Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
  • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
  • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
  • G01S3/16—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived sequentially from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics or from an antenna system having periodically-varied orientation of directivity characteristic
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
  • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
  • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
  • G01S3/28—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
  • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
  • G01S5/0252—Radio frequency fingerprinting
  • G01S5/02521—Radio frequency fingerprinting using a radio-map

Definitions

• TITLE Method for geolocation of user equipment, device, user equipment, base station, system and corresponding computer program.
• the present invention belongs to the general field of telecommunications. It relates more particularly to a wireless communication network and to a method for locating a user of terminal equipment in such a telecommunications network.
• a widely used technique relies on signals broadcast by satellites orbiting the Earth.
• the best known system is the GPS system (for “Global Positioning System”).
• Each satellite sends signals indicating its position in space as well as the time and date of emission of said signals.
• a GPS receiver on board a user's terminal receives these signals, then calculates the travel time of each signal between the transmitting satellite and the receiver, and finally deduces, by trilateration, its position, in latitude, longitude and altitude, on the globe.
• data received from four satellites must be compiled: three for position and one for synchronization.
• a user's terminal whether on land, sea or in the air, can know its position at any time and in any place on the surface or in the vicinity of the surface of the Earth, as long as it is equipped with a receiver and the software necessary to process the information received.
• the accuracy of the estimate provided by the GPS with respect to its actual location depends on the number of satellites visible by the GPS system, which can vary greatly depending on the weather conditions, but for a mobile terminal of the smart phone type (for "smartphone » In English), it can reach 5 to 10 m.
• GPS systems are greedy in terms of resources which can prove to be problematic when they equip battery terminals, such as mobile phones. This is precisely the case for user terminal equipment located on vessels navigating at sea.
• the invention responds to this need by proposing a method of geolocation of user equipment located at a given altitude, receiving a plurality of radiofrequency beams transmitted respectively by at least one antenna of a first base station configured to transmit according to at least a first and a second direction of propagation, and by at least one antenna of a second base station configured to transmit in at least a third and a fourth direction of propagation.
• the method uses:
• the first power being associated for the first base station with a radiofrequency beam transmitted in the first direction of propagation and the second power being associated with a beam transmitted in the second direction of propagation
• the first power being associated for the second base station with a radiofrequency beam transmitted in the third direction of propagation and the second power being associated with a beam transmitted in the fourth direction of propagation
• the invention is based on a completely new and inventive approach for geolocating user equipment located at a given altitude and within range of a first and a second base stations (eg connected to one of the base stations ) a radiocommunications network (eg a radiocommunications network conforming to 3GPP standards).
• a radiocommunications network eg a radiocommunications network conforming to 3GPP standards.
• the position of the user equipment is determined from power measurements of different signals transmitted from two base stations capable of transmitting each in two distinct directions of propagation (eg signals transmitted via two sectoral antennas of each station base station, or signals corresponding to different beams of an antenna of the array type of radiating elements equipping each base station).
• signals transmitted via two sectoral antennas of each station base station or signals corresponding to different beams of an antenna of the array type of radiating elements equipping each base station.
• this determination is based on the calculation of information on relative powers from the measured powers.
• Such information is representative of a ratio (when the powers are expressed in natural units) or of a difference (when the powers are expressed in logarithmic units) between the two powers of two given radiofrequency beams.
• the effects of propagation attenuation or "Path Loss” in English
• rapid fading of the propagation channel or “Fast Fading” in English
• occultation or mask effects or “Shadowing” in English
• this type of phenomenon impacts the two radiofrequency beams considered in the same way, these beams being emitted by radiating elements located substantially at the same geographical point of the same base station.
• the invention applies to the geolocation of any type of user equipment provided that it is simultaneously within range of beams transmitted by a first base station respectively a second base station in two distinct directions of propagation and that its altitude is known. It is therefore particularly well suited to the location of ships at sea which may, because the antennas of a land base station are rather turned towards the land, receive only part of the signals transmitted by this base station, such as for example the beams emitted by two of the three antennas of this base station.
• said determination implements, for at least one piece of relative power information given among the relative power information (s), the resolution of an equation whose members are a function, on the one hand, of said calculated relative power information and, on the other hand, of an expected value of said given relative power information, function, for each radiofrequency beam associated with said given relative power information, of the radiation pattern model characterizing the power of said radiofrequency beam associated with said information of given relative power, as a function of the direction of observation of the user equipment by said antenna.
• the position of the user equipment is determined in a simple and robust manner by matching the relative power information (s) calculated from the measured powers with the expected value (s) as predicted by the radiation pattern models of the antennas used.
• the first base station comprises a first sectorial antenna configured to emit radio frequency beams in the first direction of propagation and a second sectorial antenna configured to emit radio frequency beams in the second direction of propagation
• the second base station comprises a first sectorial antenna configured to emit radio frequency beams according to the third direction of propagation and a second sectorial antenna configured to emit radio frequency beams according to the fourth direction of propagation
• said obtaining comprises obtaining of ' a first and a second measured power corresponding respectively to a first radiofrequency beam emitted by the first, respectively the second sectorial antenna of said first, respectively second base station and to a second radiofrequency beam emitted by the first, re spectively the second sectorial antenna of said first, respectively second base station.
• the computation delivers a first, respectively a second piece of relative power information associated with said first and second radiofrequency beams for each base station, and said determination comprises determining an angle representative of a longitude of said user equipment in a frame of the first , respectively from the second base station on the one hand, on the one hand, from said first, respectively from the second relative power information item and on the other hand, from an antenna radiation pattern model characterizing the power, as a function of said angles of longitude and latitude of the user equipment, of said first and second radiofrequency beams.
• An advantage of this embodiment is to obtain quite simply a longitude angle of the user equipment in the coordinate system of each base station.
• M1i dB represents said i-th relative power information expressed in decibels
• ⁇ 3dB represents the opening angle at three decibels of the radiation pattern of each of said first and second antennas in a plane of definition of said angle ⁇ 1i
• ⁇ b i represents the angle of depointing between said first and second antennas of the i-th base station in said definition plane of said angle ⁇ 1i.
