EP4150403A1 - Flexible display-vorrichtung, verfahren zum stabilisieren mindestens einer geometrischen konfiguration einer flexiblen display-vorrichtung, rollbare projektionswand, und verfahren zum stabilisieren einer ausgerollten konfiguration einer rollbaren projektionswand - Google Patents
Flexible display-vorrichtung, verfahren zum stabilisieren mindestens einer geometrischen konfiguration einer flexiblen display-vorrichtung, rollbare projektionswand, und verfahren zum stabilisieren einer ausgerollten konfiguration einer rollbaren projektionswandInfo
- Publication number
- EP4150403A1 EP4150403A1 EP21723658.7A EP21723658A EP4150403A1 EP 4150403 A1 EP4150403 A1 EP 4150403A1 EP 21723658 A EP21723658 A EP 21723658A EP 4150403 A1 EP4150403 A1 EP 4150403A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- display device
- flexible
- active material
- rollable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/54—Accessories
- G03B21/56—Projection screens
- G03B21/58—Projection screens collapsible, e.g. foldable; of variable area
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
- G06F1/1633—Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups G06F1/1615 - G06F1/1626
- G06F1/1637—Details related to the display arrangement, including those related to the mounting of the display in the housing
- G06F1/1652—Details related to the display arrangement, including those related to the mounting of the display in the housing the display being flexible, e.g. mimicking a sheet of paper, or rollable
Definitions
- FLEXIBLE DISPLAY DEVICE METHOD FOR STABILIZING AT LEAST ONE GEOMETRIC CONFIGURATION OF A FLEXIBLE DISPLAY DEVICE, ROLLABLE PROJECTION SCREEN, AND METHOD FOR STABILIZING A ROLLED CONFIGURATION OF A ROLLED PROJECTION WALL
- Various embodiments relate to a flexible display device, a method for stabilizing at least one geometric configuration of a flexible display device, a rollable projection screen, and a method for stabilizing a rolled-out configuration of a rollable projection screen.
- Various embodiments relate to a flexible display device and a rollable projection screen, as well as a method for stabilizing the same, with a change in geometry of an active material or an active material and a stiffening resulting therefrom being used to stabilize the display device or the projection wall.
- active materials sometimes also referred to as “smart materials”
- hydrogels e.g. hydrogels
- An “active material” can be understood to mean a material that can be reversibly mechanically deformed by non-mechanical stimulation (“activation”).
- a “passive material”, in turn, can be understood to mean, for example, a material that does not have the abovementioned ability or in which the abovementioned ability is present but is not used.
- a corrugated sheet structure can form, which can change, in particular increase, the flexural rigidity of the structure.
- the change in flexural rigidity can be achieved by changing the geometry of the active material, or a layer or structure which the active material has or consists of.
- the change in geometry can be adjustable and reversible, so that the flexural rigidity can be freely adjusted.
- the extent of the change in geometry can depend on the strength of the stimulation and / or the duration of the stimulation.
- An active material can therefore also be understood to mean, for example, a material that can be used as a sensor and / or actuator.
- a rollable projection screen can also be implemented, for example, which does not require any additional fixation (e.g. by means of a metal rod or a metal frame).
- a flexible display device a method for stabilizing at least one geometric configuration of a flexible display device, a rollable projection screen and a method for stabilizing a rollable projection screen according to the independent patent claims are provided. Further embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
- a flexible display device comprising: a flexible layer; at least one layer arranged on at least one of two opposite sides of the flexible layer for stabilizing at least one geometric configuration of the flexible layer, the at least one layer comprising an active material which is reversibly mechanically deformable by non-mechanical stimulation; and means configured to apply at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material.
- the flexible display device when the non-mechanical stimulation is applied to the active material, the flexible display device can be stabilized on the basis of a change in geometry of the flexible layer and of the at least one layer resulting from the mechanical deformation of the active material.
- the flexible layer can comprise or consist of a passive material.
- the flexible layer can comprise or consist of an inorganic material.
- the passive material can be an inorganic material.
- the flexible layer can comprise or consist of an organic material.
- the passive material can be an organic material.
- the flexible layer can have or be a film.
- the two opposite sides of the flexible layer can be an upper side and a lower side of the flexible layer.
- the top and the bottom of the flexible layer can, for example, be parallel to a display surface of the flexible display device, for example parallel to a display surface of a display panel of the flexible display device.
- the active material can be a material that expands or contracts when the at least one non-mechanical stimulation is applied.
- the active material can be a material that expands or contracts isotropically upon application of the at least one non-mechanical stimulation.
- An example of an active material that can expand or contract isotropically is a hydrogel.
- active materials can also be used that expand or contract anisotropically, or generally undergo an anisotropic change in shape when the non-mechanical stimulation is applied.
- the at least one layer can be designed in such a way that a flexural rigidity of the flexible display device is changed by the mechanical deformation of the active material.
- the flexural rigidity of the display device can be increased by the mechanical deformation of the active material.
- at least the structure of the flexible layer and the at least one layer containing the active material can be deformed (e.g. adopt a U shape, a bowl shape, a corrugated plate shape or another curved shape), whereby a change (in particular Increase) the flexural rigidity of the structure and thus the display device can be achieved.
- the active material can transition from a first (e.g. undeformed or slightly deformed state) to a second (e.g. deformed or more strongly deformed) state through a non-mechanical stimulation, so that the flexural rigidity of the structure made of flexible layer and the at least a layer comprising the active material changes from a first value to a second value (in particular increased).
- a first e.g. undeformed or slightly deformed state
- a second e.g. deformed or more strongly deformed
- the active material can switch from the second state back to the first state (in other words, the deformation can recede) if the (first) non-mechanical stimulation is omitted or if a second non-mechanical stimulation is applied to the active material is applied, which causes, for example, a deformation effect opposite to the (first) non-mechanical stimulation, so that the flexural rigidity of the structure of flexible layer and the at least one layer develops again towards the first value (in particular decreased).
- the (first) non-mechanical stimulation can cause the active material to expand, and omitting the (first) non-mechanical stimulation or applying the second non-mechanical stimulation can cause the active material to contract again. This process can, for example, be reversible several times.
- the flexural rigidity of the flexible display device can be set variably, for example by different strength and / or duration of the applied non-mechanical stimulation.
- the at least one layer can be set up such that a flexural rigidity of the at least one layer when the active material is not in a deformed state is approximately equal to a flexural rigidity of the flexible layer.
- a flexural rigidity of the at least one layer when the active material is not in a deformed state is approximately equal to a flexural rigidity of the flexible layer.
- the flexural rigidity of the structure composed of flexible layer and the at least one layer and / or the flexural rigidity of the flexible display device can be increased by the mechanical deformation of the active material by a factor of at least 2, for example at least 5, for example at least 10, for example at least 100, for example at least 1000, for example at least 10,000.
- the active material can comprise or be at least one of the following materials: a hydrogel, an electroactive polymer, a piezoelectric or electrostrictive material (for example a piezoceramic material or a piezopolymer), a polymer composite material, a shape memory material (for example a shape memory alloy or a shape memory polymer) .
- the at least one non-mechanical stimulation can have or be an electrical stimulation, a thermal stimulation, a stimulation by light and / or a chemical stimulation.
- Electrical stimulation can be, for example, the application of an electrical voltage or an electrical current to the active material.
- the device for applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material can be configured for applying the electrical voltage or the electrical current.
- the device may have or be a suitable electrical circuit.
- the electrical circuit can be electrically connected to the at least one layer.
- Thermal stimulation can be, for example, heating or cooling of the active material.
- the device for applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material can be configured to heat or cool the active material.
- the device can have or be a suitable heating element and / or cooling element.
- the heating element and / or cooling element can be coupled to the at least one layer.
- Stimulation by light can be, for example, irradiating the active material with light of a predetermined wavelength or light of a predetermined wavelength range.
- the device for applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material can be configured to irradiate the active material.
- the device can have or be a suitable light source.
- the predetermined wavelength range can be, for example, in the UV range or in the visible range, for example in the case of a hydrogel as the active material. Alternatively, however, other wavelengths or wavelength ranges are also possible.
