EP4136127A1 - Procédé de polymérisation d'au moins un composé polymérisable par voie radicalaire - Google Patents
Procédé de polymérisation d'au moins un composé polymérisable par voie radicalaireInfo
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- EP4136127A1 EP4136127A1 EP21722971.5A EP21722971A EP4136127A1 EP 4136127 A1 EP4136127 A1 EP 4136127A1 EP 21722971 A EP21722971 A EP 21722971A EP 4136127 A1 EP4136127 A1 EP 4136127A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F120/10—Esters
- C08F120/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F120/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F112/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F112/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F112/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F112/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F112/08—Styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/06—Metallic compounds other than hydrides and other than metallo-organic compounds; Boron halide or aluminium halide complexes with organic compounds containing oxygen
- C08F4/12—Metallic compounds other than hydrides and other than metallo-organic compounds; Boron halide or aluminium halide complexes with organic compounds containing oxygen of boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium or rare earths
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the polymerization of at least one radical polymerizable compound comprising at least one ethylenic bond, in the presence of a borane BH 3 -amine complex and an alkene.
- Radical polymerization constitutes one of the most industrially exploited polymerization processes due to the variety of polymerizable monomers, its ease of implementation and the variety of synthesis processes used (mass, emulsion, solution, suspension).
- organoborans for the radical polymerization of compounds comprising an ethylenic bond is known in the state of the art.
- organoborans due to the unstable and pyrophoric nature of organoborans, they must be complexed with an amine so as to avoid oxidative decomposition.
- the organoboran-amine complexes being highly reactive, this continues to present risks related to their handling and to the safety of operations.
- Document US Pat. No. 6,632,908 relates to (meth) acrylic compositions used for the adhesion of metal, plastic or glass substrates to substrates of the same nature or of a different nature, such as substrates having a low energy surface.
- the (meth) acrylic compositions described in this document comprise a (meth) acrylate compound and an initiator system comprising an organometallic compound, a peroxide compound, an aziridine-based compound and a compound having an acid function.
- Document US Pat. No. 3,236,823 describes the polymerization of unsaturated compounds comprising one or more ethylenic bonds, using organoborane-amine complexes.
- the invention relates firstly to a process for the polymerization of at least one radical polymerizable compound comprising at least one ethylenic bond comprising the following steps: bringing a borane BH 3 -amine complex into contact with an alkene compound for obtain a reaction medium; and contacting a composition comprising the at least one radical polymerizable compound comprising at least one ethylenic bond with the reaction medium obtained; said alkene compound being chosen from:
- R 11 representing a group comprising from 3 to 31 carbon atoms chosen from a linear or branched alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an -OR 12 group, an -SR 12 group and a -SiR 13 R 14 R group 15 ;
- R 12 being chosen from a linear or branched alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group or a -COR 16 group;
- R 11 representing a group comprising from 3 to 31 carbon atoms chosen from a linear or branched alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an -OR 12 group, an -SR 12 group and a -SiR 13 R 14 R group 15 ;
- R 12 being chosen from a linear or branched alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an acyl group
- R 13 , R 14 , R 15 being chosen, independently of one another, from a linear or branched alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group or an alkoxy group
- X being an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a divalent —CH 2 - radical forming a bridge; n being an integer of 2 to 10;
- R 17 and R 18 representing, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkene group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms carbon or a divalent radical -CH 2 -forming a bridge with the cycle.
- the amine is selected from diisopropylamine, N-methyl diisopropylamine, N-ethyl diisopropylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N-methyl dicyclohexylamine, N-ethyl dicyclohexylamine, di-sec-butylamine, di-tert-butylamine, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane, N-methyl-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane, N-ethyl-1,1,1 , 3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane, 2,6-dimethylpiperidine, N-methyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine, N-ethyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine, 7-azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, N-ethyl-7-azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] o
- the radically polymerizable compound is selected from a styrenic monomer, an acrylic monomer, a methacrylic monomer and combinations thereof; preferably, the radical polymerizable compound is chosen from acrylate, acrylic acid, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylate, methacrylic acid, methacrylamide, methacrylonitrile, and combinations thereof.
- the alkene compound is selected from decene, octene, allyl trimethylsilane, tert-butylvinylether, 4-bromo-1-butene, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and vinyltriethoxysilane.
- the borane BH 3 -amine complex and the alkene compound are added with a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 20 and preferably from 1: 3 to 1: 10.
- the radically polymerizable compound has a mass content of 10 to 99%; preferably from 30 to 95%; compared to the composition.
- said process is carried out in the absence of decomplexing agents to decomplex the borane and the amine; preferably in the absence of isocyanate compounds.
- said method further comprises a step of heating after contacting the borane BH 3 -amine complex with the alkene compound; preferably a heating step carried out at a temperature of 20 to 60 ° C, very preferably of 35 to 55 ° C.
- the method further comprises a step of heating after bringing the reaction medium into contact with the composition comprising at least one polymerizable compound; preferably a heating step is carried out at a temperature of 20 to 100 ° C, very preferably of 35 to 85 ° C.
- a process for the efficient polymerization of a radical polymerizable compound the compound used for the polymerization being able to be used with safety by avoiding the use of dangerous reagents.
- This is accomplished by a process which comprises contacting a composition comprising a borane-amine complex (ie BH 3 -amine) and an alkene compound to obtain a reaction medium and then contacting the resulting reaction medium with at least one radical polymerizable compound comprising at least one ethylenic bond.
- the composition comprising the borane-amine complex and the alkene compound makes it possible to avoid the use of pyrophoric and unstable commercial organo-borane complexes.
- the borane-amine complexes being more stable and less reactive than the organoborane- complexes. amine, this makes it possible to better control the reactivity of the polymerizable composition and to limit the risks associated with the safety of the processes.
- the borane-amine complex is more stable and less pyrophoric than commercial organoboran-amine complexes, which makes it possible to better control the reactivity of the polymerizable composition and to limit the risks associated with the safety of the process and the handling of products. dangerous is limited.
- the process according to the invention also allows the polymerization of monomers comprising an ethylenic bond without the use of reactive compounds such as the decomplexing agents conventionally used to decomplex borane (BH 3 ) and the amine. This makes it possible to facilitate and simplify the polymerization process.
- reactive compounds such as the decomplexing agents conventionally used to decomplex borane (BH 3 ) and the amine.
- the polymerization process according to the present invention enables rapid and efficient polymerization of polymerizable compounds.
- borane or “trihydridoboron” according to the systematic nomenclature, is meant a molecule having the formula “BH 3 ”.
- borane is a highly reactive molecule, its complexation with an amine is necessary in order to ensure good stability of the borane.
- the amine can be a monoamine (comprising a single amino group) or a polyamine (comprising more than one amino group, for example two, three or four amino groups).
- the amino groups can be present at the ends of the main chain and / or in the form of side or pendant groups along the main chain.
- the amine is a monoamine.
- the amine when it is a monoamine, it can be chosen from a primary, secondary or tertiary monoamine.
