EP4148171A1 - Reinforcement structure for component, component comprising the reinforcement structure, and method for producing the reinforcement structure and method for producing the component - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an armor structure for components. The reinforcement structure comprises a multi-layer fabric with at least one first fabric layer, which is designed as a first ring-shaped element, at least one second fabric layer, which is designed as a second ring-shaped element, and at least one between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer arranged and partially with the at least one first fabric layer and with the at least one second fabric layer woven third fabric layer, which is at least partially in the form of webs, via which the first ring-shaped element and the second ring-shaped element are connected to one another, the webs not having a joint. In addition, the present invention also relates to a component which includes the reinforcement structure according to the invention and a matrix in which the reinforcement structure is embedded. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the reinforcement structure according to the invention and also a method for producing the component according to the invention.

Description

The present invention relates to an armor structure for components. The reinforcement structure comprises a multi-layer fabric with at least one first fabric layer, which is designed as a first ring-shaped element, at least one second fabric layer, which is designed as a second ring-shaped element, and at least one between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer arranged and partially with the at least one first fabric layer and with the at least one second fabric layer woven third fabric layer, which is at least partially in the form of webs, via which the first ring-shaped element and the second ring-shaped element are connected to one another, the webs not having a joint. In addition, the present invention also relates to a component which includes the reinforcement structure according to the invention and a matrix in which the reinforcement structure is embedded. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the reinforcement structure according to the invention and also a method for producing the component according to the invention.

Various designs are known in the literature, according to the principle of which fan wheels can be manufactured (differential and integral design). With the integral design, the fan wheel is manufactured in one piece (complex shape). The fan wheel produced in this way does not have any joints, which results in high performance. However, the production is very costly and time-consuming. The differential construction is based on a mass production of individual parts of a geometry. In this case, the blades have to be subsequently joined to the cover and carrier disk. The resulting joints (at least 2 per blade) represent weak points or potential damage points, which result in stress peaks in the material during operation. This leads to a reduction in the service life of a fan wheel and to low performance or a limitation of the maximum performance due to a reduced peripheral speed, which results in lower efficiency.

Furthermore, with regard to fiber-reinforced materials, the composite construction can be mentioned separately as part of the differential construction. A reinforcement component is used here, e.g. fibers in a textile preform. The composite construction is currently still associated with high assembly costs, since the blades are subsequently joined (e.g. by sewing). The peripheral speed can be increased due to the lightweight character, but is limited by the joints at the same time.

There is also the overall lightweight aspect, which is very important for fan wheels. A load-oriented use of material leads to a weight reduction. As a result, the peripheral speed can be increased, since the centripetal forces that occur decrease linearly with the reduced mass of the part, resulting in less stress in the material.

The construction partly depends on the materials used, not every material can be processed with every technology. Various methods are briefly described below that can currently be used to manufacture fan wheels.

5-axis milling (CNC) - integral design

Fan wheels can be milled out of one piece using 5-axis milling. The method has a very high material consumption and is also very time-consuming.

Casting, injection molding, hot isostatic pressing - integral design

When casting (metal), injection molding (plastic) or hot isostatic pressing (ceramic), tools with many undercuts are required for the production of fan wheels, which makes the tool very complex. A new tool is required for each size of fan wheel. The acquisition costs for tools are very expensive, especially in this complexity. The introduction of textile cut fibers to increase strength is possible with some processes, but the relatively short fibers cannot be optimally aligned according to the flow of forces in the component, so that their strength potential cannot be fully utilized. Satisfactory solutions for a near-net shape, load-optimized solution with textile reinforcement are currently not available.

3D printing - integral construction

When 3D printing with metal or plastic, only very small quantities can be produced. Depending on how high the filling content is, the more stability the structure has. If the fan wheel is only made of plastic, it can only be used for a low temperature range. The process is not suitable for mass production and is also time-consuming.

Sheet metal / metal processing industry - differential construction

Methods are common in which the blades and the carrier and cover disks are manufactured separately. Standard production processes can be used here. The metal sheets are then assembled and connected, for example by means of welding, caulking or lapping, depending on the material used. Every joint here is a potential point of failure.

Winding technology - differential construction

The textile manufacturing process of winding is one way of producing a textile reinforcement structure for a fan wheel. A fan wheel is known in which the blades are segments of a coiled tube (see Raether F., "Systematically developing sustainable heat treatment processes", final report of the EnerTHERM project, 1st ed., Frankfurt am Main, VDMA Verlag, 2018). The carrier and cover disk consists of a laminate of 2D fabrics (wet prepreg). After sintering, the laminates are further processed mechanically. The discs are provided with slots into which the blades are inserted with a precise fit. The joining takes place with a glass solder. In addition to the form-fitting connection, a material-fitting connection can also be created. In the joint area, however, the porosity is higher than in the other areas, which means that the joints remain weak points.

Fiber reinforced impeller with fabric - differential construction

In the DE 101 04 170 A1 describes the production of a fiber-reinforced fan wheel. This is a fibre-reinforced plastic component and meets the criteria of lightweight construction, such as low weight and the use of material only in the required areas. The reinforcement structure of the fan wheel is made up of many individual pieces that have to be joined together. The large number of joints that occur here make the manufacturing process very complex in terms of costs and time. With this procedure, the webs or blades themselves are already joined. A web or a blade is composed of two individual parts that are joined together, preferably sewn. These individual blade segments are then further processed into sub-segments. A fan wheel is therefore made up of several sub-segments sewn together. That in the DE 101 04 170 A1 The fan wheel described thus has a total of more than twenty joints. In addition, another fabric panel is sewn on the upper and lower side for stabilization. The manufacturing effort and thus the susceptibility to errors are enormously high with this approach.

Proceeding from this, it was the object of the present invention to provide a reinforcement structure for a component that can be produced in a simple and time-saving manner and leads to higher performance and durability of the component.

This object is achieved with regard to a reinforcement structure having the features of patent claim 1, relating to a component having the features of patent claim 6, relating to a method for producing a reinforcement structure having the features of patent claim 8 and relating to a method for producing a component having the features of patent claim 13 solved. In claim 15 uses of the component are specified. The respective dependent patent claims represent advantageous developments.

According to the invention, a reinforcement structure for components is thus provided. The reinforcement structure comprises a multi-layer fabric with at least a first fabric layer, which is designed as a first ring-shaped element, at least a second fabric layer, which is designed as a second ring-shaped element, and at least one arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer and partially (or in some areas) connected to the at least one first fabric layer and with the at least one second fabric layer woven (i.e. connected or woven by the fabric) third fabric layer, which is at least partially (or partially) in the form of webs, over which the first ring-shaped element and the second ring-shaped Element are connected to each other, wherein the webs (each) have no joint (or the at least one third fabric layer in the area of the webs has no joint).

The reinforcement structure according to the invention comprises a multi-layer fabric which has at least three fabric plies, namely at least a first fabric ply, at least a second fabric ply and at least a third fabric ply. The at least one third fabric layer is arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer. In addition, the at least one third fabric layer is woven (i.e. connected or woven through the fabric) both partially or in certain areas with the at least one first fabric layer and partially or in certain areas with the at least one second fabric layer. Due to the weaving of the fabric layers only partially or in certain areas, the multi-layer fabric can also be referred to as a 2.5D multi-layer structure. This can be in the form of a planar structure and can be in the form of a structure erected (or rotated) in the third dimension, with the planar structure and the structure erected in the third dimension being convertible into one another, preferably multiple times or as often as desired.

The first ring-shaped element can also be referred to, for example, as a cover disk (or as a carrier disk). The second ring-shaped element can also be referred to, for example, as a carrier disk (or as a cover disk). The at least one first fabric layer can, for example, also be referred to as at least one upper fabric layer (or as at least one lower fabric layer). The at least one second fabric layer can, for example, also be used as at least one lower fabric layer (or as at least one upper fabric layer). The at least one third fabric layer can also be referred to as at least one middle fabric layer, for example.

The multi-layer fabric initially has one or more first fabric layers, which are designed as a first ring-shaped element. For example, the multi-layer fabric can only have a first fabric layer, which is designed as a first ring-shaped element. Alternatively, the multi-layer fabric can also have a plurality of first fabric layers (overlying one another) which are formed together as a first ring-shaped element. If the multi-layer fabric has several first fabric layers, these several first fabric layers (or at least a part of these several first fabric layers) are preferably woven together (through the fabric), particularly preferably completely woven together (through the fabric). In this case, preferably only the first fabric layers that are adjacent to one another (or those that are in each case directly next to one another) are woven together, preferably completely woven together.