• the angle representative of the longitude of the user equipment is determined in a simple and robust manner in the coordinate system of each of the two base stations, when they implement a technology of the SISO type on different coverage sectors.
• said first and second radiofrequency beams are radiated by said first and second antennas of the first base station at a first angle of inclination
• said obtaining comprises obtaining a third measured power corresponding to a third radiofrequency beam emitted by said first antenna of the first base station at a third angle of inclination, distinct from the first angle of inclination
• said calculation delivers a third piece of relative power information, representative of a ratio or of a difference between the third measured power and the first power of the first set of measured powers
• said determination comprises a first determination of an angle representative of a latitude of said user equipment in the reference of the first base station from, on the one hand, said third piece of relative power information and, on the other hand, a antenna radiation pattern model characterizing the power, as a function of said user equipment longitude and latitude angles, of said first, second, and third radio frequency beams from the first base station.
• the angle noted below ⁇ 1 representative of a latitude of the user equipment is determined in a simple and precise manner from the beams emitted by the two antennas of the first base station when they emit radiofrequency beams according to two different tilt angles.
• angle of inclination of the antennas of the second base station can be identical to that of the first.
• M12 dB represents said second relative power information expressed in decibels
• ⁇ 3dB represents the opening angle at three decibels of the radiation pattern of each of said first and second antennas in a plane of definition of said angle ⁇ 11
• ⁇ t1 represents said first angle of inclination
• ⁇ t3 represents said third angle of inclination.
• said determination of a position comprises a second determination of a value of the latitude angle of the user equipment in the coordinate system of the first base station, as a function of a height of the first antenna of the first base station, and the longitude angles of the user equipment in the respective landmarks of the first and second base station and a selection of the value of the angles longitude of the user equipment minimizing an error between the first and second determination of the latitude angle.
• said determination comprises the calculation of the coordinates (x1, y1, z1) of the user equipment in the frame of the first base station from the determined angles of longitude.
• the coordinates (x1, y1, z1) of the user equipment with respect to the first base station are determined in a simple and robust manner, without resorting to characteristics of the second base station, such as for example the height of its antennae.
• the first base station comprises an antenna comprising a matrix of radiating elements, configured to emit radiofrequency beams in at least the first direction of propagation and the second direction of propagation and the second station of base comprises an antenna comprising an array of radiating elements configured to emit radiofrequency beams in at least the third direction of propagation and the fourth direction of propagation and each radiofrequency beam of said plurality of radiofrequency beams is radiated by the array of radiating elements of said first, respectively second base station.
• the method according to the invention also applies in the case of a base station implementing a technology of the MIMO type.
• said equation solving comprises the implementation of a method for numerically solving said at least one equation.
• said resolution implements for said at least one given relative power item of information: obtaining said expected value of said given relative power item of information for a set of observation directions of the user equipment delivering a set of expected values each corresponding to a direction of observation of the user equipment among a plurality of directions of observations; a comparison between, on the one hand, said calculated relative power information item and, on the other hand, each expected value of said set of expected values delivering an observation direction for which the expected value of said given relative power is closest information from calculated relative power; and said position of said user equipment being a function of the direction of observation delivered.
• the possible observation direction corresponds to the expected or theoretical value of relative power information among the expected values of the set of expected values which is closest to the relative power information calculated from the values. measured powers, up to the power measurement imprecision.
• N H represents the number of radiating elements of said array of radiating elements in a horizontal direction
• N v represents the number of radiating elements of said array of radiating elements in a vertical direction
• d v represents the vertical spacing between two radiating elements
• d H represents the horizontal spacing between two radiating elements
• ⁇ represents the length d 'radiofrequency beam wave
• a E ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) represents the radiation pattern of each radiating element of said array of radiating elements; and said determination comprises a first determination of at least two pairs of values of the longitude angle and the latitude angle ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1) of the user equipment in the coordinate system of the first base station from said radiation model, a second determination of at least two pairs of values of the longitude angle and the latitude angle of the user equipment in the frame of the second base station from said radiation model, a third determination of a second value of the user equipment (UE) latitude angle in the coordinate system of the first base station, based on a height of the first base station and the longitude angles of the user equipment in the respective marks of the first and second base station and a selection of the values of the longitude angles of the user equipment minimizing an error between the value of the longitude angle associated with the angle of the titude from the first determination and the second value of the latitude angle from the third determination.
• UE user equipment
• pairs of values of possible angles of longitude and latitude of the user equipment are determined by applying the radiation pattern model of each radiating element of each base station and then the knowledge of the relative position of the elements is used.
• the invention also relates to a computer program product comprising program code instructions for implementing a method of geolocation of a user equipment according to the invention, as described above, when it is executed by a processor.
• the invention also relates to a recording medium readable by a computer on which the computer programs as described above are recorded.
• a recording medium can be any entity or device capable of storing the program.
• the medium may comprise a storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or else a magnetic recording means, for example a USB key or a hard disk.
• such a recording medium can be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which can be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means, so that the program computer it contains can be executed remotely.
• the program according to the invention can in particular be downloaded over a network, for example the Internet network.
• the recording medium can be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the aforementioned geolocation method.
• the invention also relates to a device for geolocation of user equipment receiving a plurality of radiofrequency beams transmitted respectively by at least one antenna of a first base station configured to transmit in at least a first and a second direction of propagation, and by at least one antenna of a second base station configured to transmit in at least a third and a fourth direction of propagation.
• Said device comprises a reprogrammable computing machine or a dedicated computing machine, configured for:
• the first item of relative power information for the first base station and second item of information of relative power for the second base station the first power being associated for the first base station with a radiofrequency beam transmitted in the first direction of propagation and the second power being associated with a beam transmitted in the second direction of propagation, the first power being associated for the second base station with a radiofrequency beam transmitted in the third direction of propagation and the second power being associated with a beam transmitted in the fourth direction of propagation; and - determining a position of said user equipment from, on the one hand, said at least one first and second relative power information and, on the other hand, for each relative power information and for each radiofrequency beam associated with said information of relative power, of an antenna radiation pattern model characterizing the power of said radiofrequency beam associated with said relative power information, as a function of a direction of observation of the user equipment by said antenna.