- Chemical stimulation can be, for example, a change in a pH value or a change in the concentration of at least one component of the active material (e.g. the hydrogel).
- the device for applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material can be configured to change the pH value or change the concentration.
- the change in the pH value or the concentration of a surrounding or containing solution can be implemented by, for example, reversible chemical reactions or light-induced chemical reactions or oxidation reactions or electrochemical reactions.
- the change in the pH value or the concentration can be implemented by microfluidic supply from a reservoir.
- the at least one layer can only be arranged on one of the two opposite sides of the flexible layer.
- a mechanical deformation of the active material can, for example, bring about a curvature of the flexible layer or the structure made up of a flexible layer and at least one layer. This can, for example, enable or help to convert the flexible display device from a flat state to a curved state, and back again.
- the at least one layer can have a plurality of partial layers that are separate from one another.
- Each sub-layer can, for example, have the shape of a patch, for example a strip, with a length, width and height.
- the length can be larger than the width.
- the width can be greater than the height.
- the height can be equal to the thickness of the partial layer.
- the patches can be arranged parallel to one another.
- the patches can all have the same dimensions.
- the patches can be arranged equidistantly.
- the sub-layers can for example be stimulated non-mechanically together, or one or more of the sub-layers can be non-mechanically stimulated independently of the other sub-layers.
- one or more, e.g. all, partial layers can be stimulated individually (e.g. electrically controlled).
- a mechanical deformation of the active material in the respective sub-layer can take place independently of the mechanical deformation of the active material of the other sub-layers. In this way, for example, locally different deformations of the at least one layer or the structure made up of a flexible layer and at least one layer can be achieved.
- the at least one layer can have a first layer, which is arranged on one of the two opposite sides of the flexible layer, and a second layer, which is arranged on the other of the two opposite sides of the flexible layer.
- a first layer comprising an active material (or the active material) can be arranged on one of the two opposite sides of the flexible layer
- a second layer can be arranged on the other of the two opposite sides of the flexible layer, which comprises an active material (or the active material).
- the second layer can act, for example, as a compensation layer which counteracts an excessive deformation (e.g. curvature), or a deformation in a certain direction, of the flexible layer, which is caused by a mechanical deformation of the active material of the first layer.
- the second layer can reduce the deformation of the flexible layer.
- both the first layer on one side (e.g. top or bottom) of the flexible layer and the second layer on the other (opposite) side of the flexible layer have an active material when a non-mechanical stimulation is applied to the active material Material
- an effect of a mechanical deformation of the active material on one side (eg top or bottom) of the flexible layer on the flexible layer can be compensated for by an opposite effect of a similar deformation of the active material on the other side of the flexible layer.
- the effects of the mechanical deformations of the active material on the two sides of the flexible layer on the flexible layer can at least partially cancel each other out, so that an excessive deformation of the flexible layer or a deformation in a certain direction can be reduced or prevented.
- the first layer can have a plurality of partial layers separated from one another and the second layer can have at least one partial layer.
- Each sub-layer can, for example, be in the form of a patch, e.g. a strip, with a length Have width and height. The length can be greater than the width. The width can be greater than the height. The height can be equal to the thickness of the partial layer.
- the patches of the first layer can be arranged parallel to one another. The patches of the first layer can be arranged equidistantly. The patches of the first layer can be arranged perpendicular to the patch or patches of the second layer. The patch or patches of the second layer can overlap the strips of the first layer.
- the sub-layers (e.g. patches) of the first layer can, for example, be non-mechanically stimulated together, or one or more of the sub-layers can be non-mechanically stimulated independently of the other sub-layers.
- one or more, e.g. all, partial layers can be stimulated individually (e.g. electrically controlled).
- a mechanical deformation of the active material in the respective sub-layer can take place independently of the mechanical deformation of the active material of the other sub-layers.
- the first layer and the second layer can each have a plurality of partial layers that are separate from one another.
- Each sub-layer can, for example, have the shape of a patch, e.g. a strip, with a length, width and height. The length can be greater than the width. The width can be greater than the height. The height can be equal to the thickness of the partial layer.
- the patches of the first layer can be arranged parallel to one another. The patches of the first layer can be arranged equidistantly.
- the patches of the second layer can be arranged parallel to one another. The patches of the second layer can be arranged equidistantly.
- the patches of the first layer can be arranged parallel to the patches of the second layer.
- the patches of the first layer can be arranged offset from the patches of the second layer.
- the patches of the first layer can have the same dimensions as the patches of the second layer.
- the sub-layers of the first layer and / or the second layer can, for example, be non-mechanically stimulated together, or one or more of the sub-layers can be non-mechanically stimulated independently of the other sub-layers.
- one or more, e.g. all, partial layers can be stimulated individually (e.g. electrically controlled).
- a mechanical deformation of the active material in the respective sub-layer can take place independently of the mechanical deformation of the active material of the other sub-layers. In this way, for example, locally different deformations of the at least one layer can be achieved.
- the flexible display device can be set up as a rollable display device or a foldable display device.
- the at least one layer can be formed in such a way that, when the active material is in a deformed state, the flexible layer and the at least one layer have a wave shape. As a result of the wave shape, the flexural rigidity of the structure composed of the flexible layer and the at least one layer and thus the flexural rigidity of the flexible display device can be greatly increased.
- the at least one geometric configuration of the flexible layer can have or be at least one of the following configurations: a planar configuration; a configuration having at least one curved portion; a configuration with at least one angled section.
- the at least one geometric configuration of the flexible layer can have or be at least one of the following configurations: a rolled-up configuration; a folded configuration.
- the flexible display device can be set up as: a liquid crystal display device; a plasma display device; a light emitting diode (LED) display device; an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device; or an electrophoresis display device.
- a liquid crystal display device a plasma display device; a light emitting diode (LED) display device; an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device; or an electrophoresis display device.
- LED light emitting diode
- OLED organic light emitting diode
- the flexible display device can furthermore have a display layer for displaying an image and a compensation layer arranged between the display layer and the flexible layer for reducing or preventing a mechanical deformation caused by the mechanical deformation of the active material of the at least one layer the display layer.
- the compensation layer can partially or completely prevent a (e.g., wave-shaped) deformation of the flexible layer caused by the mechanical deformation of the active material from being transferred to the display layer.
- the compensation layer can absorb the (e.g. wave-shaped) deformation of the flexible layer, but on its opposite side retain its (e.g. planar) shape and thus partially or completely prevent the (e.g. wave-shaped) deformation of the flexible layer transfers to the display layer.
- the display layer can be flexible.
- the display layer can, for example, have or consist of a flexible material.
- the display layer can have or be a film.
- the flexible layer can be a display layer for displaying an image, or the flexible display device can furthermore have a display layer arranged on or above the flexible layer for displaying an image, the flexible The display device can furthermore have an electronic compensation circuit for compensating for an image error caused by the mechanical deformation of the active material of the at least one layer in an image represented by the display layer.
- a deformation of the display layer caused by the mechanical deformation of the active material can clearly lead, for example, to the distance between two pixels on the display layer changing compared to the distance in the non-deformed state.
- Image errors caused by the changed pixel spacings for example distortions or brightness deviations, can be clearly corrected or avoided by means of a suitable changed control of the pixels.
- the flexible layer can have or consist of a plurality of flexible partial layers arranged one above the other.
- the flexible layer can have or consist of a layer stack of flexible partial layers.
- the at least one layer for stabilizing the at least one geometric configuration of the flexible layer (hereinafter also referred to as at least one stabilization layer) can be arranged on at least one of two opposite sides of at least one of the flexible partial layers.
- a stabilization layer can be arranged on one or both sides of one or more of the partial layers.
- an electronic device can have a flexible display device according to one or more of the aspects or embodiments described herein, wherein the electronic device is set up, for example, as: a television (eg flat screen television such as LCD, LED, PDP or OLED -TV); a mobile phone (e.g. smartphone); an electronic computing device (e.g. PC, laptop, tablet, notebook, etc.); data glasses ("smart glasses") (e.g. augmented reality glasses or virtual reality glasses); or an e-paper (electronic paper).