In addition, the multi-layer fabric has one or more second fabric layers, which are designed as a second ring-shaped element. For example, the multi-layer fabric can have only a second fabric layer, which is designed as a second ring-shaped element. Alternatively, the multi-layer fabric can also have a plurality of second fabric layers (overlying one another) which are formed together as a second ring-shaped element. In the event that the multi-layer fabric has several second fabric layers, these several second fabric layers (or at least a part of these several second fabric layers) are preferably woven together (through the fabric), particularly preferably completely woven together (through the fabric). In this case, preferably only the second fabric layers that are respectively adjacent to one another (or those that are in each case directly next to one another) are woven with one another, preferably completely woven with one another.

Furthermore, the multi-layer fabric has one or more third fabric layers. As a result, the webs can each have one or more layers of fabric exhibit. For example, the multi-layer fabric can have only a third fabric layer, which is designed at least in some areas in the form of webs. Alternatively, the multi-layer fabric can also have, for example, a plurality of third fabric layers (located one on top of the other) which are designed at least in regions in the form of webs, with each of the webs then having a plurality of fabric layers. If the multi-layer fabric has several third fabric layers, these several third fabric layers are preferably woven together (through the fabric), particularly preferably completely woven together (through the fabric). In this case, preferably only the third fabric layers that are respectively adjacent to one another (or the third fabric layers that are in each case directly next to one another) are woven together, preferably completely woven together.

According to the invention, the webs (each) have no joint. A joint can be understood to mean a point at which two or more parts of one or more fabric layers are not connected by fabric per se but are joined together (by an additional joining process).

The third fabric layer(s) is/are arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer. Alternatively, it is possible for the third fabric layer(s) to be arranged on the outside of the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer. In addition, the third fabric layer(s) is/are woven both partially or in regions with the at least one first fabric layer and also partially or in regions with the at least one second fabric layer. One or more areas or parts of the at least one third fabric layer can be woven with one or more areas or parts of the at least one first fabric layer and one or more other areas or other parts of the at least one third fabric layer can be woven with one or more areas or Be woven into parts of the at least one second fabric layer. In the event that the multi-layer fabric has several third fabric layers, it is possible that only one of the several third fabric layers partially or in areas with the at least a first fabric layer is woven and only one (another) of the plurality of third fabric layers is partially or partially woven with the at least one second fabric layer.

If the multi-layer fabric has a plurality of first fabric layers, it is possible for only one of the plurality of first fabric layers to be woven partially or in regions with the at least one third fabric layer. In the event that the multi-layer fabric has a plurality of second fabric plies, it is possible for only one of the plurality of second fabric plies to be woven partially or in regions with the at least one third fabric ply. For example, the multi-layer fabric can have a plurality of first fabric plies, a plurality of second fabric plies and a plurality of third fabric plies. In this case, it is possible that only one of the multiple third fabric layers is partially or partially woven with only one of the multiple first fabric layers and only one (other) of the multiple third fabric layers is partially or partially interwoven with only one of the multiple second fabric layers .

The at least one third fabric layer is partially or partially in the form of webs, via which the first ring-shaped element and the second ring-shaped element are connected to one another. In this case, several areas or parts of the at least one third fabric layer can be designed as such webs. Because the at least one third fabric layer is woven both partially or in areas with the at least one first fabric layer and also partially or in areas with the at least one second fabric layer, there is a (preferably completely woven) connection between the first ring-shaped element and the second ring-shaped element Elements with each other via the webs, which is also present when the structure is set up in the third dimension.

The at least one third fabric layer can have one or more first areas where it is woven with the at least one first fabric layer, can have one or more second areas where it is/are woven with the at least one second fabric layer, and may have a plurality of third portions formed in the form of ridges connecting the first annular member and the second annular member to each other.

The at least one third fabric layer can be subdivided into several (each continuously woven) sections which are preferably not directly connected or not directly connected to one another. These sections preferably each have a first area where the respective section is woven with the at least one first fabric layer (or connected by the fabric), and each have a second area where the respective section is woven with the at least one second fabric layer (or connected by the tissue) and each have a third area (arranged between the first area and the second area) on which the respective section is designed in the form of a web over which the first ring-shaped element and the second ring-shaped elements are connected to each other. As a result, the web (or the third region) can be connected to the first annular element via the first region and connected to the second annular element via the second region. In each of the sections, the respective third area is connected to the respective first area and the respective second area by the fabric, i.e. the sections are each woven continuously and have no joints. Preferably, the said sections into which the at least one third fabric layer is subdivided are separated from one another by severed floating threads.

The reinforcement structure according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that it comprises a multi-layer fabric with a plurality of fabric layers that are woven together in some areas or partially, and the at least one third fabric layer, which is located between the at least one first and the at least one second fabric layer, partially with the at least one first fabric layer and is woven with the at least one second fabric layer and is at least partially designed in the form of webs that have no joint. Because the at least one third fabric layer is partially woven with the at least one first fabric layer and with the at least one second fabric layer, and the webs themselves are not Having a joint, the complete connection between the first ring-shaped element with the second ring-shaped element can take place via the webs without a joint. As a result, the reinforcement structure according to the invention can have significantly fewer joints than the reinforcement structures produced by means of differential construction known in the prior art. For example, the reinforcement structure according to the invention can have only two joints or no joints at all. The reinforcement structure according to the invention can thus serve as a reinforcement structure for a (three-dimensional) component such as a fan wheel, and due to the presence of significantly fewer joints it also has significantly fewer weak points in its structure than reinforcement structures produced previously in the prior art by means of differential construction. As a result, by using the reinforcement structure according to the invention in a component, a higher performance and durability of the component can also be achieved than by using reinforcement structures previously produced in the prior art by means of differential construction.

Furthermore, due to the fact that it is based on a multi-layer fabric, the reinforcement structure according to the invention can be produced in a simpler and more time-saving manner than reinforcement structures previously produced in the prior art by means of an integral construction. Furthermore, due to the fact that it is based on a multi-layer fabric, the reinforcement structure according to the invention has a lightweight character, which means that a component reinforced with it can be used more efficiently in various application areas (energy, economy in production and operation, resources).

With the reinforcement structure according to the invention, a reduction in the number of joints can be achieved, which leads to fewer weak points in a component reinforced by the reinforcement structure. Thus (due to the fabric structure) there is a direct connection of the webs (e.g. impeller blades) without joints to the first and second ring-shaped element (or to the cover and carrier disc), which avoids stress peaks in a component reinforced by the reinforcement structure . In addition a load-bearing lightweight construction can be achieved, since a targeted use of material is possible where necessary. Furthermore, a saving of material and time can be achieved, which can be attributed to a great reduction in the manufacturing effort and the possibility of automating some process steps during manufacture.

As a result, with the reinforcement structure according to the invention, a reinforcement structure for a component is provided which can be produced in a simple and time-saving manner and leads to a higher performance and durability of the component.

Preferably, the webs are each woven continuously.

The reinforcement structure according to the invention preferably has a rotationally symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical basic shape, for example a wheel-shaped basic shape. The reinforcement structure according to the invention is preferably a reinforcement structure for a component with a rotationally symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical basic shape, eg with a wheel-shaped basic shape. The reinforcement structure according to the invention particularly preferably has a rotationally symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical basic shape, e.g. a wheel-shaped basic shape, and the reinforcement structure according to the invention is a reinforcement structure for a component with a rotationally symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical basic shape, e.g. with a wheel-shaped basic shape. The fact that the reinforcing structure has a rotationally symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical basic shape (or wheel-shaped basic shape) can be understood to mean that only the basic shape of the reinforcing structure is rotationally symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical, but the reinforcing structure itself (e.g. due to irregularly woven or protruding threads, due to an asymmetrical weave structure, or due to asymmetrically arranged joints) is not completely rotationally symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical. The fact that the component has a rotationally symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical basic shape can be understood to mean that only the basic shape of the component is rotationally symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical, but the component itself (e.g. due to an asymmetrical structure, or due to asymmetrically arranged joints) is not completely rotationally symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical.