• said device is configured to implement the method for geolocation of aforementioned user equipment, according to its various embodiments.
• said device can be integrated into equipment of the communication network. It is for example a base station provided with at least two antennas according to a SISO type technology transmitting according to distinct propagation directions or an antenna comprising a matrix of radiating elements according to a MIMO type technology. .
• the geolocation device according to the invention is integrated into user equipment capable of connecting to said communication network.
• the invention finally relates to a system for geolocation of user equipment receiving a plurality of radiofrequency beams transmitted respectively by at least one antenna of a first base station configured to transmit in at least a first and a second direction of propagation. , and by at least one antenna of a second base station configured to transmit in at least a third and a fourth direction of propagation.
• Such a system comprises at least the first and the second base stations and a aforementioned geolocation device.
• the aforementioned geolocation system, the user equipment, the base station, the geolocation device and the corresponding computer program have at least the same advantages as those conferred by the aforementioned method according to the various embodiments of the present invention. .
• FIG. 1a shows user equipment connected to a base station of a radio communications network
• [fig. 1b] represents the sectors covered by two sectorial antennas of the base station of FIG. 1a;
• [fig. 1e] represents the sectors covered by three sectorial antennas of the base station of FIG. 1a;
• FIG. 2a represents an antenna comprising a matrix of radiating elements which can equip the base station of FIGS. 1a and 1b according to one embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2b shows a base station equipped with the array of radiating elements of FIG. 2a;
• FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary architecture of a user equipment geolocation system according to one embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 4 represents the steps of the geolocation method according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 5 illustrates in a geometric manner the method of geolocation of a user equipment according to an embodiment of the invention in the system of FIG. 3;
• FIG. 6 details the determination of a position of a user equipment according to an embodiment of the invention implementing a technology of the SISO type
• FIG. 7 geometrically illustrates the determination of a position of a user equipment according to this embodiment of the invention according to this embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 8 details the determination of a position of a user equipment according to another embodiment of the invention implementing a technology of MIMO type
• FIG. 9 presents an example of the hardware structure of a device allowing the implementation of the steps of the geolocation method according to one embodiment of the invention.
• the general principle of the invention is based on obtaining powers measured by user equipment located at a given altitude, for radiofrequency beams that it receives from a first base station and from a second base station, each base station comprising at least one antenna configured to emit radiofrequency beams in at least two propagation directions, based on the calculation of at least one item of relative power information per base station, representative of a ratio or a difference between a first and a second measured power and on a determination of a position of said user equipment at the given altitude from, on the one hand, said relative power information and, on the other hand, for each relative power information and for each radiofrequency beam associated with said relative power information item, of an antenna radiation pattern model characterizing the power, as a function of a direction of observation of the user equipment by the transmitting antenna, of said radiofrequency beam associated with said relative power information.
• the invention works equally well with SISO and MIMO technology and finds numerous applications, in particular in the geolocation of ships at sea. It more generally makes it possible to geolocate any user equipment located within the range of two base stations, from radiofrequency beams emitted in different directions of propagation by each of these base stations.
• a user equipment UE receiving the radiofrequency beams transmitted by a first base station BS1 of a radiocommunications network is now presented.
• the user equipment UE is connected to the base station BS1.
• the user equipment UE is not connected to the first base station BS1, for example when it itself implements the geolocation method according to the invention. In this case, the user equipment UE does not need to send back to the first base station BS1 the power measurements that it performs.
• the radio communications network is a cellular network, such as for example a 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G network defined by the 3GPP standard or another standard.
• a base station is defined as being dedicated to the management of a given geographical site (for example a geographical site corresponds to a cell of the network).
• the first base station BS1 manages the corresponding geographical site in a multisectoral (or multi-sector) manner. More particularly, the first base station BS1 of FIG. 1b covers the site via two distinct sectors, each sector being covered by a so-called corresponding sectorial antenna A11, A21.
• the term “sectorial antenna” is understood to mean an antenna emitting mainly in a given direction of propagation.
• a cell of the radiocommunications network comprises two sectors. The 2 sectors are assumed here of identical dimensions.
• Each sector is covered by means of a single antenna A11, A21 capable of transmitting according to a single beam in a given direction of propagation (or at least a single main beam concentrating the major part of the power radiated by the antenna) on a given frequency band.
• the directions of propagation (or radiation) of the beams emitted by the antennas A11, A21 covering two adjacent sectors of this site have between them an angle equal to ⁇ b1.
• Each antenna A11, A21 is characterized, in a manner known per se, by a radiation pattern.
• the invention also applies in the case where the base station is provided with three antennas A11, A21, A31, as illustrated by FIG. 1e. In this case, it is sufficient for the user equipment UE to receive the radiofrequency beams emitted by two of them only for the invention to be applicable.
• each antenna A11, A21 has an opening angle of three decibels in the horizontal plane denoted ⁇ 3dB
• the antennas A11 and A21 are collocated at the level of the base station BS1, the latter located at a point of the cell covered by the base station BS1. It is noted that by “co-located” is meant that the antennas A11, A21 are located at the same site (that is to say here of the same base station). However, they are not necessarily positioned at the same geographical point (corresponding to an ideally zero distance between the antennas) and can be separated by a few centimeters or a few tens of centimeters, or even a few meters. For example, the antennas can be spaced by a distance less than ⁇ / 2 where ⁇ designates the wavelength of the signals transmitted by the antennas A11, A21 to communicate on the network.
• they can be spaced apart by a distance greater than ⁇ / 2. It should be noted that in an urban environment, it will preferably be limited to a spacing less than a distance ranging from 3 to 5 meters; in a rural environment, greater spacing may be considered, with cells covering larger areas.
• the antennas A11 and A21 are located at the same point at the top of a pylon of the base station BS1.