- the monoamine can be of general formula [Chem 4]
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 representing, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a silyl group, a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms chosen from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an arylalkyl group, an aryl group, or at least two of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 forming part of a cycloalkyl group.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 can independently be a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group , a tert-butyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a benzyl group, a phenyl group substituted or not by one or more groups such as an alkyl (alkylaryl) or cycloalkyl group, a alkoxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, and an acyl group, a naphthyl group substituted or not by one or more groups such as an alkyl or cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, and an acyl group ,
- heteroaryl groups mention may be made of pyridines, pyrroles and carbazoles.
- two of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 can be part of a ring, for example of a pyrrolidine, a piperidine, a morpholine, a thiomorpholine, or one of their higher homologues. .
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 can be part of several rings such as for example 1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (or quinuclidine), 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2 ] octane (or DABCO) and 7-azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 can independently be chosen from a silyl group.
- this silyl group can comprise a silicon atom substituted by three carbon groups of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms. carbon and more preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, linear or branched.
- These three groups can be independently chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an arylalkyl group and an aryl group.
- it is an alkyl group and even more preferably it is a methyl group.
- two of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 can be alkyl groups and the third of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 can be a hydrogen atom.
- An example of this type is 1, 1, 1, 3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane (or HMDS).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 can be identical. According to other embodiments, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 can be different from each other.
- At least two of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are identical.
- At least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is hydrogen.
- none of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is hydrogen.
- the monoamine of formula [Chem 4] when the monoamine of formula [Chem 4] is a primary amine, it may be tert-butylamine.
- the monoamine of formula [Chem 4] when the monoamine of formula [Chem 4] is a secondary amine, it may be diisopropylamine, dicyclohexylamine, di-sec-butylamine, diisobutylamine, di-tert. -butylamine, 1, 1, 1, 3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane, 2,6-dimethylpiperidine or 7-azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane; and preferably diisopropylamine.
- the monoamine of formula [Chem 4] when the monoamine of formula [Chem 4] is a tertiary amine, it may be N-methyl diisopropylamine, N-ethyl diisopropylamine, N-methyl dicyclohexylamine, N -ethyl dicyclohexylamine, N-methyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine, N-ethyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine, 1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (or quinuclidine), N-methyl-1, 1,1, 3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane, N-ethyl-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane, N-methyl7-azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane or N-ethyl-7- azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane.
- the monoamine can be a polyetheramine, that is to say an amine comprising several ether functions.
- the monoamine is a primary polyetheramine.
- the monoamine is a secondary or tertiary polyetheramine.
- R 4 , R 5 and R 10 representing, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group , an arylalkyl group or an aryl group;
- R i and R ii representing, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group , an aryl group or an arylalkyl group;
- t, x and y representing, independently of each other, an integer from 0 to 90, preferably from 0 to 70, very preferably from 0 to 50, more preferably from 0 to 30
- R 4 , R 5 and R 10 can independently represent a hydrogen atom and a group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. This group can be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated. Preferably, R 4 , R 5 and R 10 independently represent a group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 7 and more preferably from 1 to 3 linear or branched carbon atoms.
- R 4 can be chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an arylalkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group, the alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl and alkylaryl groups being as described above.
- R 4 is an alkyl group, preferably comprising from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R 5 can be chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, these groups being as described above.
- R 5 is an alkyl group, in particular a group comprising from 1 to 2 carbon atoms. More preferably, R 5 is chosen from a methyl group and an ethyl group.
- R 10 can be chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, the alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl groups being as described above.
- R 10 is an alkyl group, in particular a group comprising from 1 to 2 carbon atoms. More preferably, R 10 is chosen from a methyl group and an ethyl group.
- R 4 , R 5 and R 10 can be identical.
- R 4 , R 5 and R 10 may be different from each other.
- R 5 and R 10 are different from each other.
- one of R 5 and R 10 can be an ethyl group and the other of R 5 and R 10 can be a methyl group.
- R 4 , R 5 and R 10 is a methyl group.
- R i and R ii can independently represent a hydrogen atom or a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. This group can be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
- R i and R ii can independently be chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an arylalkyl group.
- R i and R ii can independently be a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a tert-butyl group, an isobutyl group, an n- group.
- heteroaryl groups mention may be made of pyridines, pyrroles and carbazoles.
- the R i and R ii can form part of a ring, for example of a pyrrolidine, of a piperidine, of a morpholine, of a thiomorpholine, or of one of their higher homologues.
- R i and R ii are all hydrogen atoms. In this case, it is a primary polyetheramine.
- At least one of R i and R ii is a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In this case, it is a secondary polyetheramine.
- both of R i and R ii are independently groups comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In this case, it is a tertiary polyetheramine.
- t, x and y can independently represent a number from 0 to 90, preferably from 0 to 70, preferably from 0 to 50 and even more preferably from 0 to 30.
- t, x and y can independently represent a number from 0 to 10, or from 10 to 20; or from 20 to 30; or from 30 to 40; or from 40 to 50; or from 50 to 60; or from 60 to 70; or from 70 to 80; or from 80 to 90.
- the number t represents the number of ethoxy groups substituted by an R 10 group (preferably propoxy groups when R 10 is methyl or butoxy groups when R 10 is ethyl) present in the monoamine of formula [Chem 5].
- the number t may or may not be an integer.
- t corresponds to the average degree of ethoxylation of the ethoxy groups substituted by an R 10 group (preferably to the average degree of propoxylation when R 10 is methyl or of butoxylation when R 10 is ethyl).
- the number x represents the number of ethoxy groups present in the monoamine of formula [Chem 5].
- the number x may or may not be an integer. For example, if a mixture of different alkylene oxides is used, x is the average degree of ethoxylation.
- the number y represents the number of ethoxy groups substituted by an R 5 group (preferably propoxy groups when R 5 is methyl or butoxy groups when R 5 is ethyl) present in the monoamine of formula [Chem 5].
- the number y may or may not be an integer.
- y corresponds to the average degree of ethoxylation of the ethoxy groups substituted with an R 5 group (preferably to the average degree of propoxylation when R 5 is methyl or of butoxylation when R 5 is ethyl).
- the sum t + y represents the number of ethoxy groups substituted by the groups R 5 and R 10 (preferably propoxy groups when R 5 and R 10 are methyl or butoxy groups when R 5 and R 10 are ethyls) present in the amine of formula [Chem 5].
- y when t is equal to 0, y is different from 0.
- t when y is equal to 0, t is different from 0.
- x when y and / or t is equal to 0, x is different from 0.
- the monoamines of formula [Chem 5] can have a molecular mass of 200 to 5500 g / mol, and preferably of 500 to 2500 g / mol.
- the monoamines of formula [Chem 5] can have a molecular mass of 200 to 500 g / mol; or from 500 to 750 g / mol; or from 750 to 1000 g / mol; or from 1000 to 1250 g / mol; or from 1250 to 1500 g / mol; or from 1500 to 1750 g / mol; or from 1750 to 2000 g / mol; or from 2000 to 2250 g / mol; or from 2250 to 2500 g / mol; or from 2500 to 2750 g / mol; or from 2750 to 3000 g / mol; or from 3000 to 3250 g / mol; or from 3250 to 3500 g / mol; or from 3500 to 3750 g / mol; or
- This type of polyetheramine is for example marketed under the name “Jeffamine series M” by the company Huntsman.