- the electronic device can be, for example, a portable electronic device.
- the electronic device can be a stationary electronic device.
- the stabilization described here by means of a change in geometry can, for example, prevent the e-paper from bending (e.g. due to its own weight) when it is held in the hand.
- bending e.g. due to its own weight
- the flexible display device can be in the electronic device (e.g. in a mobile phone (e.g. smartphone), in data glasses (e.g. augmented reality glasses or virtual reality glasses) or in an electronic computing device (e.g. notebook, tablet )) be designed, for example, as a roll-out display device that can be rolled out, for example, from a housing of the electronic device.
- a mobile phone e.g. smartphone
- data glasses e.g. augmented reality glasses or virtual reality glasses
- an electronic computing device e.g. notebook, tablet
- Stabilization by means of a change in geometry, for example, prevents the roll-out display device from bending in the rolled-out state (for example due to its own weight).
- a method for stabilizing at least one geometrical configuration of a flexible display device comprising: in at least one geometrical configuration of the flexible display device, applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to an active material of at least one layer which is connected to at least one of two opposite sides of a flexible layer of the display device is arranged, wherein the non-mechanical stimulation causes a mechanical deformation of the active material in such a way that a flexural rigidity of the flexible display device is changed.
- a (e.g., wave-shaped) deformation of the layer structure comprising the flexible layer and the at least one layer can be achieved, as a result of which the flexural rigidity of the structure and thus of the flexible display device can change.
- the mechanical deformation of the active material can cause an increase in the flexural rigidity of the flexible display device.
- a change in geometry of the flexible layer and of the at least one layer resulting from the mechanical deformation of the active material can increase a flexural rigidity of the flexible display device and thereby stabilize the flexible display device.
- a rollable projection screen (also referred to as a rollable screen) comprising: a rollable layer; at least one layer arranged on at least one of two opposite sides of the rollable layer for stabilizing a rolled-out configuration of the rollable layer, the at least one layer comprising an active material which is mechanically deformable by non-mechanical stimulation; and means configured to apply at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material.
- the rollable projection screen when the non-mechanical stimulation is applied to the active material, can be stabilized due to a change in geometry of the rollable layer and the at least one layer resulting from the mechanical deformation of the active material.
- the rollable projection screen can also have a device for rolling the rollable layer in and out.
- the rollable layer can comprise or consist of a passive material.
- the at least one layer when the active material is in the undeformed state, can be rolled up or rolled out together with the rollable layer, for example by means of the device for rolling the rollable layer in and out.
- the device for rolling the rollable layer in and out can have a roller, the rollable layer being at least indirectly attached to the roller.
- the device for rolling the rollable layer in and out can also have a motor mechanically coupled to the roller for driving the roller.
- the device for rolling the rollable layer in and out can also have a controller coupled to the motor for controlling the motor.
- the device for applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material can be set up in such a way that it only applies the non-mechanical stimulation in a sub-area of the at least one layer, the sub-area of the rollable projection screen (more precisely: the rollable components the rollable projection screen) corresponds to the active material.
- a change e.g.
- the flexural rigidity of the rollable projection screen (more precisely: a flexural rigidity of the structure of the rollable layer and the structure of the projection screen that has at least one layer) can be generated in the unrolled sub-area of the rollable projection screen, while the flexural rigidity in one not (or not yet) unrolled part of the projection screen may have an unchanged (eg original, eg lower) value.
- the already unrolled or unrolled part of the projection screen can be stabilized by the at least one layer (stabilization layer), e.g. in a planar configuration, while the not yet unrolled part of the projection screen can be unrolled.
- the part of the projection screen (already) on the roll can be easily rolled if the active material in this part of the stabilization layer is not (no longer) stimulated , while the part of the projection screen that has not yet been rolled up onto the roll can (still) be stabilized by the stabilization layer.
- the rollable projection screen can be set up as a reflected-light screen or a transmitted-light screen. According to various embodiments, the rollable projection screen can be set up, for example, for use in a home theater system or a slide projection system.
- a method for stabilizing a rolled-out configuration of a rollable projection screen comprising: in a rolled-out configuration of the rollable projection screen, applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to an active material of at least one layer, which on at least one of two opposite sides of a rollable layer of the rollable projection screen is arranged, wherein the non-mechanical stimulation causes a mechanical deformation of the active material, such that a flexural rigidity of the rollable projection screen is changed.
- the mechanical deformation of the active material can cause an increase in the flexural rigidity of the rollable projection screen.
- a change in geometry of the rollable layer and the at least one layer resulting from the mechanical deformation of the active material can increase a flexural rigidity of the rollable projection screen and thereby stabilize the rollable projection screen.
- the mechanical deformation of the active material can clearly cause a (e.g. wave-shaped) deformation of the rollable layer and the layer structure having at least one layer, whereby a flexural rigidity of the structure and thus of the projection screen can be changed (e.g. increased).
- non-mechanical stimulation of an active material can be used to change the geometry of a layer arrangement which has a layer containing the active material and a flexible layer (which has a passive material, for example), thereby stabilizing a flexible display device or a rollable display device Projection screen, which contains the layer arrangement, can be achieved.
- the change in geometry can consist of a transition from a planar to a curved, for example corrugated (e.g. corrugated sheet-metal) structure of the layer arrangement.
- the display device or the projection wall can be stabilized, in particular transition from an originally less rigid to a more rigid state.
- the display device can, for example, go from an originally flexible (bendable) state to a rigid state.
- the stabilization of the display device or the projection wall (in other words, the stabilized state of the display device or Projection screen) for the duration of the application of the non-mechanical stimulation to the active material.
- the stabilization of the display device or the projection wall can be for a duration of at least one second, for example for a duration of at least one minute, for example for a duration of for at least one hour, for example for a period of at least one day.
- Embodiments which are described in this application in connection with one or more devices described in this application can also be applied in an analogous manner to one or more methods described in this application, and vice versa.
- Embodiments that are described in this application in connection with a flexible display device can also be used in an analogous manner on a rollable projection screen, and vice versa.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a flexible display device according to various embodiments
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a method for stabilizing at least one geometric configuration of a flexible display device according to various embodiments
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a rollable projection screen according to various embodiments
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of a method for stabilizing a rolled-out configuration of a rollable projection screen according to various embodiments
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration to illustrate aspects of various embodiments
- 7 shows an example to illustrate a stiffening effect used in various embodiments
- FIG. 8A shows a schematic illustration of a two-dimensional layer structure to illustrate aspects of various embodiments
- FIG. 8B is a schematic illustration of various behaviors of the structure shown in FIG. 8A to illustrate aspects of various embodiments
- FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a plate shape, a U-shape and a corrugated plate shape to illustrate aspects of various embodiments
- 10A shows a schematic illustration of a two-dimensional layer structure to illustrate aspects of various embodiments
- FIG. 10B shows various temperature states and associated configurations of the layer structure shown in FIG. 10A; FIG.
- 11A and 11B show the dependence of moments of inertia of the layer structures shown in FIGS. 10A and 13A on their flexural state;
- FIGS. 12A to 12C show schematic representations of various active-passive layer structures to illustrate aspects of various embodiments
- FIG. 13A shows a schematic illustration of a two-dimensional layer structure to illustrate aspects of various embodiments
- FIG. 13B shows various temperature states and associated configurations of the layer structure shown in FIG. 13A;
- FIG. 14A shows a schematic illustration of a three-dimensional layer structure to illustrate aspects of various embodiments
- FIG. 14B shows a central cross section of the layer structure shown in FIG. 14A.
- flexible as used herein can be understood, for example, in such a way that an element, a layer or a device (e.g. the flexible layer or the flexible display device) (or parts thereof) is bendable, pliable, elastic, is movable and / or foldable.
- rollable can be understood, for example, in such a way that an element, a layer or a device (e.g. the rollable layer or the rollable projection screen) (or parts thereof) is flexible and of a wholly or partially rolled up (or rolled up) configuration (eg rolled up onto a roll) can be converted into a fully or partially unrolled (or rolled out) configuration (eg a planar configuration) by rolling, and / or vice versa.