• the user equipment UE is marked with respect to the first base station BS1 in an orthonormal reference Oxyz.
• the origin O of the reference mark is here located at the foot of the pylon of the base station BS1 supporting the antennas A11, A21, at ground level.
• the Oz axis is vertical (along the pylon here, parallel to it) and the Ox and Oy axes define a horizontal plane parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the pylon.
• the plane (Oxy) is located at ground level and is tangent to the surface of the Earth at point O located at the foot of the pylon.
• the Ox axis coincides with the projection of the main direction of propagation of the antenna A11 on this horizontal plane parallel to the ground.
• the projection of the main propagation direction of the A21 antenna in the Oxy plane is obtained from the offset angle ⁇ b1, as illustrated in FIG. 1b.
• the direction of observation of the user equipment UE by an antenna of the base station denotes its direction seen by this antenna.
• the user equipment UE is identified via angles of a spherical coordinate system ( ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11) in the O'xyz frame in question, and by the distance r11 representing the projection in the horizontal plane Oxy of the distance of the user equipment UE with respect to the origin O 'of the O'xyz reference. It is assumed here for the sake of simplicity that the user equipment UE is located in the horizontal plane Oxy, at ground level (the height at which the user equipment is located relative to the ground is neglected). In other words, in FIG.
• r11 represents the distance of the user equipment UE with respect to the foot of the pylon located at O, supporting the antennas A11, A21, and ⁇ 11 and ⁇ 11 respectively representing the longitude and the latitude of the user equipment UE in the O'xyz frame.
• the angle ⁇ 11 is thus defined via the projection of the vector joining the origin of the O'xyz coordinate system to the user equipment UE in the horizontal plane Oxy, and measured with respect to the projection of the main direction of propagation of the antenna A11 in this plane (which coincides with Ox).
• the coordinates (r11, ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11) define the relative position of the user equipment UE with respect to the first base station BS1, that is to say by taking the position of the first base station BS1 as a reference.
• the position of the first base station BS1 in this frame of reference should be taken into account. This position is known to the telecommunications network to which the first base station BS1 belongs.
• the user equipment UE can be located at an altitude other than that of the ground level; for example UE user equipment may be on a ship at sea and be located at sea level, sea level and ground level where the base of the BS1 base station pylon is located. not necessarily the same.
• the antennas A11, A21 emit radiofrequency beams according to an angle of inclination ⁇ t1 (or “tilt" angle in English) corresponding to a depointing angle (a depointing latitude here) of their radiation pattern with respect to the horizontal plane O'xy (and therefore Oxy).
• Such sectoral antennas A11, A21 are for example suitable for a so-called SISO (for “Single Input Single Output”) implementation of the radio communications network in question.
• SISO Single Input Single Output
• the antennas A11 and A21 are located at a height H which corresponds to the distance between the antennas and the ground.
• the O'xy plane is at a height H with respect to the Oxy plane.
• an antenna comprising a matrix 200 of radiating elements 200er (sometimes also referred to as an array of radiating elements), for example of the electronic scanning type, which can equip the base station BS1 of the FIG. 2b according to another embodiment of the invention.
• a matrix 200 of radiating elements 200er sometimes also referred to as an array of radiating elements
• the electronic scanning type which can equip the base station BS1 of the FIG. 2b according to another embodiment of the invention.
• the origin O ′ of the O'xyz mark is located at the level of the lower end of the matrix 200, as illustrated by FIG. 2b.
• the O'x direction is perpendicular to the plane of the matrix of radiating elements and coincides with a main direction of propagation (or in an equivalent manner of radiation) of this matrix 200.
• the respective centers of two consecutive radiating elements 200er are spaced apart by a distance d v in the vertical direction, and by a distance d H in the horizontal direction.
• the pitch of the die 200 is d v in the vertical direction and d H in the horizontal direction.
• other numbers N H and Nv of radiating elements 200er are considered.
• such a matrix 200 of radiating elements is capable of emitting different radiofrequency beams each pointing in a desired direction of propagation around the main direction of propagation of the matrix 200. More particularly, laws weighting (in amplitude and / or in phase) of each radiating element 200er must be implemented. Examples of such laws are given below in connection with the description of FIG. 4. For example, a matrix 200 of radiating elements 200er as specified in document 3GPP TR 37.842 V.13.2.0 is considered.
• Such a matrix 200 is for example suitable for a so-called MIMO (for “Multiple-Input Multiple-Output”) implementation of the radio communications network considered.
• MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
• the array of radiating elements of FIG. 2a is located at the top of the pylon of the base station which it equips.
• the reference point of the base station denotes the Oxyz reference placed at ground level, at the foot of this pylon.
• Such a network comprises the base station BS1, which has just been described in relation to FIGS. 1a and 1b, and a second base station BS2, having characteristics identical or similar to those described for the first base station BS1. Nevertheless, it is noted that the antennas of the second base station BS2 may have different heights from those of the antennas of the first base station BS1.
• the system 10 further comprises a device 100 configured to geolocate the user of the terminal equipment UE in the RT network.
• such a device comprises an OBT module.
• IPR for calculating at least one item of information per base station, representative of a ratio or of a difference between a first and a second power of each set of measured powers, called the first relative power item of information for the first base station and second relative power information for the second base station, the first power being associated for the first base station with a radiofrequency beam emitted in the first direction of propagation and the second power being associated with a beam emitted in the second direction of propagation, the first power being associated for the second base station with a radiofrequency beam transmitted in the third direction of propagation and the second power being associated with a beam transmitted in the fourth direction of propagation; and a DET module.
• the device 100 thus implements the geolocation method according to the invention which will be described in more detail in relation to FIGS. 4 and 6.
• the device 100 is housed in the network itself and integrated into the first base station BS1, which conventionally comprises memories MEM associated with a processor CPU.
• the memories can be of the ROM type (standing for “Read Only Memory”) or RAM (standing for “Random Access Memory”) or else Flash.
• the first base station BS1 further comprises a TX module configured to control the transmission / reception of radiofrequency beams by its antenna (s) (not shown) depending on the type of technology used.