- the amine when the amine is a polyamine, it can be chosen from a primary and / or secondary and / or tertiary polyamine. Preferably, it is a primary polyamine, that is to say that all of its amino groups are primary. More preferably it is a diamine. However, polyamines comprising more than two amino groups (for example three or four) such as polyethylene imines (PEI) can be used.
- PEI polyethylene imines
- the polyamine can be of general formula [Chem 6]
- R 6 representing a divalent group comprising from 2 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 40 carbon atoms optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms chosen from oxygen and sulfur, the group being linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, chosen from a divalent alkyl radical, a divalent cycloalkyl radical, a divalent arylalkyl radical or a divalent aryl radical;
- R i , R ii , R iii and R iv representing, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an arylalkyl group.
- R 6 can represent a divalent group comprising from 2 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 40 carbon atoms and more preferably from 2 to 15 carbon atoms.
- R 6 can be linear or branched, cyclic or alicyclic, saturated or unsaturated.
- R 6 can comprise one or more heteroatoms such as an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom or a halogen. Preferably a single heteroatom can be included in R 6 .
- R 6 can be chosen from a divalent alkyl radical, a divalent cycloalkyl radical, a divalent alicyclic radical, a divalent arylalkyl radical or a divalent aryl radical.
- R 6 is an alkyl group.
- R i and R ii are as detailed above.
- R iii and R iv can independently represent a hydrogen atom or a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. This group can be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
- R iii and R iv can independently be chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an arylalkyl group.
- R iii and R iv can independently be a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a group cyclopropyl, a tert-butyl group, an isobutyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an alkyl group substituted with an aryl group such as an alkyl phenyl , a phenyl group substituted or not by one or more groups such as an alkyl or cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, and
- R iii and R iv can form part of a ring, for example of a pyrrolidine, of a piperidine, of a morpholine, of a thiomorpholine, or of one of their higher homologues.
- R i and R ii and / or R iii and R iv are all hydrogen atoms.
- At least one of R i and R ii and / or at least one of R iii and R iv is a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- both of R i and R ii and / or both of R iii and R iv are independently groups comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the polyamine of formula [Chem 6] can be chosen from ethylenediamine, 1, 3-propanediamine, 1, 5-pentanediamine, 1, 6-hexanediamine, 1, 12-dodecanediamine , 2-methyl-1, 5-pentanediamine, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediamine, isophoronediamine, 4,4'-methylenedianiline, 2-methylbenzene-1, 4-diamine, diethylenetriamine, 4,6-Diethyl-2-methylbenzene-1, 3-diamine, 4,4'-methylendicyclohexanamine, 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, naphthalene-1, 8-diamine.
- the polyamine of formula [Chem 6] can be chosen from ethylenediamine, and 1, 3-propanediamine, and preferably the polyamine of formula [Chem 6] is 1, 3-propanediamine.
- the polyamine can be a polyetheramine comprising two amino groups, preferably primary.
- the polyamine can be a secondary or tertiary polyamine comprising two amino groups.
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 representing, independently of one another, a group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group;
- R i , R ii , R iii and R iv representing, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an arylalkyl group;
- v, w and z representing, independently of one another, a number from 0 to 90, preferably from 0 to 70.
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 can independently represent a group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 1 to 2 carbon atoms. These groups can be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 can independently be chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, these groups being as described above.
- at least one of R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is an alkyl group, and more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 can be identical.
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 may be different from each other.
- At least one of R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is a methyl group, and preferably R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are methyl groups.
- R 8 and R 9 are different from each other. According to other embodiments, at least one of R 8 and R 9 are methyl groups and the other of R 8 and R 9 are ethyl groups.
- R i , R ii , R iii and R iv are as detailed above.
- R i and R ii and / or R iii and R iv are all hydrogen atoms.
- At least one of R i and R ii and / or at least one of R iii and R iv is a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- both of R i and R ii and / or both of R iii and R iv are independently groups comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- v, w and z can independently represent a number from 0 to 90, preferably from 0 to 70.
- v, w and z can independently represent a number from 0 to 10, or from 10 to 20; or from 20 to 30; or from 30 to 40; or from 40 to 50; or from 50 to 60; or from 60 to 70; or from 70 to 80; or from 80 to 90.
- z is equal to 0 and v is different from 0. According to other embodiments, z is different from 0 and v is equal to 0. According to still other embodiments, z and v are all the two different from 0. When z and v are different from 0, the sum z + v represents the number of substituted ethoxy groups (preferably propoxy or butoxy groups) present in the polyamine of formula [Chem 7].
- z + v may or may not be an integer.
- z + v corresponds to the average degree of ethoxylation of the ethoxy groups substituted with R 8 and R 9 (preferably the degree of propoxylation or butoxylation).
- the number z represents the number of ethoxy groups substituted by R 8 (preferably propoxy groups when R 8 is methyl or butoxy groups when R 8 is ethyl) present in the polyamine of formula [ Chem 7].
- the number v represents the number of ethoxy groups substituted by R 9 (preferably propoxy groups when R 9 is methyl or butoxy groups when R 9 is ethyl) present in the polyamine of formula [Chem 7].
- the numbers z and v can be whole numbers or not.
- the number w represents the number of ethoxy groups present in the polyamine.
- the number w may or may not be an integer.
- w is the average degree of ethoxylation.
- v and w can be 0.
- This type of polyetheramine is for example marketed under the name “Jeffamine series D” and “Jeffamine series SD” by the company HUNTSMAN.
- w can be equal to 0, while v is greater than 0.
- v and w can be greater than 0.
- This type of polyetheramine is for example marketed under the name “Jeffamine series ED” by the company Huntsman.
- the polyetheramines of formula [Chem 7] can have a molecular mass of 100 to 5000 g / mol, preferably 200 to 4000 g / mol, preferably 200 to 2000 g / mol and preferably 200 to 1000 g / mol.
- the polyetheramines of formula [Chem 7] can have a molecular mass of 100 to 500 g / mol; or from 500 to 750 g / mol; or from 750 to 1000 g / mol; or from 1000 to 1250 g / mol; or from 1250 to 1500 g / mol; or from 1500 to 1750 g / mol; or from 1750 to 2000 g / mol; or from 2000 to 2250 g / mol; or from 2250 to 2500 g / mol; or from 2500 to 2750 g / mol; or from 2750 to 3000 g / mol; or from 3000 to 3250 g / mol; or from 3250 to 3500 g / mol; or from 3500 to 3750 g / mol; or from 3750 to 4000 g / mol; or from 4000 to 4250 g / mol; or from 4250 to 4500 g / mol; or from 4500 g
- the polyetheramine comprising two amino groups can have a general formula [Chem 8]
- R i , R ii , R iii and R iv representing, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an arylalkyl group; a and b represent, independently of one another, an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 2 to 11.
- R i , R ii , R iii and R iv are as described above.
- R i and R ii and / or R iii and R iv are all hydrogen atoms. According to other embodiments, at least one of R i and R ii and / or at least one of R iii and R iv is a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- both of R i and R ii and / or both of R iii and R iv are independently groups comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a and b can independently represent a number from 1 to 20 and preferably from 2 to 11.
- a and b are the same.