- a layer or a device e.g. the rollable layer or the rollable projection screen
- display device or “display” as used herein can be understood to mean, for example, a device for optical signaling (display) of variable information.
- projection wall or “picture wall” as used herein can be understood, for example, as a collecting surface (projection surface) set up for projection purposes for viewing a projected image.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a flexible display device 100 according to various embodiments.
- the flexible display device 100 can have a flexible layer 101.
- the flexible layer 100 can have a first side 101a and a second side 101b opposite the first side 101a.
- the flexible layer 100 can comprise or consist of a passive material.
- a layer 102 can be arranged which for stabilization at least one geometric configuration of the flexible layer 101 is established.
- the layer 102 can have an active material 102a which is reversibly mechanically deformable by non-mechanical stimulation.
- the flexible display device 100 can furthermore have a device 103 which is set up for applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material 102a.
- the application of the at least one non-mechanical stimulation is shown schematically in FIG. 1 by the arrow 104.
- the layer arrangement 101/102 can assume a corrugated plate-like shape when the active material 102a is deformed (not shown in FIG. 1, see, for example, layer structure 501 in FIG. 5 or layer structure 601 in FIG.
- the layer arrangement 101/102 can assume a simply curved shape (eg U-shape) when the active material 102a is deformed, which also increases the flexural rigidity of the layer arrangement 101/102 and / or achieves a curved state of the display device 100 can be.
- a simply curved shape eg U-shape
- the change in shape of the layer arrangement 101/102 can be reversed again, e.g. by omitting the non-mechanical stimulation or by applying a further non-mechanical stimulation which causes an opposite deformation of the active material 102a. Furthermore, the change in shape of the layer arrangement 101/102 can be repeated several times, e.g. as often as desired.
- the representation of the individual elements 101, 102, 103 of the display device 100 shown in FIG. 1 is schematic and, for example, is not restrictive with regard to the spatial arrangement of the elements 101, 102, 103 relative to one another, apart from the fact that the layer 102 is formed on one or both of the sides 101a and 101b of the layer 101. It should also be noted that the layer 102 does not have to extend over the entire surface of the side 101a and / or the side 101b but, for example, only over a part or a plurality of parts. For example, the layer 102 can have a plurality of separate sub-layers.
- the device 103 for applying the non-mechanical stimulation for example depending on the type of stimulation (electrical, chemical, thermal, optical, etc.) can have one or more sub-elements and / or can be physically and / or electrically connected to the layer 102 be.
- the flexible display device 100 can have additional elements, not shown in FIG. 1, which can be in physical and / or electrical contact with one or more of the elements 101, 102, 103.
- the flexible display device may have one or more additional flexible layers (e.g. one or more functional layers such as a display layer or a display panel).
- the flexible display device 100 or parts thereof can, in particular, also be configured in accordance with one or more of the embodiments described in this application.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a method 200 for stabilizing at least one geometric configuration of a flexible display device according to various embodiments, for example the display device 100 shown in FIG. 1.
- the method may, in 202, include: in at least one geometric configuration of the flexible display device, applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to an active material of at least one layer which is arranged on at least one of two opposite sides of a flexible layer of the display device , wherein the non-mechanical stimulation causes a mechanical deformation of the active material such that a flexural rigidity of the flexible display device is changed.
- the deformation of the active material can cause a (e.g., wave-like) deformation of the layer structure comprising the flexible layer and the at least one layer, which can lead to a change (e.g. increase) in the flexural rigidity of the structure and thus of the flexible display device.
- the method 200 or parts thereof can furthermore be configured in accordance with one or more of the embodiments described in this application.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a rollable projection screen 300 according to various embodiments.
- the projection screen 300 can have a rollable layer 301.
- the rollable layer 301 can have a first side 301a and a second side 301b opposite the first side 301a.
- the rollable layer 301 can comprise or consist of a passive material.
- a layer 302 can be arranged on at least one of the two opposite sides 301a and 301b (in the example shown on the second side 301b, alternatively on the first side 301a or on both sides 301a and 301b), which is used to stabilize a rolled-out configuration of the rollable Layer 301 is established.
- the layer 302 can have an active material 302a which is mechanically deformable by non-mechanical stimulation.
- the projection wall 300 can furthermore have a device 303 which is set up for applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material 302a.
- the application of the non-mechanical stimulation is shown schematically in FIG. 3 by the arrow 304.
- the rollable projection screen 300 shown in FIG. 3 by activating the active material 302a in the layer 302, a mechanical deformation (deformation, e.g. expansion) of the active material 302a and, as a result, a (for example corrugated plate-like) deformation of the layer structure 301/302 can be achieved, whereby a flexural rigidity of the layer structure 301/302, and thus the projection screen 300 (more precisely: the rollable components of the projection screen 300) can be increased, which can lead to a stabilization of a rolled-out configuration of the projection screen 300.
- a mechanical deformation deformation, e.g. expansion
- a (for example corrugated plate-like) deformation of the layer structure 301/302 can be achieved, whereby a flexural rigidity of the layer structure 301/302, and thus the projection screen 300 (more precisely: the rollable components of the projection screen 300) can be increased, which can lead to a stabilization of a rolled-out configuration of the projection screen 300.
- the first side 301a of the rollable layer 301 can, but does not necessarily have to be, a side pointing in the direction of a projection device (a projector) and / or a viewer of an image projected onto the projection wall.
- the projection screen 300 can furthermore have a device for rolling the rollable layer 301 in and out.
- the device can, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, have a roller 304 onto or from which the rollable layer 301 can be rolled up or unrolled.
- the roller 305 can be driven, for example, by a motor (not shown).
- the roller 305, the motor and the device 303 can be accommodated in a housing 306, for example.
- the roller 305 can be driven manually, for example by means of a crank mechanism.
- the projection screen 300 is shown in a rolled-out state, in which clearly by means of a stiffening of the layer structure 301/302 caused by a deformation of the active material 302a, the rolled-out part of the projection screen 300 has a stable (e.g. vertical) Has or maintains configuration. In other words, it can be avoided, for example, when the rolled-out part of the projection screen 300 is oriented vertically, for example, from bending under its own weight.
- the rollable projection screen 300 can have additional elements, not shown in FIG. 3, which can be in physical and / or electrical contact with one or more of the elements 301 to 306.
- the rollable projection screen 300 can have one or more additional rollable layers in addition to the rollable layer 301 shown in FIG. 3.
- the one or more additional rollable layers can be arranged, for example, on the first side 301 a of the rollable layer 301.
- a compensation layer described below can be formed on the rollable layer 301.
- the compensation layer also serve as a projection surface for the projection wall.
- an additional rollable layer can be formed on the compensation layer, which can serve as a projection surface. All layers of the rollable projection screen 300 can, for example, be rolled up together onto the roll 305.
- the projection screen 300 or parts thereof can furthermore be designed in accordance with one or more of the embodiments described in this application.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of a method 400 for stabilizing a rolled-out configuration of a rollable projection screen according to various embodiments, for example the projection screen 300 shown in FIG. 3.
- the method may, in 402, comprise: in a rolled out configuration of the rollable projection screen, applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to an active material of at least one layer which is arranged on at least one of two opposite sides of a rollable layer of the rollable projection screen, the non-mechanical Stimulation causes a mechanical deformation of the active material in such a way that a bending stiffness of the rollable projection screen is changed.
- the deformation of the active material can cause an increase in the flexural rigidity of the rollable projection screen.
- the flexural rigidity of the projection screen (more precisely: the flexural rigidity of the structure which the rollable layer and the at least one layer has), a stiffening and thus a stabilization of a rolled-out configuration of the rollable projection screen can be clearly achieved.
- the method 400 or parts thereof can furthermore be configured in accordance with one or more of the embodiments described in this application.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration 500 for illustrating an aspect of various embodiments.
- FIG. 5 shows a layer structure comprising an active-passive composite 501 (in other words, an active-passive composite structure), which has a layer comprising an active material and a having a layer comprising passive material, a compensation layer 502 arranged on the composite 501 and a functional layer 503 arranged thereon.