• the device 100 could be integrated into the second base station BS2 or into a node device of the network RT. According to another embodiment, it is integrated into the terminal equipment UE.
• the power of a plurality of radiofrequency beams emitted by the first base station BS1 in different directions of propagation is obtained. More particularly, such a power is measured by the user equipment UE. In this way, a corresponding set of measured powers is obtained.
• the radiofrequency beams of which the user equipment UE measures the power are not necessarily radiofrequency beams which have been transmitted by the base station BS1 to the user equipment. Indeed, by way of illustration, in the SISO configuration shown in FIGS.
• the user equipment UE due to its position where appropriate in one of the sectors covered by the base station BS1, receives the radiofrequency beams emitted by the antenna of the base station BS1 covering this sector , for example the first antenna A11 in a first direction of propagation.
• it is also able to receive radiofrequency beams emitted by another antenna of the base station BS1 covering a sector adjacent to that in which it is located, for example from the second antenna A21 in a second direction of propagation.
• a MIMO configuration based for example on an antenna comprising a matrix of radiating elements as shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, several radiofrequency beams can be emitted simultaneously in several distinct directions of propagation, which do not coincide.
• the radiofrequency beams emitted by the first base station can be measured by the user equipment and that it is capable of distinguishing this power from a noise power.
• the user equipment UE identifies which antenna A11, A21 transmitted the beam for which it measures the power from information conveyed by the beam in question in signaling channels, called common channels. Such information is for example pilot symbols, known per se. This information is transmitted to it by the base station spontaneously or at its express request.
• the user equipment UE also receives from the second base station BS2 a first radiofrequency beam emitted in a third direction of propagation and a second radiofrequency beam emitted in a fourth direction of propagation. These beams transmitted by the second base station can be received simultaneously or consecutively from those transmitted by the first base station BS1.
• first and second antennas of the first base station BS1 are located at the same height H and emit radiofrequency beams at the same angle of inclination, or first tilt ⁇ t1 (ie the same latitude, not shown in FIG. 5) with respect to the horizontal plane O'xy (and therefore with respect to the horizontal plane O xy).
• first and second antennas of the second base station BS2, A12 and A22 emit radiofrequency beams at the same angle of inclination, or second tilt ⁇ 2 (ie the same latitude, not shown on the diagram. fig.
• O 2 ' is located at the top of the pylon of the base station BS2, at the point where the antennas A12 and A22 of the base station BS2 are located (which is assumed to be collocated at the same point for the sake of simplicity) .
• the axis (O 2 'x 2 ) coincides with the projection of the main direction of propagation of the antenna A12 on a plane parallel to the ground, located at ground level.
• the powers measured by the user equipment UE are fed back by the latter to the radiocommunications network (eg via a transmission to the first base station BS1 or alternatively to the second base station BS2 or else to a piece of equipment. EN node of the RT network).
• the first base station BS1 receives from the user equipment the power measured by the user equipment UE for each radiofrequency beam of the plurality of radiofrequency beams transmitted by the first base station BS1 according to the first and the second.
• the second base station BS2 receives the power measured by the user equipment UE for each radiofrequency beam of the plurality of radiofrequency beams emitted by the second base station BS1 according to the third and the fourth direction of propagation (forming a "second set (P12, P22) of measured powers "Within the meaning of the invention for the second base station BS2) and transmits it to the device 100.
• the measured powers are transmitted by the second base station BS2 to the first base station BS1 via the network or via the user equipment UE.
• the present geolocation method is implemented directly in the user equipment UE. In the latter case, the device 100 is integrated into the user equipment UE and the measured powers are stored locally.
• At least one piece of relative power information representative of a ratio (when the powers are expressed in natural units) or of a difference (when the powers are expressed in logarithmic units) between two powers (( P1i, P21) for the base station BS1) and (P12, P22) for the base station BS2) of the set of measured powers associated with two corresponding radiofrequency beams, transmitted by the same base station, is calculated.
• the device 100 obtains a first piece of relative power information M11 from the set of powers measured for the first base station BS1 and a second piece of relative power information M12 from the set of powers measured for the second base station BS2.
• the antennas of a base station when the antennas of a base station are located at the same geographical point, the effects of fast fading are eliminated when the ratio or the difference between the powers received by the user is made.
• the antennas may not be exactly collocated; in this case, the powers measured by the user equipment UE can be averaged over a determined period to eliminate the effects of fast fading. For example, they are collected at a determined acquisition frequency (for example every milliseconds) and are averaged by the user equipment UE over a determined period. The duration of this period can be determined as a function of various parameters, such as for example the possible mobility of the user equipment UE and, if appropriate, its speed, etc.
• This average can be obtained using a sliding window of length equal to the determined period envisaged. For example, the inventor has determined that for a frequency of 1 GHz, an average carried out over a period of 50 ms of measurements acquired every milliseconds is sufficient for many antennas conventionally used to obtain an accurate estimate of the position of the user equipment. This average makes it possible to get rid of the phenomena of rapid variations (or "fast-fading" in English) of the propagation channels which may differ slightly from one antenna to another when they are separated by a few centimeters or a few tens. centimeters in particular.
• the distance between antennas of a base station must be relatively small so that this averaging eliminates the effect of the distance r with the receiver with sufficient precision.
• the possible mobility of the user equipment UE imposes greater constraints on the speed of the measurements, than in the static case.
• the position of the user equipment UE is determined from, on the one hand, the relative power information and, on the other hand, for each of this relative power information and for each radiofrequency beam associated with the relative power information (ie for each of the two radiofrequency beams of different propagation directions, the power of which is the basis of the relative power information in question), of an antenna radiation pattern model characterizing the power, according to a direction of observation of the user, of the radiofrequency beam associated with the relative power information.
• FIG. 6 The embodiment of FIG. 6 is first described in detail, for which a technology of the SISO type is used.