- a and b are equal to 2 or 3.
- a and b are different. In this case, or less one of a and b is preferably equal to 2 or 3.
- the polyetheramines of formula [Chem 8] can have a molecular mass of 150 to 1500 g / mol, preferably 150 to 1000 g / mol and preferably 150 to 500 g / mol.
- the polyetheramines of formula (V) can have a molecular mass of 150 to 160 g / mol; or from 160 to 170 g / mol; or from 170 to 180 g / mol; or from 180 to 190 g / mol; or from 190 to 200 g / mol; or from 200 to 300 g / mol; or from 300 to 400 g / mol; or from 400 to 500 g / mol; or from 500 to 600 g / mol; or from 600 to 700 g / mol; or from 700 to 800 g / mol; or from 800 to 900 g / mol; or from 900 to 1000 g / mol; or from 1000 to 1100 g / mol; or from 1100 to
- This type of polyetheramine (formula (V)) is for example marketed under the name “Jeffamine series EDR” by the company HUNTSMAN.
- the polyamine can be a primary polyetheramine comprising three amino groups.
- the polyamine can be a secondary or tertiary polyamine comprising three amino groups.
- R 1 8 , R 1 9 , R 2 8 , R 2 9 , R 2 9 , R 3 8 , and R 3 9 representing, independently of each other, a group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, linear or branched, chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group;
- R representing a hydrogen atom and a group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an arylalkyl group or an aryl group;
- R i , R ii , R iii and R iv representing, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, linear or branched, chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an arylalkyl group;
- n representing an integer from 0 to 30, preferably equal to 0 or 1; and the sums z 1 + z 2 + z 3 , v 1 + v 2 + v 3 and w 1 + W 2 + W 3 representing, independently of each other, an integer from 0 to 90, preferably from 0 to 70 , very preferably from 0 to 50 and more preferably from 0
- R 1 8 , R 1 9 , R 2 8 , R 2 9 , R 2 9 , R 3 8 , and R 3 9 can independently represent a group comprising of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms. These groups can be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
- R1 8 , R1 9 , R 2 8 , R 2 9 , R 2 9 , R 3 8 , and R 3 9 can independently be selected from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, these groups being as described above. -above.
- R1 8 , R1 9 , R 2 8 , R 2 9 , R 2 9 , R 3 8 , and R 3 9 is an alkyl group. More preferably R1 8 , R1 9 , R 2 8 , R 2 9 , R 2 9 , R 3 8 , and R 3 9 are chosen from a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- R1 8 , R1 9 , R 2 8 , R 2 9 , R 2 9 , R 3 8 , and R 3 9 may be the same, for example they are all a methyl group.
- R1 8 , R1 9 , R 2 8 , R 2 9 , R 2 9 , R 3 8 , and R 3 9 may be different from each other.
- R1 8 is different from R 2 8 and / or from R 3 9 .
- R1 9 is different from R 2 9 and / or from R 3 9 .
- at least one of R1 8 , R1 9 and / or at least one of R 2 8 , R 2 9 and / or at least one of R 3 8 , R 3 9 and / or is a group methyl and the other of R1 8 , R1 9 and / or R 2 8 , R 2 9 and / or R 3 8 , R 3 9 and / or is an ethyl group.
- R can represent a hydrogen atom and a group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. This group can be linear or branched.
- R may be chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an arylalkyl group, or an aryl group, the alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl and aryl groups being as described above.
- R is a group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, it is preferably an alkyl group, preferably comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- R is a hydrogen atom.
- R is an ethyl group.
- R i , R ii , R iii and R iv are also as detailed above.
- z 1 , z 2 and z 3 can represent a number from 0 to 80, and preferably from 0 to 70.
- z 1 , z 2 and z 3 can be from 0 to 5; or from 5 to 10; or from 10 to 15; or from 15 to 20; or from 20 to 25; or from 25 to 30; or from 30 to 35; or from 35 to 40; or from 40 to 45; or from 45 to 50; or from 50 to 55; or from 55 to 60; or from 60 to 65; or from 65 to 70; or from 70 to 75; or from 75 to 80.
- the numbers z 1 , z 2 and z 3 may or may not be an integer.
- w 1 , W 2 , and W 3 can represent a number from 0 to 50, and preferably from 0 to 40.
- w 1 , W 2 , and W 3 can be from 0 to 5 ; or from 5 to 10; or from 10 to 15; or from 15 to 20; or from 20 to 25; or from 25 to 30; or from 30 to 35; or from 35 to 40.
- the numbers w 1 , W 2 , and W 3 may or may not be an integer.
- v 1 , V 2 and V3 can represent a number from 0 to 20, and preferably from 0 to 10.
- v 1 , V 2 and V3 can be from 0 to 2; or from 2 to 4; or from 4 to 6; or from 6 to 8; or from 8 to 10; or from 10 to 12; or from 12 to 14; or from 14 to 16; or from 16 to 18; or from 18 to 20.
- the numbers v 1 , V 2 and V3 may or may not be an integer.
- At least one of z 1 , Z 2 and z 3 is different from 0.
- At least one of v 1 , V 2 and V3 is different from 0.
- At least one of z 1 , Z 2 and z 3 is different from 0, and v 1 , V 2 and V3 are equal to 0.
- At least one of w 1 , W 2 and W 3 is different from 0. According to other embodiments, at least one of w 1 , W 2 and W 3 is equal to 0, preferably at least two of w 1 , W 2 and W 3 and preferably all three w 1 , W 2 and W 3 are equal to 0.
- At least one of v 1 , and z 1 is equal to 0 and / or at least one of v 2
- z2 is equal to 0 and / or at least one of v 3
- z 3 is equal to 0.
- At least one of v 1 , and z 1 is equal to 0 and / or at least one of v 2
- z 2 is equal to 0 and / or at least one of v 3
- z 3 is equal to 0 and at least one of w 1 , W 2 and W 3 is equal to 0, preferably at least two of w 1 , W 2 and W 3 and preferably the three w 1 , W 2 and W 3 are equal to 0.
- the sum w 1 + W 2 + W 3 represents the number of ethoxy groups present in the polyamine of formula [Chem 9].
- v 1 + v 2 + v 3 + z 1 + z 2 + z 3 represents the number of ethoxy groups substituted by R 1 8 , R 1 9 , R 2 8 , R 2 9 , R 3 8 and R 3 9 (preferably propoxy or butoxy groups) present in the polyamine of formula [Chem 9].
- v 1 + v 2 + v 3 + z 1 + z 2 + z 3 can be an integer or not.
- this sum corresponds to the average degree of ethoxylation of the ethoxy groups substituted with R1 8 , R1 9 , R 2 8 , R 2 9 , R 3 8 and R 3 9 (preferably to the degree of propoxylation and / or butoxylation).
- the sums z 1 + z 2 + z 3 , v 1 + v 2 + v 3 and w 1 + W 2 + W 3 can independently represent a number from 0 to 90, preferably from 0 to 70, preferably from 0 to 50 and even more preferably from 0 to 30.
- this number can be from 0 to 10; or from 10 to 20; or from 20 to 30; or from 30 to 40; or from 40 to 50; or from 50 to 60; or from 60 to 70; or from 70 to 80; or from 80 to 90.