- an active-passive composite structure in other words, an active-passive composite structure
- the active-passive composite 501 can be, for example, a similar layer arrangement 101/102 shown in FIG. 1 or the layer arrangement 301/302 shown in FIG shown in fig.
- the composite (composite structure) 501 may have a non-corrugated plate-like shape when the non-mechanical stimulation of the active material is absent, and may assume a corrugated plate-like shape when the non-mechanical stimulation is applied to the active material, as shown in FIG. 5.
- it has increased flexural rigidity and can therefore serve to stabilize, for example, a geometric configuration of the flexible display device 100 or a rolled-out configuration of the projection wall 300.
- the functional layer 503 can be arranged over the composite structure 501.
- the functional layer 503 can be, for example, a display layer for displaying an image.
- the functional layer 503 can have a multiplicity of pixels, for example.
- the functional layer 503 can be, for example, a layer serving as a projection surface onto which an image can be projected.
- the compensation layer 502 can be formed between the composite structure 501 and the functional layer 503.
- the compensation layer 502 can compensate for the (e.g. corrugated plate-like) deformation of the composite structure 501 (of the composite 501), so that the compensation layer 502 assumes the same (e.g. corrugated plate-like) deformation on its side facing the active-passive composite 501, on its side facing away from the composite 501 However, the side retains a non-deformed (eg non-corrugated plate-like) structure. In this way, for example, even if the active-passive composite 501 has a corrugated sheet shape, the functional layer 503 can have an independent (eg planar) shape.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration 600 for illustrating a further aspect of various embodiments.
- FIG. 6 shows an active-passive composite 601 in a non-deformed state (above) and in a state that is deformed in the manner of a corrugated plate (below).
- the active-passive composite 601 can be, for example, the layer arrangement of the layers 101 and 102 shown in FIG. 1, which deforms in the form of a wave plate when the active material 101a of the layer 101 is stimulated, as shown in FIG. 6.
- the composite (composite structure) 601 may have a non-corrugated plate-like shape when the non-mechanical stimulation of the active material is absent, and may assume a corrugated plate-like shape when the non-mechanical stimulation is applied to the active material, as shown in FIG. 6. In the corrugated plate-like state of the composite structure 601, it has increased flexural rigidity and can therefore serve to stabilize a geometric configuration of the flexible display device 100.
- the passive layer of the active-passive composite 601 can be a functional layer, in particular a display layer for displaying an image, of a flexible display device (e.g. the Display device 100).
- the functional layer can, for example, have a large number of pixels.
- four pixels A, B, C, D of the plurality of pixels are shown by way of example.
- an electronic compensation circuit can be provided in a flexible display device according to various embodiments to compensate for an image error caused by the mechanical deformation in an image represented by the display layer.
- the pixels can be controlled in such a way that any deviations in the image display caused by the changed pixel spacings are compensated for. For example, the color and / or brightness values of individual pixels can be adjusted.
- hydrogels as the active material.
- active materials such as electroactive polymers, piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials (e.g. piezoceramics or piezopolymers), polymer composites, shape memory materials (e.g. shape memory alloys or shape memory polymers).
- shape memory materials e.g. shape memory alloys or shape memory polymers
- the swelling (e.g. swelling) of active materials such as hydrogels combined with passive layers enables the design of shell-forming structures.
- a shell-like structure offers different properties than a flat structure, e.g. variations in bending stiffness along different directions.
- a significant increase in flexural rigidity is advantageous for rollable / flexible displays, for example: in their rolled out form, these should be sufficiently stable (stiff) to withstand bending (e.g. sagging) due to their own weight. At the same time, they should be flexible enough to be rolled up.
- this can be achieved by forming a shell.
- combined active-passive layer structures e.g. composite structures
- shells in other words, can assume the shape of at least one shell.
- hydrogels can be used with isotropic swelling capabilities.
- Hydrogels can be understood as meaning, for example, polymers in an aqueous environment with the ability to swell (expand) and swell (contract) caused by external stimuli.
- the combined mechanical behavior can be modeled, for example, using the so-called temperature expansion model (TEM), and numerical results can be obtained using finite element simulations.
- TEM temperature expansion model
- the layer structures described here can be used, for example, to provide soft, rollable films that can be stiffened by intrinsic activation.
- stimulus-active materials eg hydrogels
- passive layers eg hydrogels
- active composite structures eg hydrogels
- Embodiments can take advantage of the isotropic swelling abilities that characterize hydrogels.
- temperature-sensitive hydrogels such as poly (A / -isopropyl-acrylamide) (PNiPAAm) can be used as active materials.
- PNiPAAm poly (A / -isopropyl-acrylamide)
- active-passive composite structures can be used for structures with switchable rigidity in order to stabilize flexible, e.g. rollable, displays.
- Flexible, e.g. rollable, displays are currently the focus of attention in the area of portable devices.
- shell formation effects or wave formation effects can be achieved on a macroscopic scale by means of suitable material combinations and geometry combinations in composite structures composed of active and passive materials.
- a transition from a flat configuration (a layer structure) to a curved configuration (the layer structure) is clearly used in order to achieve stabilization (the layer structure).
- the curved configuration can have a higher (bending) rigidity than the flat configuration.
- the curved configuration can be, for example, a relatively simple curved configuration, such as a U-shaped curved configuration, or a curved configuration having a more complex shape, such as a wave-like shape.
- FIG. 1 An example to illustrate the use of the stiffening effect described above is shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 7 shows holding a paper 640 in a hand 630.
- the paper 640 is held so that it has a deformed shape that resembles a “U” in a cross section (along the short side of the paper 640).
- the paper 640 with the U-shape has a significantly higher flexural rigidity, so that the paper 640 does not bend when it is held in the hand 630.
- the rigidity of each individual component plays a central role.
- the term “rigidity” can be understood as the resistance of a body to elastic deformation caused by a force or a moment.
- the term “flexural rigidity” can accordingly be understood to mean the resistance of a body to elastic deformation caused by a bending moment.
- the rigidity of a component depends not only on the elastic properties of the material (for example, the modulus of elasticity and the Poisson's ratio), but also on the geometry of the component. In mechanics, stiffness describes a combined value of material and geometry properties of a structure.
- the curvature K of the beam is defined by where E is the modulus of elasticity, / is the geometrical moment of inertia and M b is the bending moment load.
- the bending stiffness K E I therefore contains both a material parameter E and a geometry parameter /. This relationship is crucial, since the same bending behavior can be obtained under the same load with different pairings of the material and geometry parameters.
- the area moment of inertia / scales with the third power of the fleas and linearly with the width. A slight increase in the number of fleas is therefore very effective in increasing the rigidity of a structure without changing the material. This is used, for example, for profiled steel girders with double-T profiles.
- the structure 700 represents the cross section of a beam.
- the upper layer 702 consists of an active material which can carry out isotropic expansion, for example the FHydrogel poly (N-isopropyl-acrylamide). It is firmly connected to a lower passive layer 701.
- the moduli of elasticity E active , £ passive and the fleas h active , /? Passive of the two layers 701 and 702 are varied according to Table 1 below.
- the modulus of elasticity E and the height h of the active and passive layers are varied in order to form test cases I to V.
- the two-dimensional structure is fixed on the left side with a fixed bearing 703 and on the right side with a sliding bearing 704.
- FIG. 8B shows a comparison of different rigidity combinations between the active layer 702 and the passive layer 701.
- the fastening of the structures 701/702 is implemented as shown in FIG. 8A.
- Case III and case V are distinguished by a passive layer 701 that is very soft compared to the active layer 702, ie KP assive «K active . In such structures 701/702 the overall behavior is dominated by the free swelling of the hydrogel of the active layer 702.
- the difference in the material's modulus of elasticity is high (e.g. when pairing a hydrogel with a metal), this can be compensated for by the ratio of the layer thicknesses (thin metal foil and thick hydrogel) in order to achieve stiffnesses for the active and passive layer of the same order of magnitude. In this way, a combined deformation of the active and passive layer can be observed, although the passive layer has a (eg much) higher modulus of elasticity.