The reinforcement structure according to the invention preferably has a wheel-shaped basic shape. The reinforcement structure according to the invention is preferably a reinforcement structure for a component with a wheel-shaped basic shape. The reinforcement structure according to the invention particularly preferably has a wheel-shaped basic shape and the reinforcement structure according to the invention is a reinforcement structure for a component with a wheel-shaped basic shape.

The reinforcement structure according to the invention is preferably a (essentially) rotationally symmetrical reinforcement structure and/or a reinforcement structure for a (essentially) rotationally symmetrical component. The reinforcement structure according to the invention is preferably a wheel-shaped reinforcement structure and/or a reinforcement structure for a wheel-shaped, rotationally symmetrical component.

The webs are preferably arranged at regular intervals (along a running direction or circumferential direction of the reinforcement structure).

• die mindestens eine dritte Gewebelage durchtrennte flottierende Fäden aufweist, und/oder
• die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage und die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage
  • (jeweils) keine Fügestelle aufweisen, oder
  • (jeweils) eine Anzahl an Fügestellen aufweisen, die geringer ist als die Anzahl der Stege, bevorzugt (jeweils) maximal zwei Fügestellen aufweisen, besonders bevorzugt (jeweils) maximal eine Fügestelle aufweisen.

A preferred embodiment of the reinforcement structure according to the invention is characterized in that

• the at least one third fabric layer has severed floating threads, and/or
• the at least one first layer of fabric and the at least one second layer of fabric
  • (each) have no joint, or
  • (each) have a number of joints that is less than the number of webs, preferably (each) have a maximum of two joints, particularly preferably (each) have a maximum of one joint.

Preferably, the (entire) at least one third fabric layer (each) no joint.

The fewer joints the reinforcement structure has, the fewer weak points or potential damage points it has and the higher the performance and durability of the component reinforced with the reinforcement structure. According to the invention, the webs have no joints or the at least one third fabric layer has no joints in the area of the webs. For example, the entire at least one third fabric layer can also have no joints. Furthermore, for example, the at least one first fabric layer may not have a joint and the at least one second fabric layer may not have a joint. Alternatively, it is also possible that the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer each have only a small number of joints, e.g. each have a maximum of two joints or each have a maximum of one joint.

Very particularly preferably, the reinforcement structure according to the invention has no joints or (at most) two joints.

It is preferred that the at least one third fabric layer has severed--preferably cut open--floating threads (or floating thread sections). “Severed” can be understood here to mean that the floating threads (or floating thread sections) are each completely severed at at least one point. For example, the at least one third fabric layer can be divided into a number of sections which are preferably not directly connected or not directly connected to one another. In this case, the said sections into which the at least one third fabric layer is divided are preferably separated from one another by the severed floating threads. The severed (or cut open) floating threads are preferably warp threads of the at least one third fabric layer.

Preferably, the fact that the at least one third fabric layer is severed--preferably cut open--floating threads (or floating Thread sections) has, the setting up (or untwisting) of the reinforcement structure are made possible in the third dimension. It is thus possible that during the production of the reinforcement structure the at least one third fabric layer is returned via the floating threads from the at least one second fabric layer to the at least one first fabric layer (after the at least one third fabric layer has been woven with the at least one first fabric layer, then in guided in the form of woven webs to the at least one second fabric layer, and then woven with the at least one second fabric layer). In the event that these floating threads are located on the part of the fabric during production that ultimately serves as the reinforcement structure, severing, preferably cutting open, the floating threads can allow the reinforcement structure to be set up or untwisted into the third dimension become. However, it is also possible (e.g. in the case of a fabric with a linear thread course, in particular a jacquard fabric) that the said floating threads of the at least one third fabric layer are located on a part of the fabric during production that lies outside of the part of the fabric that is End serves as the reinforcement structure, ie the areas with the floating threads are completely cut away during manufacture and are therefore no longer present in the reinforcement structure produced. In this case, the at least one third fabric layer of the reinforcement structure would have no floating threads and therefore no floating threads that were severed or cut open (or floating thread sections). Nevertheless, this reinforcement structure could be set up (or turned up) in the third dimension.

A further preferred embodiment of the reinforcement structure according to the invention is characterized in that the multi-layer fabric comprises or consists of fibers which are preferably selected from the group consisting of glass fibers; carbon fibers; basalt fibers; Ceramic fibers, preferably Al ₂ O ₃ fibers, mullite fibers, SiC fibers; metal fibers; Polymer fibres, preferably polyamide fibres, for example aramid fibres, polyethylene terephthalate fibres, polypropylene fibres, polyethylene fibres, polyacrylonitrile fibres, polyether ether ketone fibres; and mixtures thereof. Polymer fibers can be particularly easy to process due to their mechanical properties (brittleness, strength, etc.).

• streifenförmig oder schaufelförmig sind, und/oder
• gerade oder gekrümmt verlaufen, und/oder
• in einer Laufrichtung (bzw. Umfangsrichtung) der ersten und zweiten Gewebelage geneigt sind,
• mindestens vier Stege, bevorzugt mindestens acht Stege, umfassen.

A further preferred embodiment of the reinforcement structure according to the invention is characterized in that the webs

• are strip-shaped or shovel-shaped, and/or
• straight or curved, and/or
• are inclined in a running direction (or circumferential direction) of the first and second fabric layer,
• at least four webs, preferably at least eight webs.

In terms of binding, it is possible to create backward-curved, straight and backward-sloping straight webs (e.g. impeller blades) in the fabric. In the case of components (eg fan wheels) with forward-curved webs (eg impellers), a significantly higher web density (eg blade density) is often necessary. This means that the number of layers should be much higher. A weaving machine should therefore be precisely matched to this in order to be able to guarantee sufficient warp thread density in the individual layers. The length of the webs (eg blade length) is preferably the same at all points (on the inside or outside diameter). The conical trigger is responsible for the fact that the binding of the webs (e.g. blades) to the first ring-shaped element (e.g. carrier disk) is more pronounced than the binding of the webs (e.g. blades) to the second ring-shaped element (e.g. cover disk) or vice versa. The design of the connection areas is designed in such a way that the web length (e.g. blade length) is constant over the entire width. In the case of straight webs, straight webs inclined backwards, and webs curved backwards (eg blades), at least three shuttles are required when using a shuttle weaving machine with which the reinforcement structure can be produced, for example. If the number of webs (e.g. number of blades) is increased and at the same time the distance between the webs (e.g. blade spacing) is reduced, additional shuttles are required. At least four shuttles are used for forward-curved webs (e.g. blades), since two shuttles are used here when connecting and tying off pages must be worked. The number of possible webs (e.g. impeller blades) depends on the weaving machine (thread count). The strength and stability of the individual layers depends on the warp thread density and the fabric weave, e.g. angle interlock or orthogonal weaves increase stability. At least six shafts are necessary for the formation of an impeller in a dobby weaving machine. A jacquard weaving machine is preferable because the profiling of the blades can be worked out more precisely. The size of the impeller depends on the geometry of the conical goods take-off. The number of scoops could be increased on a weaving machine.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the webs have a width that is at least as large as the width of the at least one first fabric layer and/or the at least one second fabric layer. In particular when the web is curved, the width of the web can be wider than the width of the at least one first fabric layer and/or the at least one second fabric layer. The web should not protrude on the inner and outer edge of the at least one first fabric layer and/or the at least one second fabric layer, but due to the curvature of the web it can still be wider than the at least one first fabric layer and/or the at least one second fabric layer . The same applies if the webs are not curved but inclined.

Preferably, the multi-layer fabric is a radial weave or a linear weave (e.g., a jacquard) weave. A woven fabric with a linear thread course can be understood to mean a woven fabric in which the warp threads are aligned in the 0° direction. The weft threads can be aligned in a 90° direction. In contrast to this, a radial fabric has a radial thread course, which means that the warp threads are not aligned in the 0° direction. In a fabric with a linear thread course, the warp threads therefore run linearly or straight and not bent or radially.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the reinforcement structure according to the invention, the multi-layer fabric is a radial fabric, wherein the at least one first fabric layer has at least one joint, preferably one or two joints, particularly preferably (precisely) one joint, via which one end of the at least one first fabric layer is connected to a further end of the at least one first fabric layer, and the at least one second Fabric layer has at least one joint, preferably one or two joints, particularly preferably (precisely) one joint, via which one end of the at least one second fabric layer is connected to a further end of the at least one second fabric layer. For example, the at least one first fabric layer can have a maximum of eight, preferably a maximum of four, joints and/or the at least one second fabric layer can have a maximum of eight, preferably a maximum of four, joints.