- v 1 + v 2 + v 3 can be from 2 to 90, and preferably from 4 to 90.
- this sum can be 2 to 5; or from 5 to 10; or from 10 to 20; or from 20 to 30; or from 30 to 40; or from 40 to 50; or from 50 to 60; or 60 or 70; or from 70 to 80; or 80 to 90.
- the number n can represent a number from 0 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20, and more preferably from 1 to 10.
- n can be from 0 to 5; or from 5 to 10; or from 10 to 15; or from 15 to 20; or from 20 to 25; or from 25 to 30.
- n can be 0 or 1.
- the polyetheramines of formula [Chem 9] can have a molecular mass of 300 to 6000 g / mol, preferably from 300 to 5000 g / mol, preferably from 300 to 4000 g / mol and preferably from 300 to 3000 g / mol. .
- the polyetheramines of formula [Chem 9] can have a molecular mass of 300 to 500 g / mol; or from 500 to 750 g / mol; or from 750 to 1000 g / mol; or from 1000 to 1250 g / mol; or from 1250 to 1500 g / mol; or from 1500 to 1750 g / mol; or from 1750 to 2000 g / mol; or from 2000 to 2250 g / mol; or from 2250 to 2500 g / mol; or from 2500 to 2750 g / mol; or from 2750 to 3000 g / mol; or from 3000 to 3250 g / mol; or from 3250 to 3500 g / mol; or from 3500 to 3750 g / mol; or from 3750 to 4000 g / mol; or from 4000 to 4250 g / mol; or from 4250 to 4500 g / mol; or from 4500 g
- the groups of indices t, x, y, v, w, z, Vj, Wi, Z may or may not be adjacent in the molecule.
- ethoxy groups can alternate randomly (according to a certain statistical distribution) with propoxy and / or butoxy groups along the same chain.
- polyethyleneimines or polyaziridines
- polyethyleneimines or polyaziridines
- polyethyleneimines that is to say a polymer comprising a repeating unit composed of the amine group and of the biradical group “-CH 2 CH 2 - »These polyamines can be linear, branched or dendrimers.
- examples include tetraethylenepentamine, I ⁇ ROMIN SP012 as well as the polyethyleneimines under the name Lupasol® (in particular Lupasol® FG) sold by the company BASF.
- the borane can form a complex with the amine, with a molar ratio of borane to the amine of 0.1 to 10, preferably from 0.5 to 5, very preferably from 0.5 to 2.
- This ratio can in particular be from 0.1 to 0.5; or from 0.5 to 1; or from 1 to 2; or from 2 to 4; or from 4 to 5; or from 5 to 6; or from 6 to 8; or from 8 to 10.
- this ratio is preferably about 1.
- this ratio is preferably about 2.
- the borane-amine complex can be used at a mass content of 0.01 to 25%, and preferably 0.1 to 10% relative to the total mass of the radical polymerizable compound.
- This content can be in particular from 0.01 to 0.1%; or from 0.1 to 1%; or from 1 to 2%; or from 2 to 3%; or from 3 to 4%; or from 4 to 5%; or from 5 to 6%; or from 6 to 7%; or from 7 to 8%; or from 8 to 9%; or from 9 to 10%; or 10 to 11%; or from 11 to 12%; or from 12 to 13%; or from 13 to 14%; or from 14 to 15%; or from 15 to 16%; or from 16 to 17%; or from 17 to 18%; or from 18 to 19%; or from 19 to 20%; or 20 to 25%. More particularly, the content of borane-amine complex must be sufficient in order to allow a complete reaction.
- the borane-amine complex can be prepared according to the process described in application EP 2189463 A1 filed on March 30, 2009 or according to the process described in the article by P. Veeraraghavan Ramachandran et al. (Amine-boranes bearing borane- incompatible functionalities: application to selective amine protection and surface functionalization, Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 11885), incorporated by reference, for example by reacting an amine as described above, with a borohydride compound, such as sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride or lithium borohydride.
- a borohydride compound such as sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride or lithium borohydride.
- This reaction can in particular be carried out in the presence of an acid such as an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, boric acid, preferably in the presence of 'sulfuric acid.
- an acid such as an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, boric acid, preferably in the presence of 'sulfuric acid.
- the alkene compound presented below is mixed with the borane BH 3 -amine complex above in order to obtain a reaction medium comprising an organoborane.
- organoborane is meant a compound comprising at least one boron atom bonded to at least one carbon atom by hydroboration.
- the borane BH 3 -amine complex and the alkene compound can be mixed with a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 20 and preferably from 1: 3 to 1: 10.
- the borane BH 3 - amine complex and the alkene compound can be present in a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 5; or from 1: 5 to 1: 10; or from 1:10 to 1:15; or from 1:15 to 1:20.
- the alkene compound can be of general formula [Chem 1]
- R 11 represents a group comprising from 3 to 31 carbon atoms. This group can be linear or branched. In addition, this group can be chosen from an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a group arylalkyl such as a phenylalkyl group, an -OR 12 group, an -SR 12 group or a -SiR 13 R 14 R 15 group .
- R 11 represents an alkyl group
- this group may be devoid of heteroatoms.
- the alkyl group can consist of carbon atoms and hydrogen atom. It may for example be an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group (linear, cyclic or branched ), a hexyl group (linear, cyclic or branched), a heptyl group (linear, cyclic or branched), an octyl group (linear, cyclic or branched), a nonyl group (linear, cyclic or branched), a decyl group ( linear, cyclic or branched, an undecyl group (lenar, cyclic or branched), a dodecyl group (linear, cyclic or branched
- R 11 represents an alkyl group
- this group can comprise at least one heteroatom, in particular an oxygen atom and / or a sulfur atom or and / or a silicon atom and / or a halogen chosen from the atoms of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- the alkene compound can have one of the following formulas.
- H 2 C CH- (CH 2 ) m -OR 19
- m can be from 1 to 9
- R 19 can be a group comprising from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, this group possibly being linear or branched.
- R 19 can be an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group or a cycloalkyl group, these groups being as described below.
- the aryl group can be, for example, a phenyl group, a substituted phenyl group (see alkylaryl below) or a heteroaryl group such as a pyridine, a pyrrole, or a carbazole.
- the alkyl, alkylaryl and cycloalkyl groups are as described below.
- General formula [Chem 11] H 2 C CH- (CH 2 ) r -O- [CH 2 -CH (R 20 ) -O] 0 -R 21
- r can be from 1 to 9
- o can be from 1 to 340 and R 20 can be a hydrogen atom or a group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, this group being able to be linear , or branched.
- R 21 can be a group comprising from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, this group being linear, cyclic or branched.
- R 21 can be an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkylaryl group or an aryl group, these groups being as described above.
- R 22 can be a group comprising from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, this group possibly being linear or branched.
- R 22 can be an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an arylalkyl group or an aryl group, these groups being as described above.
- q can be from 1 to 9
- the groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 can be chosen, independently of one another, from a linear or branched alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or a group arylalkyl, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group.
- These groups can comprise from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10, and more preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and they can be (independently of one another) linear or branched groups.
- At least one of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 preferably at least two of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 , and more preferably the three groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are alkoxy groups, such as for example a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group or a butoxy group.