- Combinations of isotropic hydrogels with anisotropic passive materials can fall into different categories depending on the direction. For example, for fiber-reinforced hydrogel composite materials, the behavior in the direction of the fibers can be dominated by the fibers due to their very high modulus of elasticity (case I). In the perpendicular directions, the cross-section of the fibers is very small compared to the hydrogel matrix (case V). Therefore the behavior in this direction can be dominated by the free swell.
- the behavior of structures according to Case II can be used to stabilize flexible displays.
- the actual rigidity (material properties and geometry) of a flexible display can generally depend on the display technology used. If the rigidity conditions are known, a behavior according to case II can be achieved for a wide variety of display technologies.
- Shells are solid structures with any curvature.
- the theoretical background for modeling composite shells is relatively extensive.
- aspects of the modeling of composite shells are briefly discussed using a simple example model. Namely, the bending behavior of BERNOULU beams described by the above equation (1) will be explained.
- This simple example model already provides basic insights into the change in the stiffness of structures when bending. Quantitative statements can be obtained with advanced modeling techniques.
- FIG. 9 shows a plate 901 and the same structure in a curved U-shape (lower left) and a corrugated plate shape (lower right).
- the plate-like structure (top) has a much lower bending stiffness when bending around the x-axis than the bowl-shaped structure (bottom left) or the corrugated sheet structure (bottom right) with the same volume.
- corrugated sheets e.g. corrugated iron
- corrugated iron can enable inexpensive and stable roofing. It can be produced in a simple manner by local plastic deformation, e.g. by means of roll forming.
- a concept for reversibly inducing local swelling and decongesting for the formation of corrugated plate-shaped structures.
- This can be achieved by using an active-passive composite made of an active material (e.g. a hydrogel) and a passive material.
- an active material e.g. a hydrogel
- a passive material e.g. a hydrogel
- the stiffnesses of both components of the composite are of the same order of magnitude in order to enable the deformation of the combination structure.
- the Deformation (e.g. bending) of the structure can clearly be seen as a reaction to (mechanical) tensions (stress) occurring inside the material.
- the deformation (eg bending) of the structure can reduce mechanical stresses in the composite that are caused by the swelling of the active material.
- TEM temperature expansion model
- NETEM normalized ETEM
- ow denotes the actual tension (stress)
- Ekimn the elasticity tensor, which in the linear elastic case is the two constants of the linear elastic material behavior, i.e. the modulus of elasticity
- indices k, I, m, ne [x, z] denote the corresponding tensor basis, and the EiNSTEiN sums convention applies (ie, indices that occur twice are added up).
- example material data is used for the purpose of illustration.
- the structure has an active layer 1002 (upper layer) and a passive layer 1001 (lower layer).
- Preparatory two-dimensional (2D) simulations of the beam cross-section show the desired effect, see FIG. 10A.
- the rectangularly shaped cross section in the x-y plane bends about the z-axis (perpendicular to the image plane) due to swelling of the active material of the active layer 1002 and active-passive interaction similar to case II in FIG. 8B.
- the rectangular cross-section changes into an inverted U-profile and finally curves to an O-shaped hollow profile, see FIG ° C shows corresponding configurations “A”, “B” and “C” of the two-layer bar structure 1001/1002 of FIG. 10A.
- the moment of inertia is related to the coordinate system in the center of mass of the original and deformed structures.
- the change in stiffness as a function of temperature is shown in FIG. 11A (curve 1102). That is to say, curve 1102 in FIG. 11A represents the moment of inertia / xx for a bend about the x-axis for the structure of FIG. 10A.
- Fig. 11B The results of the moment of inertia / yy are shown in Fig. 11B (curve 1152). That is, curve 1152 in Fig. 11B represents, for the structure of Fig. 10A, the moment of inertia / yy for a bend about the y-axis.
- 11A and 11B show that the swelling of the simple two-layer structure according to FIG. 10A (U formation) leads to a change in / xx and / yy.
- FIG. 12A shows a two-layer structure with an active upper layer 1202 and a passive lower layer 1201 in the undeformed state (left) and in the deformed state (right).
- the additional bend about the x-axis is not desirable in some cases, but in other cases it can be used, for example, to implement a curved display.
- a compensation layer made of active material can be added, for example, to counteract this bending (it should be noted here that the compensation layer described here differs from that described in connection with FIG. 5 compensation layer 502 described and in particular has a different function).
- a compensation layer 1203 with the dimensions 33.3 mm c 3.33 mm c 1000 mm was inserted on the underside, see FIGS. 12B and 12C.
- the compensation layer 1203 extends over the entire length of the beam and therefore exerts a great influence on bending about the x-axis.
- the influence of bending about the z-axis (which counteracts the U-deformation) is, however, small, since the compensation layer 1203 only extends over a third of the beam width.
- the active layer does not extend over the entire length of the bar, but is in the form of a patch 1202a, which extends over the entire width but only over 1/3 of the length of the beam (FIG. 12B), or 24 patches 1202b, each of which extends over the entire width but only over 1/50 of the length of the beam (FIG. 12C).
- the hydrogel patches on the upper side lead to a bend about the z-axis as in FIG. 10A and thus to a U-deformation. In contrast to the compensation layer, its influence on the U-deformation is much higher.
- the dimensions of the patches are given in Table 2 shown below.
- Table 2 shows the three test cases “UbeamO”, “Ubeaml” and “Ubeam24” shown in FIGS. 12A to 12C, as well as the corresponding geometry of the respective U-shaped bar structure.
- the geometry is given as width c height c length, ie k c / y c k.
- the structure with a compensation layer and a patch leads to a waveform with swelling, see FIG. 12B.
- 12B shows a structure in which, in addition to the compensation strip 1203 on the lower side of the passive layer 1201, a single hydrogel patch 1202a is inserted on the upper side of the passive layer 1201.
- FIG. 12C shows a structure in which, in addition to the compensation strip 1203 on the lower side of the passive layer 1201, several hydrogel patches 1202b are inserted on the upper side of the passive layer 1201 so that they extend perpendicular to the compensation strip 1203.
- the structure shown in Fig. 12C initially begins to bend in the same manner as that in Fig. 12A and returns to a flat waveform during the swelling process. It should be noted that in the structures shown in FIGS. 12A to 12C, the temperatures for the swollen states also differ due to different volumes of the active material.
- Active corrugated sheets contain multiple layers of hydrogel on either side of the sheet. Therefore, the bending around the x-axis due to the swelling is compensated for and only that remains Shell formation left over.
- the basic concept is shown in a two-dimensional (2D) simulation, see FIG. 13A.
- the two hydrogel patches 1302a enclosed in the passive layer 1301 have the dimensions 20 mm c 3.33 mm and the extension of the bar is 100 mm c 10 mm.
- the two hydrogel patches 1302a enclosed in the passive layer 1301 lead to an S-deformation of the structure.
- 13B shows corresponding configurations “D”, “E” and “F” of the two-layer structure as results of the 2D simulation for three different temperature states 32 ° C., 32.4 ° C. and 36 ° C.
- 11A and 11B show that the swelling of the corrugated plate-like structure according to FIG. 13A leads to a change in the moments of inertia / xx and / yy.
- FIG. 11A The effect of the change in the moment of inertia / xx is shown in FIG. 11A (curve 1104).
- the change with /xx.max/Zxx.min ⁇ 12 is significantly smaller.
- this is only due to the much smaller volume of the active material compared to the volume of the passive material.
- the geometric influence of / yy on the bending stiffness about the y-axis remains almost the same with a maximum change of / yy, min // yy, ma X ⁇ 0.93, see curve 1154 in FIG. 11 B. Due to the non-mirror symmetrical structure the moment of inertia of deviation is not zero, ie / xy 0. Therefore, an oblique bending is to be expected in a beam-like structure with this cross-section.
- FIG. 14A shows a section through the deformed structure (FIG. 14A right).
- An S-shape as shown in Fig. 13A can be observed.