By designing the reinforcement structure as a radial fabric, high costs or high expenditure of energy and materials during production can be avoided. In addition, the occurrence of potential weak points caused by joining is minimized. The number of joints can preferably be reduced to a total of two (one joint in the at least one first fabric layer and one joint in the at least one second fabric layer). The (preferably rotationally symmetrical) fabric structure contains webs that can act as impeller blades. The webs are (due to the fabric structure) firmly incorporated into the cover and carrier disk. In terms of binding technology, the strength of the connection of the webs (e.g. blades) can be adjusted. There is no subsequent joining process for the webs (e.g. impeller blades). Since it is a radial fabric, the fibers are also in the direction of the load. This brings further advantages in terms of the achievable performance.

Preferably, the multi-layer fabric is a radial fabric comprising one or more radially woven sections, each comprising a section of the at least one first fabric layer, a section of the at least one second fabric layer and a section of the at least one third fabric layer, each section of the at least one first Fabric layer and each portion of the at least one second fabric layer has a first end and a second end, wherein the at least one first fabric layer has one or more joints via which two of the ends of the sections of the at least one first fabric layer are connected to one another, and wherein the at least one second fabric layer has one or more joints via which two of the ends of the sections of the at least one second Fabric layer are connected to each other.

Another preferred embodiment of the reinforcement structure according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one joint of the at least one first fabric layer and/or the at least one joint of the at least one second fabric layer is a woven joint, a textile hinge, an anchor belt connector, a material connection, preferably by welding or gluing, a form-fitting connection, preferably by riveting or sewing, or a material and form-fitting connection, preferably by a combination of gluing and riveting.

The open fabric ends (or the ends of the at least one first fabric layer and the ends of the at least one second fabric layer) can be connected to one another in different ways. Preferred versions are:

Woven joints:

• For example, the ends (or the threads of the ends) can be woven together: ends of the two fabrics are placed together and woven together. The former warp threads are now weft threads. "New" warp threads are inserted perpendicular to the "old" ones.
• For example, semicircles can be woven and the ends (or the threads of the ends) can be woven together directly: The reinforcement structure (e.g. the fan wheel) is woven in half. The number of layers is doubled.

Textile hinge:

At least one woven pocket can be inserted into the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer as a conclusion be woven through which a pin is pushed.

Anchor strap connector

In this case, straps can be introduced into the fabric ends (i.e. into the ends of the at least one first fabric layer and into the ends of the at least one second fabric layer). The respective two ends may be assembled (like a zipper) with the straps. For this purpose, a rod can be pushed through the straps in the middle in order to connect the respective two ends or straps.

Material connection

For example, there can be a material connection by gluing and/or welding.

Positive-locking connection

For example, there can be a positive connection by riveting and/or sewing. A sewing technique may have been used for sewing, for example: overlapping layers and sewing them together, or dividing layers at the ends, nesting individual layers and sewing them together.

Material and form-fitting connection

For example, there can be a material and form-fitting connection through a combination of gluing and riveting.

A further preferred embodiment of the reinforcement structure according to the invention is characterized in that the multi-layer fabric is a fabric with a linear thread guide, preferably a Jacquard fabric, which has no joints. A woven fabric with a linear thread course can be understood to mean a woven fabric in which the warp threads are aligned in the 0° direction. The weft threads can be aligned in a 90° direction. In contrast to this, a radial fabric has a radial thread course, which means that the warp threads are not aligned in the 0° direction. In a fabric with a linear thread course, the warp threads therefore run linearly or straight and not bent or radially.

The woven fabric with linear thread guidance can be produced, for example, by using a weaving machine (without a conical take-off—fiber orientation in the 0° and 90° direction), preferably a jacquard weaving machine. The multi-layer fabric is at least three layers. The middle layer can be connected again and again to the upper and lower layer, whereby webs (e.g. blades) are formed. The webs can be formed directly in the weaving process and are therefore not joined. Due to the fact that the multi-layer fabric is a fabric with a linear thread guide, it can be produced particularly cost-effectively since, depending on the machine size and the number of repeats, several components can be produced at the same time. In addition, there are no weak points caused by joining, since the fabric with linear thread guidance has no joining point.

The present invention also relates to a component (or fiber composite component) comprising a reinforcement structure according to the invention and a matrix in which the reinforcement structure is embedded.

A preferred embodiment of the component according to the invention is characterized in that the matrix contains or consists of a material which is selected from the group consisting of metals, ceramics, polymers (e.g. epoxy resin) and mixtures thereof.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the component according to the invention, the component is a wheel, preferably a fan wheel.

1. a) ein planes Mehrlagengewebe mit mindestens einer ersten Gewebelage, mindestens einer zweiten Gewebelage und mindestens einer zwischen der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage angeordneten dritten Gewebelage gewebt wird, wobei die mindestens eine dritte Gewebelage teilweise (bzw. bereichsweise) mit der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und mit der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage verwebt wird und zumindest bereichsweise (bzw. teilweise) in Form von Stegen gewebt wird, über die die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage und die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage miteinander verbunden werden, und
2. b) die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage als ein erstes ringförmiges Element (1) ausgebildet wird und die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage als ein zweites ringförmiges Element (2) ausgebildet wird.

The present invention further relates to a method for producing a reinforcement structure according to the invention, in which

1. a) a flat multi-layer fabric is woven with at least one first fabric layer, at least one second fabric layer and at least one third fabric layer arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer, the at least one third fabric layer being partially (or in some areas) connected to the at least one first fabric layer and is woven with the at least one second fabric layer and is woven at least in regions (or partially) in the form of webs, via which the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer are connected to one another, and
2. b) the at least one first fabric layer is designed as a first ring-shaped element (1) and the at least one second fabric layer is designed as a second ring-shaped element (2).

In step a), the at least one third fabric layer can preferably be woven in such a way that it has a plurality of sections, the at least one third fabric layer in each of the sections first being woven with the at least one first fabric layer for a part of the section, and then for a further one Part of the section is further woven in the form of a web and is thereby guided to the at least one second fabric layer and then for a further part of the section is woven with the at least one second fabric layer, with preferably the at least one third fabric layer then (in each of the sections) for one further part of the section is returned in the form of floating threads to the at least one first fabric layer, where the next of the plurality of sections then begins.

Preferably, the webs are each woven continuously.

• (mehrere) flottierende Fäden (oder flottierende Fadenabschnitte) der mindestens einen dritten Gewebelage durchtrennt - vorzugsweise aufgeschnitten -werden, wobei dies vorzugsweise zwischen Schritt a) und b), während Schritt b) und/oder nach Schritt b) erfolgt, und/oder
• das plane Mehrlagengewebe in eine dreidimensionale Struktur aufgestellt (oder aufgedreht) wird, wobei dies vorzugsweise zwischen Schritt a) und b), während Schritt b) und/oder nach Schritt b) erfolgt.

A preferred variant of the method according to the invention is characterized in that

• (several) floating threads (or floating thread sections) of the at least one third fabric layer are severed--preferably cut open--this preferably taking place between step a) and b), during step b) and/or after step b), and/or
• the planar multi-layer fabric is set up (or untwisted) into a three-dimensional structure, this preferably taking place between steps a) and b), during step b) and/or after step b).

It is particularly preferred that initially (several) floating threads (or floating thread sections) of the at least one third fabric layer are severed - preferably cut open - and then the planar multi-layer fabric is erected (or untwisted) into a three-dimensional structure, this (i.e. the severing and erecting) preferably between steps a) and b), while Step b) and/or after step b).