- At least one of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 preferably at least two of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 , and more preferably the three groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are alkyl groups, such as, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group or a tert-butyl group.
- r can be as described above, s can be 2 to 11 carbon atoms, and the groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 can be as described above. According to certain embodiments, at least one of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 , preferably at least two of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 , and more preferably the three groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are alkoxy groups, such as for example a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group or a butoxy group.
- At least one of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 , preferably at least two of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 , and more preferably the three groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are alkyl groups, such as, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group or a tert-group. -butyl.
- k can be 3 to 30, and Fiai can be a halogen selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms.
- the halogen is bromine.
- At least one of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 , preferably at least two of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 , and more preferably the three groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are alkyl groups such as, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group, or isobutyl group.
- R 11 is an arylalkyl group, it may be an alkyl group substituted by one or more aryl groups, these groups preferably being aryl groups comprising from 4 to 10, and preferably from 4 to 6 carbon atoms. , such as a furanyl group, a phenyl group.
- R 11 represents a cycloalkyl group
- it may be a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclohexyl group.
- It can also be a cycloalkyl substituted by one or more groups, these groups preferably being alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 10, and preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, a ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group or a tert-butyl group.
- R 12 group is chosen from a linear or branched alkyl group (comprising from 3 to 30 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group, an arylalkyl group or an acyl group.
- the arylalkyl group is as described above.
- the cycloalkyl group is as described above.
- the R 12 group can comprise one or more heteroatoms, preferably oxygen atoms.
- the R 12 group can comprise an acyl group such as a -COOR 16 group.
- R 16 can be chosen from a linear or branched alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an arylalkyl group.
- R 11 represents a -SR 12 group
- the R 12 group is chosen from a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group (comprising from 3 to 30 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group, an arylalkyl group, an alkylaryl group or an acyl group .
- the R 12 group is as described above.
- R 11 represents a group -SiR 13 R 14 R 15
- the groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 can be as described above.
- At least one of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 preferably at least two of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 , and more preferably the three groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are alkoxy groups, such as for example a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group or a butoxy group.
- At least one of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 preferably at least two of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 , and more preferably the three groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are alkyl groups such as, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl, group, isobutyl, sec-butyl group, or a tert-butyl group.
- the alken compounds of formula [Chem 1] can include: octene, decene, vinyl cyclohexane, vinyl benzene, vinyl toluene, vinyl silanes, vinyl alkoxysilanes such as vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltriethoxysilane, 1 - (vinyloxy) propane, 1 - (vinyloxy) dodecane, 1 - (vinyloxy) octadecane, (vinyloxy) cyclohexane, 1- (vinyloxy) butane, 1- (vinyloxy) isobutane, tert-butyl vinylether, phenyl-vinylether, phenyl-vinyl-sulfide, vinyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate or vinyl esters (for example the vinyl ester Veova from the company HEXION).
- vinyl alkoxysilanes such as vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltriethoxysi
- the alkene compound can be of formula
- R 11 is as described above.
- the alken compounds of formula [Chem 2] can include: allyl phenyl ether, allyl phenyl thioether, allyl methacrylate, allyl ether and glycidyl, methyl 2- (allyloxy) methyl) acrylate and allyl trimethylsilane.
- the alkene compound can be of general formula [Chem 3]
- X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a divalent radical -CH 2 - forming a bridge.
- n is an integer from 2 to 10.
- n is from 2 to 8.
- the alkene compound of formula [Chem 3] comprises not only one but several double bonds in its ring, for example two or three double bonds.
- n 2 and X is a divalent radical -CH 2 - forming a bridge.
- the alkene compound of formula [Chem 3] has the structure of norbornene.
- the groups R 17 and R 18 represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkene group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a divalent radical -CH 2 - forming a bridge with the ring.
- At least one of R 17 and R 18 represent a linear alkyl group having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- At least one of R 17 and R 18 represent a linear alkene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- At least one of R 17 and R 18 represent a hydrogen atom.
- both of R 17 and R 18 represent a hydrogen atom.
- Preferred alkenes of formula [Chem 3] can be 2,3-dihydrofuran, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrooxepine, 3,4,5,6- tetrahydro-2H-oxocin.
- the alkene compound can be chosen from octene, decene, allyl trimethylsilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and vinyltriethoxysilane.
- a single alkene compound is mixed with the borane BH 3 -amine complex.
- alkene compound for example two or three or four or five alken compounds can be mixed with the borane BH 3 -amine complex.
- the alkene compound is used at a mass content of 0.01 to 95%, preferably from 0.01 to 25%, and more preferably from 0.1 to 10% relative to the total mass of the radical polymerizable compound. .
- This content can be in particular from 0.01 to 0.1%; or 0.1 to 1% or
- the alkene compound is liquid in a temperature range ranging from 20 to 30 ° C, and preferably from 23 to 25 ° C. Radically polymerizable compound
- composition which will be polymerized comprises at least one radical polymerizable compound comprising at least one ethylenic bond.
- the "radical polymerization” is a chain polymerization which involves radicals as active species. It involves initiation, propagation, termination and chain transfer reactions.
- the borane present in the reaction medium can initiate the polymerization of the polymerizable compound (s) to form a polymer or a network of polymer (s).
- the radical polymerizable compound can comprise any monomer, oligomer and polymer, as well as their mixtures, comprising an olefinic unsaturation and being polymerizable by the radical route.
- the radical polymerizable compound can be chosen from styrenic, acrylic and methacrylic monomers.
- These can include styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, acrylic and methacrylic monomers or oligomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylic acid amides (or acrylamides) , methacrylic acid amides (or methacrylamides), acrylic acid esters (or acrylates) and methacrylic acid esters (or methacrylates).
- the radical polymerizable compound is an acrylic or methacrylic monomer such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamides, methacrylamides, acrylates and methacrylates.
- the radical polymerizable compound may for example be chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers and mixtures thereof, the alkyl group of acrylic (acrylates) and methacrylic (methacrylate) esters ) preferably having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic, possibly comprising at least one heteroatom (O, S) or one ester function (-COO-); and the alkyl group preferably having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and being linear, branched or cyclic.
- the radical polymerizable compound can be chosen from alkyl and cycloalkyl acrylates and methacrylates such as acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, n-acrylate -octyl, isooctyl acrylate (SR440 marketed by the company SARTOMER), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate (SR395 marketed by SARTOMER), acrylate lauryl (SR335 marketed by SARTOMER), tridecyl acrylate (SR489 marketed by the company SARTOMER), C12-C14 alkyl acrylate (SR336 ),
- Particularly preferred compounds are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and methacrylate. of 2-ethylhexyl.
- the radical polymerizable compound can be chosen from acrylates and methacrylates comprising heteroatoms, that is to say acrylates and methacrylates which contain at least one atom which is not a carbon or hydrogen in the group of the alcohol part of the ester (without taking into account the atoms of the ester group itself).
- the atom is oxygen.
- the radical polymerizable compound can be chosen from tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (SR285 marketed by the company SARTOMER), tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (SR203H marketed by the company SARTOMER), glycidyl acrylate, 2-grade acrylate.