- test results presented here on the structure forming the corrugated plate show that this structure can be more suitable for stabilizing a display than the U-shaped structures shown above. There is no need to compensate for any undesirable bending about the x-axis.
- the size and positioning of the patches in relation to the passive material can be varied.
- the swelling capabilities in active-passive structures can be used in a different way than in conventional muscle-like linear actuators or simple benders.
- the active material e.g. hydrogel
- the active material itself is not load-bearing, but rather serves to form a shell structure. This indirect actuation leads to a strong increase in flexural rigidity due to a change in geometry.
- structures can be used which (when the active material swells) form a U-shaped cross section (see e.g. Fig. 10A).
- structures can be used which (upon swelling of the active material) form an S-shaped cross section (see e.g. Fig. 13A).
- a U-shape can be achieved if the active material swells (in other words, expands).
- An S-shaped cross section can be achieved by means of a suitable distribution of the active material. In this case, a bending effect that is undesirable in some cases, which can occur in a simple U-shaped structure and can reduce a stiffening effect, can be avoided or reduced.
- TEM temperature expansion model
- a composite structure that assumes a U-shaped structure when the active material swells can also be used, for example, in a flexible display in order to realize a flexible display which can change from a planar state to a curved state, and vice versa.
- a display can be realized that can switch between a planar and a curved configuration.
- a change in geometry is used to stiffen (increase the flexural rigidity) and thus stabilize a flexible display device or a causes rollable projection screen.
- the opposite way is possible, ie a reduction in the flexural rigidity and thus destabilization of a display device or projection wall.
- a change in the geometry of a layer arrangement which has a layer containing the active material and a flexible layer (which, for example, has a passive material)
- a change in the geometry of a layer arrangement which has a layer containing the active material and a flexible layer (which, for example, has a passive material)
- a change in the geometry of a layer arrangement which has a layer containing the active material and a flexible layer (which, for example, has a passive material)
- a reduction in the flexural rigidity of a flexible display device or a rollable projection screen containing the layer arrangement can be achieved.
- the change in geometry can consist, for example, in a transition from a curved, for example corrugated (for example corrugated sheet-metal) structure of the layer arrangement to a planar structure of the layer arrangement.
- the layer arrangement can have a curved (for example corrugated, for example corrugated sheet-like structure) without applied non-mechanical stimulation, and can assume a planar structure by applying the non-mechanical stimulation.
- the display device or the projection wall can change from an originally more rigid state to a less rigid state.
- the display device or projection wall can, for example, transition from an originally rigid state to a flexible (bendable) state. In the less rigid state, the display device or projection screen can be rolled up, for example.
- Example 1 is a flexible display device comprising: a flexible sheet; at least one layer arranged on at least one of two opposite sides of the flexible layer for stabilizing at least one geometric configuration of the flexible layer, the at least one layer comprising an active material which is reversibly mechanically deformable by non-mechanical stimulation; and means configured to apply at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material.
- the flexible display device according to example 1 can optionally be set up such that the active material is a material that expands or contracts, for example isotropically expands or contracts, when the at least one non-mechanical stimulation is applied.
- the flexible display device according to example 1 or 2 can optionally be set up in such a way that a flexural rigidity of the at least one layer is changed, in particular increased, by the mechanical deformation of the active material.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up such that a flexural rigidity of the at least one layer when the active material is not deformed is approximately equal to a flexural rigidity of the flexible layer.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up such that the active material has at least one of the following materials: a hydrogel, an electroactive polymer, a piezoelectric or electrostrictive material (for example a piezoceramic material or a Piezo polymer), a polymer composite material, a shape memory material (for example a shape memory alloy or a shape memory polymer).
- the flexible display device according to one of examples 1 to 5 can optionally be set up such that the at least one non-mechanical stimulation has electrical stimulation, thermal stimulation, stimulation by light and / or chemical stimulation.
- the flexible display device according to one of examples 1 to 6 can optionally be set up in such a way that the at least one layer is only arranged on one of the two opposite sides of the flexible layer.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up in such a way that the at least one layer has a plurality of partial layers that are separate from one another.
- the flexible display device according to example 8 can optionally be set up such that the device is set up to apply a first non-mechanical stimulation to a first sublayer of the plurality of sublayers and a second non-mechanical stimulation to a second sublayer of the plurality of sublayers.
- the flexible display device according to example 9 can optionally be set up in such a way that the first non-mechanical stimulation and the second non-mechanical stimulation differ from one another in at least one property.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up such that the at least one layer has a first layer, which is arranged on one of the two opposite sides of the flexible layer, and a second layer, which is arranged on the other of the two opposite sides of the flexible layer is arranged.
- the flexible display device according to example 11 can optionally be set up in such a way that the first layer and the second layer each have a plurality of partial layers that are separate from one another.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up such that the device is set up to apply a first non-mechanical stimulation to a first sub-layer of the plurality of sub-layers of the first layer and a second non-mechanical stimulation to a second sub-layer of the plurality of sub-layers of the first layer.
- the flexible display device according to example 13 can optionally be set up such that the first non-mechanical stimulation and the second non-mechanical stimulation differ from one another in at least one property.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up such that the device is set up to apply a first non-mechanical stimulation to a first sub-layer of the plurality of sub-layers of the second layer and a second non-mechanical stimulation to a second sub-layer of the plurality of sub-layers of the second layer.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up such that the first non-mechanical stimulation applied to the first partial layer of the plurality of partial layers of the second layer and the second non-mechanical stimulation applied to the second partial layer of the plurality of partial layers of the second layer differentiate non-mechanical stimulation from one another in at least one property.
- the flexible display device according to one of examples 1 to 16 can optionally be set up as a rollable display device or a foldable display device.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up in such a way that the at least one layer is designed such that, when the active material is deformed, the flexible layer and the at least one layer have a wave shape.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up such that the at least one geometric configuration of the flexible layer has at least one of the following configurations: a planar configuration; a configuration having at least one curved portion; a configuration with at least one angled section.
- the flexible display device according to one of examples 1 to 19 can optionally be set up such that the at least one geometric configuration of the flexible layer has at least one of the following configurations: a rolled-up configuration; a folded configuration.
- the flexible display device according to one of examples 1 to 20 can optionally be configured as: a liquid crystal display device; a plasma display device; a light emitting diode (LED) display device; an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device; or an electrophoresis display device.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up such that it furthermore has a display layer for displaying an image and a compensation layer arranged between the display layer and the flexible layer for reducing or preventing a mechanical deformation of the display layer caused by the mechanical deformation of the at least one layer.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up in such a way that the flexible layer is a display layer for displaying an image or that the flexible display device furthermore is arranged on or above the flexible layer Display layer for displaying an image, and that the flexible display device furthermore has an electronic compensation circuit for compensating for an image error caused by the mechanical deformation of the at least one layer in an image displayed by the display layer.
- Example 24 is an electronic device comprising a flexible display device according to any one of Examples 1 to 23, wherein the electronic device is configured as: a television; a mobile phone; an electronic computing device; data glasses; or an e-paper.
- Example 25 is a method for stabilizing at least one geometric configuration of a flexible display device, the method comprising: in at least one geometric configuration of the flexible display device, applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to an active material of at least one layer which is attached to at least one of two opposite sides of a flexible layer of the display device is arranged, wherein the non-mechanical stimulation causes a mechanical deformation of the active material, such that a flexural rigidity of the flexible display device is changed.
- the method according to example 25 can optionally be set up in such a way that the mechanical deformation of the active material causes an increase in the flexural rigidity of the flexible display device.
- Example 27 is a rollable projection screen comprising: a rollable sheet; at least one layer arranged on at least one of two opposite sides of the rollable layer for stabilizing a rolled-out configuration of the rollable layer, the at least one layer comprising an active material which is mechanically deformable by non-mechanical stimulation; and means configured to apply at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material.
- the rollable projection screen according to example 27 can optionally be set up in such a way that it also has a device for rolling the rollable layer in and out.