Preferably, the fact that (several) floating threads (or floating thread sections) of the at least one third fabric layer are severed--preferably cut open--can enable the reinforcement structure to be set up (or untwisted) into the third dimension. It is thus possible that during the production of the reinforcement structure the at least one third fabric layer is returned via the floating threads from the at least one second fabric layer to the at least one first fabric layer (after the at least one third fabric layer has been woven with the at least one first fabric layer, then in guided in the form of woven webs to the at least one second fabric layer, and then woven with the at least one second fabric layer). In the event that these floating threads are located on the part of the fabric during production that ultimately serves as the reinforcement structure, severing, preferably cutting open, the floating threads can allow the reinforcement structure to be set up or untwisted into the third dimension become. However, it is also possible (e.g. in the case of a fabric with linear thread guidance, in particular a jacquard fabric) that the said floating threads of the at least one third fabric layer are located during production on a part of the fabric that lies outside of the part of the fabric that is End serves as the reinforcement structure, ie the areas with the floating threads are completely cut away during manufacture and are therefore no longer present in the reinforcement structure produced. In this case, the at least one third fabric layer of the manufactured reinforcement structure obtained after such cutting away would no longer have any floating threads and therefore no floating threads would be severed in the process either. Nevertheless, this reinforcement structure can be set up (or rotated) into the third dimension.

According to a further preferred variant of the method according to the invention, the planar multi-layer fabric is woven from fibers which are preferably selected from the group consisting of glass fibers; carbon fibers; basalt fibers; Ceramic fibers, preferably Al ₂ O ₃ fibers, mullite fibers, SiC fibers; metal fibers; Polymer fibres, preferably polyamide fibres, for example aramid fibres, polyethylene terephthalate fibres, polypropylene fibres, polyethylene fibres, polyacrylonitrile fibres, polyether ether ketone fibres; and mixtures thereof.

The planar multi-layer fabric woven in step a) is preferably a radial fabric or a fabric with a linear yarn guide, e.g. a Jacquard fabric.

• in Schritt a) ein planes mehrlagiges Radialgewebe mit mindestens einer ersten Gewebelage, mindestens einer zweiten Gewebelage und mindestens einer zwischen der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage angeordneten dritten Gewebelage gewebt wird, wobei die mindestens eine dritte Gewebelage teilweise (bzw. bereichsweise) mit der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und mit der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage verwebt wird und zumindest bereichsweise (bzw. teilweise) in Form von Stegen gewebt wird, über die die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage und die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage miteinander verbunden werden, und
• in Schritt b) ein Ende der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage mit einem weiteren Ende der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage durch einen Fügeprozess verbunden wird und dabei die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage als das erste ringförmige Element ausgebildet wird und ein Ende der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage mit einem weiteren Ende der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage durch einen Fügeprozess verbunden wird und dabei die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage als das zweite ringförmige Element ausgebildet wird.

A further preferred variant of the method according to the invention is characterized in that

• in step a), a planar multi-layer radial fabric is woven with at least one first fabric layer, at least one second fabric layer and at least one third fabric layer arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer, the at least one third fabric layer being partially (or in some areas ) is woven with the at least one first fabric layer and with the at least one second fabric layer and is woven at least in certain areas (or partially) in the form of webs, via which the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer are connected to one another, and
• in step b) one end of the at least one first fabric layer is connected to a further end of the at least one first fabric layer by a joining process and the at least one first fabric layer is formed as the first ring-shaped element and one end of the at least one second fabric layer is formed to a further one End of the at least one second fabric layer is connected by a joining process and the at least one second fabric layer is formed as the second annular element.

By designing the reinforcement structure as a radial fabric, high costs or high expenditure of energy and materials during production can be avoided. In addition, the occurrence of potential weak points caused by joining is minimized. The (preferably rotationally symmetrical) fabric structure contains webs that can act as impeller blades. The webs are (due to the fabric structure) firmly incorporated into the cover and carrier disk. In terms of binding technology, the strength of the connection of the webs (e.g. blades) can be adjusted. There is no subsequent joining process for the webs (e.g. impeller blades). Floating threads can preferably be severed (preferably cut open) during production (preferably at each web) in order to be able to erect the reinforcement structure (e.g. the impeller). The fabric can be made endless and then cut to the appropriate length. The fabric ends must be joined in the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer. The number of joints can preferably be reduced to a total of two (one joint in the at least one first fabric layer and one joint in the at least one second fabric layer). Since it is a radial fabric, the fibers are also in the direction of the load. This brings further advantages in terms of the achievable performance. There is also the option of directly weaving a carrier disc. To do this, the trigger must be designed in such a way that a very small inner diameter can be implemented.

The at least one first fabric layer and/or the at least one second fabric layer and/or the at least one third fabric layer is/are preferably radially woven.

• in Schritt a) ein oder mehrere plane mehrlagige radial gewebte Abschnitte mit jeweils mindestens einer ersten Gewebelage, mindestens einer zweiten Gewebelage und mindestens einer zwischen der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage angeordneten dritten Gewebelage gewebt werden, wobei jeweils die mindestens eine dritte Gewebelage zumindest bereichsweise in Form von Stegen gewebt wird, über die die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage und die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage miteinander verbunden werden, und
• in Schritt b) der eine plane mehrlagige radial gewebte Abschnitt bzw. die mehreren planen mehrlagigen radial gewebten Abschnitte zu einem Radialgewebe zusammengefügt werden, indem Enden der ersten Gewebelage des radial gewebten Abschnitts bzw. der ersten Gewebelagen der radial gewebten Abschnitte durch einen Fügeprozess verbunden werden und dabei die erste Gewebelage des radial gewebten Abschnitts bzw. die ersten Gewebelagen der radial gewebten Abschnitte als das erste ringförmige Element ausgebildet wird/werden und indem Enden der zweiten Gewebelage des radial gewebten Abschnitts bzw. der zweiten Gewebelagen der radial gewebten Abschnitte durch einen Fügeprozess verbunden werden und die zweite Gewebelage des radial gewebten Abschnitts bzw. die zweiten Gewebelagen der radial gewebten Abschnitte als das zweite ringförmige Element ausgebildet wird/werden.

A further preferred variant of the method according to the invention is characterized in that

• in step a) one or more planar multi-layer radially woven sections are woven, each with at least one first fabric layer, at least one second fabric layer and at least one third fabric layer arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer, with the at least one third Fabric layer is at least partially woven in the form of webs over which the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer are joined together, and
• in step b) the one planar multi-layer radially woven section or the several planar multi-layer radially woven sections are joined to form a radial fabric by connecting ends of the first fabric layer of the radially woven section or of the first fabric layers of the radially woven sections by a joining process and the first fabric layer of the radially woven section or the first fabric layers of the radially woven sections is/are formed as the first annular element and by ends of the second fabric layer of the radially woven section or the second fabric layers of the radially woven sections being connected by a joining process and the second ply of fabric of the radially woven portion or plies of fabric of the radially woven portions is/are formed as the second annular member.

According to a further preferred variant of the method according to the invention, the joining process is selected from the group consisting of weaving; forming a textile hinge; forming an anchor strap connector; Forming a material connection, preferably welding, gluing; forming a positive connection, preferably riveting, sewing; and forming a material and form-fitting connection, preferably a combination of gluing and riveting.

The open fabric ends (or the ends of the at least one first fabric layer and the ends of the at least one second fabric layer) can be connected to one another in different ways. Preferred variants are:

Woven joints:

• For example, the ends can be woven together: ends of the two fabrics are placed together and woven together. The former warp threads become weft threads. "New" warp threads are inserted perpendicular to the "old".
• For example, semicircles can be woven and the ends woven together directly: The reinforcement structure (e.g. the fan wheel) is woven in half. The number of layers doubles.

Textile hinge:

At least one woven pocket can be woven into the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer as a closure, through which a pin is pushed.

Anchor strap connector

Here, straps can be introduced into the fabric ends (i.e. into the ends of the at least one first fabric layer and into the ends of the at least one second fabric layer). The respective two ends can be put together with the straps (like a zipper). For this purpose, a rod can be pushed through the straps in the middle in order to connect the two ends or straps.

Material connection

For example, an integral connection can be achieved by gluing and/or welding.

Positive-locking connection

For example, a positive connection can be achieved by riveting and/or sewing. A sewing technique can be used for sewing, for example: overlapping layers and sewing them together, or splitting layers at the ends, nesting individual layers and sewing them together.

Material and form-fitting connection

For example, a material and form-fitting connection can be achieved by a combination of gluing and riveting.