• the device 100 obtains for example a first P11 (UE) and a second P21 (UE) measured powers corresponding respectively to a first radiofrequency beam emitted by the first antenna A11 in a first direction of propagation and to a second radiofrequency beam emitted by the second antenna A21 in a second direction of propagation.
• UE user equipment
• UE user equipment
• the user equipment UE receives powers from the various antennas of the base station covering the site.
• the first A11 and second A21 antennas emit radiofrequency beams in different directions of propagation but at the same angle of inclination or first tilt ⁇ t1 with respect to the horizontal plane O'xy.
• the first power P11 (UE) measured at the level of the user equipment UE is generally expressed according to the expression:
• P11 (UE) K.P0.r -eta .G11 ( ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11) .X BS (UE) .Y BS (UE) (Eq. 1)
• K is a constant
• r denotes the distance separating the user equipment UE of antenna A11
• eta is a fading factor (also called "pathloss" factor) modeling the propagation attenuation
• P0 is the power emitted by antenna A11 on the beam in question
• G11 ( ⁇ 11 , ⁇ 11) is the gain of the antenna A11 radiated on the beam considered in the direction ( ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11) (which defines the direction of observation of the user equipment UE by the antenna A11 within the meaning of invention)
• XBS (UE) is a parameter representing the fast fading of the propagation channel between the antenna A11 and the user equipment UE
• YBS (UE) is a parameter representing the shadowing effects ) of the propagation channel between the antenna A11 and the user equipment
• the model used in equation (1) relating the power received by the user equipment to the direction of observation ( ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11) is obtained by considering that the antenna A11 and the user equipment UE are in visibility direct (or LOS for "line-of-sight" in English): in this configuration, the beam emitted by the antenna A11 according to the direction ( ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11) is received according to the same direction by user equipment UE.
• This line-of-sight configuration is most likely to occur when the user equipment is on a boat at sea or in a rural environment. When the user equipment is in an urban environment, it can also be considered, with a non-zero probability, to be in a line-of-sight configuration.
• this model can still be used when the user equipment UE is not considered to be in line of sight with the antenna A11 (this is also referred to as an NLOS configuration for "Non Line of Sight" in English), for example in due to the presence of obstacles between the antenna A11 and the user equipment UE.
• the beam emitted by the antenna A11 in the direction ( ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11) is received by the user equipment UE in a slightly different direction, for example ( ⁇ 11 + ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11 + ⁇ 11).
• the model described above and the location of the user equipment UE which results therefrom in accordance with the invention may then prove to be less precise in this configuration.
• the second power P21 (UE) measured at the level of the user equipment UE is generally expressed according to the expression:
• P21 (UE) K.P0.r -eta .G21 ( ⁇ 21, ⁇ 21) .X BS (UE) .Y BS (UE) (Eq. 2) where G21 ( ⁇ 21, ⁇ 21) is the gain of the antenna A21 radiated on the beam considered in the direction ( ⁇
• ⁇ 21 of the user equipment UE (which defines the direction of observation of the user equipment UE in line of sight by the antenna A21 within the meaning of the invention).
• M11 associated with the first and second radiofrequency beams is expressed only as a function of the gains G11 ( ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11) and G21 ( ⁇ b 1 - ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11). Indeed, from the equations (Eq. 1) and (Eq. 2), we can write:
• M11 dB (G11 ( ⁇ 11, ( ⁇ 11) dB - G21 ( ⁇ b 1 - ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11)) dB (Eq. 3dB)
• the determination of the position of the user equipment UE implements, for at least one given relative power item of information, the resolution of an equation (equation (Eq. 3lin ) or equation (Eq. 3dB)) whose members are a function, on the one hand, of the given relative power information and, on the other hand, of an expected value of the given relative power information.
• the expected value in question is a function, for each radiofrequency beam associated with the given relative power information, of the radiation pattern model characterizing the power, as a function of a direction of observation of the user equipment by the transmitting antenna, of the radiofrequency beam associated with the given relative power information.
• ⁇ t1 is representative of the angle of inclination of the radiofrequency beams or first tilt emitted by the antennas A11 and A21 with respect to the horizontal plane O'xy.
• dB -12 ( ⁇ 21 / ⁇ 3dB ) 2 - 12 (( ⁇ 21 - ⁇ t1) / ⁇ 3dB ) 2 (Eq. 5)
• the angle ⁇ 11 is determined from, on the one hand, the first relative power information M11 (expressed in logarithmic unit in equation (Eq. 7)) and, on the other hand, of the radiation pattern model characterizing the power, as a function of a direction of observation, in this case the direction of the user equipment UE with respect to the antennas A11 and A21 respectively, of the first and second radiofrequency beams (here G11 ( ⁇ 11, ⁇ 11) and G21 ( ⁇ 21, ⁇ 21)).
• a third power measured for the first base station BS1 is obtained in E310 during a sub-step E3 ⁇ 1 of step E300. This third power was measured for a radiofrequency beam emitted by the first antenna A11 of the first base station BS1 with a third tilt ⁇ t, 3 distinct from the first tilt ⁇ t1.
• this change of tilt and this new emission of beams are triggered by the first base station BS1.
• the first base station BS1 is equipped with antennas which are configured electronically (for example remotely) to transmit according to two distinct values of tilt, for example alternately.
• this change of tilt and this additional transmission of beams by the first base station with the third tilt are triggered by the transmission of a request coming from the terminal equipment UE. This is in particular the case when the geolocation device 100 is on board in the terminal equipment UE.
• the measurements of the powers received according to a first tilt and a third tilt are carried out at time instants very close to one another.
• At least one third piece of relative power information M'11 representative of a ratio (when the powers are expressed in natural units) or of a difference (when the powers are expressed in logarithmic units) between the first power P11 of the set of powers measured at E300 and associated with the radiofrequency beam emitted by the first antenna A11 of the first base station BS1 with the first tilt ⁇ t1 and the power P11 'of the set of powers measured and associated with the radiofrequency beam emitted by the first antenna A11 of the first base station BS1 with the third tilt ⁇ t, 3 is calculated by
• step E320 the procedure is the same as in E321 to obtain, from the relative power information obtained in E310 from the powers of the radiofrequency beams measured for the second BS2 base station.