- the acrylates and methacrylates of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylpropane, thiethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triopropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene can also be used.
- Particularly preferred compounds are 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, polycaprolactone acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and polycaprolactone methacrylate.
- Diacrylate and dimethacrylate compounds can also be used within the scope of this invention.
- Such compounds include ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (SR238 sold by the company SARTOMER), diacrylate of 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (SR341 marketed by the company SARTOMER), cyclohexanedimethanol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, 1, 10-decanediol diacrylate (SR595 marketed by the company SARTOMER), tricyclethanolodecanedimethanol diacrylate (SR833S marketed by the company SARTOMER), esterdiol diacrylate (SR606A marketed by SARTOMER), alkoxylated aliphatic diacrylates such as diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate (SR272 marketed by SARTOMER), diacrylate of dipropylene glycol (SR508
- Triacrylate and trimethacrylate compounds can also be used within the scope of this invention.
- Such compounds include glycerol trimethacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, ethoxylated and / or propoxylated glycerol triacrylates, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (sold SR351 by the company SARTOMER), ethoxylated and / or propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylates, pentaerythritol triacrylate (SR444D sold by the company SARTOMER), ethoxylated and / or propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylates, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (trimethylolacrylate 2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (SR368 marketed by the company SARTOMER), tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate trimethacrylate, ethoxylated and / or propoxylated glyce
- Compounds comprising more than three acrylate or methacrylate groups can also be used such as, for example, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (SR295 marketed by the company SARTOMER), di-trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (SR355 marketed by the company SARTOMER), di-pentaacrylate.
- SR295 pentaerythritol tetraacrylate
- SR355 di-trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate
- di-pentaacrylate di-pentaacrylate.
- pentaerythritol (SR399 sold by Sartomer), ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylates and / or propoxylated, tetramethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate di-trimethylolpropane, di-pentaerythritol pentamethacrylate and ethoxylated tetramethacrylates of pentaerythritol and / or propoxylated.
- SR399 sold by Sartomer ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylates and / or propoxylated, tetramethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate di-trimethylolpropane, di-pentaerythritol pentamethacrylate and ethoxylated tetramethacrylates of pentaerythr
- the radical polymerizable compound can be chosen from acrylic and methacrylic oligomers such as urethane-acrylates and urethane-methacrylates, polyester-acrylates, polyester-methacrylates, polybutadiene-acrylates (SR307 sold by the company SARTOMER ) and polybutadiene-methacrylates.
- acrylic and methacrylic oligomers such as urethane-acrylates and urethane-methacrylates, polyester-acrylates, polyester-methacrylates, polybutadiene-acrylates (SR307 sold by the company SARTOMER ) and polybutadiene-methacrylates.
- Preferred compounds of this category are, for example, CN1963, CN1964, CN992, CN981, CN9001, CN9002, CN9012, CN9200, CN964A85, CN965, CN966H90, CN991, CN9245S, CN998B80, CN9210, CN9276, CN9209, PR14N981596, CN9098B80 CN9400, CN9167, CN9170A86, CN9761, CN9165A marketed by the company SARTOMER.
- Radically polymerizable compounds which can be used within the scope of the invention can also include acrylamides and methacrylamides.
- these monomers can be chosen from acrylamide, methacrylamide, N- (hydroxymethyl) acrylamide, N- (hydroxyethyl) acrylamide, N- (isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide, N- (3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide, N- ⁇ tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl] acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, N, N'-methylenedimethacrylamide, N, N'-methylenediacrylamide , the N, N '- (1,2- dihydroxyethylene) bismethacrylamide and N, N '- (1,2- dihydroxyethylene) bisacrylamide as well as from acrylamides and methacrylamides formed after reaction of acrylic or methacrylic acid (or acyl chloride of this acid) with (poly ) primary and / or secondary amines such as 1,3-diaminopropane, N, N'
- a single radically polymerizable compound is present in the composition to be polymerized.
- radical polymerizable compounds are present in the composition to be polymerized.
- the radical polymerizable compound (s) may be present in the composition at a content by weight of 10 to 100%, and preferably from 30 to 95% relative to the total weight of the composition.
- This content can be, for example, from 10 to 15%; or from 15 to 20%; or from
- the polymerization process according to the invention comprises the following steps: bringing a borane-amine complex into contact with an alkene compound as described below to obtain a reaction mixture; and bringing a composition comprising the at least one radical polymerizable compound comprising at least one ethylenic bond as described below into contact with the reaction medium obtained.
- the composition can also comprise one or more additives chosen from fillers or dyes, solvents or plasticizers, UV and thermal stabilizers, moisture absorbers, fluorescent materials and transfer agents.
- the fillers can be chosen from talc, mica, kaolin, bentonite, aluminum oxides, titanium oxides, iron oxides, barium sulfate, hornblende, amphiboles, chrysotile, black carbon, carbon fibers, smoked or pyrogenic silicas, molecular sieves, calcium carbonate, wollastonite, glass beads, glass fibers, as well as their combinations.
- the loads can also include nanofibers, such as carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, etc.
- plasticizer the latter can be chosen from those known to those skilled in the art in the polymer synthesis industries. There may be mentioned, for example, plasticizers based on phthalates, polyol esters (such as, for example, pentaerythritol tetravalenate, marketed by Perstop), epoxidized oil, alkylsulphonic esters of phenol (product Mesamoll® marketed by the company LANXESS) and mixtures thereof.
- polyol esters such as, for example, pentaerythritol tetravalenate, marketed by Perstop
- epoxidized oil such as, for example, pentaerythritol tetravalenate, marketed by Perstop
- epoxidized oil such as, for example, pentaerythritol tetravalenate, marketed by Perstop
- epoxidized oil such as, for example, pentaerythritol tetravalenate
- the solvent can also be chosen from those known to those skilled in the art in the polymer synthesis industries. It can be cited by way of example tetrahydrofuran (THF), hexane, acetonitrile, DMSO or even ethanol.
- the UV stabilizers can be chosen from benzotriazoles, benzophenones, so-called hindered amines such as butylated hydroxytoluene, 4-methoxyphenol, bis (2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebaceate, and mixtures thereof. Mention may be made, for example, of the products TINUVIN® 328 or TINUVIN TM 770 sold by BASF.
- the fluorescent material can be, for example, 2,5-thiophenediylbis (5-tert-butyl-1, 3-benzoxazole) (Uvitex® OB).
- the transfer agents can be chosen from 1, 8-Dimercapto-3,6-dioxaoctane (DMDO), n-dodecylmercaptan (NDM) or n-octylmercaptan (NOM).
- DMDO 1, 8-Dimercapto-3,6-dioxaoctane
- NDM n-dodecylmercaptan
- NOM n-octylmercaptan
- the additives can be present in the composition at a mass content of 0.01 to 5%, and preferably from 0.01 to 3% relative to the total mass of the composition.
- the additives can in particular be present in the composition at a mass content of 0.01 to 0.1%; or from 0.1 to 0.5%; or from 0.5 to 1%; or from 1 to 2.5%; or from 2.5 to 5%; or from 5 to 10%; or from 10 to 15%; or from 15 to 20%; or from 20 to 25%; or 25 to 30%.