• in Schritt a) ein planes mehrlagiges Gewebe mit linearer Fadenführung (z.B. ein Jacquardgewebe) gewebt wird, welches mindestens eine erste Gewebelage, mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage und mindestens eine zwischen der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage angeordnete dritte Gewebelage aufweist, wobei die mindestens eine dritte Gewebelage teilweise (bzw. bereichsweise) mit der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und mit der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage verwebt wird und zumindest bereichsweise (bzw. teilsweise) in Form von Stegen gewebt wird, über die die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage und die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage miteinander verbunden werden, und
• in Schritt b) das plane mehrlagige Gewebe mit linearerer Fadenführung (z.B. Jacquardgewebe) (ringförmig) zugeschnitten wird und dabei die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage als das erste ringförmige Element ausgebildet wird und die mindestens eine zweiten Gewebelage als das zweite ringförmige Element ausgebildet wird.

A further preferred variant of the method according to the invention is characterized in that

• in step a) a flat multi-layer fabric with linear thread guidance (e.g. a Jacquard fabric) is woven, which has at least one first fabric layer, at least one second fabric layer and at least one third fabric layer arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer, wherein the at least one third fabric layer is partially (or partially) woven with the at least one first fabric layer and with the at least one second fabric layer and is woven at least partially (or partially) in the form of webs, over which the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second layer of fabric is connected to one another, and
• in step b) the planar multi-layer fabric is cut (ring-shaped) with linear thread guidance (e.g. Jacquard fabric) and the at least one first fabric layer is formed as the first ring-shaped element and the at least one second fabric layer is formed as the second ring-shaped element.

The planar, multi-layer fabric with linear thread guidance can preferably be produced by using a weaving machine (without a conical take-off—fiber orientation in the 0° and 90° direction), preferably a jacquard weaving machine. The multi-layer fabric produced has at least three layers. The middle layer can always connect to the upper and lower layer and thus forms webs (e.g. blades). The webs are formed directly in the weaving process and do not have to be joined. The connection and binding areas can also be designed in such a way that the web length (eg blade length) is constant over the entire width of the ring. The connection and binding areas are determined via geometric relationships. With this variant, the setting of the fabric thickness depends on the thread density in the warp and weft directions. The fabric thickness can be controlled via the fabric weave and the weft thread density. The advantage of this variant (ie the production of the multi-layer fabric as a fabric with linear thread guidance) is that, depending on the machine size and the number of repeats, several components can be produced at the same time. The focus here is on profitability. Finally, the woven structures have to be cut out of the fabric.

• eine Armierungsstruktur mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Armierungsstruktur hergestellt wird, oder
• eine erfindungsgemäße Armierungsstruktur bereitgestellt wird,

und danach eine Matrix hergestellt wird, in welche die Armierungsstruktur eingebettet ist.The present invention also relates to a method for producing a component (or fiber composite component), in which initially

• a reinforcement structure is produced using the method according to the invention for the production of a reinforcement structure, or
• a reinforcement structure according to the invention is provided,

and thereafter a matrix is produced in which the reinforcement structure is embedded.

• durch Infiltrieren der Armierungsstruktur mit mindestens einem Material, vorzugsweise mindestens einem Metall oder mindestens einem Polymer (z.B. einem Polymer ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Epoxidharzen, ungesättigten Polyesterharzen, Melaminharzen, sowie Mischungen hiervon), oder
• durch Infiltrieren der Armierungsstruktur mit einem Schlicker (bzw. Keramik-Schlicker) und ein anschließendes Sintern der infiltrierten Armierungsstruktur erfolgt, oder
• durch Gasphasenabscheidung, vorzugsweise chemische Gasphaseninfiltration (CVI = chemical vapour infiltration),

erfolgt.A preferred method according to the invention is characterized in that the production of the matrix

• by infiltrating the reinforcement structure with at least one material, preferably at least one metal or at least one polymer (eg a polymer selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, melamine resins and mixtures thereof), or
• by infiltrating the reinforcement structure with a slip (or ceramic slip) and subsequent sintering of the infiltrated reinforcement structure, or
• by vapor deposition, preferably chemical vapor infiltration (CVI)

he follows.

A preferred variant according to the invention provides that the matrix is produced by infiltration with at least one resin or resin system. Here, the reinforcement structure is infiltrated with a resin system, which comprises a resin and a hardener added to the resin to harden the resin. In this case, the resin is preferably selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, melamine resins and mixtures thereof.

The present invention also relates to the use of the component according to the invention as a fan wheel in fans, preferably hot gas fans, centrifugal fans; ventilation systems; air conditioners; or wind turbines, preferably small wind turbines.

The present invention also relates to the following aspects:

aspect 1

Reinforcement structure for components, comprising a multi-layer fabric with at least one first fabric layer, which is designed as a first ring-shaped element (1), at least one second fabric layer, which is designed as a second ring-shaped element (2), and at least one between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer and partially woven with the at least one first fabric layer and with the at least one second fabric layer third fabric layer, which is at least partially in the form of webs (3) via which the first ring-shaped element and the second ring-shaped element are connected to one another are connected, the webs (3) having no joint.

aspect 2

• jeweils keine Fügestelle aufweisen, oder
• jeweils eine Anzahl an Fügestellen aufweisen, die geringer ist als die Anzahl der Stege, bevorzugt jeweils maximal zwei Fügestellen aufweisen, besonders bevorzugt jeweils maximal eine Fügestelle aufweisen.

Reinforcement structure according to the preceding aspect, characterized in that the at least one third fabric layer has severed floating threads and/or that the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer

• each have no joint, or
• each have a number of joints that is less than the number of webs, preferably each having a maximum of two joints, particularly preferably each having a maximum of one joint.

aspect 3

Reinforcement structure according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the multi-layer fabric comprises or consists of fibers which are selected from the group consisting of glass fibres; carbon fibers; basalt fibers; Ceramic fibers, preferably Al ₂ O ₃ fibers, mullite fibers, SiC fibers; metal fibers; Polymer fibres, preferably polyamide fibres, for example aramid fibres, polyethylene terephthalate fibres, polypropylene fibres, polyethylene fibres, polyacrylonitrile fibres, polyether ether ketone fibres; and mixtures thereof.

aspect 4

• streifenförmig oder schaufelförmig sind, und/oder
• gerade oder gekrümmt verlaufen, und/oder
• in einer Laufrichtung der ersten und zweiten Gewebelage geneigt sind,
• mindestens vier Stege, bevorzugt mindestens acht Stege, umfassen.

Reinforcement structure according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the webs (3)

• are strip-shaped or shovel-shaped, and/or
• straight or curved, and/or
• are inclined in a running direction of the first and second fabric layers,
• at least four webs, preferably at least eight webs.

aspect 5

Reinforcement structure according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the multi-layer fabric is a radial fabric, wherein the at least one first fabric layer has at least one joint via which one end of the at least one first fabric layer is connected to a further end of the at least one first fabric layer, and the at least one second fabric layer has at least one joint via which one end of the at least one second fabric layer is connected to a further end of the at least one second fabric layer.

aspect 6

Reinforcement structure according to aspect 5, characterized in that the at least one joint of the at least one first fabric layer and/or the at least one joint of the at least one second fabric layer is a woven joint, a textile hinge, an anchor belt connector, an integral connection, preferably by welding or gluing, an interlocking connection, preferably by riveting or sewing, or an integral and interlocking connection, preferably by a combination of gluing and riveting.

aspect 7

Reinforcement structure according to one of aspects 1 to 4, characterized in that the multi-layer fabric is a fabric with a linear thread path which has no joints.

aspect 8

Component comprising a reinforcement structure according to one of the preceding aspects, and a matrix in which the reinforcement structure is embedded.

aspect 9

Component according to aspect 8, characterized in that the matrix contains or consists of a material which is selected from the group consisting of metals, ceramics, polymers and mixtures thereof.

aspect 10

Component according to aspect 8 or 9, characterized in that the component is a wheel, preferably a fan wheel.

aspect 11

1. a) ein planes Mehrlagengewebe mit mindestens einer ersten Gewebelage, mindestens einer zweiten Gewebelage und mindestens einer zwischen der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage angeordneten dritten Gewebelage gewebt wird, wobei die mindestens eine dritte Gewebelage teilweise mit der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und mit der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage verwebt wird und zumindest bereichsweise in Form von Stegen (3) gewebt wird, über die die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage und die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage miteinander verbunden werden, und
2. b) die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage als ein erstes ringförmiges Element (1) ausgebildet wird und die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage als ein zweites ringförmiges Element (2) ausgebildet wird.