• M12 dB (G12 ( ⁇ 12, f12) - G22 ( ⁇ b 2 - ⁇ 12, ⁇ 12)) dB (Eq. 3dB bis)
• G12 ( ⁇ 12, f12) is the gain of the first antenna A12 radiated on the beam considered in the direction ( ⁇ 12, ⁇ 12) of observation of the user equipment UE by the antenna A12
• G22 ( ⁇ b 2 - ⁇ 12, f12) the gain of the second antenna A22 radiated on the beam considered in the direction ( ⁇ 22, ⁇ 22) observation of the user equipment UE by the antenna A22.
• M11 we consider here gains reflecting a direct visibility of the user equipment UE through the antennas A12 and A22.
• ⁇ 3dB represents the three-way opening angle decibels of the radiation diagram in the plane of definition of the angle ⁇ 12 (i.e. in the horizontal plane 0 2 x 2 y 2 , which is, as underlined previously, merged with the Oxy plane, as illustrated by figures 5 and 7)
• ⁇ 3dB represents the opening angle at three decibels of the radiation diagram in the plane of definition of the angle ⁇ 12.
• the longitude ⁇ 12 can take two distinct values and thus defines two meridian planes PM12, PM22, as illustrated in figure 5.
• Gij -min (12 ( ⁇ ij / ⁇ 3dB) 2 + 12 (( ⁇ ij - ⁇ t1) / ⁇ 3dB) 2 , Am) (Eq. 11) with i the index of the antenna, integer equal to 1 or 2, j the index of the base station, an integer equal to 1 or 2 and Am a constant which characterizes the minimum value of gain of the antenna.
• angles of longitude and latitude must satisfy the following conditions: ⁇ ij ⁇ (Am / 12) 1/2 ⁇ 3dB ⁇ ij ⁇ (Am / 12) 1/2 ( ⁇ 3dB + ⁇ tk (Eq.12)
• equation (11) for radiation patterns does not apply. It would then be appropriate to choose a third antenna of the base station, if it has a third one, or another base station, for which this equation is valid. This in itself does not pose difficulties for the user equipment UE to measure the powers received from another base station, the base stations of a telecommunications network being generally sufficiently close to each other so that the equipment UE user receives signals from multiple base stations. In the following, it is considered that, as is generally the case, these conditions are satisfied for the base stations BS1 and BS2 and their respective antennas A11, A21, and A12, A22.
• the first antenna A12 of the second base station BS2 can be located at a height H2 different from the height H of the antennas A11 and A21, and the angle of latitude ⁇ 12 of the user equipment UE in the frame of the second base station BS2 is, in the general case, different from the angle of latitude ⁇ 11 in the frame of the first base station BS1. It should be noted, however, that their knowledge is not required to implement the invention.
• a first determination E323 of the angle of latitude ⁇ 11 of the user equipment UE in the Oxyz frame of the first base station, according to one embodiment of the invention, is now detailed.
• the device 100 obtains a third measured power P'11 (UE) corresponding to a third radiofrequency beam emitted by the sectorial antenna A11 at a second angle of inclination or tilt ⁇ t3, with respect to the horizontal plane O'xy (and therefore with respect to the Oxy plane), different from the first angle of inclination or tilt ⁇ 1.
• UE measured power
• step E310 a third piece of relative power information M'11 associated with this third radiofrequency beam and with the aforementioned first radiofrequency beam is calculated.
• the angle ⁇ 11 locating the user equipment UE in the reference O'xyz centered on the antenna A11 of the first base station BS1 is determined from , on the one hand, of the second relative power information item M'11 and, on the other hand, of the radiation pattern model characterizing the power, as a function of a direction of observation, of the first and third radiofrequency beams.
• ⁇ 11 M'11 dB / 24 ⁇ 2 3dB / ( ⁇ t1- ⁇ t3) + ( ⁇ t1 + ⁇ t3) / 2 (Eq. 15)
• the longitude angle ⁇ 11 and the latitude angle ⁇ 11 locating the user equipment UE in the Oxyz frame of the first base station BS1 are determined simply and precisely from the beams emitted by the antennas A11 , A12 of the first base station BS1 with at least two different angles of inclination and those transmitted by the antennas A12, A22 of the second base station BS2 with at least one angle of inclination which may be equal to the one of the previous two.
• a second determination of the angle of latitude ⁇ 11 is carried out in the O'xyz coordinate system of the first base station. As illustrated by FIGS. 5 and 7, this angle of latitude ⁇ 11 defines a cone C centered on the origin O 'of the O'xyz coordinate system.
• the first antenna A11 of the first base station BS1 is located at the origin O 'of the O'xyz frame, therefore at (0,0,0).
• the third z coordinate is arbitrary.
• x1 (y0 - x0. Tg ( ⁇ 12)) / (tg ( ⁇ 11) - tg ( ⁇ 12)) (Eq. 18)
• each longitude angle ⁇ 11, ⁇ 12 lead to the coordinates of 4 possible points (x1, y1) on the 4 lines DU, D21, DU 'and D21'.
• the cone C determines an arc of a circle AC on the Oxy plane which passes only through one of the 4 vertical lines determined previously.
• this circular arc AC passes through more than one of the 4 lines.
• a particular configuration of the positioning of the user equipment with respect to the base stations BS1 and BS2 would be required, for example for the main direction of an antenna of the first base station to be aligned with that of an antenna of the first base station.
• the second base station considered to determine the position of the user equipment UE.
• the arc of a circle could intersect two vertical lines.
• the user equipment UE is on a boat which sails at sea. It is also assumed that it is at a height h with respect to sea level, which is at a height of h. height H M from ground level. In other words, the user equipment UE is located at a height h + H M with respect to the level of the ground.
• the relative height of the antennas of the base stations BS1 and BS2 in the Oxyz frame with respect to the height of the user equipment UE is Hh, where H denotes the height of the antennas in the Oxyz benchmark.
• H denotes the height of the antennas in the Oxyz benchmark.