- Example 29 is a method for stabilizing a rolled-out configuration of a rollable projection screen, the method comprising: in a rolled-out configuration of the rollable projection screen, applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to an active material of at least one layer which is on at least one of two opposite sides of a rollable layer the rollable projection screen is arranged, wherein the non-mechanical stimulation causes a mechanical deformation of the active material, such that a flexural rigidity of the rollable projection screen is changed.
- the method according to example 29 can optionally be set up in such a way that the mechanical deformation of the active material causes an increase in the flexural rigidity of the rollable projection screen.
- Example 31 is a flexible display device comprising: a flexible sheet; at least one layer arranged on at least one of two opposite sides of the flexible layer for stabilizing at least one geometric configuration of the flexible layer, the at least one layer having an active material which is reversibly mechanically deformable by non-mechanical stimulation, and a flexural rigidity of the flexible display
- the device is reduced when the non-mechanical stimulation is applied to the active material due to a change in geometry of the flexible layer and of the at least one layer resulting from the mechanical deformation of the active material; and means configured to apply at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material.
- the flexible display device can optionally be set up in such a way that the at least one layer is designed such that, when the active material is not deformed, the flexible layer and the at least one layer have a curved shape, for example a wave shape, exhibit.
- the flexible display device according to example 31 or example 32 can optionally be set up in such a way that the at least one layer is formed such that, when the active material is deformed, the flexible layer and the at least one layer have a planar shape.
- the flexible display device according to one of examples 31 to 33 can optionally be set up such that the active material comprises at least one of the following materials: a hydrogel, an electroactive polymer, a piezoelectric or electrostrictive material (for example a piezoceramic material or a Piezo polymer), a polymer composite material, a shape memory material (for example a shape memory alloy or a shape memory polymer).
- Example 35 is a method for reducing the flexural rigidity of a flexible display device, the method comprising: applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to an active material of at least one layer of the flexible display device, which is on at least one of two opposite sides of a flexible layer of the flexible Display device is arranged, wherein the non-mechanical stimulation causes a mechanical deformation of the active material, such that a bending stiffness of the flexible display device is reduced due to a change in geometry of the flexible layer and the at least one layer resulting from the mechanical deformation of the active material.
- the method according to example 35 can optionally be set up such that the mechanical deformation of the active material caused by the non-mechanical stimulation of the active material causes a transition from a curved shape, for example a wave shape, the flexible layer and the at least one layer to a causes the planar shape of the flexible layer and the at least one layer.
- the method according to one of examples 35 to 36 can optionally be set up such that the active material comprises at least one of the following materials: a hydrogel, an electroactive polymer, a piezoelectric or electrostrictive material (for example a piezoceramic material or a piezopolymer), a polymer composite, a shape memory material (e.g., a shape memory alloy or a shape memory polymer).
- a hydrogel an electroactive polymer
- a piezoelectric or electrostrictive material for example a piezoceramic material or a piezopolymer
- a polymer composite for example a polymer composite
- a shape memory material e.g., a shape memory alloy or a shape memory polymer.
- Example 38 is a rollable projection screen comprising: a rollable sheet; at least one layer arranged on at least one of two opposite sides of the rollable layer to stabilize a rolled-out configuration of the rollable layer, the at least one layer having an active material which is reversibly mechanically deformable by non-mechanical stimulation, and a flexural rigidity of the rollable projection screen when it is put on the non-mechanical stimulation to the active material due to a change in geometry of the rollable layer and of the at least one layer resulting from the mechanical deformation of the active material is reduced; and means configured to apply at least one non-mechanical stimulation to the active material.
- the rollable projection screen according to example 38 can optionally be set up in such a way that the at least one layer is designed such that, when the active material is not deformed, the rollable layer and the at least one layer have a curved shape, for example a wave shape.
- the rollable projection screen according to example 38 or example 39 can optionally be set up in such a way that the at least one layer is designed such that, when the active material is deformed, the rollable layer and the at least one layer have a planar shape.
- the rollable projection screen according to one of examples 39 to 40 can optionally be set up in such a way that the active material comprises at least one of the following materials: a hydrogel, an electroactive polymer, a piezoelectric or electrostrictive material (for example a piezoceramic material or a piezopolymer) , a polymer composite, a shape memory material (e.g., a shape memory alloy or a shape memory polymer).
- Example 42 is a method for reducing the flexural rigidity of a rollable projection screen, the method comprising: applying at least one non-mechanical stimulation to an active material of at least one layer of the rollable projection screen which is arranged on at least one of two opposite sides of a rollable layer of the rollable projection screen, wherein the non-mechanical stimulation causes a mechanical deformation of the active material in such a way that, due to a change in geometry of the rollable layer and the at least one layer resulting from the mechanical deformation of the active material, a bending stiffness of the rollable projection screen is reduced.
- the method according to example 42 can optionally be set up such that the mechanical deformation of the active material caused by the non-mechanical stimulation of the active material causes a transition from a curved shape, for example a wave shape, the rollable layer and the at least one layer to a causes the planar shape of the rollable layer and the at least one layer.
- a curved shape for example a wave shape
- the method according to one of examples 42 to 43 can optionally be set up such that the active material comprises at least one of the following materials: a hydrogel, an electroactive polymer, a piezoelectric or electrostrictive material (for example a piezoceramic material or a piezopolymer), a polymer composite, a shape memory material (e.g., a shape memory alloy or a shape memory polymer).
- a hydrogel an electroactive polymer
- a piezoelectric or electrostrictive material for example a piezoceramic material or a piezopolymer
- a polymer composite for example a polymer composite
- a shape memory material e.g., a shape memory alloy or a shape memory polymer.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020112725.1A DE102020112725A1 (de) | 2020-05-11 | 2020-05-11 | Flexible display-vorrichtung, verfahren zum stabilisieren mindestens einer geometrischen konfiguration einer flexiblen display-vorrichtung, rollbare projektionswand, und verfahren zum stabilisieren einer ausgerollten konfiguration einer rollbaren projektionswand |
| PCT/EP2021/061097 WO2021228549A1 (de) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-04-28 | Flexible display-vorrichtung, verfahren zum stabilisieren mindestens einer geometrischen konfiguration einer flexiblen display-vorrichtung, rollbare projektionswand, und verfahren zum stabilisieren einer ausgerollten konfiguration einer rollbaren projektionswand |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4150403A1 true EP4150403A1 (de) | 2023-03-22 |
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Family Applications (1)
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| EP21723658.7A Pending EP4150403A1 (de) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-04-28 | Flexible display-vorrichtung, verfahren zum stabilisieren mindestens einer geometrischen konfiguration einer flexiblen display-vorrichtung, rollbare projektionswand, und verfahren zum stabilisieren einer ausgerollten konfiguration einer rollbaren projektionswand |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP4150403A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020112725A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021228549A1 (de) |
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| CN114296310B (zh) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-24 | 深圳市光科全息技术有限公司 | 柔性幕布及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO1997009841A2 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1997-03-13 | New Transducers Limited | Greetings or the like card |
| US7392876B2 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2008-07-01 | General Motors Corporation | Hood assembly utilizing active materials based mechanisms |
| DE102004032223A1 (de) | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-19 | Siemens Ag | Audiovisuelle Anordnung |
| US8953327B1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2015-02-10 | iBlaidZ, Inc. | Self-winding membrane device |
| EP3175440B1 (de) | 2014-07-30 | 2023-03-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Anzeige mit formverändernder trägerplatte |
| EP3041059B1 (de) | 2014-12-31 | 2019-09-11 | LG Display Co., Ltd. | Vielschichtaktuator und anzeigevorrichtung die diesen beinhaltet |
| DE102016119906B4 (de) * | 2016-10-19 | 2025-12-31 | Pictiva Displays International Limited | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer optoelektronischen Vorrichtung |
| EP3540796A1 (de) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-18 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Aktorvorrichtung auf basis eines elektroaktiven materials |
| CN110580859A (zh) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-17 | 刘燕庭 | 可卷曲显示屏的支撑基板、可卷曲显示装置及电子设备 |
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- 2021-04-28 EP EP21723658.7A patent/EP4150403A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| DE102020112725A1 (de) | 2021-11-11 |
| WO2021228549A1 (de) | 2021-11-18 |
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