A method for producing an armor structure according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, in which

1. a) a flat multi-layer fabric is woven with at least one first fabric layer, at least one second fabric layer and at least one third fabric layer arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer, wherein the at least one third fabric layer is partially connected to the at least one first fabric layer and is woven with the at least one second fabric layer and is woven at least in regions in the form of webs (3) via which the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer are connected to one another, and
2. b) the at least one first fabric layer is formed as a first ring-shaped element (1) and the at least one second fabric layer as a second annular element (2) is formed.

aspect 12

• flottierende Fäden der mindestens einen dritten Gewebelage durchtrennt werden, und/oder
• das plane Mehrlagengewebe in eine dreidimensionale Struktur aufgestellt wird.

Method according to aspect 11, characterized in that

• floating threads of the at least one third fabric layer are severed, and/or
• the flat multi-layer fabric is set up in a three-dimensional structure.

aspect 13

The method of aspect 11 or 12, characterized in that the planar multi-layer fabric is woven from fibers selected from the group consisting of glass fibers; carbon fibers; basalt fibers; Ceramic fibers, preferably Al ₂ O ₃ fibers, mullite fibers, SiC fibers; metal fibers; Polymer fibres, preferably polyamide fibres, for example aramid fibres, polyethylene terephthalate fibres, polypropylene fibres, polyethylene fibres, polyacrylonitrile fibres, polyether ether ketone fibres; and mixtures thereof.

aspect 14

• in Schritt a) ein planes mehrlagiges Radialgewebe mit mindestens einer ersten Gewebelage, mindestens einer zweiten Gewebelage und mindestens einer zwischen der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage angeordneten dritten Gewebelage gewebt wird, wobei die mindestens eine dritte Gewebelage teilweise mit der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und mit der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage verwebt wird und zumindest bereichsweise in Form von Stegen (3) gewebt wird, über die die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage und die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage miteinander verbunden werden, und
• in Schritt b) ein Ende der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage mit einem weiteren Ende der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage durch einen Fügeprozess verbunden wird und dabei die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage als das erste ringförmige Element (1) ausgebildet wird und ein Ende der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage mit einem weiteren Ende der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage durch einen Fügeprozess verbunden wird und dabei die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage als das zweite ringförmige Element (2) ausgebildet wird.

Method according to one of aspects 11 to 13, characterized in that

• in step a) a planar multi-layer radial fabric is woven with at least one first fabric layer, at least one second fabric layer and at least one third fabric layer arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer, wherein the at least one third fabric layer is partially connected to the at least one first fabric layer and is woven with the at least one second fabric layer and is woven at least in regions in the form of webs (3) via which the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer are connected to one another, and
• in step b) one end of the at least one first fabric layer is connected to a further end of the at least one first fabric layer by a joining process and the at least one first fabric layer as the first ring-shaped element (1) is formed and one end of the at least one second fabric layer is connected to a further end of the at least one second fabric layer by a joining process, and the at least one second fabric layer is formed as the second ring-shaped element (2).

aspect 15

Method according to aspect 14, characterized in that the joining process is selected from the group consisting of weaving; forming a textile hinge; forming an anchor strap connector; Forming a material connection, preferably welding, gluing; forming a positive connection, preferably riveting, sewing; and forming a material and form-fitting connection, preferably a combination of gluing and riveting.

aspect 16

• in Schritt a) ein planes mehrlagiges Gewebe mit linearem Fadenverlauf gewebt wird, welches mindestens eine erste Gewebelage, mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage und mindestens eine zwischen der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage angeordnete dritte Gewebelage aufweist, wobei die mindestens eine dritte Gewebelage teilweise mit der mindestens einen ersten Gewebelage und mit der mindestens einen zweiten Gewebelage verwebt wird und zumindest bereichsweise in Form von Stegen (3) gewebt wird, über die die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage und die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage miteinander verbunden werden, und
• in Schritt b) das plane mehrlagige Gewebe mit linearem Fadenverlauf zugeschnitten wird und dabei die mindestens eine erste Gewebelage als das erste ringförmige Element (1) ausgebildet wird und die mindestens eine zweite Gewebelage als das zweite ringförmige Element (2) ausgebildet wird.

Method according to one of aspects 11 to 13, characterized in that

• in step a) a flat multi-layer fabric is woven with a linear thread path, which has at least one first fabric layer, at least one second fabric layer and at least one third fabric layer arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer, the at least one third fabric layer is partially woven with the at least one first fabric layer and with the at least one second fabric layer and is woven at least in regions in the form of webs (3), via which the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer are connected to one another, and
• in step b) the planar multi-layer fabric is cut with a linear thread path and the at least one first fabric layer is formed as the first ring-shaped element (1) and the at least one second fabric layer is formed as the second ring-shaped element (2).

aspect 17

Method for producing a component, in which first a reinforcement structure is produced using a method according to one of aspects 11 to 16 or a reinforcement structure is provided according to one of aspects 1 to 6 and then a matrix is produced in which the reinforcement structure is embedded.

aspect 18

• durch Infiltrieren der Armierungsstruktur mit mindestens einem Material, vorzugsweise mindestens einem Metall oder mindestens einem Polymer,
• durch Infiltrieren der Armierungsstruktur mit einem Schlicker und ein anschließendes Sintern der infiltrierten Armierungsstruktur, oder
• durch Gasphasenabscheidung,

erfolgt.Method according to aspect 17, characterized in that the preparation of the matrix

• by infiltrating the reinforcement structure with at least one material, preferably at least one metal or at least one polymer,
• by infiltrating the reinforcement structure with a slip and subsequent sintering of the infiltrated reinforcement structure, or
• by vapor deposition,

he follows.

aspect 19

Use of a component according to one of aspects 8 to 10 as a fan wheel in fans, preferably hot gas fans, radial fans; ventilation systems; air conditioners; or wind turbines, preferably small wind turbines.

The present invention is to be explained in more detail on the basis of the following figures and examples, without restricting it to the specific embodiments and parameters shown here.

1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of the reinforcement structure according to the invention. The reinforcement structure comprises a multi-layer fabric with at least one first fabric layer, which is designed as the first ring-shaped element 1, at least one second fabric layer, which is designed as the second ring-shaped element 2, and at least one between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer and partially woven with the at least one first fabric layer and with the at least one second fabric layer third fabric layer, which has severed floating threads and is partially designed in the form of webs 3, over which the first ring-shaped element 1 and the second ring-shaped Element 2 are interconnected.

2 shows a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the reinforcement structure according to the invention. Here the webs 3 are curved backwards.

In the Figures 3, 4 and 5a to 5h different variants of joints and their production are shown. If the multi-layer fabric of the reinforcement structure according to the invention is a radial fabric, the reinforcement structure has at least two joints (at least one joint in the at least one first fabric layer and at least one joint in the at least one second fabric layer). Two ends of the respective fabric layer are joined to one another at these joints. This joining can be done in different ways.

For example, the joining can take place by forming a textile hinge. At least one woven pocket is woven into the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer as a closure, through which a pin is pushed. A schematic representation of such a textile hinge is in 3 shown.

According to an alternative example, the joining can take place by means of weaving, with different weaving variants being possible here. In an exemplary weaving variant, semicircles are woven and the ends of the fabric layers (or the threads of the ends of the fabric layers) are woven directly together. The procedure for weaving semicircles is in 4 shown schematically. Here, for example, thread end A is woven with thread end D and thread end B is woven with thread end C. The fan wheel is woven in half, the number of layers is doubled. The course of the thread and the exact procedure for this end connection is in Figures 5a to 5h shown. Figure 5a shows a representation of the thread course at the transition between two woven future reinforcement structures, which were woven here endlessly as a radial fabric. The yarns (5, 6) of the backing layer float while the yarns (7, 8) of the top layer are woven together. Figure 5b shows the placement of the cut at the transition between the two future woven reinforcement structures. Figure 5c shows the unfolded reinforcement structure with the ends still protruding. Figure 5d shows the cutting off of the protruding threads in the top layer. Figure 5e shows the folding of the joint in the top layer. Fig. 5f shows the weft threads being pushed open in the carrier layer. Fig. 5g shows the cutting off of the protruding ends. Figure 5h finally shows the finished joint.