• ⁇ 11 Arctan (((Hh) / (y0 - x0. Tg ( ⁇ 12))) .cos ( ⁇ 11). [Tg ( ⁇ 11) - tg ( ⁇ 12)]) (20).
• the user equipment UE can also be located at a negative height from the ground level.
• each base station BS1, BS2 is equipped with an antenna comprising a matrix of radiating elements 200er as illustrated by FIGS. 2a and 2b.
• This antenna is configured to emit radiofrequency beams in at least a first direction of propagation and a second direction of propagation which will be defined below as a function of angles ⁇ i, escan and ⁇ i, etilt
• the antenna radiation pattern model AA, Beami ⁇ , Y characterizing the power of an i- th radiofrequency beam ("beam" in English) emitted according to a direction of observation (q, f) for example specified in document 3GPP TR 37.842
• the angle ⁇ in the present application is similar to the angle ⁇ described in the 3GPP document designating the longitude, and the angle ⁇ in the present application is similar to the angle described in the 3GPP document where ⁇ denotes the colatitude. It is recalled that colatitude is equal to latitude plus ⁇ / 2.
• This radiation pattern model is expressed as follows: where ⁇ i, escan and ⁇ i, etilt represent the longitude and the latitude defining the desired direction of propagation in the O'xyz coordinate system of the antenna considered (cf. definition given previously with reference to FIG.
• a power P200i (UE) measured by the user equipment UE and corresponding to the i-th radiofrequency beam emitted by the matrix 200 is generally expressed according to the expression:
• the first base station BS1 transmits, via its matrix of radiating elements, beams f1 and f2 characterized respectively by their direction of propagation
• the resolution of such an equation comprises the implementation of a digital resolution method.
• the ratio or the difference of the powers, received and measured by the user equipment UE, corresponding to the beams f1 and f2 makes it possible to calculate a relative power information value M12, while the ratio or the difference of the powers, received by the user equipment UE, corresponding to the beams f3 and f4, gives a relative power information value such as the report M34.
• ( ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 ) is greater than two (compared to the SISO case described previously). It should be noted that the determination of a position of the user equipment UE according to this embodiment of the invention is applicable to a greater number of pairs of possible values, preferably less than 10.
• the resolution of such a system of equations comprises the exploration of the space of solutions ( ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 ) in order to determine the direction ( ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 ) of l user equipment UE which is solution or has values close to the solutions of all the equations established with all the pairs of beams considered.
• the resolution implements, for a given relative power information item calculated during the implementation of step E310: obtaining the expected or theoretical value of this given relative power information item for a set of different directions observation ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1), as derived from the radiation model considered above.
• the fact of using two base stations makes it possible a priori to characterize the direction of the user equipment UE from a smaller number of beams transmitted by each of them.
• One advantage is that the established system of equations includes a smaller number of equations, and can be solved with a less complex method.
• 4 beams per base station were considered, but it could have been limited to 2 beams per base station.
• the two possible values of the longitude angle ⁇ 1 in the frame of the first base station BS1 and of the longitude angle ⁇ 2 in the frame of the second base station BS2 define as many vertical planes which intersect in four vertical lines, as previously described in the SISO case. Each of these vertical straight lines intersects the horizontal plane corresponding to the given altitude of the user equipment UE at a point.
• the set of these four points therefore constitutes the set of solutions, that is to say of the possible positions of the user equipment UE.
• E723 seeks to determine its angle of latitude ⁇ 1 .
• ⁇ 1 ' Arctan ((H / (y0 - x0.tg ( ⁇ 2))). cos ( ⁇ 1). [tg ( ⁇ 1) - tg ( ⁇ 2)]) (20) where (x0, y0) corresponds to the position of the second base station BS2 in the frame of the first.
• H corresponds here to the height of the antenna array of the first base station BS1 in the Oxyz frame, as illustrated by FIG. 2b
• ⁇ 1 is the longitude angle of the user equipment UE in the Oxyz frame of the first base station BS1 and ⁇ 2 the longitude angle of the user equipment UE in the frame of the second base station BS2.
• the device 100 comprises a random access memory 103 (for example a RAM memory), a processing unit 1 ⁇ 2 equipped for example with a processor, and controlled by a computer program stored in a read only memory 1 ⁇ 1 (for example a ROM memory or a hard disc). On initialization, the code instructions of the computer program are for example loaded into the random access memory 103 before being executed by the processor of the processing unit 1 ⁇ 2.
• a random access memory 103 for example a RAM memory
• a processing unit 1 ⁇ 2 equipped for example with a processor
• a computer program stored in a read only memory 1 ⁇ 1 for example a ROM memory or a hard disc
• This fig. 8 illustrates only one particular way, among several possible, of making the device 100 so that it performs the steps of the geolocation method (according to any one of the embodiments and / or variants described above in relation with figures 4, 6 and 7). Indeed, these steps can be performed either on a reprogrammable computing machine (a PC computer, a DSP processor or a microcontroller) executing a program comprising a sequence of instructions, or on a dedicated computing machine (for example a set of logic gates such as an FPGA or ASIC, or any other hardware module).
• a reprogrammable computing machine a PC computer, a DSP processor or a microcontroller
• a program comprising a sequence of instructions
• a dedicated computing machine for example a set of logic gates such as an FPGA or ASIC, or any other hardware module.
• the corresponding program (that is to say the sequence of instructions) can be stored in a removable storage medium (such as for example a CD- ROM, DVD-ROM, USB key) or not, this storage medium being partially or totally readable by a computer or processor.
• a removable storage medium such as for example a CD- ROM, DVD-ROM, USB key
• the device 100 is included in the user equipment UE.
• the device 100 is included in a device of the radiocommunications network, e.g. in a node of the communications network or in one of the base stations BS1 or BS2, as illustrated by FIG. 3.

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• 2020
  • 2020-04-30 FR FR2004322A patent/FR3109827A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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  • 2021-04-29 WO PCT/FR2021/050747 patent/WO2021219966A1/fr unknown

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