron Innovations Inc. | Propulsion systems for low observable aircraft |
| US11993361B2 (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2024-05-28 | Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, a subsidiary of The Boeing Company | Upper surface louvers for lift fans |
| JP7538675B2 (ja) * | 2020-09-28 | 2024-08-22 | 株式会社Subaru | 垂直離着陸航空機および翼装置 |
-
2020
- 2020-05-19 DE DE102020113489.4A patent/DE102020113489B4/de active Active
-
2021
- 2021-04-21 CN CN202180034648.9A patent/CN115667067A/zh active Pending
- 2021-04-21 WO PCT/EP2021/025146 patent/WO2021233572A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-04-21 EP EP21721832.0A patent/EP4153476A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-04-21 US US17/920,434 patent/US12077325B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6561456B1 (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-05-13 | Michael Thomas Devine | Vertical/short take-off and landing aircraft |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021233572A1 (de) | 2021-11-25 |
| DE102020113489A1 (de) | 2021-11-25 |
| US12077325B2 (en) | 2024-09-03 |
| CN115667067A (zh) | 2023-01-31 |
| US20230174253A1 (en) | 2023-06-08 |
| DE102020113489B4 (de) | 2022-08-11 |
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