Example 1

First, a planar multi-layer radial fabric is woven with a first fabric layer, a second fabric layer and a third fabric layer arranged between the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer. Here, the third fabric layer is partially woven with the first fabric layer and with the second fabric layer, with the third fabric layer also being woven in regions in the form of webs, via which the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer are connected to one another. The radial fabric is woven, for example, using a weaving machine with a conical take-off.

The first fabric layer and the second fabric layer of the woven radial fabric each have a first end and a second end. The third fabric layer of the woven radial fabric has floating yarns. A schematic representation of a portion of the woven radial fabric is shown in Figures 6a and 6b shown. There, the floating threads are marked with arrows.

The floating threads of the third layer of fabric are severed. Thereafter, the first end of the first fabric layer is connected to the second end of the first fabric layer by a joining process, for example by weaving together and thereby forming the first fabric layer as a first annular member. In addition, the first end of the second fabric layer is connected to the second end of the second fabric layer by a joining process, for example by weaving together, and the second fabric layer is formed as a second ring-shaped element. The multi-layer fabric can then be set up (or untwisted) into a three-dimensional structure.

Example 2

First, a flat multi-layer fabric is woven with a linear (0°) yarn guide, which fabric has a first fabric layer, a second fabric layer and a third fabric layer arranged between the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer. Here, the third fabric layer is partially woven with the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer, with the third fabric layer also being woven in regions in the form of webs, via which the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer are connected to one another. The weaving of the fabric with linear thread guidance takes place, for example, on a weaving machine with linear (0°) warp threads, e.g. a Jacquard weaving machine.

The manufactured fabric with more linear thread guidance is cut (ring-shaped) and the fabric layer is formed as a first ring-shaped element and the second fabric layer is formed as a second ring-shaped element. By cutting to size, floating threads of the third fabric layer can be cut away if they are not arranged on the part of the fabric that belongs to the finished reinforcement structure. Should floating threads of the third fabric layer be arranged on the part of the fabric that belongs to the finished reinforcement structure, these floating threads of the third fabric layer are severed. The multi-layer fabric can then be set up in a three-dimensional structure.

Example 3

The reinforcement structure obtained in exemplary embodiment 1 is infiltrated with an epoxy resin and a hardener added to the epoxy resin to harden the epoxy resin and then hardened at room temperature. A component with an epoxy resin matrix is obtained, in which the reinforcement structure is embedded.

Example 4

The reinforcement structure obtained in exemplary embodiment 2 is infiltrated with an epoxy resin and a hardener added to the epoxy resin to harden the epoxy resin and then over-hardened. A component with an epoxy resin matrix is obtained, in which the reinforcement structure is embedded.

Claims (15)

Reinforcement structure for components, comprising a multi-layer fabric with at least one first fabric layer, which is designed as a first ring-shaped element (1), at least one second fabric layer, which is designed as a second ring-shaped element (2), and at least one between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer and partially woven with the at least one first fabric layer and with the at least one second fabric layer third fabric layer, which is at least partially in the form of webs (3) via which the first ring-shaped element and the second ring-shaped element are connected to one another are connected, the webs (3) having no joint. Reinforcement structure according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one third fabric layer has severed floating threads and/or that the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer - each have no joint, or each have a number of joints that is less than the number of webs, preferably each having a maximum of two joints, particularly preferably each having a maximum of one joint. Reinforcement structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multi-layer fabric comprises or consists of fibers which are selected from the group consisting of glass fibres; carbon fibers; basalt fibers; Ceramic fibers, preferably Al ₂ O ₃ fibers, mullite fibers, SiC fibers; metal fibers; polymer fibers, preferably polyamide fibers, for example aramid fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyethylene fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyetheretherketone fibers; and mixtures thereof. Reinforcement structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the webs (3) - are strip-shaped or shovel-shaped, and/or - straight or curved, and/or - are inclined in a running direction of the first and second fabric layer, and/or - At least four webs, preferably at least eight webs include. Reinforcement structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multi-layer fabric - is a radial fabric, wherein the at least one first fabric layer has at least one joint via which one end of the at least one first fabric layer is connected to a further end of the at least one first fabric layer, and the at least one second fabric layer has at least one joint via which one end of the at least one second fabric layer is connected to another end of the at least one second fabric layer,
wherein the at least one joint of the at least one first fabric layer and/or the at least one joint of the at least one second fabric layer is preferably a woven joint, a textile hinge, an anchor-belt connector, an integral connection, preferably by Welding or gluing to create a positive connection, preferably by riveting or sewing, or to create a material and form-fitting connection, preferably through a combination of gluing and riveting,
or - Is a fabric with a linear thread course, which has no joint. Component comprising a reinforcement structure according to one of the preceding claims, and a matrix in which the reinforcement structure is embedded. Component according to Claim 6, characterized in that - the matrix contains or consists of a material selected from the group consisting of metals, ceramics, polymers and mixtures thereof,
and or - The component is a wheel, preferably a fan wheel. A method of manufacturing a reinforcing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a) a flat multi-layer fabric is woven with at least one first fabric layer, at least one second fabric layer and at least one third fabric layer arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer, wherein the at least one third fabric layer is partially connected to the at least one first fabric layer and is woven with the at least one second fabric layer and is woven at least in regions in the form of webs (3) via which the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer are connected to one another, and b) the at least one first fabric layer is designed as a first ring-shaped element (1) and the at least one second fabric layer is designed as a second ring-shaped element (2). Method according to claim 8, characterized in that - Floating threads of the at least one third fabric layer are severed, and/or - the plane multi-layer fabric is set up in a three-dimensional structure. The method of claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the planar multi-layer fabric is woven from fibers selected from the group consisting of glass fibers; carbon fibers; basalt fibers; Ceramic fibers, preferably Al ₂ O ₃ fibers, mullite fibers, SiC fibers; metal fibers; Polymer fibres, preferably polyamide fibres, for example aramid fibres, polyethylene terephthalate fibres, polypropylene fibres, polyethylene fibres, polyacrylonitrile fibres, polyether ether ketone fibres; and mixtures thereof. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that in step a) a planar multi-layer radial fabric is woven with at least one first fabric layer, at least one second fabric layer and at least one third fabric layer arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer, wherein the at least one third fabric layer is partially connected to the at least one first fabric layer and is woven with the at least one second fabric layer and is woven at least in regions in the form of webs (3) via which the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer are connected to one another, and in step b) one end of the at least one first fabric layer is connected to a further end of the at least one first fabric layer by a joining process and the at least one first fabric layer is formed as the first ring-shaped element (1) and one end of the at least one second fabric layer is connected to a further end of the at least one second fabric layer by a joining process and the at least one second fabric layer is formed as the second ring-shaped element (2), wherein the joining process is preferably selected from the group consisting of weaving; forming a textile hinge; forming an anchor strap connector; Forming a material connection, preferably welding, gluing; forming a positive connection, preferably riveting, sewing; and forming a material and form-fitting connection, preferably a combination of gluing and riveting. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that in step a) a flat multi-layer fabric is woven with a linear thread path, which has at least one first fabric layer, at least one second fabric layer and at least one third fabric layer arranged between the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer, the at least one third fabric layer is partially woven with the at least one first fabric layer and with the at least one second fabric layer and is woven at least in regions in the form of webs (3), via which the at least one first fabric layer and the at least one second fabric layer are connected to one another, and in step b) the planar, multi-ply fabric is cut with a linear thread path and the at least one first fabric ply is formed as the first annular element (1) and the at least one second fabric layer is formed as the second annular element (2). Method for producing a component, in which first a reinforcement structure is produced using a method according to one of claims 8 to 12 or a reinforcement structure is provided according to one of claims 1 to 5 and then a matrix is produced in which the reinforcement structure is embedded. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the production of the matrix - by infiltrating the reinforcement structure with at least one material, preferably at least one metal or at least one polymer, - by infiltrating the reinforcement structure with a slip and subsequent sintering of the infiltrated reinforcement structure, or - by vapor deposition, he follows. Use of a component according to claim 6 or 7 as a fan wheel in fans, preferably hot gas fans, radial fans; ventilation systems; air conditioners; or wind turbines, preferably small wind turbines.

Images