- the preparation of the reaction medium from the composition comprising the borane-amine complex and the alkene compound can be carried out by simply mixing the borane-amine complex (BH 3 -amine) and the alkene compound at a temperature ranging from 20 to 60 ° C, and preferably from 35 to 55 ° C.
- this temperature can in particular be from 20 to 25 ° C .; or from 25 to 30 ° C; or from 30 to 35 ° C; or from 35 to 40 ° C; or from 40 to 45 ° C; or from 45 to 50 ° C; or from 50-55 ° C; or 55 to 60 ° C for a period of time ranging from 1 minute to 24 hours.
- the reaction medium obtained can be introduced into the composition to be polymerized (composition comprising the at least one radical polymerizable compound comprising at least one ethylenic bond).
- composition comprising the at least one radical polymerizable compound comprising at least one ethylenic bond.
- the contacting of the borane-amine / alkene complex mixture with the composition to be polymerized can for example be carried out by simple mixing. This mixing can for example be carried out at room temperature.
- the process according to the invention can comprise a step of heating the mixture obtained so as to facilitate the polymerization of the compound (s) polymerizable (s).
- the heating can be carried out at a temperature of 20 to 100 ° C, and preferably 35 to 85 ° C.
- this temperature can in particular be from 20 to 25 ° C .; or from 25 to 30 ° C; or from 30 to 35 ° C; or from 35 to 40 ° C; or from 40 to 45 ° C; or from 45 to 50 ° C; or from 50 to 55 ° C; or from 55 to 60 ° C; or from 60 to 65 ° C; or from 65 to 70 ° C; or from 70 to 75 ° C; or from 75 to 80 ° C; or from 80 to 85 ° C; or from 85 to 90 ° C; or from 90 to 95 ° C; or 95 to 100 ° C.
- the polymerization process according to the invention is carried out in the absence of decomplexing agents to decomplex the borane and the amine.
- decomplexing agent means a compound capable of reacting with the amine included in the borane-amine complex, in order to release the borane.
- the decomplexing agent can be an isocyanate, a Lewis acid, a carboxylic acid, a mineral acid, a phosphonic acid, a sulfonic acid, an acyl chloride, an anhydride, an aldehyde, a 1,3 dicarbonyl compound. and an epoxy.
- the polymerization process according to the invention is carried out in the absence of an isocyanate compound.
- the polymerization of the radically polymerizable compound can last from 15 minutes to 3 days, and preferably from 30 minutes to 2 days.
- the polymerization process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain polymers having a number-average molar mass of 1,000 to 2,000,000 g / mol, preferably from 1,000 to 500,000 g / mol and preferably from 1,000 to 250,000 g / mol.
- the number average molecular weight can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the invention thus provides a polymerizable composition comprising at least one radical polymerizable compound (as described above) and an alkene / borane-amine complex (BH 3 -amine) composition obtained as described above.
- This composition is devoid of decomplexing agents for decomplexing the borane and the amine.
- the polymerizable composition comprises the composition described above comprising the radically polymerizable compound and the alkene / borane-amine complex composition and it can be formed by mixing the composition to be polymerized described above comprising the radical polymerizable compound with the alkene / borane-amine complex composition.
- different alken compounds are used for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate using a reaction medium comprising a borane-amine complex and an alkene compound.
- the polymerization is carried out from a composition comprising 100% of methyl methacrylate at 60 ° C. and with a molar content of 1% of borane-amine complex relative to the mass of the methyl methacrylate.
- the amine used and N-ethyl diisopropylamine More particularly, firstly, the borane-N-ethyl diisopropylamine complex is mixed with the alkene compound at room temperature and the reaction medium obtained is mixed with the composition comprising the methacrylic monomer, before heating to 60 ° C.
- the table below includes various alken compounds used to obtain the reaction medium (reactions 1 to 5).
- reaction time is understood to mean the duration of polymerization from the moment when the polymerizable compound is mixed with the reaction medium until the formation of the polymer (The polymer formed is in a solid state while the initial mixture of the reaction medium with the polymerizable compound is in a liquid state).
- the table below includes various alken compounds used to obtain the reaction medium (reactions 6 to 10).
- the polymerization is carried out with 1% organoboran-amine complex and at a temperature of 60 ° C.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2003811A FR3109382B1 (fr) | 2020-04-16 | 2020-04-16 | Procédé de polymérisation d’au moins un composé polymérisable par voie radicalaire |
| PCT/FR2021/050612 WO2021209699A1 (fr) | 2020-04-16 | 2021-04-07 | Procédé de polymérisation d'au moins un composé polymérisable par voie radicalaire |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4136127A1 true EP4136127A1 (fr) | 2023-02-22 |
Family
ID=71452466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21722971.5A Withdrawn EP4136127A1 (fr) | 2020-04-16 | 2021-04-07 | Procédé de polymérisation d'au moins un composé polymérisable par voie radicalaire |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230192918A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4136127A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2023521464A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN115335416A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3109382B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021209699A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1067215B (de) | 1957-08-02 | 1959-10-15 | Farbenfabriken Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, Leverkusen-Bayerwerk | Verfahren zur Polymerisation von ungesättigten Verbindungen |
| BE599646A (fr) | 1960-02-02 | |||
| US6420502B1 (en) * | 2000-10-23 | 2002-07-16 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Living free radical initiators based on alkylperoxydiarylborane derivatives and living free radical polymerization process |
| US6632908B1 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2003-10-14 | Henkel Loctite Corporation | Bonding system having adherence to low energy surfaces |
| US8742050B2 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2014-06-03 | Henkel US IP LLC | Two part hybrid adhesive |
| EP2189463B1 (fr) | 2008-11-25 | 2012-07-04 | Rohm and Haas Company | Synthèse d'amine boranes |
| US9080000B2 (en) * | 2009-02-04 | 2015-07-14 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of forming a non-random copolymer |
| CN102574379B (zh) * | 2009-08-07 | 2015-11-25 | 可乐丽股份有限公司 | 聚乙烯醇缩醛层合体及其用途 |
| US10889687B2 (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2021-01-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymerizable compositions, polymerized compositions, and methods of making and using the same |
| FR3098818B1 (fr) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-06-25 | Bostik Sa | Composition adhésive bi-composante comprenant un complexe organoborane-amine |
| FR3098823B1 (fr) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-06-25 | Bostik Sa | Composition adhesive bi-composante comprenant un complexe borane-amine |
-
2020
- 2020-04-16 FR FR2003811A patent/FR3109382B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2021
- 2021-04-07 JP JP2022562805A patent/JP2023521464A/ja active Pending
- 2021-04-07 CN CN202180028277.3A patent/CN115335416A/zh active Pending
- 2021-04-07 US US17/996,121 patent/US20230192918A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2021-04-07 WO PCT/FR2021/050612 patent/WO2021209699A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-04-07 EP EP21722971.5A patent/EP4136127A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115335416A (zh) | 2022-11-11 |
| JP2023521464A (ja) | 2023-05-24 |
| WO2021209699A1 (fr) | 2021-10-21 |
| US20230192918A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
| FR3109382B1 (fr) | 2022-04-29 |
| FR3109382A1 (fr) | 2021-10-22 |
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